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Yu D, Zhan L, Xu Z. An environmentally-friendly permeable liquid salt pyrolysis method based on capillary heat transfer for recycling waste insulator materials. J Hazard Mater 2024; 469:133815. [PMID: 38428294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Molten salt pyrolysis technology stands out as a potent approach for achieving efficient degradation and energy recovery of composite organic materials. Nevertheless, challenges such as the high melting point of molten salt, product destruction, and the complexities of treating waste salt pose significant limitations to the widespread application and popularization of this technology. To tackle these issues, this study proposes a salt-assisted pyrolysis method based on capillary heat transfer called permeable liquid salt pyrolysis. Focusing on abandoned power industry insulators, the research delves into the thermal and mass transfer model of cluster-embedded materials under non-molten salt conditions. The investigation reveals that the capillary between glass fiber and resin proves beneficial in enhancing heat transfer conditions by creating a novel phase known as permeate liquid. Results demonstrate that salt-assisted pyrolysis can substantially lower the required temperature and enhance the pyrolysis reaction rate, achieving a maximum degradation efficiency of 98.99 %. Additionally, the pyrolysis products undergo in-situ modification, with a notable reduction in benzene series compounds ranging from 68 % to 85 %. Furthermore, an erosion diffusion capillary mode is established. This study presents an environmentally-friendly approach to recycle and modify products derived from waste resin-based composite materials generated in the electric power industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daheng Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lu Zhan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Zhenming Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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2
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Sun S, Hou M, Lai C, Yang Q, Gao J, Lu X, Wang X, Yu Q. Capillary self-aspirating electrospray ionization (CSESI) for convenient and versatile mass spectrometry analysis. Talanta 2024; 266:125008. [PMID: 37531883 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization (ESI) is one of the most widely used ionization techniques, and its simplification can benefit many interested users. In this study, sample introduction by capillary action was studied and used to develop a simple ESI source called capillary self-aspirating electrospray ionization (CSESI). A conventional CSESI source requires only a common capillary of appropriate diameter in addition to the support of high voltage (HV). No pumps and sample loading is needed because the solution can spontaneously climb across the capillary by capillary action. With the proper modification of the glass capillary, the operation of CSESI can be further simplified and efficient. Specifically, cold plasma processing of the capillary creates a more hydrophilic surface that can facilitate sample introduction. Moreover, sputtering a thin platinum layer on the capillary tip makes the application of HV more convenient, and it also eliminates the influence of air bubbles in the capillary to ensure a sustained and stable electrospray. Overall, CSESI exhibits multiple desirable features such as simple structure, self-aspiration ability, low sample consumption, and inherent physical filtration capability. Apart from the routine ESI-MS analysis, it has also been applied in real-time monitoring of the oxidative dimerization of 8-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, as well as direct analysis of muddy soil solutions without pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Sun
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mulang Hou
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chaoyang Lai
- Shenzhen Chin Instrument Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xinqiong Lu
- Shenzhen Chin Instrument Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Quan Yu
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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3
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Dong S, Liu B, Ma M, Xia M, Wang C. Effects of groundwater level decline to soil and vegetation in arid grassland: a case study of Hulunbuir open pit coal mine. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:1793-1806. [PMID: 35648327 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coal mine in arid and semi-arid area is one of the most severely degraded ecosystems on the earth. The continuous decrease in groundwater level caused by coal mining will inevitably affect biogeochemical environment of the vadose zone, and then lead to the replacement of surface vegetation. Yimin open-pit coal mine was taken as an example to reveal the relationship between the groundwater depth and soil water content (SWC), soil salt content, soil electrical conductivity (SEC), soil organic matter (SOM), soil available potassium (SAK), soil available nitrogen (SAN), vegetation coverage, aboveground biomass and species richness. The results show that, the change of groundwater depth can affect soil properties and then change the characteristics of surface vegetation, and the change of surface vegetation can also react on soil properties. Vegetation coverage and aboveground biomass are negatively correlated with groundwater depth, and positively correlated with SWC, SEC, SOM and SAK. The shallow groundwater table is conducive to the accumulation of SOM, so that the surface biomass and vegetation coverage are high. The higher the surface biomass, the more the SAN is absorbed. Under natural conditions, the relative strength of biological nitrogen fixation and plant absorption determine the content of SAN. In the research area, when the depth of groundwater is less than 0.4 m will cause soil salinization, then lead to low species richness; Species richness is exponentially correlated with groundwater depth and decreases with the increase in groundwater depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaogang Dong
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Baiwei Liu
- Academic Affair Office, Inner Mongolia University, No. 235 University West Road, Saihan District, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Mingyan Ma
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Manhong Xia
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
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4
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Chung S, Loh A, Jennings CM, Sosnowski K, Ha SY, Yim UH, Yoon JY. Capillary flow velocity profile analysis on paper-based microfluidic chips for screening oil types using machine learning. J Hazard Mater 2023; 447:130806. [PMID: 36680906 PMCID: PMC9940998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We conceived a novel approach to screen oil types on a wax-printed paper-based microfluidic platform. Various oil samples spontaneously flowed through a micrometer-scale channel via capillary action while their components were filtered and partitioned. The resulting capillary flow velocity profile fluctuated during the flow, which was used to screen oil types. Raspberry Pi camera captured the video clips, and a custom Python code analyzed them to obtain the capillary flow velocity profiles. 106 velocity profiles (each with 125 frames for 5 s) were recorded from various oil samples to build a training database. Principal component analysis (PCA), support vector machine (SVM), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to classify the oil types into heavy-to-medium crude, light crude, marine fuel, lubricant, and diesel oils. The second-order polynomial SVM model with PCA as a pre-processing step showed the highest accuracy: 90% in classifying crude oils and 81% in classifying non-crude oils. The assay took less than 30 s from the sample to answer, with 5 s of the capillary action-driven flow. This simple and effective assay will allow rapid preliminary screening of oil types, enable early tracking, and reduce the number of suspect samples to be analyzed by laboratory fingerprinting analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Chung
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Department of Biosystems Engineering, Integrated Major in Global Smart Farm, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew Loh
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian M Jennings
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Katelyn Sosnowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 53201, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States.
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5
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Liang Y, Buchanan BC, Khanthaphixay B, Zhou A, Quirk G, Worobey M, Yoon JY. Sensitive SARS-CoV-2 salivary antibody assays for clinical saline gargle samples using smartphone-based competitive particle immunoassay platforms. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 229:115221. [PMID: 36958205 PMCID: PMC10008095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibody assay for SARS-CoV-2 has become increasingly important to track latent and asymptomatic infections, check the individual's immune status, and confirm vaccine efficacy and durability. However, current SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays require invasive blood collection, requiring a remote laboratory and a trained phlebotomist. Direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from clinical saline gargle samples has been considered challenging due to the smaller number of antibodies in such specimens and the high limit of detection of currently available rapid tests. This work demonstrates simple and non-invasive methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2 salivary antibodies. Competitive particle immunoassays were developed on a paper microfluidic chip using the receptor-binding domain (RBD) antigens on spike proteins. Using a smartphone, they were monitored by counting the captured fluorescent particles or evaluating the capillary flow velocities. The limit of detection (LOD), cross-binding between alpha- and omicron-strains, and the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) presence were investigated. LODs were 1-5 ng/mL in both 10% and 1% saliva. Clinical saline gargle samples were assayed using both methods, showing a statistical difference between virus-negative and virus-positive samples, although the assays targeted antibodies. Only a small number of virus-positive samples were antibody-negative. The high assay sensitivity detected a small number of antibodies developed even during the early phase of infections. Overall, this work demonstrates the ability to detect SARS-CoV-2 salivary IgG antibodies on simple, cost-effective, portable platforms towards mitigating SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Bailey C Buchanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Bradley Khanthaphixay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Avory Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Grace Quirk
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Michael Worobey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States.
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6
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Akarapipad P, Kaarj K, Breshears LE, Sosnowski K, Baker J, Nguyen BT, Eades C, Uhrlaub JL, Quirk G, Nikolich-Žugich J, Worobey M, Yoon JY. Smartphone-based sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 from saline gargle samples via flow profile analysis on a paper microfluidic chip. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 207:114192. [PMID: 35334331 PMCID: PMC8926431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses, especially coronaviruses, have resulted in worldwide pandemics in the past couple of decades. Saliva-based paper microfluidic assays represent an opportunity for noninvasive and rapid screening, yet both the sample matrix and test method come with unique challenges. In this work, we demonstrated the rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 from saliva samples, which could be simpler and more comfortable for patients than existing methods. Furthermore, we systematically investigated the components of saliva samples that affected assay performance. Using only a smartphone, an antibody-conjugated particle suspension, and a paper microfluidic chip, we made the assay user-friendly with minimal processing. Unlike the previously established flow rate assays that depended solely on the flow rate or distance, this unique assay analyzes the flow profile to determine infection status. Particle-target immunoagglutination changed the surface tension and subsequently the capillary flow velocity profile. A smartphone camera automatically measured the flow profile using a Python script, which was not affected by ambient light variations. The limit of detection (LOD) was 1 fg/μL SARS-CoV-2 from 1% saliva samples and 10 fg/μL from simulated saline gargle samples (15% saliva and 0.9% saline). This method was highly specific as demonstrated using influenza A/H1N1. The sample-to-answer assay time was <15 min, including <1-min capillary flow time. The overall accuracy was 89% with relatively clean clinical saline gargle samples. Despite some limitations with turbid clinical samples, this method presents a potential solution for rapid mass testing techniques during any infectious disease outbreak as soon as the antibodies become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patarajarin Akarapipad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Kattika Kaarj
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Lane E Breshears
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Katelyn Sosnowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Jacob Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Brandon T Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Ciara Eades
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Jennifer L Uhrlaub
- Department of Immunobiology and Arizona Center on Aging, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, United States
| | - Grace Quirk
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Janko Nikolich-Žugich
- Department of Immunobiology and Arizona Center on Aging, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, United States
| | - Michael Worobey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States; Department of Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States.
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7
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Mat-Shayuti MS, Tuan Ya TMYS, Abdullah MZ, Othman NH, Alias NH. Exploring the effect of ultrasonic power, frequency, and load toward remediation of oil-contaminated beach and oilfield sands using ANOVA. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:58081-58091. [PMID: 34106401 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the potential shown by previous investigations on the use of ultrasound for the remediation of oil-contaminated sand, the influence and interactions among ultrasonic parameters and oily sand are unclear, leading to possible ineffective treatment and high-power consumption. In order to improve the process efficiency, this work analyzes the effects of ultrasonic power, frequency, and load toward the cleaning of crude oil-contaminated sand, using two different sample positions and sand types. Crude oil-contaminated beach sand and produced sand from offshore oil well were used as samples. They were cleaned in custom-made ultrasonic bath reactor for 10 min with power from 30 to 120 W, frequency covering 25-60 kHz, and sand load of 10-100 g. With experimental design consisting multiple factors and levels, the interactions between factors in all possible combinations were determined using ANOVA (n = 210). From p-value based at 95% confidence interval and extensive F test, the three most significant factors were the sand type, the ultrasonic frequency, and the interaction between sand type and frequency. The best setting for suspended samples involved high frequency of 60 kHz, whereas bottom samples preferred low frequency at 28 kHz. This finding was justified when the acoustic pressure attenuation, standing wave pattern, and surface pitting/cracking were found in correlation with the cleaning results. Overall, the maximum treatment under ultrasonic bath solely gained around 60%, improvable by hybrid cleaning with other techniques such as chemical, biological, mechanical, and thermal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq Mat-Shayuti
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Perak, Malaysia.
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Tuan Mohammad Yusoff Shah Tuan Ya
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
- High Performance Computing Centre, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Zaki Abdullah
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hidayati Othman
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hashimah Alias
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
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8
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Hongbo X, Dan L, Suli W, Shuai F, Chao M, Bin D. H 2O- and ethanol concentration-responsive polymer/gel inverse opal photonic crystal. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 605:803-812. [PMID: 34371425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Responsive photonic crystals have attracted much attention due to their strong capability to manipulate the propagation of light in the visible region, but it is still a big challenge to invisibility and mechanical stability. Here, the novel Poly(ether sulfone)/Poly(acrylic acid) inverse opal photonic crystals, which have high mechanical stability and can release visible patterns after wetting with water, are discussed. The Poly(ether sulfone)/Poly(acrylic acid) inverse opal photonic crystals are also responsive to the concentration of ethanol, and the structural color response times increase with increasing ethanol concentration. This design uses the selective infiltration, hydrogen bonding and capillary action of solvent to realize the spectral diversity of reflectance. Owing to the high polarity and hydrogen bonding ability of carboxyl groups, water molecules are adsorbed easily by the poly(acrylic acid) gel. Subsequently, the encrypted information is decrypted due to the redshift of the structural color. Because of its lower polarity and hydrogen bonding ability relative to water, ethanol can impede the absorption of solvent by gel. Therefore, the ethanol concentration can be identified based on the structural color response time. Furthermore, reliable information decryption methods make Poly(ether sulfone)/Poly(acrylic acid) inverse opal photonic crystals potentially uesful as trusted encryption devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hongbo
- Key Laboratory of New Energy and Rare Earth Resource Utilization of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Key Laboratory of Photosensitive Materials & Devices of Liaoning Province, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Li Dan
- Key Laboratory of New Energy and Rare Earth Resource Utilization of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Key Laboratory of Photosensitive Materials & Devices of Liaoning Province, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wu Suli
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Feng Shuai
- School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Meng Chao
- School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dong Bin
- Key Laboratory of New Energy and Rare Earth Resource Utilization of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Key Laboratory of Photosensitive Materials & Devices of Liaoning Province, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116024, China.
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9
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Ulep TH, Zenhausern R, Gonzales A, Knoff DS, Lengerke Diaz PA, Castro JE, Yoon JY. Smartphone based on-chip fluorescence imaging and capillary flow velocity measurement for detecting ROR1+ cancer cells from buffy coat blood samples on dual-layer paper microfluidic chip. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 153:112042. [PMID: 32056660 PMCID: PMC7047888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of hematological cancer requires complete white blood cell count, followed by flow cytometry with multiple markers, and cytology. It requires substantial time and specialized training. A dual-layer paper microfluidic chip was developed as a quicker, low-cost, and field-deployable alternative to detect ROR1+ (receptor tyrosine-like orphan receptor one) cancer cells from the undiluted and untreated buffy coat blood samples. The first capture layer consisted of a GF/D glass fiber substrate, preloaded with cancer specific anti-ROR1 conjugated fluorescent particles to its center for cancer cell capture and direct smartphone fluorescence imaging. The second flow layer was comprised of a grade 1 cellulose chromatography paper with wax-printed four channels for wicking and capillary flow-based detection. The flow velocity was used as measure of antigen concentration in the buffy coat sample. In this manner, intact cells and their antigens were separated and independently analyzed by both imaging and flow velocity analyses. A custom-made smartphone-based fluorescence microscope and automated image processing and particle counter software were developed to enumerate particles on paper, with the limit of detection of 1 cell/μL. Flow velocity analysis showed even greater sensitivity, with the limit of detection of 0.1 cells/μL in the first 6 s of assay. Comparison with capillary flow model revealed great alignment with experimental data and greater correlation to viscosity than interfacial tension. Our proposed device is able to capture and on-chip image ROR1+ cancer cells within a complex sample matrix (buffy coat) while simultaneously quantifying cell concentration in a point-of-care manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany-Heather Ulep
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Ryan Zenhausern
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Alana Gonzales
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - David S Knoff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | | | - Januario E Castro
- Hematology Oncology Division, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, United States
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States.
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10
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Mat-Shayuti MS, Tuan Ya TMYS, Abdullah MZ, Megat Khamaruddin PNF, Othman NH. Progress in ultrasonic oil-contaminated sand cleaning: a fundamental review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:26419-26438. [PMID: 31327143 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05954-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Steady efforts in using ultrasonic energy to treat oil-contaminated sand started in the early 2000s until today, although pilot studies on the area can be traced to even earlier dates. Owing to the unique characteristics of the acoustic means, the separation of oil from sand has been showing good results in laboratories. This review provides the compilation of researches and insights into the mechanism of separation thus far. Related topics in the areas of oil-contaminated sand characterizations, fundamental ultrasonic cleaning, and cavitation effects are also addressed. Nevertheless, many of the documented works are only at laboratory or pilot-scale level, and the comprehensive interaction between ultrasonic parameters towards cleaning efficiencies may not have been fully unveiled. Gaps and opportunities are also presented at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq Mat-Shayuti
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | | | - Mohamad Zaki Abdullah
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | | | - Nur Hidayati Othman
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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11
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Andersson J, Larsson A, Ström A. Stick-slip motion and controlled filling speed by the geometric design of soft micro-channels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 524:139-147. [PMID: 29649622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Liquid can move by capillary action through interconnected porous materials, as in fabric or paper towels. Today mass transport is controlled by chemical modification. It is, however, possible to direct mass transport by geometrical modifications. It is here proposed that it is possible to tailor capillary flow speed in a model system of micro-channels by the angle, size and position of attached side channels. EXPERIMENTS A flexible, rapid, and cost-effective method is used to produce micro-channels in gels. It involves 3D-printed moulds in which gels are cast. Open channels of micrometre size with several side channels on either one or two sides are produced with tilting angles of 10-170°. On a horizontal plane the meniscus of water driven by surface tension is tracked in the main channel. FINDINGS The presence of side channels on one side slowed down the speed of the meniscus in the main channel least. Channels having side channels on both sides with tilting angles of up to 30° indicated tremendously slower flow, and the liquid exhibited a stick-slip motion. Broader side channels decreased the speed more than thinner ones, as suggested by the hypothesis. Inertial forces are suggested to be important in branched channel systems studied here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; SuMo Biomaterials, VINN Excellence Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anette Larsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; SuMo Biomaterials, VINN Excellence Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Ström
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; SuMo Biomaterials, VINN Excellence Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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12
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Abstract
To identify potential interventions that may lower the high non-diagnostic rates associated with ultrasound guided (US) fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of the thyroid nodule. A case series of 164 thyroid nodule US-guided FNA was identified retrospectively. The following variables were analyzed in regards to diagnostic and non-diagnostic sampling: patient age, gender, size of nodule, biopsy technique (capillary vs. aspiration), needle gauge (23 vs. 25), and physician experience. The FNA diagnosis, and final pathology, when applicable, was recorded for each sample using the Bethesda criteria. Data was analyzed using the Fisher's exact test or the chi square test. After multivariate logistic regression, capillary action was independently associated with lower non-diagnostic rates (p = 0.01), while increasing patient age was associated with higher non-diagnostic rates (p = 0.018). Physician experience (p = 0.014) was not independently associated with lower non-diagnostic rates. Nodules that were "cystic >50%" were significantly more likely to yield a non-diagnostic result (p < 0.0001). After taking into account confounding variables, including physician experience, our data reveals a statistically significant decrease in non-diagnostic rates with the use of capillary action vs. aspiration technique in US-guided FNA. A major focus in healthcare today is providing cost-effective and minimally invasive care to the patient. In the setting of a rising incidence of thyroid disease, we believe our study demonstrates the need for a prospective analysis of the relationship between technique and non-diagnostic rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarbir S Gill
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The University of California, Davis, 2521 Stockton Blvd. #7200, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Richard Amdur
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Arjun S Joshi
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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13
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Hamano H, Nakamura S, Hayakawa J, Miyashita H, Harayama S. Biofilm-based photobioreactor absorbing water and nutrients by capillary action. Bioresour Technol 2017; 223:307-311. [PMID: 27839679 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cells of the unicellular green alga, "Pseudochoricystis ellipsoidea", were uniformly spread on a cellulosic sheet or on a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane sheet superimposed on a cellulosic sheet at a density of 3.5-5.0gdry weight per m2, and the sheet was adhered to an inverted V-shaped acrylic plate of 10cm in height. Several acrylic plates were placed side by side on a tray containing liquid medium at a depth of 0.6cm, and illuminated from above with a light intensity of 300-340μmolm-2s-1. Water and nutrients were supplied to cells by capillary action through the cellulosic sheet. Footprint biomass productivities of cells grown in atmospheric CO2 on this photobioreactor were 8-10gm-2day-1. This cultivation system is strongly energy- and labor-saving as it does not require mixing of culture fluid, irrigation of medium, and delivery of CO2-enriched air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Hamano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
| | - Shun Nakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
| | - Jumpei Hayakawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Miyashita
- Graduate School of Global and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Shigeaki Harayama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
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Rustom LE, Boudou T, Lou S, Pignot-Paintrand I, Nemke BW, Lu Y, Markel MD, Picart C, Wagoner Johnson AJ. Micropore-induced capillarity enhances bone distribution in vivo in biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2016; 44:144-54. [PMID: 27544807 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The increasing demand for bone repair solutions calls for the development of efficacious bone scaffolds. Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds with both macropores and micropores (MP) have improved healing compared to those with macropores and no micropores (NMP), but the role of micropores is unclear. Here, we evaluate capillarity induced by micropores as a mechanism that can affect bone growth in vivo. Three groups of cylindrical scaffolds were implanted in pig mandibles for three weeks: MP were implanted either dry (MP-Dry), or after submersion in phosphate buffered saline, which fills pores with fluid and therefore suppresses micropore-induced capillarity (MP-Wet); NMP were implanted dry. The amount and distribution of bone in the scaffolds were quantified using micro-computed tomography. MP-Dry had a more homogeneous bone distribution than MP-Wet, although the average bone volume fraction, BVF‾, was not significantly different for these two groups (0.45±0.03 and 0.37±0.03, respectively). There was no significant difference in the radial bone distribution of NMP and MP-Wet, but the BVF‾, of NMP was significantly lower among the three groups (0.25±0.02). These results suggest that micropore-induced capillarity enhances bone regeneration by improving the homogeneity of bone distribution in BCP scaffolds. The explicit design and use of capillarity in bone scaffolds may lead to more effective treatments of large and complex bone defects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The increasing demand for bone repair calls for more efficacious bone scaffolds and calcium phosphate-based materials are considered suitable for this application. Macropores (>100μm) are necessary for bone ingrowth and vascularization. However, studies have shown that microporosity (<20μm) also enhances growth, but there is no consensus on the controlling mechanisms. In previous in vitro work, we suggested that micropore-induced capillarity had the potential to enhance bone growth in vivo. This work illustrates the positive effects of capillarity on bone regeneration in vivo; it demonstrates that micropore-induced capillarity significantly enhances the bone distribution in the scaffold. The results will impact the design of scaffolds to better exploit capillarity and improve treatments for large and load-bearing bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence E Rustom
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1270 Digital Computer Laboratory, MC-278, 1304 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; University Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Thomas Boudou
- University Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France.
| | - Siyu Lou
- University Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, China.
| | - Isabelle Pignot-Paintrand
- University Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France.
| | - Brett W Nemke
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Mark D Markel
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Catherine Picart
- University Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France.
| | - Amy J Wagoner Johnson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1270 Digital Computer Laboratory, MC-278, 1304 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; University Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 38000 Grenoble, France; Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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