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Coyne M, Dellafaille J, Riede T. Postnatal changes in thyroid cartilage shape and cartilage matrix composition are not synchronized in Mus musculus. J Anat 2024; 244:739-748. [PMID: 38303104 PMCID: PMC11021632 DOI: 10.1111/joa.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to quantify laryngeal cartilage matrix composition and to investigate its relationship with cartilage shape in a mouse model. A sample of 30 mice (CD-1 mouse, Mus musculus) from five age groups (postnatal Days 2, 21, 90, 365, and 720) were used. Three-dimensional mouse laryngeal thyroid cartilage reconstructions were generated from contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography (CT) image stacks. Cartilage matrix composition was estimated as Hounsfield units (HU). HU were determined by overlaying 3D reconstructions as masks on micro-CT image stacks and then measuring the attenuation. Cartilage shape was quantified with landmarks placed on the surface of the thyroid cartilage. Shape differences between the five age groups were analyzed using geometric morphometrics and multiparametric analysis of landmarks. The relationship between HU and shape was investigated with correlational analyses. Among five age groups, HU became higher in older animals. The shape of the thyroid cartilage changes with age throughout the entire life of a mouse. The changes in shape were not synchronized with changes in cartilage matrix composition. The thyroid cartilage of young and old M. musculus larynx showed a homogenous mineralization pattern. High-resolution contrast-enhanced micro-CT imaging makes the mouse larynx accessible for analysis of genetic and environmental factors affecting shape and matrix composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Coyne
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Tobias Riede
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
- College of Graduate Studies, Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
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Darwaiz T, Pasch B, Riede T. Postnatal remodeling of the laryngeal airway removes body size dependency of spectral features for ultrasonic whistling in laboratory mice. J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Darwaiz
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies Midwestern University Glendale Glendale Arizona USA
| | - B. Pasch
- Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - T. Riede
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies Midwestern University Glendale Glendale Arizona USA
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Zerdoum AB, Stuffer AJ, Heris HK, Liu S, Mongeau L, Duncan RL, Jia X. Culture of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Hydrogel Model of Vocal Fold Lamina Propria. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 5:387-401. [PMID: 33184606 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-018-0085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell injection has been proposed as an alternative approach for the restoration of vocal fold (VF) function in patients with VF scarring. To assess the therapeutic efficacy of this treatment strategy, we evaluated the behaviors of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in hydrogels derived from thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-SH) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA) entrapping assembled collagen fibrils (abbreviated as HPC gels). Three hydrogel formulations with varying amounts of collagen (0, 1 and 2 mg/mL) but a fixed HA-SH (5 mg/mL) and PEG-DA (2 mg/mL) concentration, designated as HPC0, HPC1 and HPC2, were investigated. The HPC gels exhibit similar pore sizes (35-50 nm) and AFM indentation moduli (~175 Pa), although the elastic shear modulus for HPC1 (~32 Pa) is lower than HPC0 and HPC2 (~55 Pa). Although HPC1 and HPC2 gels both promoted the development of an elongated cell morphology, greater cell spreading was observed in HPC2 than in HPC1 by day 7. At the transcript level, cells cultured in HPC1 and HPC2 gels had an increased expression of fibronectin and integrin β1, but a decreased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, collagen types I/III and HA synthase-1 when compared to cells cultured in HPC0 gels. Cellular expression of connective tissue growth factor was also elevated in HPC1 and HPC2 cultures. Importantly, the HPC2 hydrogels promoted a signficant up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 1, transforming growth factor β1, and epithelial growth factor receptor, indicating an increased tissue turnover. Overall, hMSCs cultured in HPC2 gels adopt a phenotype reminiscent of cells involved in the wound healing process, providing a platform to study the effectiveness of therapeutic stem cell treatments for VF scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan B Zerdoum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Alexander J Stuffer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Hossein K Heris
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Luc Mongeau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Randall L Duncan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.,Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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Kawai Y, Kishimoto Y, Sogami T, Suzuki R, Tsuji T, Hiwatashi N, Tateya I, Kanemaru SI, Nakamura T, Omori K, Hirano S. Characterization of aged rat vocal fold fibroblasts. Laryngoscope 2018; 129:E94-E101. [PMID: 30450675 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To elucidate the aging physiology of the vocal folds, we examined the characters of aged vocal fold fibroblasts (VFFs) in various conditions. STUDY DESIGN In vitro study. METHODS VFFs from young (12-week-old) and aged (19-month-old) Sprague-Dawley rats were compared. Proliferative capacity, ratio of myofibroblast to fibroblast, myofibroblast function, and extracellular matrix production were examined in the following conditions: naïve, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) supplemented, and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) supplemented. RESULTS Aged VFFs demonstrated reduced proliferation by cell counting, though the ratio of Ki-67-positive cells showed no difference. Aged VFFs exhibited an increased expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA); however, they demonstrated no enhanced contractile ability in a gel contraction assay. Type I collagen protein was increased age dependently, accompanied with decreased Mmp1 and unchanged Col1a1 transcription. Type I collagen protein and α-SMA represented quite similar reduction patterns to bFGF or HGF administration. CONCLUSIONS The following possible characteristics of aged VFFs were implied: long duration of mitosis, increased myofibroblast population size with certain dysfunctions, reduced type I collagen turnover, and correlation between α-SMA expression and type I collagen metabolism. Further investigations of these features will help to clarify presbyphonia's pathology and establish treatment strategies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 129:E94-E101, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Kawai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yo Kishimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tohru Sogami
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Tsuji
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nao Hiwatashi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tateya
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Kanemaru
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kitano Hospital, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nakamura
- Department of Bioartificial Organs, Institute for Frontier Medical Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hirano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Chotigavanich C, Dowdall JR, Franco RA. Acoustic Characteristics of Voice Before and After Endoscopic Partial Laryngectomy in Early Glottic Cancer. J Voice 2016; 30:371-6. [PMID: 26846542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the voice changes after narrow-margin endoscopic partial laryngectomy in subjects with T1N0M0 glottic cancer. STUDY DESIGN Uncontrolled retrospective comparison of preoperative and postoperative mean phonation time; fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, and noise-to-harmonic ratio; and voice-related quality of life (V-RQOL) survey scores. METHODS Seventeen adults diagnosed with T1N0M0 glottic cancer who underwent narrow-margin endoscopic partial laryngectomy were included. All subjects had preoperative and postoperative acoustic evaluation and V-RQOL scores. Subjects were separated into three groups based on age and depth of resection. Group A (mean age, 52 years) consisted of seven subjects who underwent superficial resection (superficial layer of lamina propria) and were younger than 60 years. Group B (mean age, 76 years) consisted of six subjects who were older than 60 years and underwent superficial resection (superficial layer of lamina propria). The four subjects in group C were older than 60 years and underwent deep resection (into the vocal ligament and/or into the thyroarytenoid muscle). RESULTS There was a statistically significant improvement in V-RQOL in group A. The acoustic measures did not change after surgery (no P<0.05). CONCLUSION For early-stage cancer, patients younger than 60 years and superficial resection of cancer are predictive for better voice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayme R Dowdall
- Department of Otolaryngology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ramon A Franco
- Division of Laryngology, Department of Otology and Laryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Lever TE, Brooks RT, Thombs LA, Littrell LL, Harris RA, Allen MJ, Kadosh MD, Robbins KL. Videofluoroscopic Validation of a Translational Murine Model of Presbyphagia. Dysphagia 2015; 30:328-42. [PMID: 25783697 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-015-9604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Presbyphagia affects approximately 40% of otherwise healthy people over 60 years of age. Hence, it is a condition of primary aging rather than a consequence of primary disease. This distinction warrants systematic investigations to understand the causal mechanisms of aging versus disease specifically on the structure and function of the swallowing mechanism. Toward this goal, we have been studying healthy aging C57BL/6 mice (also called B6), the most popular laboratory rodent for biomedical research. The goal of this study was to validate this strain as a model of presbyphagia for translational research purposes. We tested two age groups of B6 mice: young (4-7 months; n = 16) and old (18-21 months; n = 11). Mice underwent a freely behaving videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) protocol developed in our lab. VFSS videos (recorded at 30 frames per second) were analyzed frame-by-frame to quantify 15 swallow metrics. Six of the 15 swallow metrics were significantly different between young and old mice. Compared to young mice, old mice had significantly longer pharyngeal and esophageal transit times (p = 0.038 and p = 0.022, respectively), swallowed larger boluses (p = 0.032), and had a significantly higher percentage of ineffective primary esophageal swallows (p = 0.0405). In addition, lick rate was significantly slower for old mice, measured using tongue cycle rate (p = 0.0034) and jaw cycle rate (p = 0.0020). This study provides novel evidence that otherwise healthy aging B6 mice indeed develop age-related changes in swallow function resembling presbyphagia in humans. Specifically, aging B6 mice have a generally slow swallow that spans all stages of swallowing: oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal. The next step is to build upon this foundational work by exploring the responsible mechanisms of presbyphagia in B6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa E Lever
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive MA314, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA,
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Peterson JR, Watts CR, Morris JA, Shelton JM, Cooper BG. Laryngeal aging and acoustic changes in male rat ultrasonic vocalizations. Dev Psychobiol 2012; 55:818-28. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Peterson
- Department of Psychology; Texas Christian University; TCU Box 298920 Fort Worth, TX 76129
| | - Christopher R. Watts
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders; Texas Christian University; Fort Worth TX 76129
| | - Jesse A. Morris
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine; UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX 75390
| | - John M. Shelton
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine; UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Brenton G. Cooper
- Department of Psychology; Texas Christian University; TCU Box 298920 Fort Worth, TX 76129
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Korn GP, Martins JRM, Park SW, Mendes A, Kobayashi EY, Nader HB, De Biase NG. Concentration of hyaluronic acid in human vocal folds in young and old subjects. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011; 145:981-6. [PMID: 21873595 DOI: 10.1177/0194599811419457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare and evaluate concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA) in normal vocal folds of both young and elderly people of both sexes. STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING The research was carried out at the ENT, Head and Neck Surgery Department and the Pharmacology Institute of São Paulo Federal University. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plates coated with biotin-conjugated binding protein and streptavidin-europium conjugate were sequentially incubated with samples from the middle portion of the cover, vocal ligament, and vocal muscle of 19 young and 20 elderly subjects of both sexes. After the release of europium in an enhancement solution, final fluorescence was measured using a fluorometer. RESULTS Statistically significant comparisons: (1) all subject groups combined exhibited a higher HA concentration in the cover and ligament compared with the muscle samples; (2) women subjects had a significantly lower HA concentration in muscle compared with the ligament, and male subjects showed significantly lower HA in muscle compared with the cover; and (3) both genders of young subjects showed a higher HA concentration in ligament samples compared with the muscle. CONCLUSION HA concentrations are higher in the cover and ligament compared with the muscle in both genders and age groups, and there is a higher HA concentration in ligament compared with the muscle of young subjects of both genders. HA levels in the cover samples of younger women showed great variability that may relate to ovarian hormone levels, reflecting different phases of the menstrual cycle.
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Johns MM, Arviso LC, Ramadan F. Challenges and opportunities in the management of the aging voice. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011; 145:1-6. [PMID: 21521897 DOI: 10.1177/0194599811404640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Presbyphonia, or age-related dysphonia, is a diagnosis of exclusion, and other comorbidities must be considered in a complete evaluation of elderly patients with dysphonia. The aging voice can have a significant effect on the quality of life of the patient. In addition to the molecular effects of aging on the laryngeal tissues, the etiology of presbyphonia is often multifactorial because of comorbidities in the other organ systems involved in phonation. After a comprehensive evaluation, presbyphonia may be treated conservatively with voice therapy or with a range of interventions. Research into tissue engineering and electrical reanimation offers future options for treatment of presbyphonia. Currently, a multidisciplinary approach offers the most complete improvement in the vocal quality of life in this patient population.
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Kolachala VL, Berg EE, Shams S, Mukhatyar V, Sueblinvong V, Bellamkonda RV, Johns MM. The use of lipid microtubes as a novel slow-release delivery system for laryngeal injection. Laryngoscope 2011; 121:1237-43. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.21796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Roberts T, Morton R, Al-Ali S. Microstructure of the vocal fold in elderly humans. Clin Anat 2011; 24:544-51. [DOI: 10.1002/ca.21114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Evidence for heterozygous abnormalities of the elastin gene (ELN) affecting the quantity of vocal fold elastic fibers: a pilot study. J Voice 2010; 25:e85-90. [PMID: 20926252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of a heterozygous elastin gene (Eln) abnormality (deletion of one Eln allele) on the structural characteristics of the vocal fold lamina propria using a mouse model of human disease. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional between-subjects design. METHODS Five mice, four with heterozygous Eln deletions (Eln +/-) serving as an animal model for the human disease supravalvular aortic stenosis and one normal wild-type control (Eln +/+) were used for this study. Vocal folds were obtained from each animal and stained for the protein elastin using histochemical methods. Descriptive data from qualitative visual inspection and quantitative data from microscopic digital image analysis were collected to determine the staining density of elastic fibers within the vocal fold lamina propria. RESULTS Qualitative visual inspection revealed greater staining density (eg, a greater quantity) for elastic fibers in the Eln +/+ animal. Quantitative measurements using digital pixel analysis of staining density revealed significant differences between mice with the two genotypes, confirming the qualitative findings. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that Eln requires two functioning alleles for normal structural development of the vocal fold lamina propria. This pilot evidence supports the hypothesis of a structural etiology causing altered vocal function in humans with a similar genotype.
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Van Daele DJ. Quantitative PCR analysis of laryngeal muscle fiber types. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2010; 43:327-334. [PMID: 20430402 PMCID: PMC4530018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Voice and swallowing dysfunction as a result of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis can be improved with vocal fold injections or laryngeal framework surgery. However, denervation atrophy can cause late-term clinical failure. A major determinant of skeletal muscle physiology is myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression, and previous protein analyses have shown changes in laryngeal muscle fiber MyHC isoform with denervation. RNA analyses in this setting have not been performed, and understanding RNA levels will allow interventions better designed to reverse processes such as denervation in the future. Total RNA was extracted from bilateral rat thyroarytenoid (TA), posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA), and cricothyroid (CT) muscles in rats. Primers were designed using published MyHC isoform sequences. SYBR Green real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (SYBR-RT-PCR) was used for quantification. The electropherogram showed a clear separation of total RNA to 28S and 18S subunits. Melting curves illustrated single peaks for all type MyHC primers. All MyHC isoforms were identified in all muscles with various degrees of expression. Quantitative PCR is a sensitive method to detect MyHC isoforms in laryngeal muscle. Isoform expression using mRNA analysis was similar to previous analyses but showed some important differences. This technique can be used to quantitatively assess response to interventions targeted to maintain muscle bulk after denervation. LEARNING OUTCOMES (1) Readers will be able to describe the relationship between myosin heavy chain expression and muscle contractile properties. (2) Readers will be able to separate myosin heavy chain isoforms into slow and fast twitch phenotypes. (3) Readers will be able to describe differential muscle isoform expression between different laryngeal muscles. (4) Readers will be able to compare this study to other modalities of determining muscle fiber type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Van Daele
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Fry LT, Stemple JC, Andreatta RD, Harrison AL, Andrade FH. Effect of dystrophin deficiency on selected intrinsic laryngeal muscles of the mdx mouse. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2010; 53:633-647. [PMID: 20008680 DOI: 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/09-0010)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrinsic laryngeal muscles (ILM) show biological differences from the broader class of skeletal muscles. Yet most research regarding ILM specialization has been completed on a few muscles, most notably the thyroarytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid. Little information exists regarding the biology of other ILM. Early evidence suggests that the interarytenoid (IA) and cricothyroid (CT) may be more similar to classic skeletal muscle than their associated laryngeal muscles. Knowledge of the IA and CT's similarity or dissimilarity to typical skeletal muscle may hold implications for the treatment of dysphonia. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to further define IA and CT biology by examining their response to the biological challenge of dystrophin deficiency. METHOD Control and dystrophin-deficient superior cricoarytenoid (SCA; mouse counterpart of IA) and CT muscles were examined for fiber morphology, sarcolemmal integrity, and immunohistochemical detection of dystrophin. RESULTS Despite the absence of dystrophin, experimental muscles did not show disease markers. CONCLUSIONS The SCA and the CT appear spared in dystrophin-deficient mouse models. These laryngeal muscles possess specializations that separate them from typical skeletal muscle. Considered in light of previous research, the CT and IA may represent transitional form of muscle, evidencing properties of typical and specialized skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa T Fry
- Department of Communication Disorders, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
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A senescence accelerated mouse model to study aging in the larynx. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010; 142:879-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2009.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Age-related changes in the larynx lead to significant voice impairment and reduced quality of life. There is a need for aged animal models that have practical generation times to study the fundamental changes and new therapeutics for the aging voice. The senescence accelerated prone mouse strain (SAMP) animals experience rapid aging without any experimental manipulation. The main objective of this study was to demonstrate the use of senescence accelerated mice to study aging in the larynx. Study Design: Murine model. Setting: Department of Animal Resources, Emory University. Subjects and Methods: Larynges from five senescence accelerated prone mice, five normal aging senescence resistant mice, and five C57BL/6 mice were harvested and processed for paraffin sections. Histomorphometry was performed for assessment of collagen and hyaluronic acid distribution. In addition, frozen laryngeal tissue was harvested for transcriptional and translational assessment of collagen-1, using real-time polymerase chain reaction with specific primers and Western blots. Myofibroblast assessment was performed by immunostaining for the presence of α-smooth muscle actin. Results: The deposition of collagen increased at six months of age in the SAMP vocal fold, and the level of collagen-1 mRNA increased with age. The myofibroblast protein α-smooth muscle actin was also found at a higher concentration in the SAMP vocal tissue. In contrast, the levels of hyaluronic acid in the vocal folds of SAMP mice decreased with age when compared to age-matched C57BL/6 mice. Conclusion: SAMP mice show accelerated, age-related changes in the vocal fold that were evident at as early as six months of age. The use of senescence accelerated mice offers promise as a model to study age-related laryngeal changes.
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Yamashita M, Bless DM, Welham NV. Morphological and extracellular matrix changes following vocal fold injury in mice. Cells Tissues Organs 2010; 192:262-71. [PMID: 20516667 PMCID: PMC3114089 DOI: 10.1159/000315476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse experimental models are commonly utilized tools in biomedical research but remain underrepresented in vocal fold biology, presumably due to the small size of the larynx and limited description of the anatomical, cellular and extracellular composition of the vocal folds. In this study, we provide a whole-mount serial section-based histological description of vocal fold morphology of wild-type FVB strain mice, alongside a histological and immunohistochemical (IHC)-based quantitative analysis of extracellular matrix (ECM) alteration 1, 7, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days following unilateral vocal fold injury. IHC was specific for procollagen type I, collagen type I, collagen type III, collagen type IV, elastin, decorin, fibronectin and hyaluronic acid binding protein 2. The histological description confirmed the presence of a laryngeal alar structural complex in the mouse, which appears to be a morphological feature unique to rodents. The lamina propria appeared uniform without evidence of a distinct layer structure as has been reported in larger animals and humans. Time-dependent alterations in vocal fold morphology, ECM organization and ECM protein/glycoconjugate abundance were observed in injured vocal folds compared to control. The presence of a mature scar was observed between 28 and 42 days postinjury. Morphological and ECM changes following vocal fold injury in the mouse were generally consistent with those reported in other animal models, particularly the rat, although wound repair in the mouse appears to occur at a faster rate. Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Yamashita
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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Kolachala VL, Henriquez OA, Shams S, Golub JS, Kim YT, Laroui H, Torres-Gonzalez E, Brigham KL, Rojas M, Bellamkonda RV, Johns MM. Slow-release nanoparticle-encapsulated delivery system for laryngeal injection. Laryngoscope 2010; 120:988-94. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.20856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Watts CR, Marler JA, Rousseau B. Qualitative characterization of elastic fiber distribution in the mouse vocal fold: further development of an animal model. J Voice 2010; 25:e1-6. [PMID: 20137895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the presence and characteristics of the distribution patterns of elastic fibers in a 15-week-old C57BL/6J mouse vocal fold, to confirm the presence and distribution of collagen fibers, and to describe potential gender differences in staining patterns, with the aim of further developing the mouse model for use in translational research of vocal fold physiological mechanisms. The vocal folds from 12 mice, divided equally into gender categories, were stained for elastic fibers and collagen fibers using conventional staining methods. Qualitative (subjective) visual analyses were performed by identifying the staining density of elastic and collagen fibers in the superficial half and deep half of the vocal fold lamina propria. Analyses revealed the presence of elastic fibers in both male and female vocal folds, although patterns of staining density were heavy in the deep half of the lamina propria, a location that is deeper than the greatest concentrations of elastic fibers in human vocal folds. Collagen fibers were also present in locations similar to those within human vocal folds, consistent with previously published data. The results of this study support the use of the mouse model in translational and basic science research, and this model may be especially useful for research aimed at furthering our knowledge of genetic influences on vocal fold structural development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Watts
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, USA.
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Thomas LB, Stemple JC, Andreatta RD, Andrade FH. Establishing a new animal model for the study of laryngeal biology and disease: an anatomic study of the mouse larynx. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2009; 52:802-811. [PMID: 18806215 DOI: 10.1044/1092-4388(2008/08-0087)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Animal models have contributed greatly to the study of voice, permitting the examination of laryngeal biology and the testing of surgical, medical, and behavioral interventions. Various models have been used. However, until recently, the mouse (Mus musculus) has not been used in laryngeal research, and features of the mouse larynx have not been defined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to qualitatively describe mouse laryngeal anatomy in relation to known human anatomy. METHODS Larynges of 7 C57BL mice were examined and photographed under stereotactic and light microscopy. RESULTS The authors found that mouse laryngeal organization was similar to that of humans. The hyoid bone and epiglottal, thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid cartilages were identified. An additional cartilage was present ventrally. Thyroarytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, and cricothyroid muscles were grossly positioned as in humans. Interarytenoid muscles were not present; however, a functional counterpart was identified. CONCLUSIONS The authors provide an initial description of mouse laryngeal anatomy. Because of its amenability to genetic engineering, the mouse is the premiere model for the study of disease and the testing of interventions. Introduction of the mouse model for laryngeal study offers a tool for the study of normal laryngeal cell biology and tissue response to disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B Thomas
- Department of Communication Disorders, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
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Yamashita M, Bless DM, Welham NV. Surgical method to create vocal fold injuries in mice. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2009; 118:131-8. [PMID: 19326764 DOI: 10.1177/000348940911800209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to develop a surgical method for the creation of vocal fold injuries in mice, as a precursor to the use of genetically engineered mouse models in the study of vocal fold wound healing and scar formation. METHODS Seven FVB strain mice were used in this study. A laryngoscope and 3 micro-instruments were designed and fabricated to facilitate endoscopic vocal fold visualization and the creation of vocal fold surgical injuries. The larynges were harvested 1 and 7 days after surgery, and the vocal fold injury sites were evaluated by routine hematoxylin and eosin staining. Additional immunohistochemical analysis of collagen type I and elastin distribution in the lamina propria was performed for an uninjured control larynx. RESULTS Endoscopic visualization and vocal fold stripping resulting in thyroarytenoid muscle exposure were successful in all animals. Histologic and immunohistochemical analyses revealed a simple lamina propria structure with relatively even collagen type I and elastin distribution in the control vocal fold, obliteration of vocal fold mucosa 1 day after surgery, and complete reepithelialization by 7 days. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the feasibility of creating reproducible vocal fold injuries via an endoscopic approach in mice. The observation that the mouse lamina propria may have a relatively simple histologic structure indicates that additional characterization should be performed and caution used in translating findings between this and other model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Yamashita
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Normal human vocal fold fibroblast (hVFF) primary cell lines are unavailable commercially and are very difficult to acquire, subsequently little is known about their characteristics. The purpose of this study was to compare the morphological and proliferation characteristics and gene expression of hVFFs from different aged donors. STUDY DESIGN In vitro. METHODS We developed three normal hVFF primary cell lines from donors aged 21 (21T), 59 (59T) and 79 (79T) years. We characterized their morphological features, proliferative abilities, telomere lengths, and their functional gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS The 21T line maintained a typical spindle shape until passage 14 whereas 59T and 79T changed morphology to wider, shorter cells at passage 7. Proliferation rates were constant for the 21T through passage 14; 59T's proliferative half-life was passage 9, whereas 79T maintained lower proliferation rates from passage 4. Gene expression levels for fibronectin, collagen I, collagen VI, procollagen I and elastin demonstrated similar patterns for all lines, however, relative amounts decreased with the age of donor. Telomere lengths did not show differences related with donor age. CONCLUSIONS hVFF primary cultures have limited proliferative capacity. The morphology, proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression levels of VFF can be affected by age, but senescence patterns were similar across the ages.
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