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Yu Z, Nian C, Sun W, Liu X, Nian X. Elevated serum HE4 levels as a novel biomarker of disease severity and hepatic fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 559:119682. [PMID: 38643819 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) has been identified as a biomarker for renal fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate the role of HE4 in the diagnosis and determination of disease severity and hepatic fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). METHODS Serum HE4 levels were determined via electrochemiluminescence immunoassays in 60 healthy controls and 109 AIH patients (43 without liver cirrhosis and 66 with liver cirrhosis). Liver biopsy was performed on 56 of 109 enrolled patients. We conducted a 5-year follow-up survey of 53 enrolled patients. All continuous variables were reported as median (25th-75th percentile). RESULTS Serum HE4 levels were significantly elevated in autoimmune hepatitis with liver cirrhosis (AIH-LC) patients compared with AIH patients and healthy controls [98.60 (74.15-139.08) vs 73.50 (59.88-82.00) vs 48.75 (43.38-52.93) pmol/L, p = 0.004]. The serum HE4 levels showed a positive correlation with the METAVIR scoring system in patients with liver biopsy (r = 0.711, p < 0.001). Serum HE4 levels were significantly elevated in Child-Pugh class C patients compared with Child-Pugh class B patients and Child-Pugh class A patients [106.50 (83.46-151.25) vs 110.00 (73.83-166.75) vs 77.03 (72.35-83.33) pmol/L, p = 0.006]. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of serum HE4 for evaluating liver cirrhosis were 69.7 % and 79.07 %, respectively, with a cutoff value of 82.34 pmol/L in enrolled patients. The logistic regression analysis showed that high levels of HE4 (≥82.34 pmol/L) were associated with AIH-LC (OR = 8.751, 95 % CI = 1.412-54.225, p = 0.020). The Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that high levels of serum HE4 (≥82.34 pmol/L) were associated with poor outcome (log-rank p = 0.037, HR = 0.372, 95 % CI = 0.146-0.946). CONCLUSIONS Serum HE4 levels were found to be elevated in AIH-LC patients and exhibited a strong correlation with the severity of hepatic fibrosis, thus supporting their potential clinical value as a novel biomarker of disease severity and hepatic fibrosis in AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated with the Medical College of Qingdao, Yantai, Shandong 264200, China
| | - Caina Nian
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Yantai Municipal Laiyang Central Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 265200, China
| | - Wenmei Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated with the Medical College of Qingdao, Yantai, Shandong 264200, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated with the Medical College of Qingdao, Yantai, Shandong 264200, China.
| | - Xueyuan Nian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated with the Medical College of Qingdao, Yantai, Shandong 264200, China.
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Takemura K, Nakamae M, Okamura H, Sakatoku K, Ido K, Makuuchi Y, Kuno M, Takakuwa T, Hirose A, Nishimoto M, Nakashima Y, Koh H, Igarashi K, Kubota H, Hino M, Nakamae H. Autotaxin is a potential predictive marker for the development of veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1705-1715. [PMID: 38494552 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (VOD/SOS) is a life-threatening complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), and stratification of the high-risk group before transplantation is significant. Serum autotaxin (ATX) levels have been reported to increase in patients with liver fibrosis caused by metabolic inhibition from liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Considering that the pathophysiology of VOD/SOS begins with liver sinusoidal endothelial cell injury, an increase in serum ATX levels may precede the onset of VOD/SOS. A retrospective study with 252 patients, including 12 patients with VOD/SOS, who had received allo-HCT was performed. The cumulative incidence of VOD/SOS was higher in the group with serum ATX levels before conditioning (baseline ATX) above the upper reference limit (high ATX group, p < 0.001), and 1-year cumulative incidences were 22.7% (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 3.1-42.4%) and 3.5% (95%CI, 1.1-5.8%), respectively. In the multivariate analysis, elevated baseline ATX was identified as an independent risk factor for VOD/SOS development and showed an additive effect on the predictive ability of known risk factors. Furthermore, the incidence of VOD/SOS-related mortality was greater in the high ATX group (16.7% vs. 1.3%; p = 0.005). Serum ATX is a potential predictive marker for the development of VOD/SOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Takemura
- Department of Central Clinical Laboratory, Osaka Metropolitan University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mika Nakamae
- Department of Central Clinical Laboratory, Osaka Metropolitan University Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Hematology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Informatics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Okamura
- Department of Hematology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Informatics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sakatoku
- Department of Hematology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ido
- Department of Central Clinical Laboratory, Osaka Metropolitan University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Informatics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yosuke Makuuchi
- Department of Hematology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatomo Kuno
- Department of Hematology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Teruhito Takakuwa
- Department of Hematology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asao Hirose
- Department of Hematology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Nishimoto
- Department of Hematology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakashima
- Department of Hematology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideo Koh
- Department of Hematology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Igarashi
- Bioscience Division, Tosoh Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kubota
- Department of Central Clinical Laboratory, Osaka Metropolitan University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hino
- Department of Central Clinical Laboratory, Osaka Metropolitan University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Informatics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Nakamae
- Department of Central Clinical Laboratory, Osaka Metropolitan University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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3
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Uranbileg B, Sakai E, Kubota M, Isago H, Sumitani M, Yatomi Y, Kurano M. Development of an advanced liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry measurement system for simultaneous sphingolipid analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5699. [PMID: 38459112 PMCID: PMC10923881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56321-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based lipidomics approaches offer valuable tools for the detection and quantification of various lipid species, including sphingolipids. The present study aimed to develop a new method to simultaneously detect various sphingolipid species that applies to diverse biological samples. We developed and validated a measurement system by employing a single-column liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system utilizing a normal-phase separation mode with positive ionization. The measurement system provided precision with a coefficient of variant below 20% for sphingolipids in all types of samples, and we observed good linearity in diluted serum samples. This system can measure the following sphingolipids: sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), sphingosine (Sph), dihydroS1P (dhS1P), dihydroSph (dhSph), ceramide 1-phosphate (Cer1P), hexosylceramide (HexCer), lactosylceramide (LacCer), dh-ceramide, deoxy-ceramide, deoxy-dh-ceramide, and sphingomyelin (SM). By measuring these sphingolipids in cell lysates where S1P lyase expression level was modulated, we could observe significant and dynamic modulations of sphingolipids in a comprehensive manner. Our newly established and validated measurement system can simultaneously measure many kinds of sphingolipids in biological samples. It holds great promise as a valuable tool for laboratory testing applications to detect overall modulations of sphingolipids, which have been proposed to be involved in pathogenesis processes in a series of elegant basic research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baasanjav Uranbileg
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Eri Sakai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Nihon Waters K.K., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hideaki Isago
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sumitani
- Department of Pain and Palliative Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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Yaginuma S, Omi J, Kano K, Aoki J. Lysophospholipids and their producing enzymes: Their pathological roles and potential as pathological biomarkers. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108415. [PMID: 37061204 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that lysophospholipids (LPL) serve as lipid mediators that exert their diverse pathophysiological functions via G protein-coupled receptors. These include lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS) and lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI). Unlike S1P, which is produced intracellularly and secreted from various cell types, some LPLs, such as LPA, LysoPS and LPI, are produced in lesions, especially under pathological conditions, where they positively or negatively regulate disease progression through their autacoid-like actions. Although these LPLs are minor components of the cell membrane, recent developments in mass spectrometry techniques have made it possible to detect and quantify them in a variety of biological fluids, including plasma, serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. The synthetic enzymes of LPA and LysoPS are also present in these biological fluids, which also can be detected by antibody-based methods. Importantly, their levels have been found to dramatically increase during various pathological conditions. Thus, LPLs and their synthetic enzymes in these biological fluids are potential biomarkers. This review discusses the potential of these LPLs and LPL-related molecules as pathological biomarkers, including methods and problems in their measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yaginuma
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jumpei Omi
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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Honda Y, Yoneda M, Kobayashi T, Iwaki M, Kawamura N, Nogami A, Kessoku T, Ogawa Y, Tomeno W, Imajo K, Horita N, Saito S, Kaneko T, Nakajima A. Meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of serum type IV collagen 7S concentration for the staging of liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Res 2023; 53:219-227. [PMID: 36378589 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the measurement of serum type IV collagen 7S (T4C7S) concentration for the staging of liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS A systematic search or published works was carried out using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science Core Collection databases for studies of the accuracy of serum T4C7S concentration for the staging of fibrosis using Fibrosis stage (F)0-4 in patients with NAFLD diagnosed by liver biopsy. RESULTS Nine articles describing 1475 participants with NAFLD were included. For fibrosis ≥F1, with n = 849, summary estimates of sensitivity of 0.79, specificity of 0.69, and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 were obtained using a median T7C4S cut-off value of 4.6 ng/ml. For fibrosis ≥F2, with n = 1,090, summary estimates of sensitivity of 0.78, specificity of 0.78, and AUC of 0.84 were obtained using a median cut-off value of 4.9 ng/ml. For fibrosis ≥F3, with n = 1311 participants and a median cut-off value of 5.4 ng/ml, a pooled sensitivity of 0.82, specificity of 0.81, and AUC of 0.83 were obtained. For fibrosis ≥F4, with n = 753 and a median cut-off value of 6.6 ng/ml, a pooled sensitivity of 0.85, specificity of 0.81, and AUC of 0.85 were obtained. CONCLUSIONS Serum T4C7S concentration was found to be an accurate method of staging liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Asako Nogami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Wataru Tomeno
- Department of Gastroenterology, International University of Health and Welfare Atami Hospital, Atami, Japan
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Horita
- Chemotherapy Center, Yokohama City University Hospital Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kaneko
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Tsuchida Y, Shoda H, Sawada T, Fujio K. Role of autotaxin in systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1166343. [PMID: 37122329 PMCID: PMC10130763 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1166343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the production of various autoantibodies and deposition of immune complexes. SLE is a heterogenous disease, and the pattern of organ involvement and response to treatment differs significantly among patients. Novel biological markers are necessary to assess the extent of organ involvement and predict treatment response in SLE. Lysophosphatidic acid is a lysophospholipid involved in various biological processes, and autotaxin (ATX), which catalyzes the production of lysophosphatidic acid in the extracellular space, has gained attention in various diseases as a potential biomarker. The concentration of ATX is increased in the serum and urine of patients with SLE and lupus nephritis. Recent evidence suggests that ATX produced by plasmacytoid dendritic cells may play an important role in the immune system and pathogenesis of SLE. Furthermore, the production of ATX is associated with type I interferons, a key cytokine in SLE pathogenesis, and ATX may be a potential biomarker and key molecule in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Tsuchida
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yumi Tsuchida,
| | - Hirofumi Shoda
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Sawada
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Shimura T, Kurano M, Okamoto K, Jubishi D, Hashimoto H, Kano K, Igarashi K, Shimamoto S, Aoki J, Moriya K, Yatomi Y. Decrease in serum levels of autotaxin in COVID-19 patients. Ann Med 2022; 54:3189-3200. [PMID: 36369824 PMCID: PMC9665086 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2143554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In order to identify therapeutic targets in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is important to identify molecules involved in the biological responses that are modulated in COVID-19. Lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) are involved in the pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis are one of the candidate molecules. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the serum levels of autotaxin (ATX), which are enzymes involved in the synthesis of lysophosphatidic acids. MATERIAL AND METHODS We enrolled 134 subjects with COVID-19 and 58 normal healthy subjects for the study. We measured serum ATX levels longitudinally in COVID-19 patients and investigated the time course and the association with severity and clinical parameters. RESULTS The serum ATX levels were reduced in all patients with COVID-19, irrespective of the disease severity, and were negatively associated with the serum CRP, D-dimer, and anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody levels. DISCUSSION Considering the biological properties of LPAs in the pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, modulation of ATX might be compensatory biological responses to suppress immunological overreaction especially in the lung, which is an important underlying mechanism for the mortality of the disease. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 patients showed a decrease in the serum levels of ATX, irrespective of the disease severity. Key MessagesAutotaxin (ATX) is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which has been reported to be involved in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Patients with COVID-19 show decrease in the serum levels of ATX. Modulation of ATX might be compensatory biological responses to suppress immunological overreaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Shimura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh Okamoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Jubishi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Igarashi
- Bioscience Division, TOSOH Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoji Moriya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Qiu H, Song E, Hu Y, Li T, Ku KC, Wang C, Cheung BMY, Cheong LY, Wang Q, Wu X, Hoo RLC, Wang Y, Xu A. Hepatocyte-Secreted Autotaxin Exacerbates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Through Autocrine Inhibition of the PPARα/FGF21 Axis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:1003-1023. [PMID: 35931383 PMCID: PMC9490100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has reached epidemic proportions globally as a result of the rapid increase in obesity. However, there is no Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapy available for NAFLD. This study investigated the role of autotaxin, a secreted enzyme that hydrolyzes lysophosphatidylcholine to produce lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and to explore whether genetic or pharmacologic interventions targeting autotaxin ameliorate NAFLD. METHODS The clinical association of autotaxin with the severity of NAFLD was analyzed in 125 liver biopsy-proven NAFLD patients. C57BL/6N mice or fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21)-null mice were fed a high-fat diet or a choline-deficient diet to investigate the role of the autotaxin-FGF21 axis in NAFLD development by hepatic knockdown and antibody neutralization. Huh7 cells were used to investigate the autocrine effects of autotaxin. RESULTS Serum autotaxin levels were associated positively with histologic scores and NAFLD severity. Hepatocytes, but not adipocytes, were the major contributor to increased circulating autotaxin in both patients and mouse models with NAFLD. In mice, knocking-down hepatic autotaxin or treatment with a neutralizing antibody against autotaxin significantly reduced high-fat diet-induced NAFLD and high fat- and choline-deficient diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis, accompanied by a marked increase of serum FGF21. Mechanistically, autotaxin inhibited the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α through LPA-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinas, thereby leading to suppression of hepatic FGF21 production. The therapeutic benefit of anti-autotaxin neutralizing antibody against NAFLD was abrogated in FGF21-null mice. CONCLUSIONS Liver-secreted autotaxin acts in an autocrine manner to exacerbate NAFLD through LPA-induced suppression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α-FGF21 axis and is a promising therapeutic target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Erfei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kam Ching Ku
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cunchuan Wang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bernard M Y Cheung
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lai Yee Cheong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruby L C Hoo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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9
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Isshiki T, Shimizu H, Sakamoto S, Yamasaki A, Miyoshi S, Nakamura Y, Homma S, Kishi K. Serum autotaxin levels in chronic disease and acute exacerbation of fibrosing interstitial lung disease. ERJ Open Res 2022; 8:00683-2021. [PMID: 35415191 PMCID: PMC8995540 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00683-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autotaxin (ATX) is an ecto-enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of lysophospholipids to the lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). LPA/ATX signalling has emerged as a new therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis; however, the serum levels and dynamics of ATX during the clinical course of fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD) remain unknown. This study sought to examine the serum ATX levels in fibrosing ILD in the chronic phase and in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF). We aimed to elucidate the association between serum ATX level and clinical characteristics including disease progression and prognosis. Methods In total, 119 patients with fibrosing ILD and 38 healthy volunteers as controls were enrolled in the study and their serum ATX activity was analysed. We also included six male patients with AE-IPF in order to analyse the changes in serum ATX at the onset of AE-IPF. Results Patients with fibrosing ILD showed significantly higher serum ATX levels compared with healthy controls in both sexes. Per cent change in forced vital capacity after 1 year correlated with serum ATX levels in female patients. High serum ATX levels (>0.721 mg· L−1) were associated with worse outcome in survival curve and multivariate analysis of male patients. Serum ATX activity decreased after the onset of AE-IPF. Conclusion Serum ATX levels were significantly higher in patients with fibrosing ILD compared with healthy controls, and this was associated with disease progression and outcome. This suggests the potential of serum ATX as a promising biomarker for the treatment of fibrosing ILD. Serum ATX levels are higher in fibrosing ILD than in healthy controls; this is associated with disease progression and outcome. Serum ATX levels decrease at the onset of AE-IPF.https://bit.ly/3hLR9jN
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Plasma Concentrations of Lysophosphatidic Acid and Autotaxin in Abstinent Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder and Comorbid Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091207. [PMID: 34572393 PMCID: PMC8469650 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an endogenous lysophospholipid and a bioactive lipid that is synthesized by the enzyme autotaxin (ATX). The ATX-LPA axis has been associated with cognitive dysfunction and inflammatory diseases, mainly in a range of nonalcoholic liver diseases. Recently, preclinical and clinical evidence has suggested a role of LPA signaling in alcohol use disorder (AUD) and AUD-related cognitive function. However, the ATX-LPA axis has not been sufficiently investigated in alcoholic liver diseases. An exploratory study was conducted in 136 participants, 66 abstinent patients with AUD seeking treatment for alcohol (alcohol group), and 70 healthy control subjects (control group). The alcohol group was divided according to the presence of comorbid liver diseases (i.e., fatty liver/steatosis, alcoholic steatohepatitis, or cirrhosis). All participants were clinically evaluated, and plasma concentrations of total LPA and ATX were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Data were primarily analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) while controlling for age, body mass index, and sex. Logistic regression models were created to assess the association of the ATX-LPA axis and AUD or liver disease. LPA and ATX were log10-transformed to fit the assumptions of parametric testing.The main results were as follows: total LPA and ATX concentrations were dysregulated in the alcohol group, and patients with AUD had significantly lower LPA (F(1,131) = 10.677, p = 0.001) and higher ATX (F(1,131) = 8.327, p = 0.005) concentrations than control subjects; patients with AUD and liver disease had significantly higher ATX concentrations (post hoc test, p < 0.05) than patients with AUD but not liver disease; significant correlations between AUD-related variables and concentrations of LPA and ATX were only found in the non-liver disease subgroup (the duration of alcohol abstinence with LPA and ATX (r = +0.33, p < 0.05); and the severity of AUD with ATX (rho = -0.33, p < 0.05)); and a logistic regression model with LPA, ATX, and AUD-related variables showed an excellent discriminative power (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.915, p < 0.001) for distinguishing patients with AUD and comorbid liver disease. In conclusion, our data show that the ATX-LPA axis is dysregulated in AUD and suggest this lipid signaling, in combination with relevant AUD-related variables, as a reliable biomarker of alcoholic liver diseases.
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11
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Inhibition of autotaxin by bile salts and bile salt-like molecules increases its expression by feedback regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166239. [PMID: 34389475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autotaxin is an enzyme that converts lysophospholipid into lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a highly potent signaling molecule through a range of LPA receptors. It is therefore important to investigate which factors play a role in regulating ATX expression. Since we have reported that ATX levels increase dramatically in patients with various forms of cholestasis, we embarked on a study to reveal factors that influence the enzyme activity ATX as well as its expression level in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Bile from cholestatic patients was fractionated by HPLC and analyzed for modulation of ATX activity. ATX expression was measured in fibroblasts upon stimulation or inhibition of LPA signaling. RESULTS Surprisingly, ATX activity was stimulated by most forms of its product LPA, but it was inhibited by bile salts and bile salt-like molecules, particularly by 3-OH sulfated bile salts and sulfated progesterone metabolites that are known to accumulate during chronic cholestasis and cholestasis of pregnancy, respectively. Activation of fibroblasts by LPA decreased ATX expression by 72%. Conversely, inhibition of LPA signaling increased ATX expression 3-fold, indicating strong feedback regulation by LPA signaling. In fibroblasts, we could verify that inhibition of ATX activity by bile salts induces its expression. Furthermore, induction of cholestasis in mice causes increased plasma ATX activity. CONCLUSIONS Multiple biliary compounds that accumulate in the systemic circulation during cholestasis inhibit ATX activity and thereby increase ATX expression through feedback regulation. This mechanism may contribute to increased serum ATX activity in patients with cholestasis.
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12
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El-Gendy ZA, El-Marasy SA, Ahmed RF, El-Batran SA, Abd El-Rahman SS, Ramadan A, Youssef SAH. Hepatoprotective effect of Saccharomyces Cervisciae Cell Wall Extract against thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07159. [PMID: 34159266 PMCID: PMC8203708 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis represents a common outcome of almost all chronic liver diseases and leads to an impairment of liver function that requires medical intervention. The current study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-fibrotic effect of Saccharomyces cervisciae cell wall extract (SCCWE) against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis in rats (200mg/kg b.w. i.p. twice weekly for 6 weeks) using Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) as a reference anti-fibrotic product. SCCWE at two doses (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated the rise in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamide transferase (GGT) activities, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin, increased total protein and albumin. SCCWE significantly reduced glutathione depletion (GSH), Nitric oxide (NOx) and malondialdehyde (MDA), thioredoxin (Trx) contents and elevated nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf-2) content. Its anti-inflammatory effects were confirmed by observing a decrease in nuclear factor-κB (NF- κβ), interleukin-1b (IL-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) content. The anti-fibrotic effects of SCCWE were explored by assessing fibrosis related markers as it significantly reduced transform growth factor-β (TGF-β) and autotaxin (ATX) contents. Administration of SCCWE significantly decreased matrix metalloproteinase-3 and 9 (MMP-3 and -9). Furthermore, it also decreased alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and caspase-3 as assessed immunohistochemically those results were similar to that of the standard drug UDCA. This study shows that SCCWE protects against TAA-induced liver fibrosis in rats, through attenuating oxidative stress, and inflammation, ameliorating MMPs, combating apoptosis and thereby fibrotic biomarkers in addition to improving histopathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rania F Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Sahar S Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - A Ramadan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - S A H Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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13
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Takemura K, Takizawa E, Tamori A, Nakamae M, Kubota H, Uchida-Kobayashi S, Enomoto M, Kawada N, Hino M. Association of serum autotaxin levels with liver fibrosis in patients pretreatment and posttreatment with chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:217-224. [PMID: 32453907 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The evaluation of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is important as it is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. In the recent years, autotaxin (ATX) has been established as a new noninvasive biomarker to predict liver fibrosis. However, antiviral treatment has been reported to decrease serum ATX, but it is unclear whether posttreatment ATX levels reflect liver fibrosis. In the present study, the correlation between ATX and liver fibrosis in pretreatment and posttreatment patients with HCV infection was analyzed. METHODS A total of 199 samples from 136 patients with HCV infection who had undergone hepatic biopsy before and/or after antiviral treatment at Osaka City University Hospital were used. Posttreatment patients included 38 interferon-treated patients and 80 interferon-free direct-acting antiviral-treated patients; all patients achieved a sustained virological response (SVR). Serum ATX levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay with an AIA-2000 analyzer. RESULTS Serum ATX levels were largely correlated with liver fibrosis stage in patients with HCV infection before and after antiviral treatment. The measured values decreased even in similar liver fibrosis stages after treatment. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the ability of ATX to diagnose above F2 stage before treatment was 0.81 (both male and female) and that after achieving SVR, it was 0.71 (male) and 0.72 (female). CONCLUSIONS Serum ATX levels were correlated with histological liver fibrosis stage after achieving SVR. However, separate cutoff values before and after antiviral therapy should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Takemura
- Department of Central Clinical Laboratory, Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Etsuko Takizawa
- Department of Central Clinical Laboratory, Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tamori
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mika Nakamae
- Department of Central Clinical Laboratory, Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kubota
- Department of Central Clinical Laboratory, Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Masaru Enomoto
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hino
- Department of Central Clinical Laboratory, Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Hou Y, Li F, Chen J, Zhao J, Li D, Chen H. Clinical significance of serum human epididymis protein 4 in liver fibrosis: An experimental study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23428. [PMID: 33235124 PMCID: PMC7710237 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) has been identified as marker for renal fibrosis. Present study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of serum HE4 in liver fibrosis. METHODS Serum from 65 liver fibrosis patients, 68 hepatic patients without fibrosis, and 50 controls was collected respectively. Serum HE4 levels were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay and compared among the groups. The relationships between serum HE4 levels and the clinical characteristics of liver fibrosis were also analyzed. A receiver operator characteristic curve was plotted to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of serum HE4 for liver fibrosis. Child-Pugh (C-P) score and liver fibrosis score were also evaluated. Data were analyzed by statistical software 13.0. RESULTS Serum HE4 levels were significantly higher in liver fibrosis than that of controls [105.35 (82.64, 164.18) vs 46.2 (39.9, 58.9) pmol L, P = .00] and hepatic patients without liver fibrosis [105.35 (82.64, 164.18) vs 51.00 (44.02, 65.65) pmol L, P < .01]; Serum HE4 levels in liver fibrosis patients with C-P class C were significantly higher than those with C-P class A [143.75 (106.50, 186.08) vs 81.42 (69.73, 99.26) pmol L, P = .005] and C-P class B [143.75 (106.50, 186.08) vs 113.10 (88.92, 169.50) pmol L, P = .01]; the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of serum HE4 levels for liver fibrosis detection were 87.5% and 81.1%, at a cutoff value of 69 pmol L; Serum HE4 levels in alcoholic liver fibrosis were higher than that of liver fibrosis with hepatitis B virus infection [131.30 (100.67, 228.35) vs 89.46 (73.74, 116.45) pmol L, P < .01]. CONCLUSION Serum HE4 was closely correlated with C-P class and might be a potential marker for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jinqiu Zhao
- Department of infectious Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Takemura K, Takizawa E, Tamori A, Nakamae M, Kubota H, Uchida-Kobayashi S, Enomoto M, Kawada N, Hino M. Post-Treatment M2BPGi Level and the Rate of Autotaxin Reduction are Predictive of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development after Antiviral Therapy in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4517. [PMID: 32630450 PMCID: PMC7350226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) regardless of achieving a sustained viral response (SVR). Because advanced liver fibrosis is a powerful risk factor for HCC, we analyzed the association between autotaxin (ATX), a liver fibrosis marker, and post-SVR HCC development within 3 years after antiviral treatment. We included 670 patients with HCV who received direct-acting antivirals, achieved SVR and were followed up for at least 6 months (270 of them were followed up for 3 years or more). We measured serum ATX levels before treatment and 12/24 weeks after treatment. The diagnosis of HCC was based on imaging modalities, such as dynamic computed tomography and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging and/or liver biopsy. The present study revealed that high levels of serum ATX predicted post-SVR HCC development (area under the receiver operating characteristic: 0.70-0.76). However, Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2 binding protein (M2BPGi), another liver fibrosis marker, was a more useful predictive marker especially post-treatment according to a multivariate analysis. Patients with a high rate of ATX reduction before and after antiviral treatment did not develop HCC regardless of high pretreatment ATX levels. In conclusion, post-treatment M2BPGi level and the combination of pretreatment ATX levels and rate of ATX reduction were useful predictive markers for post-SVR HCC development in patients with chronic HCV infection.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antigens, Neoplasm/blood
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/etiology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Female
- Hepacivirus/pathogenicity
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/metabolism
- Humans
- Liver Cirrhosis/complications
- Liver Neoplasms/etiology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/blood
- Middle Aged
- Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/blood
- Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism
- Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/physiology
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Takemura
- Department of Central Clinical Laboratory, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 545-8586, Japan; (K.T.); (E.T.); (M.N.); (H.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Etsuko Takizawa
- Department of Central Clinical Laboratory, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 545-8586, Japan; (K.T.); (E.T.); (M.N.); (H.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Akihiro Tamori
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (S.U.-K.); (M.E.); (N.K.)
| | - Mika Nakamae
- Department of Central Clinical Laboratory, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 545-8586, Japan; (K.T.); (E.T.); (M.N.); (H.K.); (M.H.)
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kubota
- Department of Central Clinical Laboratory, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 545-8586, Japan; (K.T.); (E.T.); (M.N.); (H.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Sawako Uchida-Kobayashi
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (S.U.-K.); (M.E.); (N.K.)
| | - Masaru Enomoto
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (S.U.-K.); (M.E.); (N.K.)
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (S.U.-K.); (M.E.); (N.K.)
| | - Masayuki Hino
- Department of Central Clinical Laboratory, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 545-8586, Japan; (K.T.); (E.T.); (M.N.); (H.K.); (M.H.)
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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16
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Morita Y, Kurano M, Morita E, Shimamoto S, Igarashi K, Sawabe M, Aoki J, Yatomi Y. Urinary autotaxin concentrations are associated with kidney injury. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 509:156-165. [PMID: 32540127 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While basic researches have shown the involvement of the autotaxin-lysophosphatidic acid (ATX-LPA) axis in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, no clinical studies have revealed the association between urinary ATX concentrations and kidney disease yet. We investigate the clinical characteristics in relation to the urinary ATX concentrations and the potential association between urinary ATX concentrations and various kidney diseases. METHODS We measured the urinary ATX concentrations in residual urine samples after routine clinical testing from a total of 326 subjects with various kidney diseases and healthy subjects. We compared the urinary ATX concentrations in relation to clinical parameters and urinary biomarkers, and investigated their association with various kidney diseases. RESULTS The urinary ATX concentrations were associated with the gender, eGFR, presence/absence of hematuria, serum ATX, urinary concentrations of total protein (TP), microalbumin, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), α1-microglobulin (α1-MG), and transforming growth factor-β. Multiple regression analyses identified urinary α1-MG, age, urinary TP, NAG, and hematuria as being significantly associated with the urinary ATX concentrations. Urinary ATX concentrations were higher in subjects with membranous nephropathy and systemic lupus erythematosus than in the control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Urinary ATX might be associated with pathological conditions of the kidney associated with kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Morita
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Eriko Morita
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Koji Igarashi
- Bioscience Division, TOSOH Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motoji Sawabe
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Fujii H, Kawada N. The Role of Insulin Resistance and Diabetes in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113863. [PMID: 32485838 PMCID: PMC7312931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) consists of the entire spectrum of fatty liver disease in patients without significant alcohol consumption, ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to cirrhosis, with NASH recently shown as an important cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There is a close relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and NAFLD, with a five-fold higher prevalence of NAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) compared to that in patients without T2DM. IR is involved in the progression of disease conditions such as steatosis and NASH, as well as hepatic fibrosis progression. The mechanisms underlying these processes involve genetic factors, hepatic fat accumulation, alterations in energy metabolism, and inflammatory signals derived from various cell types including immune cells. In NASH-associated fibrosis, the principal cell type responsible for extracellular matrix production is the hepatic stellate cell (HSC). HSC activation by IR involves “direct” and “indirect” pathways. This review will describe the molecular mechanisms of inflammation and hepatic fibrosis in IR, the relationship between T2DM and hepatic fibrosis, and the relationship between T2DM and HCC in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Fujii
- Department of Premier Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan;
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6645-3897
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18
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Dhillon AK, Kremer AE, Kummen M, Boberg KM, Elferink RPO, Karlsen TH, Beuers U, Vesterhus M, Hov JR. Autotaxin activity predicts transplant-free survival in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8450. [PMID: 31186435 PMCID: PMC6559994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin has been associated with liver disease severity and transplant-free survival. This study aimed to validate autotaxin as a biomarker in two cohorts of Norwegian large-duct PSC patients, one discovery panel (n = 165) and one validation panel (n = 87). Serum activity of autotaxin was measured in diluted sera by a fluorometric enzymatic assay. Patients reaching an end-point, liver transplantation or death, (discovery panel: n = 118 [71.5%]; validation panel: n = 35 [40.2%]), showed higher autotaxin activity compared with the other patients, P < 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses showed a strong association between increasing autotaxin activity and shorter liver transplant-free survival (discovery panel: P < 0.001, validation panel: P = 0.001). There was no relationship between autotaxin activity and the presence of inflammatory bowel disease or occurrence of hepatobiliary malignancy. In a multivariable analysis, high autotaxin activity was associated with an increased risk of liver transplantation or death (hazard ratio 2.03 (95% confidence interval 1.21–3.40), P < 0.01), independent from Mayo risk score, an in-house enhanced liver fibrosis score and interleukin-8 in serum. In conclusion, increased serum autotaxin activity is associated with reduced liver transplant-free survival independent from Mayo risk score and markers of inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep K Dhillon
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of transplantation medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas E Kremer
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg-Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Kummen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of transplantation medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten M Boberg
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of transplantation medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ronald P Oude Elferink
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology and Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom H Karlsen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of transplantation medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulrich Beuers
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology and Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mette Vesterhus
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of transplantation medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Johannes R Hov
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of transplantation medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. .,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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19
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Nojiri T, Kurano M, Araki O, Nakawatari K, Nishikawa M, Shimamoto S, Igarashi K, Kano K, Aoki J, Kihara S, Murakami M, Yatomi Y. Serum autotaxin levels are associated with Graves' disease. Endocr J 2019; 66:409-422. [PMID: 30814442 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves' Disease is a representative autoimmune thyroid disease that presents with hyperthyroidism. Emerging evidence has shown the involvement of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and its producing enzyme, autotaxin (ATX), in the pathogenesis of various diseases; among them, the involvement of the ATX/LPA axis in some immunological disturbances has been proposed. In this study, we investigated the association between serum ATX levels and Graves' disease. We measured the levels of serum total ATX and ATX isoforms (classical ATX and novel ATX) in patients with untreated Graves' disease, Graves' disease treated with anti-thyroid drugs, patients with subacute thyroiditis, silent thyroiditis, Plummer's disease, or Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and patients who had undergone a total thyroidectomy, as well as normal subjects. The serum total ATX and ATX isoform levels were higher in the patients with Graves' disease, compared with the levels in the healthy subjects and the patients with subacute thyroiditis. Treatment with anti-thyroid drugs significantly decreased the serum ATX levels. The serum ATX levels and the changes in serum ATX levels during treatment were moderately or strongly correlated with the serum concentrations or the changes in thyroid hormones. However, the administration of T3 or T4 did not increase the expression or serum levels of ATX in 3T3L1 adipocytes or wild-type mice. In conclusion, the serum ATX levels were higher in subjects with Graves' disease, possibly because of a mechanism that does not involve hyperthyroidism. These results suggest the possible involvement of the ATX/LPA axis in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nojiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Araki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakawatari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Nishikawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Koji Igarashi
- Bioscience Division, TOSOH Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinji Kihara
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masami Murakami
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Shimura T, Kurano M, Morita Y, Yoshikawa N, Nishikawa M, Igarashi K, Shimamoto S, Aoki J, Yatomi Y. Autotaxin and soluble IL-2 receptor concentrations in cerebrospinal fluids are useful for the diagnosis of central nervous system invasion caused by haematological malignancies. Ann Clin Biochem 2019; 56:240-246. [PMID: 30514094 DOI: 10.1177/0004563218818197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasion of the central nervous system by haematological malignancies is diagnosed by cytological analyses of cerebrospinal fluid or diagnostic imaging, while quantitative biomarkers for central nervous system invasion are not available and needed to be developed. METHODS In this study, we measured the concentrations of autotaxin and soluble IL-2 receptor in cerebrospinal fluid and evaluated their usefulness as biomarkers for central nervous system invasion. RESULTS We observed that both the autotaxin and soluble IL-2 receptor concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid were higher in subjects with central nervous system invasion than in those without, and the cerebrospinal fluid concentrations were independent from the serum concentrations of these biomarkers. ROC analyses revealed that the soluble IL-2 receptor concentration in cerebrospinal fluid was a strong discriminator of central nervous system invasion in subjects with haematological malignancies, while the autotaxin concentration in cerebrospinal fluid also had a strong ability to discriminate central nervous system invasion when the subjects were limited to those with lymphoma. The combined measurement of autotaxin and soluble IL-2 receptor in cerebrospinal fluid improved the sensitivity without notably reducing the specificity for central nervous system invasion in subjects with lymphoma when central nervous system invasion was diagnosed in cases where either value was beyond the respective cut-off value. CONCLUSION These results suggest the possible usefulness of soluble IL-2 receptor and autotaxin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of central nervous system invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Shimura
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurano
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,2 Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Morita
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Yoshikawa
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Nishikawa
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Igarashi
- 3 Bioscience Division, TOSOH Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Junken Aoki
- 4 Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,2 Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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McNeice A, Scott R, Rafferty GP, Cash WJ, Turner GB. The hepatobiliary complications of malnutrition and nutritional support in adults. Ir J Med Sci 2018; 188:109-117. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-018-1836-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Benesch MGK, MacIntyre ITK, McMullen TPW, Brindley DN. Coming of Age for Autotaxin and Lysophosphatidate Signaling: Clinical Applications for Preventing, Detecting and Targeting Tumor-Promoting Inflammation. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10030073. [PMID: 29543710 PMCID: PMC5876648 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A quarter-century after the discovery of autotaxin in cell culture, the autotaxin-lysophosphatidate (LPA)-lipid phosphate phosphatase axis is now a promising clinical target for treating chronic inflammatory conditions, mitigating fibrosis progression, and improving the efficacy of existing cancer chemotherapies and radiotherapy. Nearly half of the literature on this axis has been published during the last five years. In cancer biology, LPA signaling is increasingly being recognized as a central mediator of the progression of chronic inflammation in the establishment of a tumor microenvironment which promotes cancer growth, immune evasion, metastasis, and treatment resistance. In this review, we will summarize recent advances made in understanding LPA signaling with respect to chronic inflammation and cancer. We will also provide perspectives on the applications of inhibitors of LPA signaling in preventing cancer initiation, as adjuncts extending the efficacy of current cancer treatments by blocking inflammation caused by either the cancer or the cancer therapy itself, and by disruption of the tumor microenvironment. Overall, LPA, a simple molecule that mediates a plethora of biological effects, can be targeted at its levels of production by autotaxin, LPA receptors or through LPA degradation by lipid phosphate phosphatases. Drugs for these applications will soon be entering clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G K Benesch
- Discipline of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL AlB 3V6, Canada.
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada.
| | - Iain T K MacIntyre
- Discipline of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL AlB 3V6, Canada.
| | - Todd P W McMullen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada.
| | - David N Brindley
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada.
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