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Furse S, Koch H, Wright GA, Stevenson PC. Sterol and lipid metabolism in bees. Metabolomics 2023; 19:78. [PMID: 37644282 PMCID: PMC10465395 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bees provide essential pollination services for many food crops and are critical in supporting wild plant diversity. However, the dietary landscape of pollen food sources for social and solitary bees has changed because of agricultural intensification and habitat loss. For this reason, understanding the basic nutrient metabolism and meeting the nutritional needs of bees is becoming an urgent requirement for agriculture and conservation. We know that pollen is the principal source of dietary fat and sterols for pollinators, but a precise understanding of what the essential nutrients are and how much is needed is not yet clear. Sterols are key for producing the hormones that control development and may be present in cell membranes, where fatty-acid-containing species are important structural and signalling molecules (phospholipids) or to supply, store and distribute energy (glycerides). AIM OF THE REVIEW In this critical review, we examine the current general understanding of sterol and lipid metabolism of social and solitary bees from a variety of literature sources and discuss implications for bee health. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW We found that while eusocial bees are resilient to some dietary variation in sterol supply the scope for this is limited. The evidence of both de novo lipogenesis and a dietary need for particular fatty acids (FAs) shows that FA metabolism in insects is analogous to mammals but with distinct features. Bees rely on their dietary intake for essential sterols and lipids in a way that is dependent upon pollen availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Furse
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Green, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK.
| | - Hauke Koch
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Green, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
| | | | - Philip C Stevenson
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Green, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK.
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.
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2
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Schiffer L, Kempegowda P, Sitch AJ, Adaway JE, Shaheen F, Ebbehoj A, Singh S, McTaggart MP, O'Reilly MW, Prete A, Hawley JM, Keevil BG, Bancos I, Taylor AE, Arlt W. Classic and 11-oxygenated androgens in serum and saliva across adulthood: a cross-sectional study analyzing the impact of age, body mass index, and diurnal and menstrual cycle variation. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 188:lvac017. [PMID: 36651154 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 11-oxygenated androgens significantly contribute to the circulating androgen pool. Understanding the physiological variation of 11-oxygenated androgens and their determinants is essential for clinical interpretation, for example, in androgen excess conditions. We quantified classic and 11-oxygenated androgens in serum and saliva across the adult age and body mass index (BMI) range, also analyzing diurnal and menstrual cycle-dependent variation. DESIGN Cross-sectional. Morning serum samples were collected from 290 healthy volunteers (125 men, 22-95 years; 165 women, 21-91 years). Morning saliva samples were collected by a sub-group (51 women and 32 men). Diurnal saliva profiles were collected by 13 men. Twelve women collected diurnal saliva profiles and morning saliva samples on 7 consecutive days during both follicular and luteal menstrual cycle phases. METHODS Serum and salivary steroids were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry profiling assays. RESULTS Serum classic androgens decreased with age-adjusted BMI, for example, %change kg/m2 for 5α-dihydrotestosterone: men -5.54% (95% confidence interval (CI) -8.10 to -2.98) and women -1.62% (95%CI -3.16 to -0.08). By contrast, 11-oxygenated androgens increased with BMI, for example, %change kg/m2 for 11-ketotestosterone: men 3.05% (95%CI 0.08-6.03) and women 1.68% (95%CI -0.44 to 3.79). Conversely, classic androgens decreased with age in both men and women, while 11-oxygenated androgens did not. Salivary androgens showed a diurnal pattern in men and in the follicular phase in women; in the luteal phase, only 11-oxygenated androgens showed diurnal variation. CONCLUSIONS Classic androgens decrease while active 11-oxygenated androgens increase with increasing BMI, pointing toward the importance of adipose tissue mass for the activation of 11-oxygenated androgens. Classic but not 11-oxygenated androgens decline with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Schiffer
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Punith Kempegowda
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alice J Sitch
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne E Adaway
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fozia Shaheen
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Ebbehoj
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sumitabh Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Malcom P McTaggart
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W O'Reilly
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Endocrinology Research Group, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alessandro Prete
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - James M Hawley
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Brian G Keevil
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Irina Bancos
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Angela E Taylor
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Patil S, Patil N, Bhat R, Hardikar-Bhat P, Jadhav D, Dervankar O, Joglekar C, Shinde R, Desai S, Chavan D, Pise M, Nandoskar A. Diurnal variation in salivary progesterone in fertile Indian women. Heliyon 2022; 9:e12719. [PMID: 36685383 PMCID: PMC9849994 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Research question Is there a diurnal variation in salivary progesterone levels during menstrual cycle among Indian women? Design A longitudinal study was carried out to measure progesterone in saliva among small cross-sectional sample (n = 31) of fertile Indian women of reproductive age comprising young adults (18-25 years, n = 11), adults (26-38 years, n = 9) and middle aged (39-45 years, n = 11). Saliva samples were collected twice daily (morning and evening) across the entire menstrual cycle of 31 women. Results Mean ages at enrolment and menarche were 30.6 years and 13.6 years respectively. Fifty-five percent of the women were married. The menstrual cycle range was 20-40 days. After controlling for age and menstrual cycle length, statistically significant diurnal variation in progesterone levels was observed across menstrual cycles with high levels in the morning. Conclusions This is the first report on salivary progesterone in subjects with Indian ethnicity and could have clinical implications for designing point of care kits for menstrual cycle management, fertility and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvarna Patil
- Department of Medicine, BKL Walawalkar Hospital and Rural Medical College, Sawarde, Taluka-Chiplun, District-Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India,Corresponding author. BKL Walawalkar Hospital and Rural Medical College, Sawarde, Taluka-Chiplun, District-Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, 415606, India.
| | - Netaji Patil
- Department of Radiology, BKL Walawalkar Hospital and Rural Medical College, Sawarde, Taluka-Chiplun, District-Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rohit Bhat
- Regional Centre for Adolescent Health and Nutrition, BKL Walawalkar Hospital and Rural Medical College, Sawarde, Taluka-Chiplun, District-Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pallavi Hardikar-Bhat
- Regional Centre for Adolescent Health and Nutrition, BKL Walawalkar Hospital and Rural Medical College, Sawarde, Taluka-Chiplun, District-Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dnyaneshwar Jadhav
- Regional Centre for Adolescent Health and Nutrition, BKL Walawalkar Hospital and Rural Medical College, Sawarde, Taluka-Chiplun, District-Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Omkar Dervankar
- Regional Centre for Adolescent Health and Nutrition, BKL Walawalkar Hospital and Rural Medical College, Sawarde, Taluka-Chiplun, District-Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Charudatta Joglekar
- Regional Centre for Adolescent Health and Nutrition, BKL Walawalkar Hospital and Rural Medical College, Sawarde, Taluka-Chiplun, District-Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rohini Shinde
- Regional Centre for Adolescent Health and Nutrition, BKL Walawalkar Hospital and Rural Medical College, Sawarde, Taluka-Chiplun, District-Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shraddha Desai
- Regional Centre for Adolescent Health and Nutrition, BKL Walawalkar Hospital and Rural Medical College, Sawarde, Taluka-Chiplun, District-Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dhanashree Chavan
- Regional Centre for Adolescent Health and Nutrition, BKL Walawalkar Hospital and Rural Medical College, Sawarde, Taluka-Chiplun, District-Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Megha Pise
- Regional Centre for Adolescent Health and Nutrition, BKL Walawalkar Hospital and Rural Medical College, Sawarde, Taluka-Chiplun, District-Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ajit Nandoskar
- Regional Centre for Adolescent Health and Nutrition, BKL Walawalkar Hospital and Rural Medical College, Sawarde, Taluka-Chiplun, District-Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
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Park JH, Park EK, Cho YK, Shin IS, Lee H. Normalizing the Optical Signal Enables Robust Assays with Lateral Flow Biosensors. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:17723-17731. [PMID: 35664567 PMCID: PMC9161384 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are widely adopted for fast, on-site molecular diagnostics. Obtaining high-precision assay results, however, remains challenging and often requires a dedicated optical setup to control the imaging environment. Here, we describe quick light normalization exam (qLiNE) that transforms ubiquitous smartphones into a robust LFA reader. qLiNE used a reference card, printed with geometric patterns and color standards, for real-time optical calibration: a photo of an LFA test strip was taken along with the card, and the image was processed using a smartphone app to correct shape distortion, illumination brightness, and color imbalances. This approach yielded consistent optical signal, enabling quantitative molecular analyses under different illumination conditions. We adapted qLiNE to detect cortisol, a known stress hormone, in saliva samples at point-of-use settings. The assay was fast (15 min) and sensitive (detection limit, 0.16 ng/mL). The serial qLiNE assay detected diurnal cycles of cortisol levels as well as stress-induced cortisol increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Park
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Eung-Kyu Park
- QSTAG
CO., LTD., 165 Convencia-daero,
Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21998, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kwan Cho
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Kennedy College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Ik-Soo Shin
- QSTAG
CO., LTD., 165 Convencia-daero,
Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21998, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06978, Republic
of Korea
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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Ney LJ, Felmingham KL, Nichols D. Reproducibility of saliva progesterone measured by immunoassay compared to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2020; 610:113984. [PMID: 33039429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immunoassay overestimates progesterone in blood, but no studies have tested whether this occurs in saliva. We measured progesterone in saliva using immunoassay and mass spectrometry. We tested the immunoassay for cross reactivity with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OHP). Progesterone was significantly higher in immunoassay compared to mass spectrometry. Immunoassay progesterone levels increased in when incremental levels of 17α-OHP standard was added. This effect was not observed with the addition of DHEA-S. Research using salivary progesterone immunoassay techniques should be wary, particularly with individuals taking steroid supplementation or with high levels of progesterone metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Ney
- School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Kim L Felmingham
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Nichols
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Australia
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6
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Telemedicine in assisted reproduction. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 42:269-272. [PMID: 33293221 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gravitte A, Archibald T, Cobble A, Kennard B, Brown S. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry applications for quantification of endogenous sex hormones. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5036. [PMID: 33226656 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, presents a powerful tool for the quantification of the sex steroid hormones 17-β estradiol, progesterone and testosterone from biological matrices. The importance of accurate quantification with these hormones, even at endogenous levels, has evolved with our understanding of the role these regulators play in human development, fertility and disease risk and manifestation. Routine monitoring of these analytes can be accomplished by immunoassay techniques, which face limitations on specificity and sensitivity, or using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. LC-MS/MS is growing in capability and acceptance for clinically relevant quantification of sex steroid hormones in biological matrices and is able to overcome many of the limitations of immunoassays. Analyte specificity has improved through the use of novel derivatizing agents, and sensitivity has been refined through the use of high-resolution chromatography and mass spectrometric technology. This review highlights these innovations, among others, in LC-MS/MS steroid hormone analysis captured in the literature over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gravitte
- James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Timothy Archibald
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Allison Cobble
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin Kennard
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Stacy Brown
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
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Ney LJ, Felmingham KL, Bruno R, Matthews A, Nichols DS. Simultaneous quantification of endocannabinoids, oleoylethanolamide and steroid hormones in human plasma and saliva. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1152:122252. [PMID: 32615536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous cannabinoids are an increasingly intriguing target for biological research, given the changing legal status of medicinal cannabinoid-based products throughout the world. However, studying the endogenous cannabinoid system is a relatively new field, with few research teams attempting to develop quantitative methods for these important modulatory analytes in human matrices, other than blood. Here we develop and validate simultaneous methods for quantifying arachidonoyl-ethanolamide, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, oleoylethanolamide, cortisol and progesterone in human plasma and saliva using liquid-liquid extraction combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The method was fully validated over the linear concentration range 1-20 ng/mL for each analyte in plasma (R2 = 0.98-0.99) and saliva (R2 = 0.99). We find that salivary endogenous cannabinoids and cortisol are acutely responsive to exercise, suggesting that targeting the saliva system may present a convenient way for future research of endogenous cannabinoids. This finding also encourages a broader understanding of the endogenous cannabinoid system during stress responses, and our method may consequently lead to a better understanding of the role of endogenous cannabinoids in peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Ney
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Kim L Felmingham
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Allison Matthews
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - David S Nichols
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Australia
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