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Agyapong B, Dias RDL, Wei Y, Agyapong VIO. Prevalence and Correlates of High Stress and Low Resilience among Teachers in Three Canadian Provinces. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4339. [PMID: 39124603 PMCID: PMC11313592 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: High stress levels can be problematic for teachers and indirectly affect students. Resilience may be a protective factor for overcoming stress. Knowledge about the prevalence and correlates of high stress and low resilience will provide information about the extent of the problem among teachers in Canada. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study among teachers in Alberta, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador in Canada. Participants self-subscribed to the Wellness4Teachers supportive text messaging program and completed the online survey on enrollment. Baseline data collection occurred from 1 September 2022 to 30 August 2023. Resilience and stress were, respectively, assessed using the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). The data were analyzed with SPSS version 28 using chi-squared tests and binary logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 1912 teachers subscribed to the Wellness4Teachers program, and 810 completed the baseline survey, yielding a response rate of 42.40%. Most of the participants, 87.8%, were female, and 12.2% were aged 18 to 61 and above. The prevalence of low resilience was 40.1%, and high stress had a prevalence of 26.3%. After controlling for all the other variables in the logistic regression model, participants with low resilience were 3.10 times more likely to experience high-stress symptoms than those with normal to high resilience (OR = 3.10; 95% CI: 2.18-4.41). Conversely, participants who reported high stress were 3.13 times more likely to have low resilience than those with low to moderate stress (OR = 3.13; 95% CI: 2.20-4.44). Additionally, junior and senior high school teachers were, respectively, 2.30 times (OR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.25-4.23) and 2.12 times (OR = 2,12; 95% CI: 1.08-4.18) more likely to have low resilience compared to elementary school teachers. Conclusions: Our study findings suggest a high prevalence of stress and low resilience among teachers in the three Canadian provinces. Administrators, policymakers in the educational field, school boards, and governments should integrate stress management and resilience-building strategies into teachers' training and continuing professional development programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H5, Canada
| | - Raquel da Luz Dias
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2, Canada
| | - Yifeng Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H5, Canada
| | - Vincent Israel Opoku Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H5, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2, Canada
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Sangsefidi N, Jamali J, Rahimi Z, Kazemi A. Examination of Behavioural Patterns of Psychological Distress and Evaluation of Related Factors: A latent class regression. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2023; 23:311-319. [PMID: 37655085 PMCID: PMC10467542 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.12.2022.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to identify the behavioural pattern of psychological distress (PD) in the population of 18 to 65 years old people in Mashhad, Iran, using latent class regression and evaluate the related factors. PD is a unique emotional state with suffering in response to a stressor or specific need that leads to temporary or permanent impacts. Due to its negative effects on several features of life like the quality of life, health, performance and productivity of individuals, PD and its consequences are considered a public health priority. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 425,286 individuals aged 18 to 65, who were referred to health centres in Mashhad, northeastern Iran in the first half of 2018. The information required for this study, including a checklist of demographic information and the six-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-6), was obtained from the Sina System. Results Latent class regression identified three latent patterns of PD in answering the questions of the K-6 questionnaire, including severe PD (14%), low PD distress (40%) and no PD (46%). Statistical variables of this study due to the results are considered as the following: women, illiterate people, unemployed and divorced people, individuals aged between 50 and 59 years and people with low weight were more likely to be in the severe PD class than in the no PD class. Conclusion Although a small percentage of people were classified as severely disturbed, the findings showed a high rate of symptoms of distress and sadness even in the no PD class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Sangsefidi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jamshid Jamali
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Rahimi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ana Kazemi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
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Stone J, Barker SF, Gasevic D, Freak-Poli R. Participation in the Global Corporate Challenge ®, a Four-Month Workplace Pedometer Program, Reduces Psychological Distress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4514. [PMID: 36901523 PMCID: PMC10002186 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological distress (stress) has been linked to an increased risk of chronic diseases and is exacerbated by a range of workplace factors. Physical activity has been shown to alleviate psychological distress. Previous pedometer-based intervention evaluations have tended to focus on physical health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the immediate and long-term changes in psychological distress in employees based in Melbourne, Australia after their participation in a four-month pedometer-based program in sedentary workplaces. METHODS At baseline, 716 adults (aged 40 ± 10 years, 40% male) employed in primarily sedentary occupations, voluntarily enrolled in the Global Corporate Challenge© (GCC©), recruited from 10 Australian workplaces to participate in the GCC® Evaluation Study, completed the Kessler 10 Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Of these, 422 completed the K10 at baseline, 4 months and 12 months. RESULTS Psychological distress reduced after participation in a four-month workplace pedometer-based program, which was sustained eight months after the program ended. Participants achieving the program goal of 10,000 steps per day or with higher baseline psychological distress had the greatest immediate and sustained reductions in psychological distress. Demographic predictors of immediate reduced psychological distress (n = 489) was having an associate professional occupation, younger age, and being 'widowed, separated or divorced'. CONCLUSIONS Participation in a workplace pedometer-based program is associated with a sustained reduction in psychological distress. Low-impact physical health programs conducted in groups or teams that integrate a social component may be an avenue to improve both physical and psychological health in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Stone
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - S. Fiona Barker
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Danijela Gasevic
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Rosanne Freak-Poli
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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Al Dweik R, Rahman MA, Ahamed FM, Ramada H, Al Sheble Y, ElTaher S, Cross W, Elsori D. COVID-19: Psychological distress, fear, and coping strategies among community members across the United Arab Emirates. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282479. [PMID: 36989272 PMCID: PMC10057807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the psychosocial well-being of the United Arab Emirates [UAE] population like other communities internationally. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify the factors associated with psychological distress, fear, and coping amongst community members across the UAE. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional online survey across the UAE during November 2020. Adults aged ≥18 years, living in the UAE who were able to respond to an online questionnaire in English or Arabic were considered eligible to participate in the study. We used standard validated tools to measure psychological distress, fear and coping. Kessler Psychological Distress Scale [K10] was used to assess psychological distress, Fear of COVID-19 Scale [FCV-19S] was used to assess the level of fear, and Brief Resilient Coping Scale [BRCS] was used to assess the coping strategies. RESULTS A total of 417 individuals participated in this study with a mean age of 29 [± 10.7] years. More than half of the participants experienced high to very high levels of psychological distress [55%] and a quarter experienced high levels of fear of COVID-19 [23.3%] with almost a third of them [36.2%] having low resilient coping. About 37.4% of the participants had work-related mental health impacts and 32.4% were perceived to have moderate to a great deal of distress due to a change of employment status during the pandemic. One in ten participants [9.4%] reported increased smoking. Increased smoking [AOR 8.66, 95% CIs 1.08-69.1,], increased alcohol drinking [AOR 2.39, 95% CIs 1.05-5.47] and higher levels of fear of COVID-19 [AOR 2.93, 95% CIs 1.83-4.67] were associated with moderate to very high levels of psychological distress. Being female [AOR 1.82, p = 0.030], having a pre-existing mental health condition [AOR 9.88, 95% p = 0.027], engaging in high-risk behaviors such as increased smoking [AOR 21.14, p = 0.003], increased alcohol drinking [AOR 1.48, p = 0.359] in the previous four weeks, and higher levels of fear of COVID-19 [AOR 4.18, p <0.001] were associated with moderate to very high levels of psychological distress. Also, being a smoker [AOR, 0.840, p = 0.011], and having a high level of fear [AOR 0.372, p = 0.001] were found to be associated with low resilient coping. CONCLUSION Community members in the UAE are at a higher risk of psychosocial distress and fear during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, healthcare providers and policymakers would need to be more alert to provide specific mental health support strategies for their wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Al Dweik
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Aziz Rahman
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Heba Ramada
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yousef Al Sheble
- School of Dentistry, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Sondos ElTaher
- Epidemiology Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wendy Cross
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, Australia
| | - Deena Elsori
- Faculty of Resilience, Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Schoenaker DAJM, Bennett C, Grieger JA, Harrison CL, Hill B, Enticott J, Moran LJ, Teede HJ, O’Reilly SL, Lim S. Association between pregnancy intention and psychological distress among women exposed to different levels of restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273339. [PMID: 36006931 PMCID: PMC9409515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the mental health of people globally. Significant concerns about health and access to services among women of reproductive age considering pregnancy may cause psychological distress, and in turn increase health risks during and after pregnancy for mothers and offspring. Objectives To examine the association between pregnancy intention and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, and explore if this association differed based on local viral transmission rates and corresponding levels of pandemic restrictions. Methods A nationwide online survey was completed by 849 non-pregnant women aged 18–50 years between 15 October and 7 November 2020. Women were asked about their intention to become pregnant, and psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Multivariable regression analysis examined associations between pregnancy intention and psychological distress. An interaction term was added to the model to examine differences in associations by level of viral transmission rates and lockdown restrictions which was determined based on postcode. Results Pregnancy intention was not associated with experiencing (very) high psychological distress in the overall study population (odds ratio (OR) 1.42, 95% CI 0.94, 2.11). The interaction term (p = 0.09) suggested potential differences by level of restrictions and viral transmission rates. In stratified analysis among women living in a location with strict lockdown restrictions and high viral transmission rates leading up to and during the study, those planning to become pregnant were more likely to experience (very) high psychological distress (OR 3.39, 2.04, 5.65) compared with women not planning to become pregnant. Pregnancy intention was not associated with psychological distress among women exposed to lower levels of pandemic restrictions and viral transmission rates (OR 1.17, 0.74, 1.85). Conclusions Our findings highlight the need to identify and support women planning pregnancy during a public health crisis to mitigate potential short- and long-term intergenerational negative health outcomes associated with psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A. J. M. Schoenaker
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Christie Bennett
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica A. Grieger
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Cheryce L. Harrison
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Briony Hill
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joanne Enticott
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Southern Synergy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa J. Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Helena J. Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sharleen L. O’Reilly
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siew Lim
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Van Dyke N, Drinkwater EJ. Intuitive eating is positively associated with indicators of physical and mental health among rural Australian adults. Aust J Rural Health 2022; 30:468-477. [PMID: 35239235 PMCID: PMC9544126 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rural Australians have comparatively higher rates of overweight and obesity, as well as some mental health issues. Intuitive eating has been shown to be positively associated with an array of physical and mental health indicators. Few studies, however, have been conducted with general populations, and none has explicitly examined intuitive eating among rural residents. Objective To investigate the prevalence of intuitive eating, and associations between intuitive eating and indicators of physical and mental health, among a general population of rural adults. Design Cross‐sectional telephone survey of 200 randomly selected, non‐metropolitan, English‐speaking Australian residents aged 18 or older. Findings The prevalence of intuitive eating in the sample was 17.6%, with a higher level of intuitive eating among men than women (26.1% vs 9.1%). Bivariate associations between intuitive eating and each of the six health indicators were all positive and mostly statistically significant. Particularly strong was the correlation between intuitive eating and self‐esteem for women (r = 0.53). After controlling for indication of an eating disorder and demographics, the associations between intuitive eating and the outcome variables held for body mass index (BMI), psychological distress and body esteem for men, and for BMI and self‐esteem for women. Post hoc analyses found that BMI did not moderate the relationship for women between intuitive eating and self‐esteem and that body esteem mediates the relationships between intuitive eating and BMI and psychological distress for men, and between intuitive eating and self‐esteem for women. Discussion Consistent with most prior research, this study finds that intuitive eating is positively associated with several indicators of both physical and mental health among non‐metropolitan residents in Australia. Practice of intuitive eating in this population, however, is low. These findings may help allied health professionals guide rural populations to better health, and may be a particularly effective approach for people for whom the barriers to seeking out health services are high. Conclusion Intuitive eating appears to have substantial correlations with mental health indicators, and to some extent, physical health indicators, among rural Australians and therefore should be further investigated for its potential to inform public health policy targeted to similar populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Van Dyke
- Social Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric J Drinkwater
- School of Exercise and Sport Science, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
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Meckamalil C, Brodie L, Hogg-Johnson S, Carroll LJ, Jacobs C, Côté P. The prevalence of anxiety, stress and depressive symptoms in undergraduate students at the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:371-376. [PMID: 32369713 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1751173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective (1) Determine the one-week prevalence of moderate to extreme symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression in chiropractic undergraduate students. (2) Determine whether the prevalence varies across gender and year of study. Participants: Undergraduate students at the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in fall 2017 to measure self-reported symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression using the DASS-21. Results: The participation rate was 67.0% (510/766). The one-week prevalence of moderate to extreme symptoms was 19.0% (95% CI: 13.0-25.0) for depression; 32.6% (95% CI: 24.7-40.3) for anxiety and 21.8% (95% CI: 15.6-28.1) for stress. The prevalence of stress varied significantly across gender: 25.4% (95% CI: 20.5-30.3) for females versus 16.3% (95% CI: 11.2-21.3) for males. The one-week prevalence of depressive (24.8%; 95% CI: 17.6-32.0) and anxiety (40.9%; 95% CI: 32.6-49.1) symptoms peaked in second year. Conclusions: Self-reported symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression are common in CMCC students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Meckamalil
- Graduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lydia Brodie
- Graduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheilah Hogg-Johnson
- Research and Innovation, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda J Carroll
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Craig Jacobs
- Division of Clinical Education, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pierre Côté
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
- UOIT-CMCC Centre for Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Enticott J, Dawadi S, Shawyer F, Inder B, Fossey E, Teede H, Rosenberg S, Ozols Am I, Meadows G. Mental Health in Australia: Psychological Distress Reported in Six Consecutive Cross-Sectional National Surveys From 2001 to 2018. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:815904. [PMID: 35432016 PMCID: PMC9010616 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.815904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine Australian psychological distress trends from 2001 to 2017/18, including analysis by age, sex, location, and household income. METHODS Secondary analysis of the working age population (18-64 years) in six successive representative national health surveys. Measures were prevalence of psychological distress at very-high symptom level (defined by a Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) score of 30 or more) and combined high/very-high level (K10 score of 22 or more). Very-high K10 scores are associated with mental health problems meeting diagnostic thresholds in past year. RESULTS From 2001 to 2017/18 Australian rates of K10 very-high distress rose significantly from 3.8 to 5.1% and combined high/very-high from 13.2 to 14.8%. In women aged 55-64, very-high distress rose significantly and substantially from 3.5 to 7.2% and high/very-high distress from 12.4 to 18.7%. In men aged 25-34, very-high distress increased from 2.1 to 4.0% and high/very-high from 10.6 to 11.5%. Income was strongly and inversely associated with distress (lowest vs. highest quintile adjusted OR 11.4). An apparent association of increased distress with regional location disappeared with adjustment for income. CONCLUSION Australia's population level of psychological distress increased significantly from 2001-2017/18, with levels highest in women and with rates inversely associated with income. This is likely to be indicative of increased community rates of mental disorders. Given that this has occurred whilst mental healthcare expenditure has increased, there is an urgent need to reconsider how best to respond to mental illness, including targeting the most vulnerable based on social determinants such as age, gender, and lower incomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Enticott
- Southern Synergy, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Shrinkhala Dawadi
- Southern Synergy, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Frances Shawyer
- Southern Synergy, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brett Inder
- Monash Business School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ellie Fossey
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Monash University Peninsula Campus, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Victoria, VIC, Australia
| | - Helena Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sebastian Rosenberg
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ingrid Ozols Am
- Southern Synergy, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Mental Health at Work, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham Meadows
- Southern Synergy, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Victoria, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Mental Health, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash Health, Dandenong, VIC, Australia
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9
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Tong H, Lung Y, Lin SL, Kobayashi KM, Davison KM, Agbeyaka S, Fuller-Thomson E. Refugee status is associated with double the odds of psychological distress in mid-to-late life: Findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2021; 67:747-760. [PMID: 33176526 DOI: 10.1177/0020764020971003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Psychological distress is associated with a range of negative outcomes including lower quality of life and an increased risk of premature all-cause mortality. The prevalence of, and factors associated with, psychological distress among middle-aged and older Canadians are understudied. Using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) baseline data, this study examined factors associated with psychological distress among adults between 45 and 85 years, including refugee status and a wide range of sociodemographic, health-related and social support characteristics. Psychological distress was measured by Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale-K10 scores. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. The prevalence of psychological distress was significantly higher among the 244 refugees (23.8%), compared to 23,149 Canadian-born Canadians (12.8%) and 4,765 non-refugee immigrants (12.6%), despite the fact that the average time the refugees had lived in Canada was more than four decades. The results of the binary logistic regression analysis indicated refugees had twice the age-sex adjusted odds of psychological distress (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.74, 3.07). Even after further adjustment for 16 potential risk factors, a significant relationship remained between refugee status and psychological distress (OR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.12, 2.17). Other significant factors associated with psychological distress included younger age, female gender, visible minority status, lower household income, not having an undergraduate degree, multimorbidities, chronic pain, and lack of social support. Policies and interventions addressing psychological distress among Canadians in mid- to later life should target refugees and other vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Lung
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Karen M Davison
- Kwantlen Polytechnic University and University of Hawai'I, Surrey, BC, Canada
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10
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Rahman MA, Salehin M, Islam SMS, Alif SM, Sultana F, Sharif A, Hoque N, Nazim NB, Cross WM. Reliability of the tools used to examine psychological distress, fear of COVID-19 and coping amongst migrants and non-migrants in Australia. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2021; 30:747-758. [PMID: 33555128 PMCID: PMC8013171 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Study tools examining psychological distress, fear of COVID-19 and coping amongst migrants and non-migrants in Australia are very limited. The aim of this research was to assess the psychometric properties and correlation of the English version of Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCSV-19S), and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) tools during the COVID-19 pandemic situation in Australia. Data from a cross-sectional survey (n = 516) were utilized to examine reliability; 299 (57.9%) were migrants. High internal consistency, as evidenced by Cronbach's alpha, was found for the K-10 (0.92), FCV-19S (0.87) and BRCS (0.66) tools. The corresponding values for migrants and non-migrants were (0.92, 0.87, 0.67) and (0.92, 0.86, 0.63), respectively. Item-total correlations ranged 0.57-0.78 for K-10, 0.62-0.69 for FCV-19S, and 0.39-0.50 for BRCS tools. EFA retained a single factor for each tool with adequate factor loadings. The scoring of K-10 was significantly predicted by the scoring of FCV-19S (r = 0.284, P < 0.001) and BRCS tool (r = 0.132, P < 0.01). Therefore, these tools can be used reliably amongst both migrant and non-migrant population in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aziz Rahman
- School of HealthFederation University AustraliaBerwickVictoriaAustralia
- Australian Institute of Primary Care and Ageing, La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Bangladesh Medical Society of Victoria (BMSV)MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Masudus Salehin
- School of HealthFederation University AustraliaBerwickVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Sheikh M. Alif
- Bangladesh Medical Society of Victoria (BMSV)MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Ahmed Sharif
- Bangladesh Medical Society of Victoria (BMSV)MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Station Street ClinicPakenhamVictoriaAustralia
- Bangladesh Institute of Family Medicine and ResearchUniversity of Science & Technology ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
| | - Nazmul Hoque
- Bangladesh Medical Society of Victoria (BMSV)MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Emerald Medical CentreEmeraldVictoriaAustralia
| | - Nashrin Binte Nazim
- Bangladesh Medical Society of Victoria (BMSV)MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Greenvale Medical CentreGreenvaleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Wendy M. Cross
- School of HealthFederation University AustraliaBerwickVictoriaAustralia
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11
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Temple JB, Brijnath B, Enticott J, Utomo A, Williams R, Kelaher M. Discrimination reported by older adults living with mental health conditions: types, contexts and association with healthcare barriers. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1003-1014. [PMID: 32696302 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Australian policy-making needs better information on the prevalence, context and types of discrimination reported by people living with mental health conditions and the association of exposure to discrimination with experiencing a barrier to accessing healthcare. METHODS Secondary data analysis using the national representative General Social Survey 2014 to examine discrimination and healthcare barriers. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between discrimination and barriers to healthcare. RESULTS Around 10% of older adults without mental health conditions reported an instance of discrimination in the last 12 months, compared to 22-25% of those with mental health conditions. Approximately 20% with mental health conditions attributed discrimination to their health conditions, along with other characteristics including age. Discrimination was reported in settings important to human capital (e.g., healthcare, workplace), but also in general social and public contexts. Everyday discrimination (OR = 2.11 p < 0.001), discrimination in healthcare (OR = 2.92 p < 0.001), and discrimination attributed to the person's health condition (OR = 1.99 p < 0.05) increased the odds of experiencing a barrier to care two-to-three-fold. For each type of discrimination reported (e.g., racism, ageism etc.), the odds of experiencing a barrier to care increased 1.3 times (OR = 1.29 p < 0.01). CONCLUSION This new population-level evidence shows older adults with mental health conditions are experiencing discrimination at more than twofold compared to those without mental health conditions. Discrimination was associated with preventing or delaying healthcare access. These findings indicate that future strategies to promote mental healthcare in underserved groups of older people will need to be multidimensional and consideration given to address discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeromey B Temple
- Demography and Ageing Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bianca Brijnath
- Social Gerontology, National Ageing Research Institute (NARI), Parkville, Australia.
| | - Joanne Enticott
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Southern Synergy, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ariane Utomo
- School of Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ruth Williams
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Margaret Kelaher
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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12
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Klein JW, Tyler‐parker G, Bastian B. Measuring psychological distress among Australians using an online survey. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack W. Klein
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,
| | | | - Brock Bastian
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,
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13
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Silva BFPD, Santos-Vitti L, Faro A. Kessler Psychological Distress Scale: Internal Structure and Relation to Other Variables. PSICO-USF 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712021260108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to present validity evidence based on internal structure of the Kessler Scale of Psychological Distress (K10), to show its relations with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and to present a social distribution of distress in the present sample. Participated in the study 717 residents of Aracaju, State of Sergipe, by means of household data collection. A sociodemographic questionnaire, K10, and PSS-10 were used as instruments. Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed using the Factor software, which indicated the scale unidimensionality, explaining 69.9% of the variance. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.93, and the model adjustment indices were satisfactory. A positive and statistically significant association between K10 and PSS-10 was observed. Regarding the social distribution, the levels of distress were higher in women, patients with chronic diseases, users of controlled drugs, and unemployed participants. It was concluded that K10 presented robust psychometric properties for the detection of distress in general population.
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14
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Rahman MA, Rahman S, Wazib A, Arafat SMY, Chowdhury ZZ, Uddin BMM, Rahman MM, Bahar Moni AS, Alif SM, Sultana F, Salehin M, Islam SMS, Cross W, Bahar T. COVID-19 Related Psychological Distress, Fear and Coping: Identification of High-Risk Groups in Bangladesh. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:718654. [PMID: 34484005 PMCID: PMC8414638 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.718654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed psychological distress and fear across the globe; however, factors associated with those issues or the ways people cope may vary by country or context. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with psychological distress, fear, and coping strategies for people living in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in August-September 2020 using online platforms in Bangladesh. People residing in Bangladesh, aged ≥18 years, who were proficient in English and able to respond to online questionnaire. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale was used to assess the psychological stress. Level of fear was assessed using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and strategies to cope were assessed using the Brief Resilient Coping Scale. Results: Of the 962 participants, half of them were aged between 30 and 59 years. Being born in Bangladesh, having graduate education, perceived distress due to employment change, effect of COVID-19 on financial situation, having multiple comorbidities, and visiting a healthcare provider in the last 4 weeks were associated with higher levels of both psychological distress and fear of COVID-19. Furthermore, higher psychological distress was associated with being a female (AOR 1.81, 95% CI 1.33-2.47, p < 0.001), being a frontline worker (AOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.04-2.15, p < 0.05), having pre-existing psychiatric problems (AOR 4.03, 95% CI 1.19-13.7, p < 0.05), being a smoker (AOR 2.02, 95% CI 1.32-3.09, p < 0.01), providing care to a known/suspected COVID-19 patient (AOR 1.96, 95% CI 1.40-2.72, p < 0.001), having a recent overseas travel history and being in self-quarantine (AOR 4.59, 95% CI 1.23-17.2, p < 0.05), self-isolation without COVID-19 (AOR 2.63, 95% CI 1.68-4.13, p < 0.001) or being COVID-19 positive (AOR 2.53, 95% CI 1.19-5.34, p < 0.05), and having high levels of fear of COVID-19 (AOR 3.27, 95% CI 2.29-4.66, p < 0.001). A higher level of fear was associated with moderate to high levels of psychological distress (AOR 3.29, 95% CI 2.31-4.69, p < 0.001). People with pre-existing mental health problems were less likely to be resilient (AOR 0.25, 95% CI 0.11-0.54, p < 0.01), whereas those with having an income were more likely to be resilient (AOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.02-2.11, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Effective interventions to support the vulnerable groups including improved access to mental health services are of utmost importance during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aziz Rahman
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Primary Care and Ageing, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Shaila Rahman
- Enam Medical College and Hospital, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Amit Wazib
- Enam Medical College and Hospital, Savar, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sheikh M Alif
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Farhana Sultana
- Telstra Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Masudus Salehin
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Wendy Cross
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, Australia
| | - Tamanna Bahar
- National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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15
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Ahmed S, Rahman M, Islam M, Akter R, Chowdhury A. A study to assess the level of anxiety and stress among health-care professionals during the early stage of COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. SAUDI JOURNAL FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/sjhs.sjhs_51_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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16
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Rahman MA, Hoque N, Alif SM, Salehin M, Islam SMS, Banik B, Sharif A, Nazim NB, Sultana F, Cross W. Factors associated with psychological distress, fear and coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. Global Health 2020; 16:95. [PMID: 33032629 PMCID: PMC7542573 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-020-00624-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the personal, professional and social life of Australians with some people more impacted than others. Objectives This study aimed to identify factors associated with psychological distress, fear and coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among residents in Australia, including patients, frontline health and other essential service workers, and community members during June 2020. Psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10); level of fear was assessed using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S); and coping strategies were assessed using the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the extent of psychological distress, level of fear and coping strategies while adjusting for potential confounders. Results Among 587 participants, the majority (391, 73.2%) were 30–59 years old and female (363, 61.8%). More than half (349, 59.5%) were born outside Australia and two-third (418, 71.5%) completed at least a Bachelor’s degree. The majority (401, 71.5%) had a source of income, 243 (42.3%) self-identified as a frontline worker, and 335 (58.9%) reported financial impact due to COVID-19. Comorbidities such as pre-existing mental health conditions (AOR 3.13, 95% CIs 1.12–8.75), increased smoking (8.66, 1.08–69.1) and alcohol drinking (2.39, 1.05–5.47) over the last four weeks, high levels of fear (2.93, 1.83–4.67) and being female (1.74, 1.15–2.65) were associated with higher levels of psychological distress. Perceived distress due to change of employment status (4.14, 1.39–12.4), alcohol drinking (3.64, 1.54–8.58), providing care to known or suspected cases (3.64, 1.54–8.58), being female (1.56, 1.00–2.45), being 30–59 years old (2.29, 1.21–4.35) and having medium to high levels of psychological distress (2.90, 1.82–5.62) were associated with a higher level of fear; while healthcare service use in the last four weeks was associated with medium to high resilience. Conclusions This study identified individuals who were at higher risk of distress and fear during the COVID-19 pandemic specifically in the State of Victoria, Australia. Specific interventions to support the mental wellbeing of these individuals should be considered in addition to the existing resources within primary healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aziz Rahman
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, 100 Clyde Road, Berwick, Victoria, 3806, Australia. .,Australian Institute of Primary Care and Ageing, La Trobe University, Plenty Road and Kingsbury Drive, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia. .,Bangladesh Medical Society of Victoria (BMSV), Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Nazmul Hoque
- Bangladesh Medical Society of Victoria (BMSV), Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Emerald Medical Centre, 1 Murphys Way, Emerald, Victoria, 3782, Australia
| | - Sheikh M Alif
- Bangladesh Medical Society of Victoria (BMSV), Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Masudus Salehin
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, 100 Clyde Road, Berwick, Victoria, 3806, Australia
| | - Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Biswajit Banik
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, 100 Clyde Road, Berwick, Victoria, 3806, Australia
| | - Ahmed Sharif
- Bangladesh Medical Society of Victoria (BMSV), Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Station Street Clinic, 34 Station Street, Pakenham, Burwood, Victoria, 3810, Australia.,Bangladesh Institute of Family Medicine and Research, University of Science & Technology Chittagong, Zakir Hossain Road, Foy's Lake, Khulshi, Chittagong, 4202, Bangladesh
| | - Nashrin Binte Nazim
- Bangladesh Medical Society of Victoria (BMSV), Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Greenvale Medical Centre, 1/11 Greenvale Drive, Greenvale, Burwood, Victoria, 3059, Australia
| | - Farhana Sultana
- Telstra Health, 222 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Wendy Cross
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, 100 Clyde Road, Berwick, Victoria, 3806, Australia
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17
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De Cocker K, Teychenne M, White RL, Bennie JA. Adherence to aerobic and muscle-strengthening exercise guidelines and associations with psychological distress: A cross-sectional study of 14,050 English adults. Prev Med 2020; 139:106192. [PMID: 32640287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is beneficial for the prevention and management of psychological distress. However, no studies have investigated which combination/s of PA prescribed in the current global guidelines (i.e. aerobic moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA] and muscle-strengthening exercise [MSE]) are most strongly linked to reduced psychological distress. This study aimed to examine how PA guidelines adherence is associated with psychological distress. Using cross-sectional data of adults (n = 14,050) who participated in the 2012-2016 Health Survey for England, four categories of self-reported PA guidelines adherence were created: meeting none, only MSE, only aerobic MVPA, meeting both (exposure variables). Psychological distress (outcome) was measured using the General Health Questionnaire-12. The likelihood of experiencing high levels of psychological distress (cut-point of ≥4) across guidelines adherence categories was examined using logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. About 17% of adults experienced high levels of psychological distress; 37.5% did not adhere to any PA guidelines (category 1), 1.3% met only MSE (category 2), 35.5% met only aerobic MVPA (category 3), and 25.7% met both guidelines (category 4). Compared to category 1, the likelihood of experiencing high psychological distress was lowest in category 4 (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.54-0.77) followed by category 3 (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.67-0.90), while it did not differ in category 2 (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.75-2.05). This is the first study to identify the association between PA guidelines adherence and psychological distress in a large population sample. Findings suggest that meeting both aerobic MVPA and MSE guidelines might be most beneficial for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien De Cocker
- University of Southern Queensland, Institute for Resilient Regions, Springfield Central, Australia.
| | - Megan Teychenne
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Australia
| | - Rhiannon L White
- Western Sydney University, School of Health Sciences, Penrith, Australia
| | - Jason A Bennie
- University of Southern Queensland, Institute for Resilient Regions, Springfield Central, Australia
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18
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Development and Initial Evaluation of a Multifaceted Intervention to Improve Mental Health and Quality of Life Among Prostate Cancer Survivors. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-019-00108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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19
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Menec VH, Newall NE, Mackenzie CS, Shooshtari S, Nowicki S. Examining social isolation and loneliness in combination in relation to social support and psychological distress using Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging (CLSA) data. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230673. [PMID: 32203553 PMCID: PMC7089537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a large body of research has focused on social isolation and loneliness, few studies have examined social isolation and loneliness together. The objectives of this study were to examine: 1) the relationship between four groups derived from combining social isolation and loneliness (socially isolated and lonely; only socially isolated; only lonely; neither socially isolated nor lonely) and the desire for more social participation, and social support; and 2) the relationship between the four groups and psychological distress. METHODS The study was based on the Comprehensive Cohort of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Using CLSA baseline data (unweighted N = 30,079), ordinary and logistic regression analysis was used to examine the cross-sectional relationship between the four social isolation/loneliness groups and desire for more social participation and four types of social support (tangible, positive interaction, affection, and emotional support). Prospective logistic regression analysis was possible for psychological distress, which was derived from the Maintaining Contact Questionnaire administered about 18 months after the baseline questionnaire (unweighted N = 28,789). RESULTS Findings indicate that being socially isolated and lonely was associated with the most social support gaps; this group also had an increased likelihood of psychological distress, relative to those who were neither socially isolated nor lonely. Participants who were only socially isolated, and those only lonely also perceived some social support gaps. In addition, the only lonely group was more likely to be psychologically distressed than the only socially isolated group and the neither isolated nor lonely group. CONCLUSION Examining the four social isolation/loneliness was useful, as it provided more nuanced risk profiles than would have been possible had we examined social isolation and loneliness separately. Findings may suggest avenues for interventions tailored to the unique needs of at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena H. Menec
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nancy E. Newall
- Department of Psychology, Brandon University, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Shahin Shooshtari
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Scott Nowicki
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
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20
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Musker M, Short C, Licinio J, Wong ML, Bidargaddi N. Using behaviour change theory to inform an innovative digital recruitment strategy in a mental health research setting. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 120:1-13. [PMID: 31610405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recruitment in mental health research is challenging, as some disorders such as depression or schizophrenia may involve vulnerable participants that lack motivation as part of their illness. A mental health diagnosis can be stigmatising, so privacy and access to hospital-based patient cohorts is carefully controlled. Our team describe a pragmatic portal recruitment process for facilitating timely recruitment into multiple research studies focusing on mental health. Three factors were analysed; evaluating the success and impact of this novel recruitment process; identification of patterns in recruitment to better target participants; and provision of metrics of the different media formats engaged. A web-based recruitment portal was developed by the research team in collaboration with the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) Consumer & Carer Research Advisory Group. A comprehensive marketing campaign was then undertaken to direct participants towards the portal. Recruitment insights from the dates and times of registration across a two-year period is provided. In total, 933 potential participants registered with the recruitment portal across a two-year period at a cost of approximately $10,000. The advertisement campaign linked to the portal page enabled 506 participants to register in just one week. The area of research was self-selected by the potential participants, then eligibility was followed up with telephone and face to face interviews. Of the total 933 people who registered 706 (76%) expressed an interest in the target clinical depression study, 119 (13%) opted to be clinical controls, and the remainder chose one of the alternative studies. 240 (26%) of those who registered were excluded through telephone interviews because they fell outside of the strict eligibility criterion. We learnt that 77% (n = 723/933) of participants were recruited within seven days of promotional events, providing an interesting pattern of recruitment that may assist future recruitment design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Musker
- South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Australia; Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia; The University of Adelaide, Adelaide Graduate Centre Level 2, Adelaide, Schulz Building, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Camille Short
- South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Australia; The University of Adelaide, Adelaide Graduate Centre Level 2, Adelaide, Schulz Building, SA, 5000, Australia; University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, Level 7, Redmond Barry Building, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Julio Licinio
- South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Australia; Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia; Upstate Medical University, New York, 155 Elizabeth Blackwell St, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Ma-Li Wong
- South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Australia; Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia; Upstate Medical University, New York, 155 Elizabeth Blackwell St, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Niranjan Bidargaddi
- South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Australia; Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
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21
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Ogbo FA, Kingsley Ezeh O, Dhami MV, Naz S, Khanlari S, McKenzie A, Agho K, Page A, Ussher J, Perz J, Eastwood J. Perinatal Distress and Depression in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) Australian Women: The Role of Psychosocial and Obstetric Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2945. [PMID: 31426304 PMCID: PMC6720521 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal distress and depression can have significant impacts on both the mother and baby. The present study investigated psychosocial and obstetric factors associated with perinatal distress and depressive symptoms among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) Australian women in Sydney, New South Wales. The study used retrospectively linked maternal and child health data from two Local Health Districts in Australia (N = 25,407). Perinatal distress was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS, scores of 10-12) and depressive symptoms, with EPDS scores of 13 or more. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between psychosocial and obstetric factors with perinatal distress and depressive symptoms. The prevalence of perinatal distress and depressive symptoms among CALD Australian women was 10.1% for antenatal distress; 7.3% for antenatal depressive symptoms; 6.2% for postnatal distress and 3.7% for postnatal depressive symptoms. Antenatal distress and depressive symptoms were associated with a lack of partner support, intimate partner violence, maternal history of childhood abuse and being known to child protection services. Antenatal distress and depressive symptoms were strongly associated with postnatal distress and depressive symptoms. Higher socioeconomic status had a protective effect on antenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms. Our study suggests that current perinatal mental health screening and referral for clinical assessment is essential, and also supports a re-examination of perinatal mental health policy to ensure access to culturally responsive mental health care that meets patients' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Akpojene Ogbo
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia.
- General Practice Unit, Prescot Specialist Medical Centre, Welfare Quarters, Makurdi, Benue State 972261, Nigeria.
| | - Osita Kingsley Ezeh
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - Mansi Vijaybhai Dhami
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - Sabrina Naz
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - Sarah Khanlari
- Department of Community Paediatrics, Sydney Local Health District, Croydon Community Health Centre, 24 Liverpool Street, Croydon, NSW 2132, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Anne McKenzie
- Primary & Community Health, Child and Family, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Narellan CHC, NSW 2567, Australia
| | - Kingsley Agho
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - Andrew Page
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - Jane Ussher
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - Janette Perz
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - John Eastwood
- Department of Community Paediatrics, Sydney Local Health District, Croydon Community Health Centre, 24 Liverpool Street, Croydon, NSW 2132, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, 1 Campbell Street, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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22
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Barton CA, Dharmage SC, Lodge CJ, Abramson MJ, Erbas B, Lowe A. Asthma, atopy and serious psychological distress: prevalence and risk factors among young people in the Melbourne atopy cohort study. J Asthma 2019; 57:1323-1331. [PMID: 31380704 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2019.1645850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: While atopic conditions are associated with increased risk of mental health problems, the evidence that a range of allergic conditions are associated with psychological distress in young people is less clear.Methods: We recruited a longitudinal birth cohort study of 620 children with a family history of allergic disease. At the 18-year follow up, atopic sensitization was determined by skin prick testing. Surveys were used to determine psychological distress (Kessler 6), quality of life (SF12), respiratory symptoms and management, presence of current eczema and hay fever. Regression models were used to identify predictors of psychological distress and quality of life, while controlling for potential confounders.Results: Prevalence of serious psychological distress was quite low (n = 22, 5.3%), and there were no associations between psychological distress and current atopic sensitization, symptoms of hay fever, eczema or asthma. Smoking status and lower level of maternal education were associated with lower physical quality of life (SF12 PCS subscale). Psychological distress total score, lower maternal education, smoking, female sex, and current eczema were associated with worse mental quality of life (SF12 MCS subscale).Conclusion: We found relatively low levels of psychological distress in this cohort of young adults, despite a high prevalence of allergic diseases. Positive social factors may serve to buffer psychological distress amongst the cohort accounting for the low prevalence of serious psychological distress observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Barton
- Department of General Practice, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caroline J Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bircan Erbas
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adrian Lowe
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Bartram M. Income-based inequities in access to mental health services in Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2019; 110:395-403. [PMID: 30989633 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-019-00204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While mental health services provided by general practitioners and psychiatrists can be billed to public health insurance programs in Canada, services provided by psychologists, social workers and other non-physician providers cannot. This study assesses the extent to which access to mental health services varies by income after first taking into account the higher concentration of mental health needs at lower income levels. METHOD Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2013-2014 are used to calculate need-standardized concentration indices for access to mental health services. RESULTS More pro-rich utilization of mental health services provided by non-physicians and more equitable utilization of physician services is found for psychologists and general practitioners, but not for social workers, nurses and psychiatrists. Unmet need for healthcare for mental health problems is found to be more pro-poor than unmet need for physical health problems. CONCLUSION By standardizing for inequitable distribution of mental health need, this study provides strong evidence that income-based inequity in access to mental health services is an issue under Canada's two-tier system, particularly with regard to general practitioners and psychologists. For other types of providers, the results suggest that inequities in service utilization vary not just by Medicare coverage but also by service settings and target populations. Despite these variations, greater inequities in unmet need for mental health care than for physical health care suggest that inequity is the dominant reality for Canadians. The results provide a baseline that could be used to assess the equity impacts of policy reforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Bartram
- Carleton University's School of Public Policy and Administration, Ottawa, Canada. .,Faculty of Law and the Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, 1130 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.
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Diminic S, Bartram M. Does Introducing Public Funding for Allied Health Psychotherapy Lead to Reductions in Private Insurance Claims? Lessons for Canada from the Australian Experience. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2019; 64:68-76. [PMID: 29925270 PMCID: PMC6364136 DOI: 10.1177/0706743718784941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Provincial and territorial governments are considering how best to improve access to psychotherapy from the current patchwork of programmes. To achieve the best value for money, new funding needs to reach a wider population rather than simply replacing services funded through insurance benefits. We considered lessons for Canada from the relative uptake of private insurance and public funding for allied health psychotherapy in Australia. METHOD We analysed published administrative claims data from 2003-2004 to 2014-2015 on Australian privately insured psychologist services, publicly insured psychotherapy under the 'Better Access' initiative, and public grant funding for psychotherapy through the 'Access to Allied Psychological Services' programme. Utilisation was compared to the prevalence of mental disorders and treatment rates in the 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. RESULTS The introduction of public funding for psychotherapy led to a 52.1% reduction in private insurance claims. Costs per session were more than double under private insurance and likely contributed to individuals with private coverage choosing to instead access public programmes. However, despite substantial community unmet need, we estimate just 0.4% of the population made private insurance claims in the 2006-2007 period. By contrast, from its introduction, growth in the utilisation of Better Access quickly dwarfed other programmes and led to significantly increased community access to treatment. CONCLUSIONS Although insurance in Canada is sponsored by employers, psychology claims also appear surprisingly low, and unmet need similarly high. Careful consideration will be needed in designing publicly funded psychotherapy programmes to prepare for the high demand while minimizing reductions in private insurance claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Diminic
- 1 School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,2 Policy and Epidemiology Group, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,3 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, Canada
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25
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Australia introduced the Better Access scheme in late 2006, which resulted in a large increase in the provision of mental health services by general practitioners (GPs), clinical psychologists, other psychologists and allied health professionals. It is unknown whether this increase in services has had an effect on the mental health of the population. METHODS The following data were examined: per capita use of mental health services provided by GPs, clinical psychologists, other psychologists, allied health professionals and psychiatrists from 2006 to 2015 according to the Australian Government Department of Human Services; prevalence of psychological distress in adults (as measured by the K10) from National Health Surveys in 2001, 2004-2005, 2007-2008, 2011-2012 and 2014-2015; and the annual suicide rate from 2001 to 2015 according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics. RESULTS The large increase in the use of mental health services after the introduction of the Better Access scheme had no detectable effect on the prevalence of very high psychological distress or the suicide rate. CONCLUSION Better Access has not had a detectable effect on the mental health of the Australian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F Jorm
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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