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Ramos B, Dion J, Bőthe B, Girouard A, Hébert M, Wong E, Bergeron S. Cumulative interpersonal childhood adversity and post-traumatic stress symptoms across heterosexual, cisgender and gender and sexually diverse adolescents: The mediating role of emotion regulation. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 124:105454. [PMID: 34991013 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion regulation has been identified as an explanatory factor in the association between interpersonal childhood adversity and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). However, most studies focused on adults or older adolescents, neglecting youth from the community, especially gender and sexually diverse (GSD) adolescents, who have a higher risk for exposure to adverse events and psychological difficulties, compared to their heterosexual, cisgender (HC) peers. OBJECTIVE The present cross-sectional study aimed to examine the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties in the association between cumulative interpersonal childhood adversity and PTSS across HC and GSD adolescents. METHODS A sample of 2904 ninth grade students (Mage = 14.53, SD = 0.61) completed a self-report survey. Multigroup path analyses were conducted to examine the proposed mediation model in all groups, and comparisons were made using chi-square difference tests. RESULTS Greater difficulties in emotion regulation mediated the association between greater cumulative interpersonal childhood adversity (β = 0.36, p < .001) and greater PTSS (β = 0.35, p < .001) - regardless of HC or GSD status - although the direct association between cumulative interpersonal childhood adversity and PTSS was significantly stronger among GSD boys (β = 0.36, p < .001) and GSD girls (β = 0.35, p < .001) than among HC boys (β = 0.21, p < .001) and HC girls (β = 0.25, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Findings offer a modifiable target for prevention and/or intervention among middle adolescents, as emotion regulation difficulties may partially explain the presence of PTSS following cumulative interpersonal childhood adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Ramos
- Université de Montréal, Département de psychologie, C. P. 6128 succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Jacinthe Dion
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des sciences de la santé, 555 boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada.
| | - Beáta Bőthe
- Université de Montréal, Département de psychologie, C. P. 6128 succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Alice Girouard
- Université de Montréal, Département de psychologie, C. P. 6128 succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Martine Hébert
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département de sexologie, C. P. 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Eric Wong
- Université de Montréal, Département de psychologie, C. P. 6128 succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Sophie Bergeron
- Université de Montréal, Département de psychologie, C. P. 6128 succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Donadon MF, Martin-Santos R, L Osório F. Oxytocin effects on the cognition of women with postpartum depression: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110098. [PMID: 32937192 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most common mental disorders in the perinatal period is postpartum depression (PPD), which is associated with impaired emotional functioning due to alterations in different cognitive aspects including thought and facial emotion recognition (FER). Emotional impairments may affect the interaction and care offered to infants and their later development and therefore interventions with potential to minimize impairments associated with PPD are opportune. Oxytocin (OXT) was shown to have therapeutic properties associated with the promotion of affiliative and pro-social behaviors in different mental disorders. Few studies have assessed its therapeutic potential in PPD. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of the acute administration of intranasal OXT (24 IU) on FER of baby faces and negative thoughts after delivery in mothers with and without PPD. METHODS We conducted a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a crossover design involving mothers with PPD (N = 20) and without PPD (N = 35) in the puerperium. Participants completed a static task of FER of baby faces and a questionnaire of post-natal negative thoughts. RESULTS Mothers with PPD had increased scores of negative thoughts about motherhood/infants, but no impairments in FER, when compared to healthy mothers. OXT had no effects on the rates of correct judgments or response times in the FER task, but was associated with response biases to facial happiness and the reduction of negative thoughts in mothers with PPD. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION OXT may have positive effects on maternal affiliative behavior, maternal care, and mother-infant interactions as suggested by changes found in different cognitive aspects, thus minimizing the deleterious effects of PPD on child development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocio Martin-Santos
- Servicio de Psiquiatria y Psicología, Hospital Clinic, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Flávia L Osório
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; National Institute for Science and Technology (INCT-TM, CNPq), Brasília, Brazil.
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Janiri D, Moccia L, Dattoli L, Pepe M, Molinaro M, De Martin V, Chieffo D, Di Nicola M, Fiorillo A, Janiri L, Sani G. Emotional dysregulation mediates the impact of childhood trauma on psychological distress: First Italian data during the early phase of COVID-19 outbreak. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2021; 55:1071-1078. [PMID: 33715469 DOI: 10.1177/0004867421998802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic represents an unprecedented traumatic stressor to mental health. Psychological distress is considered a reliable proxy for psychopathology and can be negatively influenced by childhood trauma through sensitization effects. Emotion dysregulation has been proposed as a potential mediator of this mechanism. We aimed to test this hypothesis in a national Italian sample assessed in the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. METHODS We investigated the relationship between psychological distress and childhood trauma in 500 healthy participants assessed through a survey-based study, after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic lockdown in Italy. Levels of psychological distress and history of childhood trauma were obtained using the Kessler-10 (K10) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, respectively. We used bootstrapped mediation analysis to test the mediator role of emotional dysregulation, measured through the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, on the effect of childhood trauma on psychological distress. RESULTS In total, 190 (38%) reported psychological distress related to the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. Individuals with psychological distress experienced more childhood trauma, specifically emotional abuse (F = 23.51, df = 1, p < 0.001) and neglect (F = 10.98, df = 1, p = 0.001). After modelling the effect of emotional dysregulation, the impact of childhood trauma on coronavirus disease 2019-related psychological distress resulted in indirect effects and mediated by deficits in emotion regulation mechanisms (bootstrapped lower level of confidence interval = 0.345, upper level of confidence interval = 0.598). CONCLUSION Childhood trauma is associated with increased vulnerability to the stressful effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. Our data suggest that emotional dysregulation may represent a dimension mediating the impact of childhood trauma on coronavirus disease 2019-related psychological distress and may be considered as specific target for interventions aiming at empowering resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina Janiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moccia
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Dattoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pepe
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Molinaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina De Martin
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Chieffo
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Di Nicola
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Janiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Layfield SD, Duffy LA, Phillips KA, Lardenoije R, Klengel T, Ressler KJ. Multiomic biological approaches to the study of child abuse and neglect. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 210:173271. [PMID: 34508786 PMCID: PMC8501413 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment, occurring in up to 20-30% of the population, remains far too common, and incorporates a range of active and passive factors, from abuse, to neglect, to the impacts of broader structural and systemic adversity. Despite the effects of childhood maltreatment and adversity on a wide range of adult physical and psychological negative outcomes, not all individuals respond similarly. Understanding the differential biological mechanisms contributing to risk vs. resilience in the face of developmental adversity is critical to improving preventions, treatments, and policy recommendations. This review begins by providing an overview of childhood abuse, neglect, maltreatment, threat, and toxic stress, and the effects of these forms of adversity on the developing body, brain, and behavior. It then examines examples from the current literature of genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic discoveries and biomarkers that may help to understand risk and resilience in the aftermath of trauma, predictors of traumatic exposure risk, and potential targets for intervention and prevention. While the majority of genetic, epigenetic, and gene expression analyses to date have focused on targeted genes and hypotheses, large-scale consortia are now well-positioned to better understand interactions of environment and biology with much more statistical power. Ongoing and future work aimed at understanding the biology of childhood adversity and its effects will help to provide targets for intervention and prevention, as well as identify paths for how science, health care, and policy can combine efforts to protect and promote the psychological and physiological wellbeing of future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah Dee Layfield
- Depression & Anxiety Division, McLean Hospital, Mass General Brigham, Belmont, MA, United States of America
| | - Lucie Anne Duffy
- Depression & Anxiety Division, McLean Hospital, Mass General Brigham, Belmont, MA, United States of America
| | - Karlye Allison Phillips
- Depression & Anxiety Division, McLean Hospital, Mass General Brigham, Belmont, MA, United States of America
| | - Roy Lardenoije
- Depression & Anxiety Division, McLean Hospital, Mass General Brigham, Belmont, MA, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Torsten Klengel
- Depression & Anxiety Division, McLean Hospital, Mass General Brigham, Belmont, MA, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, United States of America
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Depression & Anxiety Division, McLean Hospital, Mass General Brigham, Belmont, MA, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, United States of America.
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Butt M, Espinal E, Aupperle RL, Nikulina V, Stewart JL. The Electrical Aftermath: Brain Signals of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Filtered Through a Clinical Lens. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:368. [PMID: 31214058 PMCID: PMC6555259 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to identify patterns of electrical signals identified using electroencephalography (EEG) linked to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis and symptom dimensions. We filter EEG findings through a clinical lens, evaluating nuances in findings according to study criteria and participant characteristics. Within the EEG frequency domain, greater right than left parietal asymmetry in alpha band power is the most promising marker of PTSD symptoms and is linked to exaggerated physiological arousal that may impair filtering of environmental distractors. The most consistent findings within the EEG time domain focused on event related potentials (ERPs) include: 1) exaggerated frontocentral responses (contingent negative variation, mismatch negativity, and P3a amplitudes) to task-irrelevant distractors, and 2) attenuated parietal responses (P3b amplitudes) to task-relevant target stimuli. These findings suggest that some individuals with PTSD suffer from attention dysregulation, which could contribute to problems concentrating on daily tasks and goals in lieu of threatening distractors. Future research investigating the utility of alpha asymmetry and frontoparietal ERPs as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers or intervention targets are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamona Butt
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth Espinal
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, United States
| | - Robin L Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States.,Department of Community Medicine, Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Valentina Nikulina
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, United States.,Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States.,Department of Community Medicine, Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
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