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Vazquez M, Palo A, Schuyler M, Small BJ, McGuire JF, Wilhelm S, Goodman WK, Geller D, Storch EA. The Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Symptom Severity, Negative Thinking, Comorbidity, and Treatment Response in Youth with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:1201-1210. [PMID: 36547756 PMCID: PMC10285027 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although youth and adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) endorse elevated incidence of exposure to traumatic life events during childhood, the existing literature on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and OCD is mixed and studies focusing on pediatric OCD are limited. The present study examines the relationship between ACEs and OCD onset, symptom severity, negative cognitive patterns, comorbidity, and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) response in 142 children and adolescents with OCD. ACEs were ascertained from parent reports. Most parents reported child exposure to ACEs. Out of the parents who reported ACEs, 50% reported ACE exposure prior to OCD diagnosis and 50% reported ACE exposure after OCD diagnosis. No significant associations between ACEs and comorbidity or CBT response were found, suggesting that CBT for pediatric OCD is effective regardless of ACE exposure. Family financial problems were associated with increased obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and negative thinking. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Vazquez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amanda Palo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph F McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabine Wilhelm
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wayne K Goodman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel Geller
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric A Storch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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2
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Muthukumaran M, Selvaraj S, Balachander S, Nadella RK, Sreeraj VS, Jayasankar P, Nayok SB, Mullappagari S, Narayan S, Kumar P, Kannampuzha AJ, Alexander AC, Dayalamurthy P, Bhattacharya M, Joseph MS, Sheth S, Puzhakkal JC, Thatikonda NS, Ithal D, Viswanath B, Moirangthem S, Venkatasubramanian G, John JP, Thirthalli J, Reddy YCJ, Benegal V, Varghese M, Jain S. Shared deficits of education, marital and occupational functioning in unaffected siblings of multiple affected families with major psychiatric illness. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 101:104216. [PMID: 39243658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major psychiatric illnesses often cluster in families, and their impact on affected and unaffected members within families may reflect the consequence of both genetic and social liability. METHODS Data was derived from 202 families with multiple affected individuals. Affected individuals (N = 259) had a diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder or substance use disorder. For comparison, we used the unaffected siblings from the same families (N = 229) and a matched random subset of healthy control (HC) data (N = 229) from India's National Mental Health Survey, 2016 (NMHS). We compared the three groups' educational attainment, functional marital status, and occupational status. RESULTS The highest educational attainment was significantly different between the groups. The affected and unaffected siblings had poorer educational attainment compared to HC. Similarly, the affected and unaffected siblings more often remained single, in contrast to HC. Moreover, employment rates were significantly higher in the unaffected siblings, especially female siblings. Overall, females had spent fewer years at school, were primarily married, and were majority homemakers across the three groups compared to males. DISCUSSION Affected and unaffected siblings had lower education and marriage rates than HC. The unaffected siblings were more likely to be employed than HC. Whether the poor educational attainment and lower marriage rates in unaffected siblings is a biological marker of shared endophenotype or the effect of the social burden of having an affected family member requires further systematic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moorthy Muthukumaran
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Sowmya Selvaraj
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Srinivas Balachander
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Nadella
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Vanteemar S Sreeraj
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Pavithra Jayasankar
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India.
| | - Swarna Buddha Nayok
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Sreenivasulu Mullappagari
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Shruthi Narayan
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Anand Jose Kannampuzha
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Alen Chandy Alexander
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Pavithra Dayalamurthy
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Mahashweta Bhattacharya
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Mino Susan Joseph
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Sweta Sheth
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Joan C Puzhakkal
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Navya Spurthi Thatikonda
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Dhruva Ithal
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Biju Viswanath
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India.
| | - Sydney Moirangthem
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - John P John
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Jagadisha Thirthalli
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Y C Janardhan Reddy
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Mathew Varghese
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
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3
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Sreenivasulu M., Prathyusha V, Ezhumalai S, Narayanan G, Murthy P. Adverse Childhood Experiences, Coping and Resilience in Persons with Alcohol Use Disorder and Their Non-drinking Siblings in High-density Families: A Case-control Study. Indian J Psychol Med 2024; 46:139-146. [PMID: 38725730 PMCID: PMC11076933 DOI: 10.1177/02537176231219769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the odds of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Aim To study the ACEs, coping, and resilience in persons with AUD and their non-drinking siblings from high-density families. Methods The study used a case-control study design. Using purposive sampling, 135 participants were selected; the sample consists of persons with AUD (n = 45), non-drinking siblings (n = 45), and healthy controls (n = 45), selected from out-patient and in-patient services from a government-run de-addiction centre in Bengaluru. Individuals were administered an ACEs questionnaire, Brief-COPE, and Connor-Davison Resilience scale. Descriptive statistics, Friedman's test, and Bonferroni's post-hoc test, Binary Logistic Regression were used for analysis. Results ACEs, coping, and resilience significantly differ across the three groups. Persons with AUD and their non-drinking siblings are comparable in terms of ACEs and having dysfunctional family members. Non-drinking siblings and healthy controls have similar coping and resilience. None of the healthy controls had dysfunctional family members. Conclusion ACEs are more prevalent and more frequent in persons with AUD. Individuals with AUD showed higher avoidant coping and lower resilience than their non-drinking siblings and healthy controls. Early identification of ACEs and interventions to build resilience and coping strategies could prevent individuals from developing AUD in high-density families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenivasulu M.
- Dept. of Psychiatric Social Work, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vasuki Prathyusha
- Dept of Bio-Statistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sinu Ezhumalai
- Dept. of Psychiatric Social Work, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Pratima Murthy
- Dept of Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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4
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Borrelli DF, Dell'Uva L, Provettini A, Gambolò L, Di Donna A, Ottoni R, Marchesi C, Tonna M. The Relationship between Childhood Trauma Experiences and Psychotic Vulnerability in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: An Italian Cross-Sectional Study. Brain Sci 2024; 14:116. [PMID: 38391690 PMCID: PMC10887048 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
People with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) are at increased risk of developing psychotic disorders; yet little is known about specific clinical features which might hint at this vulnerability. The present study was aimed at elucidating the pathophysiological mechanism linking OCD to psychosis through the investigation of childhood trauma experiences in adolescents and adults with OCD. One hundred outpatients, aged between 12 and 65 years old, were administered the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and its Child version (CY-BOCS), as well as the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ); Cognitive-Perceptual basic symptoms (COPER) and high-risk criterion Cognitive Disturbances (COGDIS) were assessed in the study sample. Greater childhood trauma experiences were found to predict psychotic vulnerability (p = 0.018), as well as more severe OCD symptoms (p = 0.010) and an earlier age of OCD onset (p = 0.050). Participants with psychotic vulnerability reported higher scores on childhood trauma experiences (p = 0.02), specifically in the emotional neglect domain (p = 0.01). In turn, emotional neglect and psychotic vulnerability were found higher in the pediatric group than in the adult group (p = 0.01). Our findings suggest that childhood trauma in people with OCD may represent an indicator of psychotic vulnerability, especially in those with an earlier OCD onset. Research on the pathogenic pathways linking trauma, OCD, and psychosis is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Fausto Borrelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Service, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Laura Dell'Uva
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Provettini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Gambolò
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Di Donna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Rebecca Ottoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Service, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Marchesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Service, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Tonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Service, 43125 Parma, Italy
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5
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Basu D, Ghosh A, Naskar C, Balachander S, Fernandes G, Vaidya N, Kumaran K, Krishna M, Barker GJ, Sharma E, Murthy P, Holla B, Jain S, Orfanos DP, Kalyanram K, Purushottam M, Bharath RD, Varghese M, Thennarasu K, Chakrabarti A, Singh RL, Singh RL, Nanjayya SB, Ahuja CK, Kartik K, Krishnaveni G, Kuriyan R, Kurpad SS, Desrivieres S, Iyengar U, Zhang Y, Hickman M, Spiers A, Toledano M, Schumann G, Benegal V. Risk clustering and psychopathology from a multi-center cohort of Indian children, adolescents, and young adults. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:800-808. [PMID: 35393927 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Developmental adversities early in life are associated with later psychopathology. Clustering may be a useful approach to group multiple diverse risks together and study their relation with psychopathology. To generate risk clusters of children, adolescents, and young adults, based on adverse environmental exposure and developmental characteristics, and to examine the association of risk clusters with manifest psychopathology. Participants (n = 8300) between 6 and 23 years were recruited from seven sites in India. We administered questionnaires to elicit history of previous exposure to adverse childhood environments, family history of psychiatric disorders in first-degree relatives, and a range of antenatal and postnatal adversities. We used these variables to generate risk clusters. Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-5 was administered to evaluate manifest psychopathology. Two-step cluster analysis revealed two clusters designated as high-risk cluster (HRC) and low-risk cluster (LRC), comprising 4197 (50.5%) and 4103 (49.5%) participants, respectively. HRC had higher frequencies of family history of mental illness, antenatal and neonatal risk factors, developmental delays, history of migration, and exposure to adverse childhood experiences than LRC. There were significantly higher risks of any psychiatric disorder [Relative Risk (RR) = 2.0, 95% CI 1.8-2.3], externalizing (RR = 4.8, 95% CI 3.6-6.4) and internalizing disorders (RR = 2.6, 95% CI 2.2-2.9), and suicidality (2.3, 95% CI 1.8-2.8) in HRC. Social-environmental and developmental factors could classify Indian children, adolescents and young adults into homogeneous clusters at high or low risk of psychopathology. These biopsychosocial determinants of mental health may have practice, policy and research implications for people in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Basu
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Abhishek Ghosh
- Drug Deaddiction and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Chandrima Naskar
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Srinivas Balachander
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Gwen Fernandes
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nilakshi Vaidya
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Charité Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kalyanaraman Kumaran
- Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Murali Krishna
- Foundation for Research and Advocacy in Mental Health, Mysore, India
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eesha Sharma
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Pratima Murthy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Bharath Holla
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Kartik Kalyanram
- Rishi Valley, Rural Health Centre, Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Meera Purushottam
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Mathew Varghese
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Kandavel Thennarasu
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Amit Chakrabarti
- Centre on Non-Communicable Diseases Division of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Kolkata, India
| | - Rajkumar Lenin Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Roshan Lourembam Singh
- Department of Psychology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | | | - Chirag Kamal Ahuja
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kamakshi Kartik
- Rishi Valley, Rural Health Centre, Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ghattu Krishnaveni
- Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India
| | - Rebecca Kuriyan
- Division of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Sunita Simon Kurpad
- Department of Psychiatry & Department of Medical Ethics, St. John's Medical College & Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Sylvane Desrivieres
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, MRC Social, Genetic, Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Udita Iyengar
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, MRC Social, Genetic, Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, MRC Social, Genetic, Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Alex Spiers
- Department for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College of Science, London, UK
| | - Mireille Toledano
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Charité Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and PONS Centre, Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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6
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Lakkireddy SP, Balachander S, Dayalamurthy P, Bhattacharya M, Joseph MS, Kumar P, Kannampuzha AJ, Mallappagari S, Narayana S, Alexander AC, Muthukumaran M, Sheth S, Puzhakkal JC, Ramesh V, Thatikonda NS, Selvaraj S, Ithal D, Sreeraj VS, Mahadevan J, Holla B, Venkatasubramanian G, John JP, Murthy P, Benegal V, Reddy YCJ, Jain S, Viswanath B. Neurocognition and its association with adverse childhood experiences and familial risk of mental illness. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 119:110620. [PMID: 35995305 PMCID: PMC7615105 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors such as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may affect neurocognition, an endophenotype for several mental illnesses. This study examines the effect of ACEs on neurocognitive performance in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with severe mental illness to determine whether familial risk has a moderating effect on the relationship between ACEs and neurocognition. Unaffected FDRs from multiplex families with severe mental illnesses (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or alcohol use disorder) (n = 324) and healthy controls (with no familial risk) (n = 188) underwent neurocognitive tests for processing speed, new learning, working memory and Theory of Mind. ACEs were measured using the WHO ACE-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ). Regression models were done to predict each neurocognitive domain by the effect of familial risk, ACE-IQ Score and their interaction (familial risk*ACE-IQ score). The main effect of familial risk predicted poor performance in all domains of neurocognition (p < 0.01), and the interaction had a negative association with global neurocognition (β = -0.093, p = 0.009), processing speed (β = -0.109, p = 0.003) and working memory (β = -0.092, p = 0.01). Among the ACEs sub-domains, only maltreatment (specifically the main effect of physical neglect and the interaction effect of sexual abuse with familial risk) predicted poorer neurocognition. In FDRs of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, only the main effects of familial risk were significantly associated with poorer neurocognition. We conclude that there is a relationship between ACEs (especially maltreatment) and neurocognitive functioning, which is moderated by the familial risk of mental illnesses. Genetic/familial vulnerability may have a stronger association with neurocognition in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Priya Lakkireddy
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas Balachander
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Pavithra Dayalamurthy
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahashweta Bhattacharya
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mino Susan Joseph
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anand Jose Kannampuzha
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sreenivasulu Mallappagari
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shruthi Narayana
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Alen Chandy Alexander
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Moorthy Muthukumaran
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sweta Sheth
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Joan C Puzhakkal
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinutha Ramesh
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Navya Spurthi Thatikonda
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sowmya Selvaraj
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhruva Ithal
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vanteemar S Sreeraj
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayant Mahadevan
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bharath Holla
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - John P John
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pratima Murthy
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Y C Janardhan Reddy
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Biju Viswanath
- Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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Wang L, Zou HO, Liu J, Hong JF. Associations between adverse childhood experiences and overweight, obese, smoking and binge drinking among adult patients with depression in China. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ali F, Sreeraj VS, Nadella RK, Holla B, Mahadevan J, Ithal D, Balachander S, Viswanath B, Venkatasubramanian G, John JP, Reddy YCJ, Jain S. Estimating the familial risk of psychiatric illnesses: A review of family history scores. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 56:102551. [PMID: 33453492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A history of psychiatric illnesses in family members of those diagnosed to have an illness has been of significant interest both in research and in clinical practice. Almost all of the major psychiatric illnesses have a familial component to them, perhaps influenced by genetics and a shared environment or their combination. Systematic attempts have been made to quantify these familial risks, as obtained from family history (FH) of psychiatric illnesses. The methods range from a simple dichotomous or count scores to those quantifying as weighted risks such as the Family history density (FHD) measures. This article reviews the available literature on such FH methods and discusses their advantages and limitations. Validation studies have shown that FHD measures may be preferred over dichotomous measures as indicators of familial risk. However, the FHD method has certain limitations, like mostly relying on categorical diagnosis and ignoring other familial risk factors. By critically analysing various existing density measures based on 'ideal characteristics', we suggest a modified version of FHD that would benefit psychiatric research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkhan Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru
| | - Vanteemar S Sreeraj
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru.
| | - Ravi Kumar Nadella
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru
| | - Bharath Holla
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru
| | - Jayant Mahadevan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru
| | - Dhruva Ithal
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru
| | - Srinivas Balachander
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru
| | - Biju Viswanath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru
| | | | - John P John
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru
| | - Y C Janardhan Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru
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