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Bollinger RM, Krauss MJ, Somerville EK, Holden BM, Blenden G, Hollingsworth H, Keleman AA, Carter A, McBride TD, Barker AR, Yan Y, Stark SL. Rehabilitation Transition Program to Improve Community Participation Among Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2437758. [PMID: 39374016 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.37758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Interventions are needed to support the long-term needs of stroke survivors when they transition from inpatient rehabilitation to home, where they face new home and community environmental barriers. Objective To compare the efficacy of a novel, enhanced rehabilitation transition program with attentional control to improve community participation and activity of daily living (ADL) performance and to reduce environmental barriers in the home and community after stroke. Design, Setting, and Participants This phase 2b, parallel randomized clinical trial assessed patients 50 years or older who had experienced an acute ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage, were independent in ADLs before stroke, and planned to be discharged home. Patients were assessed at an inpatient rehabilitation facility in St Louis, Missouri, and their homes from January 9, 2018, to December 20, 2023. Intervention Community Participation Transition after Stroke (COMPASS), including home modifications and strategy training. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was community participation (Reintegration to Normal Living Index). Secondary outcomes were daily activity performance (Stroke Impact Scale ADL domain and the In-Home Occupational Performance Evaluation [I-HOPE] activity, performance, and satisfaction scores) and environmental barriers in the home (I-HOPE environmental barriers score). Results A total of 185 participants (mean [SD] age, 66.3 [9.0] years; 105 [56.8%] male) were randomized (85 to the COMPASS group and 100 to the control group). The COMPASS and control participants experienced similar improvements in community participation by 12 months, with no significant group (mean difference, 0.3; 95% CI, -4.6 to 5.2; P = .91) or group × time interaction (between-group differences in changes over time, 1.3; 95% CI, -7.1 to 9.6; P = .76) effects. Improvements in I-HOPE performance and satisfaction scores were greater for COMPASS participants than control participants at 12 months (between-group differences in changes for performance: 0.39; 95% CI, 0.01-0.77; P = .046; satisfaction: 0.52; 95% CI, 0.08-0.96; P = .02). The COMPASS participants had greater improvements for I-HOPE environmental barriers than the control participants (P = .003 for interaction), with the largest differences at 6 months (between-group differences in changes: -15.3; 95% CI -24.4 to -6.2). Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial of stroke survivors, participants in both groups experienced improvements in community participation. COMPASS participants had greater improvements in self-rated performance and satisfaction with performing daily activities as well as a greater reduction in environmental barriers than control participants. COMPASS reduced environmental barriers and improved performance of daily activities for stroke survivors as they transitioned from inpatient rehabilitation to home. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03485820.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Bollinger
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Melissa J Krauss
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Emily K Somerville
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Brianna M Holden
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Gabrielle Blenden
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Holly Hollingsworth
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Audrey A Keleman
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Alexandre Carter
- Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Timothy D McBride
- Center for Advancing Health Services, Economics, and Policy Research, Institute for Public Health at Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Abigail R Barker
- Center for Advancing Health Services, Economics, and Policy Research, Institute for Public Health at Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Susan L Stark
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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Friedman C, VanPuymbrouck L. Environmental Modifications for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Policy Analysis of Medicaid Home- and Community-Based Services. Am J Occup Ther 2024; 78:7803205090. [PMID: 38767469 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2024.050393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Environmental modifications are targets for occupational therapy intervention because they support activities of daily living, self-efficacy, personal control, independence, and community living for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs). OBJECTIVE To examine how environmental modifications were provided to people with IDDs through Medicaid home- and community-based services (HCBS) waivers across the United States in fiscal year (FY) 2021. DESIGN Using a mixed-methods policy analysis, we examined FY 2021 Medicaid HCBS 1915(c) waivers from across the United States to examine whether, and how, states provided environmental modifications to people with IDDs. RESULTS In FY 2021, 35 states projected spending $68.8 million on environmental modifications for 12,671 people with IDDs. The purpose of environmental modifications was most often to promote the health, welfare, and safety of people with IDDs (82.68%), and to promote their independence (69.29%). The most common examples of environmental modifications included ramps and/or lifts (70.08%), widening doorways and/or hallways (61.42%), bathroom modifications (58.27%), specialized electrical and/or plumbing for medical equipment (54.33%), and grab bars and/or handrails (53.54%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE HCBS waiver data on environmental modifications for people with IDDs enhances an understanding of this funding source and provides a foundation of advocacy for occupational therapy practitioners to support people with IDDs with living, as well as aging, in the community rather than in institutions. An expansion of environmental modifications in HCBS for people with IDDs aligns with the aim of Medicaid HCBS waivers to promote community integration, self-determination, and independence, which are all benefits of environmental modifications. Plain-Language Summary: This study can help occupational therapy practitioners determine what funding sources are available in their state to help their clients with intellectual and developmental disabilities access environmental modifications. The findings can also help guide advocacy and lobbying efforts to expand access to environmental modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carli Friedman
- Carli Friedman, PhD, is Director of Research, The Council on Quality and Leadership, Towson, MD;
| | - Laura VanPuymbrouck
- Laura VanPuymbrouck, PhD, OTR/L, is Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Rush University, Chicago, IL
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Somerville E, Yan Y, Stark S. A Process Evaluation of a Fall Prevention Intervention Using the RE-AIM Framework. OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2024; 44:278-286. [PMID: 37401744 DOI: 10.1177/15394492231182398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Home hazard removal programs are effective in reducing falls among older adults, but delivery in the United States is limited. OBJECTIVES We completed a process evaluation of the Home Hazard Removal Program (HARP), an intervention delivered by occupational therapists. METHODS Using the RE-AIM framework (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance), we examined outcomes using descriptive statistics and frequency distribution. We examined differences between covariates using Pearson correlation coefficients and two-sample t tests. RESULTS 79.1% of eligible older adults participated (reach); they experienced a 38% reduction in fall rates (effectiveness). Ninety percent of recommended strategies were completed (adoption), 99% of intervention elements were delivered (implementation), and 91% of strategies were still used at 12 months (maintenance). Participants received an average of 258.6 minutes of occupational therapy. An average of US$765.83 was spent per participant to deliver the intervention. CONCLUSIONS HARP has good reach, effectiveness, adherence, implementation, and maintenance and is a low-cost intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Yan
- Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
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Orellano-Colón EM, Rivero-Méndez M, Ralat-Fonseca BN, Varas-Díaz N, Lizama-Troncoso M, Jiménez-Velázquez IZ, Jutai JW. Multilevel barriers to using assistive technology devices among older hispanics from poor and disadvantaged communities: the relevance of a gender analysis. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2024; 19:682-698. [PMID: 36170426 PMCID: PMC10043044 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2022.2117427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To get a rich description of the barriers to using assistive technology (AT) among men and women ≥65 years living in poor and disadvantaged communities in Puerto Rico, an issue not well described among older people. METHODS We conducted qualitative interviews assisted by videos of AT and guided by the Matching Person and Technology Model and the Gender Analysis Framework with a purposive sample of 23 men and women. Participants were asked questions regarding reasons for not using AT, willingness for using AT, their identified gender roles and gender-related activities, and bargaining positions. They were also asked about their access to resources to acquire AT, bargaining positions, the stigma associated with AT use, and the characteristics of AT. Directed content analysis with input from a Community Advisory Board was used for the interpretation of the results. RESULTS The predominant barrier (for both men and women) to using AT devices were: lack of information about AT s and access to money for their purchase, lack of availability and cost of such devices, and (self)-stigma. More women than men experienced limited access to AT services, limited access to and control of money, limited skills for using AT, and less bargaining power for making independent decisions. More men than women expressed a lack of functional need and personal preferences other than using AT devices for managing difficulties in activities. CONCLUSION There are gender differences concerning the multilevel barriers to using AT devices among older Hispanics residing in low-income communities.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONOlder Hispanic men and women in this study experienced different obstacles to using assistive technology (AT) they need for compensating their functional disabilities in daily living activities.Women in this study reported having less access to money and AT services, diminished skills for using AT devices, and less power to make independent decisions to access AT devices compared to men.To ensure the equitable provision of AT, cultural as well as gender-related factors concerning AT use need to be considered.Future research should focus on women's functional health, also should focus on the development of gender-sensitive and culturally competent AT interventions to improve older Hispanics from poor communities function and opportunities for ageing at their homes and in their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa M Orellano-Colón
- Occupational Therapy Program, School of Health Professions, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | | | | | - Nelson Varas-Díaz
- Global and Sociocultural Studies, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey W Jutai
- Interdisciplinary School of Science, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Aclan R, George S, Laver K. A Digital Tool for the Self-Assessment of Homes to Increase Age-Friendliness: Validity Study. JMIR Aging 2023; 6:e49500. [PMID: 37883134 PMCID: PMC10636613 DOI: 10.2196/49500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-friendly environments in homes and communities play an important role in optimizing the health and well-being of society. Older people have strong preferences for remaining at home as they age. Home environment assessment tools that enable older people to assess their homes and prepare for aging in place may be beneficial. OBJECTIVE This study aims to establish the validity of a digital self-assessment tool by assessing it against the current gold standard, an occupational therapy home assessment. METHODS A cohort of adults aged ≥60 years living in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, assessed their homes using a digital self-assessment tool with 89 questions simultaneously with an occupational therapist. Adults who were living within their homes and did not have significant levels of disabilities were recruited. Cohen κ and Gwet AC1 were used to assess validity. RESULTS A total of 61 participants (age: mean 71.2, SD 7.03 years) self-assessed their own homes using the digital self-assessment tool. The overall levels of agreement were high, supporting the validity of the tool in identifying potential hazards. Lower levels of agreement were found in the following domains: steps (77% agreement, Gwet AC1=0.56), toilets (56% agreement, κ=0.10), bathrooms (64% agreement, κ=0.46), and backyards (55% agreement, κ=0.24). CONCLUSIONS Older people were able to self-assess their homes using a digital self-assessment tool. Digital health tools enable older people to start thinking about their future housing needs. Innovative tools that can identify problems and generate solutions may improve the age-friendliness of the home environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roslyn Aclan
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stacey George
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kate Laver
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Clemson L, Stark S, Pighills AC, Fairhall NJ, Lamb SE, Ali J, Sherrington C. Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 3:CD013258. [PMID: 36893804 PMCID: PMC9998238 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013258.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls and fall-related injuries are common. A third of community-dwelling people aged over 65 years fall each year. Falls can have serious consequences including restricting activity or institutionalisation. This review updates the previous evidence for environmental interventions in fall prevention. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects (benefits and harms) of environmental interventions (such as fall-hazard reduction, assistive technology, home modifications, and education) for preventing falls in older people living in the community. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, other databases, trial registers, and reference lists of systematic reviews to January 2021. We contacted researchers in the field to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials evaluating the effects of environmental interventions (such as reduction of fall hazards in the home, assistive devices) on falls in community-residing people aged 60 years and over. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Our primary outcome was rate of falls. MAIN RESULTS We included 22 studies from 10 countries involving 8463 community-residing older people. Participants were on average 78 years old, and 65% were women. For fall outcomes, five studies had high risk of bias and most studies had unclear risk of bias for one or more risk of bias domains. For other outcomes (e.g. fractures), most studies were at high risk of detection bias. We downgraded the certainty of the evidence for high risk of bias, imprecision, and/or inconsistency. Home fall-hazard reduction (14 studies, 5830 participants) These interventions aim to reduce falls by assessing fall hazards and making environmental safety adaptations (e.g. non-slip strips on steps) or behavioural strategies (e.g. avoiding clutter). Home fall-hazard interventions probably reduce the overall rate of falls by 26% (rate ratio (RaR) 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61 to 0.91; 12 studies, 5293 participants; moderate-certainty evidence); based on a control group risk of 1319 falls per 1000 people a year, this is 343 (95% CI 118 to 514) fewer falls. However, these interventions were more effective in people who are selected for higher risk of falling, with a reduction of 38% (RaR 0.62, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.70; 9 studies, 1513 participants; 702 (95% CI 554 to 812) fewer falls based on a control risk of 1847 falls per 1000 people; high-certainty evidence). We found no evidence of a reduction in rate of falls when people were not selected for fall risk (RaR 1.05, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.16; 6 studies, 3780 participants; high-certainty evidence). Findings were similar for the number of people experiencing one or more falls. These interventions probably reduce the overall risk by 11% (risk ratio (RR) 0.89, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.97; 12 studies, 5253 participants; moderate-certainty evidence); based on a risk of 519 per 1000 people per year, this is 57 (95% CI 15 to 93) fewer fallers. However, for people at higher risk of falling, we found a 26% decrease in risk (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.85; 9 studies, 1473 participants), but no decrease for unselected populations (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.07; 6 studies, 3780 participants) (high-certainty evidence). These interventions probably make little or no important difference to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (standardised mean difference 0.09, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.27; 5 studies, 1848 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). They may make little or no difference to the risk of fall-related fractures (RR 1.00, 95% 0.98 to 1.02; 2 studies, 1668 participants), fall-related hospitalisations (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.06; 3 studies, 325 participants), or in the rate of falls requiring medical attention (RaR 0.91, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.43; 3 studies, 946 participants) (low-certainty evidence). The evidence for number of fallers requiring medical attention was unclear (2 studies, 216 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Two studies reported no adverse events. Assistive technology Vision improvement interventions may make little or no difference to the rate of falls (RaR 1.12, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.50; 3 studies, 1489 participants) or people experiencing one or more falls (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.50) (low-certainty evidence). We are unsure of the evidence for fall-related fractures (2 studies, 976 participants) and falls requiring medical attention (1 study, 276 participants) because the certainty of the evidence is very low. There may be little or no difference in HRQoL (mean difference 0.40, 95% CI -1.12 to 1.92) or adverse events (falls while switching glasses; RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.02) (1 study, 597 participants; low-certainty evidence). Results for other assistive technology - footwear and foot devices, and self-care and assistive devices (5 studies, 651 participants) - were not pooled due to the diversity of interventions and contexts. Education We are uncertain whether an education intervention to reduce home fall hazards reduces the rate of falls or the number of people experiencing one or more falls (1 study; very low-certainty evidence). These interventions may make little or no difference to the risk of fall-related fractures (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.08; 1 study, 110 participants; low-certainty evidence). Home modifications We found no trials of home modifications that measured falls as an outcome for task enablement and functional independence. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found high-certainty evidence that home fall-hazard interventions are effective in reducing the rate of falls and the number of fallers when targeted to people at higher risk of falling, such as having had a fall in the past year and recently hospitalised or needing support with daily activities. There was evidence of no effect when interventions were targeted to people not selected for risk of falling. Further research is needed to examine the impact of intervention components, the effect of awareness raising, and participant-interventionist engagement on decision-making and adherence. Vision improvement interventions may or may not impact the rate of falls. Further research is needed to answer clinical questions such as whether people should be given advice or take additional precautions when changing eye prescriptions, or whether the intervention is more effective when targeting people at higher risk of falls. There was insufficient evidence to determine whether education interventions impact falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindy Clemson
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Susan Stark
- Participation, Environment and Performance Laboratory, Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alison C Pighills
- Mackay Institute of Research and Innovation, Mackay Hospital and Health Service, Mackay, Australia
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Nicola J Fairhall
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah E Lamb
- College of Medicine and Health , University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jinnat Ali
- Faculty of Health Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine Sherrington
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Harper KJ, McAuliffe K, Parsons DN. Barriers and facilitating factors influencing implementation of occupational therapy home assessment recommendations: A mixed methods systematic review. Aust Occup Ther J 2022; 69:599-624. [PMID: 35674225 PMCID: PMC9796587 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low implementation rates of occupational therapy home assessment recommendations have previously been reported. The objective was to identify and describe the barriers and facilitating factors that influence implementation of home assessment recommendations. METHODS A mixed methods systematic review consisting of studies involving adults living in the community who received an occupational therapy home assessment was conducted. Seven databases were last searched in August 2021. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools (SUMARI) dependent on study design. Data synthesis followed the convergent integrated approach. Findings were mapped to the theoretical Capability Opportunity Motivation Behaviour (COM-B) model of health behaviour change. RESULTS From 5,540 citations, 22 articles met the criteria for the systematic review. Implementation of occupational therapy home assessment recommendations ranged between 55% and 90%. Six synthesised findings were identified. Capability barriers included a patient's cognitive and physical ability. Motivation barriers included a perceived lack of need and stigma; patient reported decreased involvement and lack of choice. Opportunity barriers included limited family or carer involvement, carer stress, level of service provision available, including funding, therapy dosage and timing and environmental restrictions. Overall facilitators included patient-centred care, including choice and understanding need, individualised tailored recommendations, involvement of families and carers, provision of written record and strategies to support implementation. Results were limited by methodological weaknesses in identified studies and heterogeneity in the definition and measurement of implementation impacting on comparison. Specific intervention components were often poorly described. CONCLUSION The theoretical model elucidates priority factors to address for promoting implementation of home assessment recommendations. Future high-quality research clearly defining intervention components is required to support short- and long-term implementation of recommendations in the home environment. Behaviour change techniques could be utilised to support home assessment practices in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie J. Harper
- Occupational Therapy DepartmentSir Charles Gairdner HospitalNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Occupational TherapyCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Kelly McAuliffe
- Occupational Therapy DepartmentSir Charles Gairdner HospitalNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Dave N. Parsons
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Occupational TherapyCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- St. John of God Midland Public and Private HospitalMidlandWestern AustraliaAustralia
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Self-assessment of the home environment to plan for successful ageing: Report from a digital health co-design workshop. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2022; 1:e0000069. [PMID: 36812550 PMCID: PMC9931232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many middle aged and older people will need to adapt or modify their home in order to age in place. Arming older people and their families with the knowledge and tools to assess their home and plan simple modifications ahead of time will decrease reliance on professional assessment. The objective of this project was to co-design a tool which enables people to assess their own home environment and make future plans for ageing in the home. We recruited members of the public who were aged 60 or older to attend a series of two co-design workshops. Thirteen participants worked through a series of discussions and activities including appraising different types of tools available and mapping what a digital health tool might look like. Participants had a good understanding of the main types of home hazards in their own homes and the types of modifications which may be useful. Participants believed the concept of the tool would be worthwhile and identified a number of features which were important including a checklist, examples of good design which was both accessible and aesthetically pleasing and links to other resources such as websites which provide advice about to make basic home improvements. Some also wanted to share the results of their assessment with family or friends. Participants highlighted that features of the neighbourhood, such as safety and proximity to shops and cafes, were also important when considering the suitability of their home for ageing in place. Findings will be used to develop a prototype for usability testing.
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Kwon MH, Kim SK. Effects of Client-Centered Occupational Therapy on Behavioral Psychological Symptoms, Social Interaction, Occupational Performance, Quality of Life, and Caregiver Burden among the Individuals with Dementia. Occup Ther Health Care 2022; 37:266-281. [PMID: 35192440 DOI: 10.1080/07380577.2022.2028330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the effects of client-centered occupational therapy on individuals with dementia. Twenty participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (client-centered occupational therapy) and a control group (general occupational therapy). A pretest, post-test, and follow-up tests were used to compare the effects of the intervention. The experimental group had significant changes in all variables, and the control group showed significant differences in verbal social interaction, quality of life, and burden of caregivers (p < 0.05). As a result of repeated measurement variance analysis, it was found that there was a significant effect within the group except for the NPI-Q distress items (p < 0.05), but the effect was not verified in all areas between the groups. Client-centered customized occupational therapy can be more effective than general occupational therapy in problem behavior, social interaction, quality of life, caregiver burden, and occupational performance of individuals with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hwa Kwon
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Dongnam Health College, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Werner C, Wolf-Belala N, Nerz C, Abel B, Braun T, Grüneberg C, Thiel C, Büchele G, Muche R, Hendlmeier I, Schäufele M, Dams J, König HH, Bauer JM, Denkinger M, Rapp K. A multifactorial interdisciplinary intervention to prevent functional and mobility decline for more participation in (pre-)frail community-dwelling older adults (PromeTheus): study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:124. [PMID: 35164686 PMCID: PMC8842871 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related decline in physical capacity can lead to frailty, associated with an increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes and greater healthcare utilization. In an aging population, effective strategies to prevent physical decline and frailty, and preserve independence are needed. Prevention programs for vulnerable community-dwelling older adults are, however, often not yet established and implemented in routine practice. Research on the feasibility, implementation, and (cost-)effectiveness of multifactorial, interdisciplinary intervention programs that take advantage of available services of healthcare providers is also limited. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of such an intervention program (PromeTheus) to prevent functional and mobility decline for more participation in community-dwelling (pre-)frail older adults. METHODS The study is designed as a three-center, randomized controlled trial with a 12-month intervention period. Four hundred community-dwelling (pre-)frail (Clinical Frailty Scale score 4-6) older adults (≥70 years) will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the intervention group (IG) or the control group (CG). The IG will receive the PromeTheus program consisting of obligatory home-based physical exercises (Weight-bearing Exercise for Better Balance) accompanied by physiotherapists and facultative counseling services (person-environment-fit, coping with everyday life, nutrition, group-based activities) delivered via existing healthcare structures (e.g., social workers, nutritionists). The CG will receive usual care and a one-time counseling session on recommendations for physical activity and nutrition. Primary outcomes assessed at months 6 and 12 are the function component of the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument and the University of Alabama at Birmingham Life-Space Assessment. Secondary outcomes are disability, physical capacity and activity, frailty, nutritional status, falls, fear of falling, health status, and psychosocial components. Process and economic evaluations are also conducted. Primary statistical analyses will be based on the intention-to-treat principle. DISCUSSION Compared to usual care, the PromeTheus program is expected to result in higher function and mobility, greater independence and lower need for care, and more participation. As the PromeTheus program draws on existing German healthcare structures, its large-scale translation and delivery will be feasible, if evidence of (cost-)effectiveness and successful implementation can be demonstrated. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register, . Registered on March 11, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Werner
- Center for Geriatric Medicine, Agaplesion Bethanien Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Corinna Nerz
- Department of Clinical Gerontology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bastian Abel
- Center for Geriatric Medicine, Agaplesion Bethanien Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Braun
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Applied Health Sciences, Hochschule für Gesundheit Bochum (University of Applied Sciences), Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Grüneberg
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Applied Health Sciences, Hochschule für Gesundheit Bochum (University of Applied Sciences), Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Thiel
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Applied Health Sciences, Hochschule für Gesundheit Bochum (University of Applied Sciences), Bochum, Germany
| | - Gisela Büchele
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reiner Muche
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hendlmeier
- Department of Social Work, University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martina Schäufele
- Department of Social Work, University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Judith Dams
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen M Bauer
- Center for Geriatric Medicine, Agaplesion Bethanien Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Denkinger
- Institute for Geriatric Research, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Agaplesion Bethesda Clinic, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kilian Rapp
- Department of Clinical Gerontology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
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Ng BP, Lu J, Tiu GF, Thiamwong L, Zhong Y. Bathroom modifications among community-dwelling older adults who experience falls in the United States: A cross-sectional study. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:253-263. [PMID: 33894087 PMCID: PMC10028600 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Falls impose substantial health and economic burdens on older adults. Over half of falls in older adults occur at home, with many involving bathroom areas. Limited information is available on the presence of bathroom modifications for those who experience them. Therefore, we examined factors associated with bathroom modifications among older adults with at least one fall in the United States. We analysed the nationally representative 2016 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey Public Use File of Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years with ≥1 fall (n = 2,404). A survey-weighted logistic model was used to examine associations between bathroom modifications and factors including socio-demographic characteristics, health-related conditions, and fear of falling. Among Medicare beneficiaries with ≥1 fall, 55.5% had bathroom modifications and 50.1% had repeated falls (≥2 falls). Approximately 40.2% of those with repeated falls had no bathroom modifications. In the adjusted model, non-Hispanic Blacks (odds ratio [OR] = 0.38; p < 0.001) and Hispanics (OR = 0.64; p = 0.039) had lower odds of having bathroom modifications than non-Hispanic Whites. Fear of falling and activities of daily living limitations had incremental impacts on having bathroom modifications. This study highlights the need to improve disparities in bathroom modifications for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic Medicare beneficiaries, including those with repeated falls. With the aging population and growing number of older minorities in the United States, reducing these disparities is vital for fall prevention efforts and aging-in-place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Peng Ng
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Disability, Aging, and Technology Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jingping Lu
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Georgianne F. Tiu
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ladda Thiamwong
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Disability, Aging, and Technology Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - YunYing Zhong
- Disability, Aging, and Technology Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Hospitality Service, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Hwang NK, Shim SH. Use of Virtual Reality Technology to Support the Home Modification Process: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11096. [PMID: 34769616 PMCID: PMC8583645 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare is a field in which the benefits of virtual reality (VR), such as risk-taking without consequences, direct experience, and service outcome prediction, can be utilized. VR technology has been used to help clients face environmental barriers by implementing a home environment in virtual reality without a home visit by an expert. This scoping review was conducted to identify the areas and implementation methods of the home modification process supported by VR technology. Twelve studies met the research criteria. The following three types of tools supported by VR technology for the home modification process were identified: educational tools for clients or specialists, home environment measurement tools, and intermediaries for decision making and collaboration between clients and specialists. Most of the studies reported positive results regarding the usability and acceptability of the technology, but barriers have also been reported, such as technical problems, inappropriate population groups for technical use, cost-related issues, the need for training, and fear that the technology could replace home visits. Thus, VR technology has potential value in the home modification process. However, for future clinical applications, additional studies to maximize the benefits of these VR technologies and address the identified problems are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Kyoung Hwang
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Seoul North Municipal Hospital, Seoul 02062, Korea;
| | - Sun-Hwa Shim
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical Science, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55101, Korea
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13
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Ellison C, Struckmeyer L, Kazem-Zadeh M, Campbell N, Ahrentzen S, Classen S. A Social-Ecological Approach to Identify Facilitators and Barriers of Home Modifications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168720. [PMID: 34444467 PMCID: PMC8391256 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging individuals may face difficulty with independently navigating and interacting with their home environment. Evidence-based interventions promoting home modifications are needed to support aging-in-place across the lifespan. This study identified the facilitators and barriers to implementing home modifications from the perspectives of residents and professionals (N = 16). Guided by a social-ecological model, researchers utilized directed content analysis of focus group interviews. While participants discussed facilitators and barriers mainly on the individual level, factors were presented at the relationship, community, and societal level of the model. Overall, the findings suggest a potential for targeted interventions on all levels of the model to promote adoption of home modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlyn Ellison
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (L.S.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Linda Struckmeyer
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (L.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Mahshad Kazem-Zadeh
- Rinker School of Construction Management, College of Design, Construction and Planning, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Shimberg Center for Housing Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | | | - Sherry Ahrentzen
- Shimberg Center for Housing Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Sherrilene Classen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (L.S.); (S.C.)
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Struckmeyer LR, Campbell N, Ellison C, Ahrentzen S, Classen S. Home modifications and repurposing: perspectives on the accessibility, affordability, and attractiveness. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:4619-4628. [PMID: 33866906 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1910866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Society has progressed in universal design guidelines and assistive devices for individuals with disabilities yet challenges due to affordability and attractiveness concerns remain to incorporate them into existing residences. Repurposing (i.e., replacing or adapting problematic fixtures or spaces, with others not originally intended for that purpose) may be the action to address the concerns of consumers. The purpose of this study was to elicit information on problems and solutions regarding home modifications and identify ways that consumers and professionals implement repurposing, that residents deemed accessible, affordable, and attractive. METHODS This convergent parallel design study consisted of focus groups who rated images of repurposed spaces. The focus groups included consumers with functional mobility and visual limitations (n = 8); and professionals who devised or recommended home modifications (n = 8). Participants reviewed three images of home modification solutions and completed a Likert-scale rating based on accessibility and attractiveness. RESULTS Focus group data indicated that high contrast, heights of fixtures, doors, and flooring - all pose threats to accessibility in the home. Consumers placed more value on attractiveness than professionals. Participants were aware and receptive to repurposing as a home modification technique but focused their discussion on adaptations. CONCLUSION Overall, adoption and implementation of home modifications promote accessibility, but professionals need to consider individualized needs and preferences, before suggesting modifications.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONRepurposing existing spaces, features, and fixtures can serve as a method of home modification.Consumer home modification recommendations are perceived to be more effective when collaboratively and individually developed with professionals.Data gathered through focus groups can be valuable for informing practice and research in home modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda R Struckmeyer
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nichole Campbell
- Interior Architecture Department, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Carlyn Ellison
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sherry Ahrentzen
- Shimberg Center for Housing Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sherrilene Classen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Ebrahimi Z, Patel H, Wijk H, Ekman I, Olaya-Contreras P. A systematic review on implementation of person-centered care interventions for older people in out-of-hospital settings. Geriatr Nurs 2020; 42:213-224. [PMID: 32863037 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
THE PURPOSE of this study was to explore the content and essential components of implemented person-centered care in the out-of-hospital context for older people (65+). METHOD A systematic review was conducted, searching for published research in electronic databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycInfo, Web of Science and Embase between 2017 and 2019. Original studies with both qualitative and quantitative methods were included and assessed according to the quality assessment tools EPHPP and CASP. The review was limited to studies published in English, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian and Spanish. RESULTS In total, 63 original articles were included from 1772 hits. The results of the final synthesis revealed the following four interrelated themes, which are crucial for implementing person-centered care: (1) Knowing and confirming the patient as a whole person; (2) Co-creating a tailored personal health plan; (3) Inter-professional teamwork and collaboration with and for the older person and his/her relatives; and (4) Building a person-centered foundation. CONCLUSION Approaching an interpersonal and inter-professional teamwork and consultation with focus on preventive and health promoting actions is a crucial prerequisite to co-create optimal health care practice with and for older people and their relatives in their unique context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ebrahimi
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Person-Centred Care University of Gothenburg (GPCC), Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Harshida Patel
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helle Wijk
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture Sahlgrenska University Hospital Department of Quality Assurance and Patient Safety, Sweden
| | - Inger Ekman
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Person-Centred Care University of Gothenburg (GPCC), Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patricia Olaya-Contreras
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Thordardottir B, Fänge AM, Chiatti C, Ekstam L. Participation in Everyday Life Before and After a Housing Adaptation. JOURNAL OF AGING AND ENVIRONMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/26892618.2020.1755141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Björg Thordardottir
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Carlos Chiatti
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa Ekstam
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Nguyen AT, Somerville EK, Espín-Tello SM, Keglovits M, Stark SL. A Mobile App Directory of Occupational Therapists Who Provide Home Modifications: Development and Preliminary Usability Evaluation. JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol 2020; 7:e14465. [PMID: 32224486 PMCID: PMC7154931 DOI: 10.2196/14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Home modifications provided by occupational therapists (OTs) are effective in improving daily activity performance and reducing fall risk among community-dwelling older adults. However, the prevalence of home modification is low. One reason is the lack of a centralized database of OTs who provide home modifications. Objective This study aimed to develop and test the usability of a mobile app directory of OTs who provide home modifications in the United States. Methods In phase 1, a prototype was developed by identifying OTs who provide home modifications through keyword Web searches. Referral information was confirmed by phone or email. In phase 2, community-dwelling older adults aged older than 65 years and OTs currently working in the United States were purposefully recruited to participate in a single usability test of the mobile app, Home Modifications for Aging and Disability Directory of Referrals (Home Maddirs). Participants completed the System Usability Scale (SUS) and semistructured interview questions. Interview data were coded, and themes were derived using a grounded theory approach. Results In phase 1, referral information for 101 OTs across 49 states was confirmed. In phase 2, 6 OTs (mean clinical experience 4.3 years, SD 1.6 years) and 6 older adults (mean age 72.8 years, SD 5.0 years) participated. The mean SUS score for OTs was 91.7 (SD 8.0; out of 100), indicating good usability. The mean SUS score for older adults was 71.7 (SD 27.1), indicating considerable variability in usability. In addition, the SUS scores indicated that the app is acceptable to OTs and may be acceptable to some older adults. For OTs, self-reported barriers to acceptability and usability included the need for more information on the scope of referral services. For older adults, barriers included high cognitive load, lack of operational skills, and the need to accommodate sensory changes. For both groups, facilitators of acceptability and usability included perceived usefulness, social support, and multiple options to access information. Conclusions Home Maddirs demonstrates good preliminary acceptability and usability to OTs. Older adults’ perceptions regarding acceptability and usability varied considerably, partly based on prior experience using mobile apps. Results will be used to make improvements to this promising new tool for increasing older adults’ access to home modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Thi Nguyen
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Emily Kling Somerville
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Marian Keglovits
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Susan Lynn Stark
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Patry A, Vincent C, Duval C, Blamoutier M, Brière S, Boissy P. Relationship between home environment and energy expenditure of community-dwelling older adults. Br J Occup Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0308022619830906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Patry
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale Nationale (CIUSSS/CN) – Institut de réadaptation en déficience physique de Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Claude Vincent
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale Nationale (CIUSSS/CN) – Institut de réadaptation en déficience physique de Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Duval
- Department of Kinanthropology, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), QC, Canada
- Research Center, University Institute of Geriatrics of Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Margaux Blamoutier
- Department of Kinanthropology, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), QC, Canada
| | - Simon Brière
- Research Centre on Aging of Sherbrooke, CIUSSS de l’Estrie – CHUS Équipe spécialisée en téléréadaptation à domicile (ESTRAD), QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Boissy
- Research Centre on Aging of Sherbrooke, CIUSSS de l’Estrie – CHUS Équipe spécialisée en téléréadaptation à domicile (ESTRAD), QC, Canada
- Orthopaedic service, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Patry A, Vincent C, Duval C, Careau E. Psychometric properties of home accessibility assessment tools: A systematic review. The Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 2019; 86:172-184. [PMID: 31023068 DOI: 10.1177/0008417418824731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Although home environment assessments are commonly performed by occupational therapists working in home care, use of nonstandardized measures created in-house or lack of measure use can cast a shadow over the quality of these assessments for people with disabilities. To ensure quality of home environment assessments, occupational therapists need standardized measures with demonstrated psychometric properties. PURPOSE. This study provides a critical appraisal of objective accessibility measures of the home environment. METHOD. A systematic review was undertaken for which three databases-CINAHL, PubMed, and Embase-were searched to identify accessibility measures of the home environment and evaluate their psychometric properties. Two authors independently assessed the quality of selected studies using the critical appraisal form for psychometric articles. FINDINGS. Ten studies discussing seven accessibility measures were identified and selected for this review. No measures showed strong evidence of both good reliability and validity. Only one study addressed the responsiveness of a measure of accessibility. IMPLICATIONS. As occupational therapists are specialists of the person-environment relationship, the lack of evidence of the psychometric properties of objective accessibility measures of the home environment harms evidence-based occupational therapy practice. This review identified the most promising assessment tools, but further research is needed.
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De-Rosende-Celeiro I, Torres G, Seoane-Bouzas M, Ávila A. Exploring the use of assistive products to promote functional independence in self-care activities in the bathroom. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215002. [PMID: 30958846 PMCID: PMC6453482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In homes, problems in daily functioning of older people often occur in the bathroom, especially in the transfers to the toilet and/or shower/bath. Assistive products have the potential to maximise functional independence (i.e. performance without assistance from another person) in everyday activities; however, more research is needed to better understand the impact of this technology on independence in the transfers in the bathroom. Additionally, little is known about the role of the environmental factors in the process of implementing bathroom adaptations. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to examine the relationship between the use of assistive products and independence in the transfers in the bathroom. The secondary objective was to determine the role of the environmental factors in predicting the implementation of bathroom adaptations. 193 community-dwelling older adults with disabilities in the basic activities of daily life, who requested public long-term care services in Spain, were included. Data was collected in the participant´s homes using a standardised assessment procedure. There was no significant association between the number of categories of assistive products used in the toilet transfer and the independent performance of this task. In a multivariate model, the number of categories of assistive products used in the transfer to shower/bath was positively associated with the independent performance of this transfer (OR = 2.59, 95%CI = 1.48–4.53; p = 0.001). A multivariate analysis revealed that social functioning was significantly associated with the implementation of a bathroom adaptation; social risk was lower in participants who made an adaptation (OR = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.63–0.93; p = 0.006). Assistive products may play an important role in promoting independence in the bathroom. Assistive product needs should be addressed when planning community-based interventions aimed at improving daily life. Moreover, social functioning had a strong influence on the installation of bathroom adaptations, suggesting the importance of paying special attention to social factors in the home adaptations planning process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Torres
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Adriana Ávila
- Department of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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Luther A, Chiatti C, Ekstam L, Thordardottir B, Fänge AM. Identifying and validating housing adaptation client profiles - a mixed methods study. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 42:2027-2034. [PMID: 30731046 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1550530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: An increasing number of people will live with disabilities in their homes and consequently, the need for home-based interventions will increase. Housing adaptations (HAs) are modifications to the physical home environment with the purpose to enhance independence for a heterogeneous group of people. Increasing the knowledge of the characteristics of HA clients by exploring their heterogeneity, could facilitate the planning of interventions and allocation of resources. The purpose of this article was to identify and validate HA client profiles.Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study applied a mixed methods design to identify profiles of HA clients through cluster analysis confirmed by qualitative interview data. The sample consists of 241 HA clients in Sweden with a mean age of 75.1 years.Results: A classification into five groups emerged as the one best describing the heterogeneity of characteristics among this sample of clients. Five client profiles were outlined based on their age and level of disability, and the variation between the profiles was confirmed through the qualitative interview data.Conclusions: The identified client profiles are a step towards a better understanding of how home-based interventions could be delivered more effectively to groups of HA clients, based on their different characteristics.Implications for rehabilitationHousing adaptations are structural modifications to the physical home environment with the purpose to enhance independence for people with disabilities.People applying for housing adaptations are a heterogeneous group with different needs.This study outlines five client profiles which can guide professionals on how to differentiate home-based interventions and follow-up processes among housing adaptation clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Luther
- Department of Geriatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carlos Chiatti
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa Ekstam
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björg Thordardottir
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Nakamura-Thomas H, Kyougoku M, Bonsaksen T. Japanese Community-Living Older Adults’ Perceptions and Solutions Regarding Their Physical Home Environments. HOME HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1084822318800697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined perceived causes of accidental falls, the solutions implemented, and differences in scores on the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) based on experiences of accidental falls, implementation of solutions, and experiences of problems in participants’ current environments. Data were collected individually from Japanese community-living older adults. Of the 41 participants, 71% experienced accidental falls, 41.5% implemented solutions, and 39.0% experienced problems in their current environments. Some solutions were implemented, including both appropriate and inappropriate ones. The FES scores differed significantly based on experiences of problems in participants’ current environments, suggesting that a consultation-style intervention would contribute toward improved FES scores among clients experiencing problems in their current environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Nakamura-Thomas
- Graduate School of Health, Medicine and Welfare, School of Occupational Therapy, Saitama Prefectural University, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Makoto Kyougoku
- KIBI International University Graduate School of Health Sciences, School of Occupational Therapy, Japan
| | - Tore Bonsaksen
- Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
- VID Specialized University, Sandnes, Norway
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Occupational Therapy in Complex Patients: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Occup Ther Int 2018; 2018:3081094. [PMID: 30250407 PMCID: PMC6140010 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3081094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To determine effect size and feasibility of experimental occupational therapy (OT) intervention in addition to standard care in a population of complex patients undergoing rehabilitation in a hospital-home-based setting. Method 40 complex patients admitted to the rehabilitation ward of the Local Health Authority-Research Institute of Reggio Emilia (Italy) were randomized in a parallel-group, open-label controlled trial. Experimental OT targeting occupational needs in the areas of self-care, productivity, and leisure was delivered by occupational therapists. Standard care consisted of task-oriented rehabilitation delivered by a multiprofessional team. Results The experimental OT intervention was completed by 75% of patients assigned to this group. The average changes in the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) performance score significantly and clinically favored experimental OT [-3,06 (-4.50; -1.61); delta > 2 points, resp.]. Similar trends were detected for COPM satisfaction and independence in instrumental activities of daily living (ADL). At follow-up, level of social participation was higher for patients treated with experimental OT (p = 0.043) than for controls. Conclusions Experimental OT was feasible in complex patients in a hospital-home-based setting. It ameliorated both patients' performance and satisfaction in carrying out relevant activities and improved independence in instrumental ADL. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02677766.
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Renda M, Lape JE. Feasibility and Effectiveness of Telehealth Occupational Therapy Home Modification Interventions. Int J Telerehabil 2018; 10:3-14. [PMID: 30147839 PMCID: PMC6095682 DOI: 10.5195/ijt.2018.6244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the effectiveness of occupational therapy home modification interventions, persons with disabilities may not receive them due to service delivery costs, limited number of therapists, and expansive geographic service areas. The need for occupational therapy home modification interventions will increase with the rising U.S. aging population, incidence of chronic illness, and shift toward community-based care. This study examined the feasibility of telehealth occupational therapy home modification interventions using participant owned smart phones, tablets, or computers. A pretest posttest design (n=4) demonstrated improvement in home safety and perception of performance of daily activities. Participants reported satisfaction with the mode of intervention citing ease of use and reduction in client and caregiver burden. Two key implementation challenges were (1) inconsistent quality of synchronous audio and video and (2) limited funding for home modification interventions. A large-scale telehealth occupational therapy home modification interventions pilot study is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnie Renda
- CHATHAM UNIVERSITY, PITTSBURGH, PA, USA
- REBUILD INDEPENDENCE LLC, CINCINNATI, OH, USA
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Lau GWC, Yu ML, Brown T, Locke C. Clients' Perspectives of the Effectiveness of Home Modification Recommendations by Occupational Therapists. Occup Ther Health Care 2018; 32:230-250. [PMID: 30183439 DOI: 10.1080/07380577.2018.1491085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effectiveness of home modifications from clients' perspectives. Ten participants who received home assessments and modification recommendations were recruited from a rehabilitation agency. The dimension of home measure and qualitative interviews was conducted. The interviewers were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. Participants found home modifications improved their safety, accessibility, privacy, and occupational performance, especially in performing self-care activities. Occupational therapists provided sufficient information and actively involved clients/carers in the decision-making process, which contributed to clients' perspectives of satisfaction and effectiveness with completed modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guby Wai Chu Lau
- a Occupational Therapy Department, Forensicare , Thomas Embling Hospital , Fairfield , Australia
| | - Mong-Lin Yu
- b Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences , Monash University-Peninsula Campus , Frankston , Australia
| | - Ted Brown
- b Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences , Monash University-Peninsula Campus , Frankston , Australia
| | - Cassandra Locke
- c Home Assessment Services, Kingston Centre, Monash Health , Cheltenham , Australia
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Stark S, Somerville E, Conte J, Keglovits M, Hu YL, Carpenter C, Hollingsworth H, Yan Y. Feasibility Trial of Tailored Home Modifications: Process Outcomes. Am J Occup Ther 2018; 72:7201205020p1-7201205020p10. [PMID: 29280722 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2018.021774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to conduct a process evaluation to examine the implementation of a randomized controlled trial of home modifications designed to reduce the risk of falls and improve daily activity performance among community-dwelling older adults. METHOD A process evaluation was conducted alongside a blinded, randomized sham-controlled trial (n = 92). Participants were followed for 1 yr after intervention. The process evaluation was framed using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework. RESULTS The treatment group improved daily activity performance over 12 mo compared with the sham control group (F = 4.13; p = .024). The intervention elements and dose were delivered with greater than 90% accuracy. Participants reported a 91% adherence rate at 12 mo. CONCLUSION The complex intervention of home modifications examined in this study is acceptable to older adults, is feasible, and can be delivered with high fidelity for frail, community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Stark
- Susan Stark, PhD, OTR/L, is Assistant Professor of Occupational Therapy, Neurology, and Social Work, Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO;
| | - Emily Somerville
- Emily Somerville, OTD, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jane Conte
- Jane Conte, MEd, is Clinical Research Coordinator, Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Marian Keglovits
- Marian Keglovits, MSCI/OTD, is Occupational Therapist, Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Yi-Ling Hu
- Yi-Ling Hu, MSOT, is Rehabilitation and Participation Science Student, Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Christopher Carpenter
- Christopher Carpenter, MD, MSc, is Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Holly Hollingsworth
- Holly Hollingsworth, PhD, is Research Assistant Professor, Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Yan Yan
- Yan Yan, MD, PhD, is Professor of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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The Development of a Design and Construction Process Protocol to Support the Home Modification Process Delivered by Occupational Therapists. J Aging Res 2018; 2018:4904379. [PMID: 29682348 PMCID: PMC5851314 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4904379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Modifying the home environments of older people as they age in place is a well-established health and social care intervention. Using design and construction methods to redress any imbalance caused by the ageing process or disability within the home environment, occupational therapists are seen as the experts in this field of practice. However, the process used by occupational therapists when modifying home environments has been criticised for being disorganised and not founded on theoretical principles and concepts underpinning the profession. To address this issue, research was conducted to develop a design and construction process protocol specifically for home modifications. A three-stage approach was taken for the analysis of qualitative data generated from an online survey, completed by 135 occupational therapists in the UK. Using both the existing occupational therapy intervention process model and the design and construction process protocol as the theoretical frameworks, a 4-phase, 9-subphase design and construction process protocol for home modifications was developed. Overall, the study is innovative in developing the first process protocol for home modifications, potentially providing occupational therapists with a systematic and effective approach to the design and delivery of home modification services for older and disabled people.
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de Lange L, Coyle E, Todd H, Williams C. Evidence-based practice guidelines for prescribing home modifications for clients with bariatric care needs. Aust Occup Ther J 2018; 65:107-114. [PMID: 29314054 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Home modifications maintain people's functional independence and safety. No literature exists to guide the prescription of home modifications for clients with bariatric care needs. With Australia's increasing obesity rate, more evidence is needed to support home modification prescribers. This study aimed to map Australian home modification prescribing practices for clients with bariatric care needs and to establish and evaluate a clinical resource for this prescription process. METHODS The study included two phases. Phase 1 conducted a cross-sectional survey of therapists practicing in Australia, and Australian industry partners who prescribe or install home modifications for clients with bariatric care needs. Phase 2 included design, implementation and evaluation of a clinical resource. Data were analysed with means and frequencies; multivariable regression analysis was used to explore prescribing habits. RESULTS Therapists surveyed (n = 347) reported 11 different bariatric weight definitions. Less than 3% constantly or regularly prescribed home modifications for these clients; rails were most commonly prescribed. Many therapists (n = 171, 58%) 'never' or 'rarely' knew rail load capacity. Therapists' knowledge of rail load capacity was associated with previous experience prescribing home modifications (P = 0.009); rail manufacturer's advice (P = 0.016) and not using advice from builders (P = 0.001). Clinical resources were used by 11% (n = 26) of therapists to support their prescription, and industry sporadically relied on therapists to specify modification design requirements (n = 5, 45%). Post-implementation of a clinical resource increased consensus regarding understanding of the term bariatric and increased consultation with builders and manufacturers. CONCLUSION There was a lack of consistency in bariatric terminology, uncertainty of rail load capacities and minimal use of clinical practice guidelines. Additional resources will assist with consistency in prescribing practices to maximise occupational performance for clients with bariatric care needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura de Lange
- Domiciliary Care Service, Peninsula Health, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Coyle
- Domiciliary Care Service, Peninsula Health, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Todd
- Domiciliary Care Service, Peninsula Health, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cylie Williams
- Peninsula Health, Frankston, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiotherapy, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
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Smallfield S, Berger S, Hillman B, Saltzgaber P, Giger J, Kaldenberg J. Living with Low Vision: Strategies Supporting Daily Activity. Occup Ther Health Care 2017; 31:312-328. [PMID: 29043887 DOI: 10.1080/07380577.2017.1384969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to describe the strategies that older adults with low vision use to support daily living. A descriptive qualitative study of 10 older adults with low vision was conducted using semistructured, audio-recorded interviews. The data was coded and grouped into categories, and the findings were summarized. Four major themes were identified: (a) device nonuse; (b) sensory strategies and devices; (c) environmental strategies; and (d) resourcefulness. Older adults with low vision try many devices and strategies to find the ones that allow them to participate in meaningful activity within their physical and social environment. These findings support the use of a client-centered, multicomponent, problem-solving approach to low vision rehabilitation to maximize performance of daily activity despite declining vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Smallfield
- a Program in Occupational Therapy , Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Sue Berger
- b Department of Occupational Therapy , Boston University College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College , Boston , MA , USA
| | | | - Paige Saltzgaber
- d Central Nebraska Rehabilitation Services , Grand Island , NE , USA
| | - Jarod Giger
- e College of Social Work , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Jennifer Kaldenberg
- b Department of Occupational Therapy , Boston University College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College , Boston , MA , USA
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Hutchings BL, Chaplin E. The Relationship of Person-Environment Fit to Perceptions of Autonomy, Competency and Satisfaction Among Older Adults with Developmental Disabilities. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Lynn Hutchings
- School of Social Work and Administrative Studies; Marywood University; Scranton PA USA
| | - Erica Chaplin
- School of Social Work and Administrative Studies; Marywood University; Scranton PA USA
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Stark S, Somerville E, Keglovits M, Conte J, Li M, Hu YL, Yan Y. Protocol for the home hazards removal program (HARP) study: a pragmatic, randomized clinical trial and implementation study. BMC Geriatr 2017; 17:90. [PMID: 28427336 PMCID: PMC5397804 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-017-0478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls remain the leading cause of injury, long-term disability, premature institutionalization, and injury-related mortality in the older adult population. Home modifications, when delivered by occupational therapists, can reduce falls among high-risk community-dwelling older adults by 39%. However, home-modification implementation is not standard practice in the United States. The goal of the Home Hazard Removal Program (HARP) study is to implement an evidence-based home modification intervention for older adults designed to reduce the incidence of falls through an aging services network. METHODS We will conduct a hybrid effectiveness/implementation trial of 300 older adults at risk for a fall who are randomized and followed for 12 months. Participants who are randomized to treatment will receive the home modification intervention provided by an occupational therapist in addition to usual care, defined as continued services from the area agency on aging. We will compare the effectiveness of the program and usual care using survival analysis with the time to the first fall over 12 months as the primary outcome of interest. Secondary outcomes include daily activity performance, fall self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life. Fidelity, dose, adherence, safety, cost, and health care utilization will also be examined in the implementation component of this study. DISCUSSION This intervention targets an underserved, difficult to reach population of older adults. The tailored approach of the study intervention is a strength in improving adherence, as each recommendation is individualized to be acceptable to the participant. The effectiveness/implementation design of the study allows for rapid dissemination of results and implementation of the intervention in a United States social services agency. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02392013 . Retrospectively registered on March 5, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Stark
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Campus Box 8505, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Emily Somerville
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Campus Box 8505, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Marian Keglovits
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Campus Box 8505, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Jane Conte
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Campus Box 8505, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Melody Li
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Campus Box 8505, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Yi-Ling Hu
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Campus Box 8505, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8067, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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Stark S, Keglovits M, Arbesman M, Lieberman D. Effect of Home Modification Interventions on the Participation of Community-Dwelling Adults With Health Conditions: A Systematic Review. Am J Occup Ther 2017; 71:7102290010p1-7102290010p11. [PMID: 28218595 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2017.018887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review investigated the role of home modification interventions to improve participation outcomes for community-living adults and older adults. METHOD Thirty-six articles met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies investigated older adult populations and used occupational therapists as interventionists. RESULTS Strong evidence was found for home modification interventions to improve function for people with a variety of health conditions and for both single and multicomponent interventions that included home modifications to reduce the rate and risk of falls among older adults. Moderate evidence was found for improved caregiving for people with dementia. CONCLUSION Comprehensive, higher intensity interventions demonstrated greater efficacy to improve occupational performance. Emerging evidence was also found for the role of occupational therapy in providing effective home modification interventions. Implications for occupational therapy practice, education, and research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Stark
- Susan Stark, PhD, OTR/L, FAOTA, is Assistant Professor of Occupational Therapy, Neurology, and Social Work, Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO;
| | - Marian Keglovits
- Marian Keglovits, OTD, MSCI, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Marian Arbesman
- Marian Arbesman, PhD, OTR/L, is Methodology Consultant, Evidence-Based Practice Project, American Occupational Therapy Association, Bethesda, MD; President, Arbesideas, Inc., Williamsville, NY; and Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Deborah Lieberman
- Deborah Lieberman, MSHA, OTR/L, FAOTA, is Director, Evidence-Based Practice Project, and Staff Liaison to the Commission on Practice, American Occupational Therapy Association, Bethesda, MD
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Granbom M, Taei A, Ekstam L. Cohabitants’ perspective on housing adaptations: a piece of the puzzle. Scand J Caring Sci 2017; 31:805-813. [DOI: 10.1111/scs.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa Ekstam
- Department of Health Sciences; Lund University; Lund Sweden
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Meucci MR, Gozalo P, Dosa D, Allen SM. Variation in the Presence of Simple Home Modifications of Older Americans: Findings from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 64:2081-2087. [PMID: 27550315 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between sociodemographic and economic factors and the presence of simple home modifications (HMs) among older adults in the United States. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING National Health and Aging Trends Study (2011, Round 1). PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling Medicare enrollees aged 65 and older (N = 6,628). MEASUREMENTS The primary dependent variable was the reported presence or absence of simple HMs (grab bars in the shower or near the toilet, shower seats, raised toilet seats). RESULTS Of the individuals sampled, 60.7% reported having at least one HM of interest. Black (odds ratio (OR) = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.68-0.91) and Hispanic (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.45-0.78) respondents were less likely than white, non-Hispanic respondents to have HMs. Those with more education (high school graduate: OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.01-1.42; >high school: OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.14-1.62) and larger social networks (≥4 people; OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.12-1.89) were more likely to have at least one HM, whereas being divorced (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.43-0.74) was associated with lower likelihood. Income (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.97-1.05), Medicaid enrollment (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.77-1.25), and living alone (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.85-1.23) were not significantly associated with the presence of HMs. CONCLUSION Minorities, individuals with less education, and those with less social support are less likely to have HMs. Awareness of these disparities and the shortcomings of the HM delivery system is important to clinicians and policy-makers who seek to prevent falls and facilitate aging in place for all older Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa R Meucci
- Department of Health Services Policy and Practice, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
| | - Pedro Gozalo
- Department of Health Services Policy and Practice, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - David Dosa
- Department of Health Services Policy and Practice, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Medicine, Warren Albert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Health Services Research Program, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Susan M Allen
- Department of Health Services Policy and Practice, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Health Services Research Program, Providence, Rhode Island
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Li S, Au Yeung KKY. Home modification programme for elderly home owners in Hong Kong. WORLD FEDERATION OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS BULLETIN 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14473828.2016.1144318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Stark SL, Somerville E, Keglovits M, Smason A, Bigham K. Clinical Reasoning Guideline for Home Modification Interventions. Am J Occup Ther 2015; 69:6902290030p1-8. [PMID: 26122687 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2015.014266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to develop and validate a clinical reasoning tool to describe an occupational therapist's clinical reasoning process while delivering home modification interventions. METHOD We used a two-phase, mixed-methods approach. In Phase 1, we developed a personal factors guideline to support clinical reasoning in home modification interventions based on in-depth interviews, a focus group, and field observations of 6 home modification experts. In Phase 2, the guideline was validated by a second group of 6 home modification experts. RESULTS During analysis, 16 personal and environmental factors with a corresponding set of conditions and strategies for each factor emerged to form a clinical reasoning guideline, which was validated by a second group of experts. CONCLUSION Unpacking the "black box" of the clinical reasoning process has yielded a useful clinical reasoning tool that will allow occupational therapists to deliver complex interventions with fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Stark
- Susan L. Stark, PhD, OTR/L, FAOTA, is an Assistant Professor of Occupational Therapy, Neurology and Social Work, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO;
| | - Emily Somerville
- Emily Somerville, MSOT, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Marian Keglovits
- Marian Keglovits, OTD, MSCI, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Aliza Smason
- Aliza Smason, OTD, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, Ministry of Education, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kelsey Bigham
- Kelsey Bigham, MSOT, OTRl/L, is Occupational Therapist, Jones Therapy Services, Nashville, TN
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Thordardottir B, Chiatti C, Ekstam L, Malmgren Fänge A. Heterogeneity of Characteristics among Housing Adaptation Clients in Sweden--Relationship to Participation and Self-Rated Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 13:ijerph13010091. [PMID: 26729145 PMCID: PMC4730482 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the paper was to explore the heterogeneity among housing adaptation clients. Cluster analysis was performed using baseline data from applicants in three Swedish municipalities. The analysis identified six main groups: “adults at risk of disability”, “young old with disabilities”, “well-functioning older adults”, “frail older adults”, “frail older with moderate cognitive impairments” and “resilient oldest old”. The clusters differed significantly in terms of participation frequency and satisfaction in and outside the home as well as in terms of self-rated health. The identification of clusters in a heterogeneous sample served the purpose of finding groups with different characteristics, including participation and self-rated health which could be used to facilitate targeted home-based interventions. The findings indicate that housing adaptions should take person/environment/activity specific characteristics into consideration so that they may fully serve the purpose of facilitating independent living, as well as enhancing participation and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björg Thordardottir
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Box 157, Lund 221 00, Sweden.
| | - Carlos Chiatti
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Box 157, Lund 221 00, Sweden.
- Italian National Research Center on Aging, Via S. Margherita 5, Ancona 60124, Italy.
| | - Lisa Ekstam
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Box 157, Lund 221 00, Sweden.
| | - Agneta Malmgren Fänge
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Box 157, Lund 221 00, Sweden.
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Poerbodipoero SJ, Sturkenboom IH, van Hartingsveldt MJ, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MWG, Graff MJ. The construct validity of the Dutch version of the activity card sort. Disabil Rehabil 2015; 38:1943-51. [PMID: 26674067 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2015.1107779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Establishing construct validity of the ACS-NL in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHOD Discriminative validity was established in 191 community-dwelling individuals with PD using an extreme groups design (Hoehn and Yahr stages 1 and 3). Convergent validity was determined by relating the performance scores of the ACS-NL to the scores of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) scores, and relating ACS-NL satisfaction scores to the COPM scores and to the Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation Participation (USER-P). RESULTS The ACS-NL discriminated between individuals with PD with H&Y stages 1 and 3 (U = 524.5, Z = -5.453). ACS-NL performance scores correlated weakly with COPM scores (r = (0).19) and moderately with PDQ-39 scores (r = 0.44-0.55). The ACS-NL satisfaction scores correlated weakly with COPM scores (r = 0.23), and moderately with USER-P scores (r ≥ 0.40). CONCLUSIONS This study contributed to the validation of the ACS-NL. The assessment enhances the possibility of monitoring participation in activities in individuals with PD. Implications for Rehabilitation The ACS-NL appears to hold good potential for use in the assessment of participation in activities in individuals with PD. The ACS-NL has added value parallel to administration of other instruments measuring participation (COPM) and quality of life (PDQ-39). This study demonstrates the capacity of the ACS to measure a unique construct of participation and helps to improve the psychometric properties and administration of the ACS-NL in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soemitro J Poerbodipoero
- a Hogeschool Van Amsterdam, Occupational Therapy Research Group, University of Applied Sciences , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid H Sturkenboom
- b Department of Rehabilitation , Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Margo J van Hartingsveldt
- a Hogeschool Van Amsterdam, Occupational Therapy Research Group, University of Applied Sciences , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Maria W G Nijhuis-van der Sanden
- b Department of Rehabilitation , Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ;,c Radboud University Medical Centre, Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Maud J Graff
- b Department of Rehabilitation , Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ;,c Radboud University Medical Centre, Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
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40
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Craig DG. Current Occupational Therapy Publications in Home Health: A Scoping Review. Am J Occup Ther 2012; 66:338-47. [DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2012.003566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
PURPOSE. Recently, home health services have been a topic of increasing interest. Occupational therapy practice and utilization patterns in home care have not been the subject of recent research.
METHOD. I examined 65 publications addressing current occupational therapy practice in U.S. home health. Articles were analyzed to uncover factors influencing occupational therapy utilization and practice.
RESULTS. Results indicate that research has looked at a variety of typologies and efficacy measures for occupational therapy in home care. However, occupational therapy utilization and practice patterns in home health do not appear to be entirely consistent with research. I identify factors explaining this inconsistency and make research and practice recommendations.
CONCLUSION. Results suggest that system challenges limit the utilization and practice of occupational therapy to deliver expected outcomes in home health practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Craig
- Daniel G. Craig, MA, OTR/L, MT-BC, is University Fellow, Doctor of Occupational Therapy Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, 6033 North Sheridan Road, 22E, Chicago, IL 60660;
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Pettersson C, Löfqvist C, Fänge AM. Clients' experiences of housing adaptations: a longitudinal mixed-methods study. Disabil Rehabil 2012; 34:1706-15. [PMID: 22380652 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2012.660596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore clients' experience of the housing adaptations (HAs) over time in relation to housing and health. METHOD A multiple longitudinal case study, employing an embedded mixed-method design was used. Four participants were included and data from semi-structured interviews were combined with data from structured survey assessments. RESULTS HA made it possible to maintain valuable roles and activities, to continue to live in the participants' own homes and to take part in the society. The participants strived for autonomy and control, and in order to do so they needed different kinds of support, in terms of HA and mobility devices as well as support from professionals. HA also challenged the participants' routines and habits, as well as their perception about how an appealing HA aesthetically. Thus, the decision to apply for a HA was not always straightforward. Instead, the participants were constantly engaged in negotiations with themselves, concerning benefits and drawbacks of different decisions. CONCLUSIONS HAs involve complex person-environment-activity (P-E-A) transactions, and enhance clients' activity and independence in spite of functional decline. The knowledge generated is important in order to improve individual HA, as well as improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the intervention.
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Skymne C, Dahlin-Ivanoff S, Claesson L, Eklund K. Getting used to assistive devices: ambivalent experiences by frail elderly persons. Scand J Occup Ther 2011; 19:194-203. [PMID: 21534712 DOI: 10.3109/11038128.2011.569757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to learn how frail elderly people experienced becoming assistive device users and how assistive devices affected their independence in daily activities. Focus-group methodology was used, including people 80 and older with multiple health problems. Five group discussions were conducted with a total of 18 people including 14 women and four men. Each group met once, for 90-120 minutes, and all discussions were audiotaped. Two themes emerged: Confidence in knowledge and experience and getting used to assistive devices in daily activities. Confidence in knowledge and experience was formed by two categories of experiences from the prescription procedure: trust the expert and trust yourself, and to have confidence in having the right information about assistive devices. Getting used to assistive devices in daily activities was formed by five categories of ambivalent experiences when using assistive devices in daily activities: creates opportunities and limitations; provides security but also raises concerns; the need is seen as transient or permanent; the social environment both encourages and restricts; the physical environment both facilitates and complicates, with less extreme experiences in between. This study indicates that frail elderly people need specifically developed support in the process of becoming assistive device users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Skymne
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Abstract
Abstract
The American Occupational Therapy Association’s Centennial VisionAmerican Occupational Therapy Association (2007) articulates the strategic goals for the profession to be science driven and evidence based in major practice areas. In the practice area of productive aging, a previous review of research published in the American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT Murphy, 2010) found mostly basic research with far fewer effectiveness studies. The current review article is divided into two parts. Part 1 provides an update on the types of research published on productive aging in AJOT in the past 2 yr (2009–2010). Part 2 examines the range and scope of occupational therapy effectiveness research on productive aging published in a similar time frame in other occupational therapy journals and outside of the discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L. Murphy
- Susan L. Murphy, ScD, OTR/L, is Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, 9th Floor, 300 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2007, and Research Health Science Specialist, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System;
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Baum
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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