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Matheson FI, McLuhan A, Croxford R, Hahmann T, Ferguson M, Mejia-Lancheros C. Health status and health-care utilization among men recently released from a superjail: a matched prospective cohort study. Int J Prison Health 2023; ahead-of-print:709-723. [PMID: 37658480 DOI: 10.1108/ijph-01-2023-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Continuity of care and access to primary care have been identified as important contributors to improved health outcomes and reduced reincarceration among people who are justice-involved. While the disproportionate burden of health concerns among incarcerated populations is well documented, less is known about their health service utilization, limiting the potential for effective improvements to current policy and practice. This study aims to examine health status and health care utilization among men recently released from a superjail in a large metropolitan area to better understand patterns of use, risk factors and facilitators. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH Participants included adult men (n = 106) matched to a general population group (n = 530) in Ontario, Canada, linked to medical records (88.5% linkage) to examine baseline health status and health utilization three-months post-release. The authors compared differences between the groups in baseline health conditions and estimated the risk of emergency department, primary care, inpatient hospitalization and specialist ambulatory care visits. FINDINGS Superjail participants had a significantly higher prevalence of respiratory conditions, mental illness, substance use and injuries. Substance use was a significant risk factor for all types of visits and emergency department visits were over three times higher among superjail participants. ORIGINALITY/VALUE This empirical case is illustrative of an emerging phenomenon in some regions of the world where emergency departments serve as de facto "walk-in clinics" for those with criminal justice involvement. Strategic approaches to health services are required to meet the complex social and health needs and disparities in access to care experienced by men released from custody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora I Matheson
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; ICES, Toronto, Canada and Dalla Lana School of Public Health and Centre for Criminology and Socio-Legal Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Arthur McLuhan
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Tara Hahmann
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Max Ferguson
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cilia Mejia-Lancheros
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Poon KT, Lai HS, Chan RSW. The Effect of Sexual Objectification on Dishonesty. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:1617-1629. [PMID: 36853350 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02560-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In daily life, women often experience various forms of sexual objectification such as being stared at in public settings and receiving unsolicited sexual remarks on social media. These incidents could have damaging effects on women's physical and mental health, necessitating ways to respond to the experience. Researchers have provided burgeoning evidence demonstrating the effects of sexual objectification on various psychological, emotional, and cognitive outcomes. However, relatively few researchers have tested how sexually objectified people behaviorally react to the objectification experience. To address this knowledge gap, we aimed to test whether sexual objectification increases dishonesty among women and reveal one potential underlying psychological mechanism. We predicted that sexual objectification increases dishonesty serially through higher levels of relative deprivation and lower levels of self-regulation. We conducted two experiments (valid N = 150 and 279, respectively) to test the predictions and found that participants who experienced sexual objectification reported greater dishonest tendencies than those who did not (Experiments 1 and 2). Moreover, relative deprivation and self-regulation serially mediated the effect of sexual objectification on dishonesty (Experiment 2). In the current experiments, we highlight the essential role of relative deprivation and self-regulation in explaining how sexual objectification increases dishonesty and various related forms of antisocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Tak Poon
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hill-Son Lai
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rheal S W Chan
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
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Peng J, Zhang J, Yuan W, Zhou X, Tian J, Fang P. The commission of crime from the perspective of decision-making differences. Front Psychol 2022; 13:937876. [PMID: 36300057 PMCID: PMC9589491 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.937876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A criminal act can be regarded as an irrational decision-making process. Therefore, understanding differences in the criminal decision-making process would shed light on criminal behavior. We utilized dual processing theory to propose that offenders' differences in decision-making may cause them to adopt non-adaptive behaviors, such as high reference point setting, abnormal reward-punishment sensitivity, delayed discounting rate, and decision-making style. Our study compares differences in these indicators between offenders (n = 518) and non-offenders (n = 636) in a diverse sample of Chinese adults. The results showed that compared with non-offenders, offenders had higher relative deprivation, reward sensitivity, and delayed discounting rates but lower punishment sensitivity and vigilance in decision-making. A logistic regression analysis also shows that the above factors were significant predictive indicators for the commission of crimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Peng
- Mental Health Education Center, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxi Zhang
- Xi’an Research Institute of High-Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Weizhuo Yuan
- Mental Health Education Center, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Mental Health Education Center, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Peng Fang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Testing the empirical integration of threat-deprivation and harshness-unpredictability dimensional models of adversity. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:513-526. [PMID: 35256038 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent dimensional models of adversity informed by a neurobiological deficit framework highlights threat and deprivation as core dimensions, whereas models informed by an evolutionary, adaptational and functional framework calls attention to harshness and unpredictability. This report seeks to evaluate an integrative model of threat, deprivation, and unpredictability, drawing on the Fragile Families Study. Confirmatory factor analysis of presumed multiple indicators of each construct reveals an adequate three-factor structure of adversity. Theory-based targeted predictions of the developmental sequelae of each dimension also received empirical support, with deprivation linked to health problems and cognitive ability; threat linked to aggression; and unpredictability to substance use and sexual risk-taking. These findings lend credibility to utility of the three-dimensional integrative framework of adversity. It could thus inform development of dimensional measures of risk assessment and exploration of multidimensional adversity profiles, sensitive to individual differences in lived experiences, supporting patient-centered, strength-based approaches to services.
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Matheson FI, Dastoori P, Whittingham L, Calzavara A, Keown LA, Durbin A, Kouyoumdjian FG, Lin E, Volpe T, Lunsky Y. Intellectual/developmental disabilities among people incarcerated in federal correctional facilities in Ontario, Canada: Examining prevalence, health and correctional characteristics. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2022; 35:900-909. [PMID: 35338547 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little research with people who experience intellectual/developmental disabilities and imprisonment. METHODS The study linked health and correctional data to examine prevalence of intellectual/developmental disabilities and health and correctional characteristics among adults experiencing their first federal incarceration between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2011 (n = 9278) and two non-incarcerated groups (n = 10,086,802). RESULTS The prevalence of intellectual/developmental disabilities was 2.1% in the incarcerated group and 0.9% in the non-incarcerated group. Before incarceration, those with, versus without, intellectual/developmental disabilities were at greater risk of traumatic brain injury, mental illness, and substance use disorders. While incarcerated, those with intellectual/developmental disabilities were more likely to incur serious institutional disciplinary charges. Post-incarceration, persons with intellectual/developmental disabilities were at greater risk of emergency department visits, and psychiatric and acute hospitalizations, than the non-incarcerated groups. CONCLUSIONS People with intellectual/developmental disabilities are overrepresented in Canadian federal correctional institutions. The authors offer strategies to support people prior to, during, and post-incarceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora I Matheson
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Centre for Criminology & Sociolegal Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parisa Dastoori
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Whittingham
- Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Leslie A Keown
- Research Branch, Correctional Service of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Durbin
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fiona G Kouyoumdjian
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Lin
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Office of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tiziana Volpe
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yona Lunsky
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Matheson FI, McIsaac KE, Fung K, Stewart LA, Wilton G, Keown LA, Nathens AB, Colantonio A, Moineddin R. Association between traumatic brain injury and prison charges: a population-based cohort study. Brain Inj 2020; 34:757-763. [PMID: 32324431 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2020.1753114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a serious hidden health issue disproportionately affecting people who experience incarceration. OBJECTIVE We examined the association between TBI and serious disciplinary charges among men and women sentenced by the courts to terms of two or more years. METHODS The study originated in Ontario, Canada and used linked administrative health and correctional data. The cohort included adults experiencing their first federal sentence between 1998 and 2011 (N = 12,038). We examined disciplinary charges incurred 2 years post-sentence commencement. TBI was defined using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9 and ICD-10) diagnostic codes. Robust Poisson regression was conducted to assess the association between TBI and disciplinary charges. FINDINGS The prevalence of TBI for the full sample was 13.2%. One-third of adults with a recent TBI had a serious disciplinary charge. The unadjusted risk of incurring a serious charge for those with a history of TBI was 39% higher than those with no history of TBI (CI: 1.29-1.49). The adjusted risk was 1.14 (CI: 1.06-1.22). CONCLUSIONS TBI is a serious health concern that makes it difficult for incarcerants to adjust to prison. Additional support/resources are needed to support those with histories of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora I Matheson
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada.,ICES , Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Criminology and Sociolegal Studies, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn E McIsaac
- Research and Innovation, Nova Scotia Health Authority , Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Lynn A Stewart
- Research Branch, Correctional Service of Canada , Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Geoff Wilton
- Research Branch, Correctional Service of Canada , Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Leslie A Keown
- Research Branch, Correctional Service of Canada , Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Avery B Nathens
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Angela Colantonio
- ICES , Toronto, ON, Canada.,Rehabilitative Sciences Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rahim Moineddin
- ICES , Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada
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