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Zadurska M, Rakowska A, Czochrowska E, Laskowska M, Perkowski K, Strużycka I, Rudnicka L, Jurek A. Hair Evaluation in Orthodontic Patients with Oligodontia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:945. [PMID: 38732359 PMCID: PMC11083739 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14090945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Oligodontia can be isolated or syndromic, associated with other ectodermal abnormalities. The aim of the study was to perform hair examination in orthodontic patients diagnosed with oligodontia with a low clinical expression of symptoms of ectodermal origin. All available orthodontic patients diagnosed with oligodontia in the permanent dentition were enrolled. Hair examination included clinical evaluation of the patients' hair, trichoscopy, trichogram and evaluation of the hair shafts under a polarized light microscope. In total, 25 patients, 18 males and 7 females, aged 6 to 24 years were evaluated for the presence of dental and hair abnormalities. The number of congenitally absent teeth ranged from 6 to 24 teeth and diastemas, microdontia, taurodontism and altered tooth shape were found in 23 patients. Hair disorders were found in 68% of the subjects. Hypotrichosis, the heterogeneity of shaft color and loss of pigment, androgenetic alopecia, telogen effluvium, trichoschisis, pili canaliculi, trichorrhexis nodosa and pseudomoniletrix were observed. Trichoscopy and trichogram are valid non-invasive diagnostic tests which could be used to differentiate between isolated and syndromic oligodontia in patients with a low clinical expression of ectodermal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Zadurska
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (K.P.)
| | - Adriana Rakowska
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland (L.R.)
| | - Ewa Czochrowska
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (K.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Laskowska
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (K.P.)
| | - Konrad Perkowski
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (K.P.)
| | - Izabela Strużycka
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland (L.R.)
| | - Agnieszka Jurek
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (K.P.)
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Yu K, Sheng Y, Wang F, Yang S, Wan F, Lei M, Wu Y. Eight EDA mutations in Chinese patients with tooth agenesis and genotype-phenotype analysis. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38287639 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tooth agenesis is a common craniofacial malformation, which is often associated with gene mutations. The purpose of this research was to investigate and uncover ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene variants in eight Chinese families affected with tooth agenesis. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from tooth agenesis families and sequenced using whole-exome sequencing. The expression of ectodysplasin A1 (EDA1) protein was studied by western blot, binding activity with receptor was tested by pull-down and the NF-κB transcriptional activity was analyzed by Dual luciferase assay. RESULTS Eight EDA missense variants were discovered, of which two (c.T812C, c.A1073G) were novel. The bioinformatics analysis indicated that these variants might be pathogenic. The tertiary structure analysis revealed that these eight variants could cause structural damage to EDA proteins. In vitro functional studies demonstrated that the variants greatly affect protein stability or impair the EDA-EDAR interaction; thereby significantly affecting the downstream NF-κb transcriptional activity. In addition, we summarized the genotype-phenotype correlation caused by EDA variants and found that EDA mutations leading to NSTA are mostly missense mutations located in the TNF domain. CONCLUSION Our results broaden the variant spectrum of the EDA gene associated with tooth agenesis and provide valuable information for future genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yu
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Sheng
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuwen Yang
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Futang Wan
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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3
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Liu Y, Sun J, Zhang C, Wu Y, Ma S, Li X, Wu X, Gao Q. Compound heterozygous WNT10A missense variations exacerbated the tooth agenesis caused by hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:136. [PMID: 38280992 PMCID: PMC10822191 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyse the differences in the phenotypes of missing teeth between a pair of brothers with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) and to investigate the underlying mechanism by comparing the mutated gene loci between the brothers with whole-exome sequencing. METHODS The clinical data of the patients and their mother were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples. By Whole-exome sequencing filtered for a minor allele frequency (MAF) ≤0.05 non-synonymous single-nucleotide variations and insertions/deletions variations in genes previously associated with tooth agenesis, and variations considered as potentially pathogenic were assessed by SIFT, Polyphen-2, CADD and ACMG. Sanger sequencing was performed to detect gene variations. The secondary and tertiary structures of the mutated proteins were predicted by PsiPred 4.0 and AlphaFold 2. RESULTS Both brothers were clinically diagnosed with HED, but the younger brother had more teeth than the elder brother. An EDA variation (c.878 T > G) was identified in both brothers. Additionally, compound heterozygous variations of WNT10A (c.511C > T and c.637G > A) were identified in the elder brother. Digenic variations in EDA (c.878 T > G) and WNT10A (c.511C > T and c.637G > A) in the same patient have not been reported previously. The secondary structure of the variant WNT10A protein showed changes in the number and position of α-helices and β-folds compared to the wild-type protein. The tertiary structure of the WNT10A variant and molecular simulation docking showed that the site and direction where WNT10A binds to FZD5 was changed. CONCLUSIONS Compound heterozygous WNT10A missense variations may exacerbate the number of missing teeth in HED caused by EDA variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Liu
- The Stomatology Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Academician Workstation for Oral & Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing Sun
- The Stomatology Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Academician Workstation for Oral & Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Caiqi Zhang
- The Stomatology Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Academician Workstation for Oral & Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi Wu
- The Stomatology Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Academician Workstation for Oral & Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Siyuan Ma
- The Stomatology Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Academician Workstation for Oral & Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xuechun Li
- The Stomatology Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Academician Workstation for Oral & Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaoshan Wu
- The Stomatology Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Academician Workstation for Oral & Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingping Gao
- The Stomatology Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Academician Workstation for Oral & Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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Ando M, Aoki Y, Sano Y, Adachi J, Sana M, Miyabe S, Watanabe S, Hasegawa S, Miyachi H, Machida J, Goto M, Tokita Y. Novel frameshift variant of WNT10A in a Japanese patient with hypodontia. Hum Genome Var 2024; 11:5. [PMID: 38263268 PMCID: PMC10806032 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-023-00259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital tooth agenesis is caused by the impairment of crucial genes related to tooth development, such as Wnt signaling pathway genes. Here, we investigated the genetic causes of sporadic congenital tooth agenesis. Exome sequencing, followed by Sanger sequencing, identified a novel single-nucleotide deletion in WNT10A (NC_000002.12(NM_025216.3):c.802del), which was not found in the healthy parents of the patient. Thus, we concluded that the variant was the genetic cause of the patient's agenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Ando
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Aoki
- Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okazaki Municipal Hospital, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yasuto Sano
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Junya Adachi
- Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Miyabe
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shogo Hasegawa
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyachi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junichiro Machida
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Toyota Memorial Hospital, Toyota, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Goto
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Tokita
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
- Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan.
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5
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Reinhold V, Syrjänen S, Kankuri‐Tammilehto M. New observation of severe tooth malformation in a female patient with ectodermal dysplasia due to the EDA splice acceptor variant c.742-2A>G. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023; 11:e2275. [PMID: 37665136 PMCID: PMC10724520 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectodermal dysplasias are inherited disorders, which are characterized by congenital defects in two or more ectodermal structures such as skin, sweat glands, hair, nails, teeth, and mucous membranes. METHOD Here, we describe a new observation of significant oligodontia in a female patient with the EDA gene variant c.742-2A>G. RESULTS The results strongly suggest that the EDA gene variant c.742-2A>G is pathogenic. The oligodontia in the proband was exceptionally severe. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that the very rare splice acceptor variant EDA c.742-2A>G is associated with severe oligodontia even in females. Our study points that this variant is pathogenic. An early identification of this variant is crucial for planning adequate treatment and follow-up in time by a multidisciplinary team.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stina Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of PathologyTurku University Hospital, University of TurkuTurkuFinland
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6
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Zhou Y, Yin B, Shi B, Zheng LW, Jia ZL. Identified a novel splicing mutation at EDA gene in a hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia pedigree. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3164-3167. [PMID: 36029158 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Cleft Lip and Palate, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Cleft Lip and Palate, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Cleft Lip and Palate, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Cleft Lip and Palate, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Cleft Lip and Palate, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Chu KY, Wang YL, Chen JT, Lin CH, Yao CCJ, Chen YJ, Chen HW, Simmer JP, Hu JCC, Wang SK. PAX9 mutations and genetic synergism in familial tooth agenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1524:87-96. [PMID: 37005710 PMCID: PMC10330062 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Familial tooth agenesis (FTA) is one of the most common craniofacial anomalies in humans. Loss-of-function mutations in PAX9 and WNT10A have been known to cause FTA with various expressivity. In this study, we identified five FTA kindreds with novel PAX9 disease-causing mutations: p.(Glu7Lys), p.(Val83Leu), p.(Pro118Ser), p.(Ser197Argfs*23), and c.771+4A>G. Concomitant PAX9 and WNT10A pathogenic variants found in two probands with severe phenotypes suggested an effect of mutational synergism. All overexpressed PAX9s showed proper nuclear localization, excepting the p.(Pro118Ser) mutant. Various missense mutations caused differential loss of PAX9 transcriptional ability. PAX9 overexpression in dental pulp cells upregulated LEF1 and AXIN2 expression, indicating a positive regulatory role for PAX9 in canonical Wnt signaling. Analyzing 176 cases with 63 different mutations, we observed a distinct pattern of tooth agenesis for PAX9-associated FTA: Maxillary teeth are in general more frequently affected than mandibular ones. Along with all second molars, maxillary bicuspids and first molars are mostly involved, while maxillary lateral incisors and mandibular bicuspids are relatively less affected. Genotypically, missense mutations are associated with fewer missing teeth than frameshift and nonsense variants. This study significantly expands the phenotypic and genotypic spectrums of PAX9-associated disorders and reveals a molecular mechanism of genetic synergism underlying FTA variable expressivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yu Chu
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, No.1, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children’s Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Lin Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, No.1, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children’s Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Tsu Chen
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, No.1, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Lin
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, No.1, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chen Jane Yao
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, No.1, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jane Chen
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, No.1, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Wen Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children’s Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - James P. Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jan C.-C. Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shih-Kai Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, No.1, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children’s Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Gao Y, Jiang X, Wei Z, Long H, Lai W. The EDA/EDAR/NF-κB pathway in non-syndromic tooth agenesis: A genetic perspective. Front Genet 2023; 14:1168538. [PMID: 37077539 PMCID: PMC10106650 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1168538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic tooth agenesis (NSTA) is one of the most common dental developmental malformations affected by genetic factors predominantly. Among all 36 candidate genes reported in NSTA individuals, EDA, EDAR, and EDARADD play essential roles in ectodermal organ development. As members of the EDA/EDAR/NF-κB signaling pathway, mutations in these genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NSTA, as well as hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), a rare genetic disorder that affects multiple ectodermal structures, including teeth. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the genetic basis of NSTA, with a focus on the pathogenic effects of the EDA/EDAR/NF-κB signaling pathway and the role of EDA, EDAR, and EDARADD mutations in developmental tooth defects. We also discuss the phenotypic overlap and genetic differences between NSTA and HED. Ultimately, this review highlights the importance of genetic analysis in diagnosing and managing NSTA and related ectodermal disorders, and the need for ongoing research to improve our understanding of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Jiang
- Human Sperm Bank, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wenli Lai,
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9
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Structural insights into pathogenic mechanism of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia caused by ectodysplasin A variants. Nat Commun 2023; 14:767. [PMID: 36765055 PMCID: PMC9918506 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
EDA is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family member, which functions together with its cognate receptor EDAR during ectodermal organ development. Mutations of EDA have long been known to cause X-linked hypohidrotic dysplasia in humans characterized by primary defects in teeth, hair and sweat glands. However, the structural information of EDA interaction with EDAR is lacking and the pathogenic mechanism of EDA variants is poorly understood. Here, we report the crystal structure of EDA C-terminal TNF homology domain bound to the N-terminal cysteine-rich domains of EDAR. Together with biochemical, cellular and mouse genetic studies, we show that different EDA mutations lead to varying degrees of ectodermal developmental defects in mice, which is consistent with the clinical observations on human patients. Our work extends the understanding of the EDA signaling mechanism, and provides important insights into the molecular pathogenesis of disease-causing EDA variants.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Genetic studies in humans and animal models have improved our understanding of the role of numerous genes in the etiology of nonsyndromic tooth agenesis (TA). The purpose of this review is to discuss recently identified genes potentially contributing to TA. RECENT FINDINGS Despite research progress, understanding the genetic factors underlying nonsyndromic TA has been challenging given the genetic heterogeneity, variable expressivity, and incomplete penetrance of putatively pathogenic variants often observed associated with the condition. Next-generation sequencing technologies have provided a platform for novel gene and variant discoveries and informed paradigm-shifting concepts in the etiology of TA. This review summarizes the current knowledge on genes and pathways related to nonsyndromic TA with a focus on recently identified genes/variants. Evidence suggesting possible multi-locus variation in TA is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne Letra
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, and Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
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A Novel CDH1 Variant Identified in a Chinese Family with Blepharocheilodontic Syndrome. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12122936. [PMID: 36552944 PMCID: PMC9777284 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12122936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to identify the pathogenic gene variant in a Chinese family with Blepharocheilodontic (BCD) syndrome. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were used to identify the pathogenic gene variant. The harmfulness of the variant was predicted by bioinformatics. We identified a novel heterozygous missense variant c.1198G>A (p.Asp400Asn) in the CDH1 gene in the proband and his mother with BCD syndrome. The sequencing results of three healthy individuals in this family are wild type. This result is consistent with familial co-segregation. According to ReVe, REVEL, CADD, gnomAD, dbSNP, and the classification of pathogenic variants with the standards of the 2015 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG), c.1198G>A (p.Asp400Asn) is predicted to be a likely pathogenic. We observed that variant c.1198G>A (p.Asp400Asn) was located in the extracellular cadherin-type repeats in CDH1. Amino acid sequence alignment of the CDH1 protein among multiple species showed that Asp400 was highly evolutionarily conserved. The conformational analysis showed that this variant might cause structural damage to the CDH1 protein. Phenotypic analysis revealed unique dental phenotypes in patients with BCD syndrome, such as oligodontia, conical-shaped teeth, and notching of the incisal edges. Our results broaden the variation spectrum of BCD syndrome and phenotype spectrum of CDH1, which can help with the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and genetic counseling in relation to BCD syndrome.
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Yu K, Dou J, Huang W, Wang F, Wu Y. Expanding the genetic spectrum of tooth agenesis using whole-exome sequencing. Clin Genet 2022; 102:503-516. [PMID: 36071541 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth agenesis is a high genetic heterogeneous disorder with more than eighty genes identified as associated molecular causes. The present study aimed to detect the possible pathogenic variants in a cohort of well-characterized probands with a clinical diagnosis of tooth agenesis. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 131 tooth agenesis patients with no previously identified molecular diagnosis. All the potential pathogenic variants were verified by Sanger sequencing in patients and their family members. Results Seventy-three patients were genetically diagnosed in 131 unrelated Chinese patients with tooth agenesis, providing a positive molecular diagnostic rate of 55.7%, including 53.8% (49/91) in the non-syndromic tooth agenesis (NSTA) group, and 60.0% (24/40) in syndromic tooth agenesis (STA) group. A total of 75 variants from 13 different genes were identified, including 33 novel variants, and WNT10A and EDA are the most common causative genes associated with non-syndromic and syndromic tooth agenesis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study further extends the variant spectrum and clinical profiles of tooth agenesis, which has a positive significance for clinical practice, genetic diagnosis, prenatal counseling and future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yu
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Dou
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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13
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PRKG1 mutation identified by whole-exome sequencing: a potential genetic etiology for He-Zhao deficiency. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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14
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Bielik P, Bonczek O, Krejčí P, Zeman T, Izakovičová-Hollá L, Šoukalová J, Vaněk J, Vojtěšek B, Lochman J, Balcar VJ, Šerý O. WNT10A variants: following the pattern of inheritance in tooth agenesis and self-reported family history of cancer. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:7045-7055. [PMID: 35999385 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was the analysis of WNT10A variants in seven families of probands with various forms of tooth agenesis and self-reported family history of cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled 60 young subjects (aged 13 to 17) from the Czech Republic with various forms of tooth agenesis. Dental phenotypes were assessed using Planmeca ProMax 3D (Planmeca Oy, Finland) with Planmeca Romexis software (version 2.9.2) together with oral examinations. After screening PAX9, MSX1, EDA, EDAR, AXIN2 and WNT10A genes on the Illumina MiSeq platform (Illumina, USA), we further analyzed the evolutionarily highly conserved WNT10A gene by capillary sequencing in the seven families. RESULTS All the detected variants were heterozygous or compound heterozygous with various levels of phenotypic expression. The most severe phenotype (oligodontia) was found in a proband who was compound heterozygous for the previously identified WNT10A variant p.Phe228Ile and a newly discovered c.748G > A variant (p.Gly250Arg) of WNT10A. The newly identified variant causes substitution of hydrophobic glycine for hydrophilic arginine. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the amino acid changes in otherwise highly conserved sequences significantly affect the dental phenotype. No relationship between the presence of WNT10A variants and a risk of cancer has been found. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Screening of PAX9, MSX1, EDA, EDAR, AXIN2 and WNT10A genes in hope to elucidate the pattern of inheritance in families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bielik
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Bonczek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Krejčí
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Zeman
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lydie Izakovičová-Hollá
- Department of Stomatology, Institution Shared With St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Šoukalová
- Department of Stomatology, Institution Shared With St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Vaněk
- Department of Stomatology, Institution Shared With St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bořivoj Vojtěšek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lochman
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir J Balcar
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Omar Šerý
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
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15
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Liu H, Liu H, Su L, Zheng J, Feng H, Liu Y, Yu M, Han D. Four Novel PAX9 Variants and the PAX9-Related Non-Syndromic Tooth Agenesis Patterns. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158142. [PMID: 35897718 PMCID: PMC9331840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate and identify PAX9 gene variants in four Chinese families with non-syndromic tooth agenesis. We identified pathogenic gene variants by whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing and then studied the effects of these variants on function by bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments. Four novel PAX9 heterozygous variants were identified: two missense variants (c.191G > T (p.G64V) and c.350T > G (p.V117G)) and two frameshift variants (c.352delC (p.S119Pfs*2) and c.648_649insC(p.Y217Lfs*100)). The bioinformatics analysis showed that these variants might be pathogenic. The tertiary structure analysis showed that these four variants could cause structural damage to PAX9 proteins. In vitro functional studies demonstrated that (1) the p.Y217Lfs*100 variant greatly affects mRNA stability, thereby affecting endogenous expression; (2) the p. S119Pfs* 2 variant impairs the subcellular localization of the nuclear expression of the wild-type PAX9 protein; and (3) the four variants (p.G64V, p.V117G, p.S119Pfs*2, and p.Y217Lfs*100) all significantly affect the downstream transcriptional activity of the BMP4 gene. In addition, we summarized and analyzed tooth missing positions caused by PAX9 variants and found that the maxillary second molar (84.11%) and mandibular second molar (84.11%) were the most affected tooth positions by summarizing and analyzing the PAX9-related non-syndromic tooth agenesis positions. Our results broaden the variant spectrum of the PAX9 gene related to non-syndromic tooth agenesis and provide useful information for future genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Miao Yu
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (D.H.); Fax: +86-10-8210-5259 (M.Y.); +86-10-6217-3402 (D.H.)
| | - Dong Han
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (D.H.); Fax: +86-10-8210-5259 (M.Y.); +86-10-6217-3402 (D.H.)
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16
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Khan MI, Ahmed N, Neela PK, Unnisa N. The Human Genetics of Dental Anomalies. Glob Med Genet 2022; 9:76-81. [PMID: 35707781 PMCID: PMC9192175 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of tooth is a highly complex procedure and mastered by specific genetic programs. Genetic alterations, environmental factors, and developmental timing can disturb the execution of these programs, and result in various dental anomalies like hypodontia/oligodontia, and supernumerary teeth, which are commonly seen in our clinical practice. Advances in molecular research enabled the identification of various genes involved in the pathogenesis of dental anomalies. In the near future, it will help provide a more accurate diagnosis and biological-based treatment for these anomalies. In this article, we present the molecular phenomenon of tooth development and the genetics of various dental anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamad Irfanulla Khan
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, The Oxford Dental College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nadeem Ahmed
- General Dental Practitioner, Max Dental Specialties, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Neela
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Nayeem Unnisa
- General Dental Practitioner, The Dental Clinic, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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17
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Chu KY, Wang YL, Chou YR, Chen JT, Wang YP, Simmer JP, Hu JCC, Wang SK. Synergistic Mutations of LRP6 and WNT10A in Familial Tooth Agenesis. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111217. [PMID: 34834569 PMCID: PMC8621929 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial tooth agenesis (FTA), distinguished by developmental failure of selected teeth, is one of the most prevalent craniofacial anomalies in humans. Mutations in genes involved in WNT/β-catenin signaling, including AXIN2 WNT10A, WNT10B, LRP6, and KREMEN1, are known to cause FTA. However, mutational interactions among these genes have not been fully explored. In this study, we characterized four FTA kindreds with LRP6 pathogenic mutations: p.(Gln1252*), p.(Met168Arg), p.(Ala754Pro), and p.(Asn1075Ser). The three missense mutations were predicted to cause structural destabilization of the LRP6 protein. Two probands carrying both an LRP6 mutant allele and a WNT10A variant exhibited more severe phenotypes, suggesting mutational synergism or digenic inheritance. Biallelic LRP6 mutations in a patient with many missing teeth further supported the dose-dependence of LRP6-associated FTA. Analysis of 21 FTA cases with 15 different LRP6 loss-of-function mutations revealed high heterogeneity of disease severity and a distinctive pattern of missing teeth, with maxillary canines being frequently affected. We hypothesized that various combinations of sequence variants in WNT-related genes can modulate WNT signaling activities during tooth development and cause a wide spectrum of tooth agenesis severity, which highlights the importance of exome/genome analysis for the genetic diagnosis of FTA in this era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yu Chu
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 100, Taiwan; (K.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.W.); (J.-T.C.); (Y.-P.W.)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children’s Hospital, Taipei City 100, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Lin Wang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 100, Taiwan; (K.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.W.); (J.-T.C.); (Y.-P.W.)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children’s Hospital, Taipei City 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ren Chou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan;
| | - Jung-Tsu Chen
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 100, Taiwan; (K.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.W.); (J.-T.C.); (Y.-P.W.)
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 100, Taiwan; (K.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.W.); (J.-T.C.); (Y.-P.W.)
| | - James P. Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA; (J.P.S.); (J.C.-C.H.)
| | - Jan C.-C. Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA; (J.P.S.); (J.C.-C.H.)
| | - Shih-Kai Wang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 100, Taiwan; (K.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.W.); (J.-T.C.); (Y.-P.W.)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children’s Hospital, Taipei City 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (ext. 70251)
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Jurek A, Gozdowski D, Czochrowska EM, Zadurska M. Effect of Tooth Agenesis on Mandibular Morphology and Position. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211876. [PMID: 34831629 PMCID: PMC8625843 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Congenital missing teeth (OMIM #106600) is the most common dental abnormality. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of tooth agenesis on the total mandibular length, length of the mandibular body and alveolar process, and the mandibular anteroposterior position. The material was obtained from the Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw. The study group included 116 patients aged 9–18 years with a congenital absence of at least two permanent tooth buds in the maxilla and/or mandible (mean: 6.2 teeth missing/patient). All patients were Caucasians: 68 (59%) females and 48 (41%) males. The control group included 115 patients without tooth agenesis matched with the age and gender of the study group. A cephalometric analysis was performed, and it was focused on assessing anteroposterior mandibular measurements. This assessment was based on 17 measurements (12 linear and 5 angular). Statistical analysis of the cephalometric measurements between the study group and the control group showed significant changes regarding selected mandibular measurements. Tooth agenesis does not affect the total length of the mandible and the length of the mandibular body, but it might reduce the length of the mandibular arch length and result in a more retrusive mandibular position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jurek
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (E.M.C.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +22-116-64-54
| | - Dariusz Gozdowski
- Department of Biometry, Warsaw University of Life Science, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Monika Czochrowska
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (E.M.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Małgorzata Zadurska
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (E.M.C.); (M.Z.)
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Gene Mutations of the Three Ectodysplasin Pathway Key Players ( EDA, EDAR, and EDARADD) Account for More than 60% of Egyptian Ectodermal Dysplasia: A Report of Seven Novel Mutations. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091389. [PMID: 34573371 PMCID: PMC8468066 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a diverse group of genetic disorders caused by congenital defects of two or more ectodermal-derived body structures, namely, hair, teeth, nails, and some glands, e.g., sweat glands. Molecular pathogenesis of ED involves mutations of genes encoding key proteins of major developmental pathways, including ectodysplasin (EDA) and wingless-type (WNT) pathways. The most common ED phenotype is hypohidrotic/anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) featuring hypotrichosis, hypohidrosis/anhidrosis, and hypodontia. Molecular diagnosis is fundamental for disease management and emerging treatments. We used targeted next generation sequencing to study EDA, EDAR, EDARADD, and WNT10A genes in 45 Egyptian ED patients with or without hypohidrosis. We present genotype and phenotype data of 28 molecularly-characterized patients demonstrating genetic heterogeneity, variable expressivity, and intrafamilial phenotypic variability. Thirteen mutations were reported, including four novel EDA mutations, two novel EDARADD, and one novel EDAR mutations. Identified mutations congregated in exons encoding key functional domains. EDA is the most common gene contributing to 85% of the identified Egyptian ED genetic spectrum, followed by EDARADD (10%) and EDAR (5%). Our cohort represents the first and largest cohort from North Africa where more than 60% of ED patients were identified emphasizing the need for exome sequencing to explore unidentified cases.
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Adachi J, Aoki Y, Tatematsu T, Goto H, Nakayama A, Nishiyama T, Takahashi K, Sana M, Ota A, Machida J, Nagao T, Tokita Y. Novel MSX1 frameshift mutation in a Japanese family with nonsyndromic oligodontia. Hum Genome Var 2021; 8:29. [PMID: 34285200 PMCID: PMC8292458 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-021-00161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital tooth agenesis is a common anomaly in humans. We investigated the etiology of human tooth agenesis by exome analysis in Japanese patients, and found a previously undescribed heterozygous deletion (NM_002448.3(MSX1_v001):c.433_449del) in the first exon of the MSX1 gene. The deletion leads to a frameshift and generates a premature termination codon. The truncated form of MSX1, namely, p.(Trp145Leufs*24) lacks the homeodomain, which is crucial for transcription factor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Adachi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Aoki
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Tatematsu
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Hiroki Goto
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Atsuo Nakayama
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishiyama
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsu Takahashi
- Dentistry & Oral Surgery,Tazuke Kofukai, Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Akiko Ota
- Department of Oncology, Toyota Memorial Hospital, Toyota, Japan
| | - Junichiro Machida
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Toyota Memorial Hospital, Toyota, Japan
| | - Toru Nagao
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Tokita
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan. .,Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan.
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21
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Zhang H, Kong X, Ren J, Yuan S, Liu C, Hou Y, Liu Y, Meng L, Zhang G, Du Q, Shen W. A novel EDAR missense mutation identified by whole-exome sequencing with non-syndromic tooth agenesis in a Chinese family. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1684. [PMID: 33943035 PMCID: PMC8222839 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Causative variants in genes of the EDA/EDAR/NF‐κB pathway, such as EDA and EDARADD, have been widely identified in patients with non‐syndromic tooth agenesis (NSTA). However, few cases of NSTA are due to ectodysplasin‐A receptor (EDAR) variants. In this study, we investigated NSTA‐associated variants in Chinese families. Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from the family members of 24 individuals with NSTA for DNA extraction. The coding region of the EDA gene of the 24 probands was amplified by PCR and sequenced to investigate new variants. Whole‐exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were then performed for probands without EDA variants detected by PCR. Results A novel missense variant EDAR c.338G>A (p.(Cys113Tyr)) was identified in one family. In addition, three known EDA variants (c.865C>T, c.866G>A, and c.1013C>T) were identified in three families. Genotype–phenotype correlation analysis of EDAR gene mutation showed that NSTA patients were most likely to lose the maxillary lateral incisors and the maxillary central incisors were the least affected. The phenotype of mutations at codon 289 of EDA in NSTA affected patients was characterized by lateral incisors loss, rarely affecting the maxillary first molars. Conclusion A novel EDAR missense variant c.338G>A (p.(Cys113Tyr)) was identified in a family with NSTA, extending the mutation spectrum of the EDAR gene. Genotype–phenotype correlation analyses of EDAR and EDA mutations could help to improve disease status prediction in NSTA families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Xuanting Kong
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Jiabao Ren
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Yan Hou
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Lingqiang Meng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Qingqing Du
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Wenjing Shen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
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22
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[Detection of EDA gene mutation and phenotypic analysis in patients with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2021; 53. [PMID: 33550332 PMCID: PMC7867966 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect the ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene mutation in patients with hypohidro-tic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), and to analyze the distribution pattern of missing permanent teeth and the systemic manifestation of HED patients with EDA gene mutation. METHODS Twelve HED families were enrolled from clinic for genetic history collection, systemic physical examination and oral examination. Peripheral blood or saliva samples were collected from the probands and the family members to extract genomic DNA. PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing were utilized to detect the EDA gene variations, which were compared with the normal sequence (NM_001399.5). The functional impact of EDA gene variants was then evaluated by functional prediction of mutation, conservation analysis and protein structure prediction. The pathogenicity of each EDA gene variation was assessed according to the stan-dards and guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). The systemic phenotype and missing permanent tooth sites of HED patients with EDA gene mutations were summarized, and the missing rate of each tooth position was analyzed and compared. RESULTS Eight out of twelve HED families were identified to carry EDA gene mutations, including: c.164T>C(p.Leu55Pro); c.457C>T (p.Arg153Cys); c.466C>T(p.Arg156Cys); c. 584G>A(p.Gly195Glu); c.619delG(p.Gly207Profs*73); c.673C>T(p.Pro225Ser); c.676C>T(p.Gln226*) and c.905T>G(p.Phe302Cys). Among them, c.164T>C(p.Leu55Pro); c.619delG(p.Gly207Profs*73); c.673C>T(p.Pro225Ser); c.676C>T(p.Gln226*) and c.905T>G(p.Phe302Cys) were novel mutations. The HED patients with EDA gene mutations in this study were all male. Our results showed that the average number of missing permanent teeth was 13.86±4.49, the average number of missing permanent teeth in the upper jaw was 13.14±5.76, the missing rate was 73.02%. And in the lower jaw, the average number of missing permanent teeth was 14.57±3.05, the missing rate was 80.95%. There was no significant difference in the number of missing teeth between the left and right sides of the permanent dentition (P>0.05). Specifi-cally, the maxillary lateral incisors, the maxillary second premolars and the mandibular lateral incisors were more likely to be missing, while the maxillary central incisors, the maxillary and mandibular first molars had higher possibility of persistence. CONCLUSION This study detected novel EDA gene pathogenic variants and summarized the distribution pattern of missing permanent teeth of HED patients, thus enriched the variation and phenotype spectrum of EDA gene, and provided new clinical evidence for genetic diagnosis and prenatal consultation.
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Andreoni F, Sgattoni C, Bencardino D, Simonetti O, Forabosco A, Magnani M. Missense mutations in EDA and EDAR genes cause dominant syndromic tooth agenesis. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1555. [PMID: 33205897 PMCID: PMC7963410 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is the most common form of ectodermal dysplasia and is mainly associated with mutations in the EDA, EDAR, and EDARADD responsible for the development of ectodermal-derived structures. HED displays different modes of inheritance according to the gene that is involved, with X-linked EDA-related HED being the most frequent form of the disease. METHODS Two families with tooth agenesis and manifestations of HED underwent clinical examination and EDA, EDAR, and EDARADD genetic analysis. The impact of the novel variant on the protein was evaluated through bioinformatics tools, whereas molecular modeling was used to predict the effect on the protein structure. RESULTS A novel missense variant was identified in the EDAR (c.287T>C, p.Phe96Ser) of a female child proband and her mother, accounting for autosomal dominant HED. The genetic variant c.866G>A (p.Arg289His) in EDA, which has been previously described, was observed in the male proband of another family confirming its role in X-linked HED. The inheritance model of the missense mutation showed a different relationship with X-linked HED and non-syndromic tooth agenesis. CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence of variable expression of HED in heterozygous females, which should be considered for genetic counseling, and different modes of inheritance related to tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Sgattoni
- Coordinamento Interdipartimentale Malattie RareAzienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di AnconaAnconaItaly
| | | | - Oriana Simonetti
- Clinica DermatologicaAzienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di AnconaAnconaItaly
| | | | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of UrbinoFanoItaly
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24
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Yu M, Fan Z, Wong SW, Sun K, Zhang L, Liu H, Feng H, Liu Y, Han D. Lrp6 Dynamic Expression in Tooth Development and Mutations in Oligodontia. J Dent Res 2020; 100:415-422. [PMID: 33164649 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520970459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes associated with the WNT pathway play an important role in the etiology of tooth agenesis. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 encoding gene (LRP6) is a recently defined gene that is associated with autosomal dominant inherited tooth agenesis. Here, we aimed to identify novel LRP6 mutations in patients with tooth agenesis and investigate the significance of Lrp6 during tooth development. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified 4 novel LRP6 heterozygous mutations (c.2292G>A, c.195dup, c.1095dup, and c.1681C>T) in 4 of 77 oligodontia patients. Notably, a patient who carried a nonsense LRP6 mutation (c.2292G>A; p.W764*) presented a hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia phenotype. Preliminary functional studies, including bioinformatics analysis and TOP-/FOP-flash reporter assays, demonstrated that the activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling was compromised as a consequence of LRP6 mutations. RNAscope in situ hybridization revealed dynamic and special changes of Lrp6 expression during murine tooth development from E11.5 to E16.5. It was noteworthy that Lrp6 was specifically expressed in the epithelium at E11.5 to E13.5 but was expressed in both dental epithelium and dental papilla from E14.5 and persisted in both tissues at later stages. Our study broadens the mutation spectrum of human tooth agenesis and is the first to identify a LRP6 mutation in patients with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and reveal the dynamic expression pattern of Lrp6 during tooth development. Information from this study is conducive to understanding the functional significance of Lrp6 on the biological process of tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Z Fan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - S W Wong
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Care-Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - H Feng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - D Han
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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25
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Zhang L, Yu M, Wong S, Qu H, Cai T, Liu Y, Liu H, Fan Z, Zheng J, Zhou Y, Feng H, Han D. Comparative analysis of rare
EDAR
mutations and tooth agenesis pattern in
EDAR
‐ and
EDA
‐associated nonsyndromic oligodontia. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1957-1966. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.24104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liutao Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Sing‐Wai Wong
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Periodontology Program, Adams School of Dentistry University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Hong Qu
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Tao Cai
- Experimental Medicine Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Haochen Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Fan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Jinglei Zheng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Hailan Feng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Beijing China
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26
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Yuan S, Ren J, Qu H, Zhang G, Chen W, Zheng S, Meng L, Bai J, Du Q, Yang D, Shen W. A novel EDA1 missense mutation in X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19244. [PMID: 32176048 PMCID: PMC7220389 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A mutation in the epithelial morphogen gene ectodysplasin-A1 (EDA1) is responsible for the disorder X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED), the most common form of ectodermal dysplasia. XLHED is characterized by impaired development of hair, eccrine sweat glands, and teeth. This study aimed to identify potentially pathogenic mutations in four Chinese XLHED families.Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood and sequenced. Sanger sequencing was used to carry out mutational analysis of the EDA1 gene, and the three-dimensional structure of the novel mutant residues in the EDA trimer was determined. Transcriptional activity of NF-κB was tested by Dual luciferin assay.We identified a novel EDA1 mutation (c.1046C>T) and detected 3 other previously-reported mutations (c.146T>A; c.457C>T; c.467G>A). Our findings demonstrated that novel mutation c.1046C>T (p.A349 V) resulted in XLHED. The novel mutation could cause volume repulsion in the protein due to enlargement of the amino acid side chain. Dual luciferase assay revealed that transcriptional NF-κB activation induced by XLHED EDA1 protein was significantly reduced compared with wild-type EDA1.These results extend the spectrum of EDA1 mutations in XLHED patients and suggest a functional role of the novel mutation in XLHED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University and Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University and Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University and Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang
| | - Jiabao Ren
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University and Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang
| | - Hong Qu
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing
| | | | - Wenjing Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang
| | | | - Lingqiang Meng
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University and Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang
| | - Jiuping Bai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University and Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Qingqing Du
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | | | - Wenjing Shen
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University and Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang
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27
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Šimčíková D, Heneberg P. Refinement of evolutionary medicine predictions based on clinical evidence for the manifestations of Mendelian diseases. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18577. [PMID: 31819097 PMCID: PMC6901466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54976-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediction methods have become an integral part of biomedical and biotechnological research. However, their clinical interpretations are largely based on biochemical or molecular data, but not clinical data. Here, we focus on improving the reliability and clinical applicability of prediction algorithms. We assembled and curated two large non-overlapping large databases of clinical phenotypes. These phenotypes were caused by missense variations in 44 and 63 genes associated with Mendelian diseases. We used these databases to establish and validate the model, allowing us to improve the predictions obtained from EVmutation, SNAP2 and PoPMuSiC 2.1. The predictions of clinical effects suffered from a lack of specificity, which appears to be the common constraint of all recently used prediction methods, although predictions mediated by these methods are associated with nearly absolute sensitivity. We introduced evidence-based tailoring of the default settings of the prediction methods; this tailoring substantially improved the prediction outcomes. Additionally, the comparisons of the clinically observed and theoretical variations led to the identification of large previously unreported pools of variations that were under negative selection during molecular evolution. The evolutionary variation analysis approach described here is the first to enable the highly specific identification of likely disease-causing missense variations that have not yet been associated with any clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Šimčíková
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Heneberg
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
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28
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Martínez-Romero MC, Ballesta-Martínez MJ, López-González V, Sánchez-Soler MJ, Serrano-Antón AT, Barreda-Sánchez M, Rodriguez-Peña L, Martínez-Menchon MT, Frías-Iniesta J, Sánchez-Pedreño P, Carbonell-Meseguer P, Glover-López G, Guillén-Navarro E. EDA, EDAR, EDARADD and WNT10A allelic variants in patients with ectodermal derivative impairment in the Spanish population. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:281. [PMID: 31796081 PMCID: PMC6892193 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectodermal dysplasias (ED) are a group of genetic conditions affecting the development and/or homeostasis of two or more ectodermal derivatives. An attenuated phenotype is considered a non-syndromic trait when the patient is affected by only one impaired ectodermal structure, such as in non-syndromic tooth agenesis (NSTA) disorder. Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is the most highly represented ED. X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) is the most common subtype, with an incidence of 1/50,000-100,000 males, and is associated with the EDA gene (Xq12-q13.1); the dominant and recessive subtypes involve the EDAR (2q13) and EDARADD (1q42.3) genes, respectively. The WNT10A gene (2q35) is associated more frequently with NSTA. Our goal was to determine the mutational spectrum in a cohort of 72 Spanish patients affected by one or more ectodermal derivative impairments referred to as HED (63/72) or NSTA (9 /72) to establish the prevalence of the allelic variants of the four most frequently associated genes. Sanger sequencing of the EDA, EDAR, EDARADD and WNT10A genes and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) were performed. RESULTS A total of 61 children and 11 adults, comprising 50 males and 22 females, were included. The average ages were 5.4 and 40.2 years for children and adults, respectively. A molecular basis was identified in 51/72 patients, including 47/63 HED patients, for whom EDA was the most frequently involved gene, and 4/9 NSTA patients, most of whom had variants of WNT10A. Among all the patients, 37/51 had variants of EDA, 8/51 had variants of the WNT10A gene, 4/51 had variants of EDAR and 5/51 had variants of EDARADD. In 42/51 of cases, the variants were inherited according to an X-linked pattern (27/42), with the remaining showing an autosomal dominant (10/42) or autosomal recessive (5/42) pattern. Among the NSTA patients, 3/9 carried pathogenic variants of WNT10A and 1/9 carried EDA variants. A total of 60 variants were detected in 51 patients, 46 of which were different, and out of these 46 variants, 12 were novel. CONCLUSIONS This is the only molecular study conducted to date in the Spanish population affected by ED. The EDA, EDAR, EDARADD and WNT10A genes constitute the molecular basis in 70.8% of patients with a 74.6% yield in HED and 44.4% in NSTA. Twelve novel variants were identified. The WNT10A gene has been confirmed as the second molecular candidate that has been identified and accounts for one-half of non-EDA patients and one-third of NSTA patients. Further studies using next generation sequencing (NGS) will help to identify other contributory genes in the remaining uncharacterized Spanish patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Martínez-Romero
- Centro de Bioquímica y Genética Clínica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB- Arrixaca. Murcia. CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Programa de doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - María Juliana Ballesta-Martínez
- Sección Genética Médica. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. IMIB- Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia. CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Cátedra de Genética. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Vanesa López-González
- Sección Genética Médica. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. IMIB- Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia. CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Cátedra de Genética. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - María José Sánchez-Soler
- Sección Genética Médica. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. IMIB- Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia. CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Cátedra de Genética. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Teresa Serrano-Antón
- Sección Genética Médica. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. IMIB- Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia. CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Barreda-Sánchez
- Cátedra de Genética. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Lidya Rodriguez-Peña
- Sección Genética Médica. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. IMIB- Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia. CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Martínez-Menchon
- Servicio de Dermatología. Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Frías-Iniesta
- Servicio de Dermatología. Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Pedreño
- Servicio de Dermatología. Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Carbonell-Meseguer
- Centro de Bioquímica y Genética Clínica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB- Arrixaca. Murcia. CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Glover-López
- Centro de Bioquímica y Genética Clínica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB- Arrixaca. Murcia. CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Encarna Guillén-Navarro
- Departamento de Cirugía, Pediatría, Obstetricia y Ginecología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain. .,Sección Genética Médica (Hospital Materno-Infantil. Planta 0), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, CP 30120, Murcia, Spain.
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29
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He F, Wang H, Zhang X, Gao Q, Guo F, Chen C. Conservation analysis and pathogenicity prediction of mutant genes of ectodysplasin a. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:209. [PMID: 30526585 PMCID: PMC6286515 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a common recessive X-linked hereditary disease that affects the development of ectoderm. Gene mutations of ectodysplasin A (EDA) play key roles in process of this disease. In our preliminary study, three unknown mutation sites (c.878 T > G, c.663-697del and c.587-615del) were detected from the pedigrees of HED. Methods Conservation analysis of the related homologous proteins in 3 unknown EDA gene mutation sites was conducted using the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Genome Browser database. SIFT and PolyPhen-2, the online gene function prediction software, were utilized to predict the pathogenicity of point mutation of c.878 T > G. Results All three unknown mutation sites were located in the highly-conserved region of EDA and possessed strong amino acid conservation among different species. In addition, the results of the pathogenicity prediction of point mutation of c.878 T > G by SIFT (P = 0.00) and PolyPhen-2 (S = 0.997) demonstrated that the mutation site had considerable pathogenicity theoretically. Conclusions The EDA mutations of c.878 T > G, c.663-697del and c.587-615del may be responsible for the pathogenesis of HED in their pedigrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqi He
- Department of Prosthodontics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Hongfeng Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qingping Gao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
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30
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Zhao K, Lian M, Zou D, Huang W, Zhou W, Shen Y, Wang F, Wu Y. Novel mutations identified in patients with tooth agenesis by whole-exome sequencing. Oral Dis 2018; 25:523-534. [PMID: 30417976 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify potentially pathogenic mutations for tooth agenesis by whole-exome sequencing. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Ten Chinese families including five families with ectodermal dysplasia (syndromic tooth agenesis) and five families with selective tooth agenesis were included. Whole-exome sequencing was performed using genomic DNA. Potentially pathogenic mutations were identified after data filtering and screening. The pathogenicity of novel variants was investigated by segregation analysis, in silico analysis, and functional studies. RESULTS One novel mutation (c.441_442insACTCT) and three reported mutations (c.252delT, c.463C>T, and c.1013C>T) in EDA were identified in families with ectodermal dysplasia. The novel EDA mutation was co-segregated with phenotype. A functional study revealed that NF-κB activation was compromised by the identified mutations. The secretion of active EDA was also compromised detection by western blotting. Novel Wnt10A mutations (c.521T>C and c.653T>G) and EVC2 mutation (c.1472C>T) were identified in families with selective tooth agenesis. The Wnt10A c.521T>C mutation and the EVC2 c.1472C>T mutation were considered as pathogenic for affecting highly conserved amino acids, co-segregated with phenotype and predicted to be disease-causing by SIFT and PolyPhen2. Moreover, several reported mutations in PAX9, Wnt10A, and FGFR3 were also detected. CONCLUSIONS Our study expanded our knowledge on tooth agenesis spectrum by identifying novel variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Second Dental Clinic, Department of Oral Implantology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meifei Lian
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Duohong Zou
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Zhou
- Second Dental Clinic, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Shen
- Second Dental Clinic, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Second Dental Clinic, Department of Oral Implantology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Zhang T, Zhao X, Hou F, Sun Y, Wu J, Ma T, Zhang X. A novel
PAX9
mutation found in a Chinese patient with hypodontia via whole exome sequencing. Oral Dis 2018; 25:234-241. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Feifei Hou
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Yanwei Sun
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
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32
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Han X, Yoshizaki K, Miyazaki K, Arai C, Funada K, Yuta T, Tian T, Chiba Y, Saito K, Iwamoto T, Yamada A, Takahashi I, Fukumoto S. The transcription factor NKX2-3 mediates p21 expression and ectodysplasin-A signaling in the enamel knot for cusp formation in tooth development. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14572-14584. [PMID: 30089653 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth morphogenesis is initiated by reciprocal interactions between the ectoderm and neural crest-derived mesenchyme. During tooth development, tooth cusps are regulated by precise control of proliferation of cell clusters, termed enamel knots, that are present among dental epithelial cells. The interaction of ectodysplasin-A (EDA) with its receptor, EDAR, plays a critical role in cusp formation by these enamel knots, and mutations of these genes is a cause of ectodermal dysplasia. It has also been reported that deficiency in Nkx2-3, encoding a member of the NK2 homeobox family of transcription factors, leads to cusp absence in affected teeth. However, the molecular role of NKX2-3 in tooth morphogenesis is not clearly understood. Using gene microarray analysis in mouse embryos, we found that Nkx2-3 is highly expressed during tooth development and increased during the tooth morphogenesis, especially during cusp formation. We also demonstrate that NKX2-3 is a target molecule of EDA and critical for expression of the cell cycle regulator p21 in the enamel knot. Moreover, NKX2-3 activated the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway by up-regulating expression levels of Bmp2 and Bmpr2 in dental epithelium and decreased the expression of the dental epithelial stem cell marker SRY box 2 (SOX2). Together, our results indicate that EDA/NKX2-3 signaling is essential for enamel knot formation during tooth morphogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- From the Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- From the Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582,
| | - Kanako Miyazaki
- From the Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Chieko Arai
- From the Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Keita Funada
- From the Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Tomomi Yuta
- From the Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Tian Tian
- From the Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Yuta Chiba
- the Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, and
| | - Kan Saito
- the Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, and
| | - Tsutomu Iwamoto
- the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima 770-0042, Japan
| | - Aya Yamada
- the Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, and
| | - Ichiro Takahashi
- From the Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- the Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, and
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33
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Abid MF, Simpson MA, Barbosa IA, Seppala M, Irving M, Sharpe PT, Cobourne MT. WNT10A mutation results in severe tooth agenesis in a family of three sisters. Orthod Craniofac Res 2018; 21:153-159. [PMID: 29927056 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the genetic basis of severe tooth agenesis in a family of three affected sisters. PATIENTS AND METHODS A family of three sisters with severe tooth agenesis was recruited for whole-exome sequencing to identify potential genetic variation responsible for this penetrant phenotype. The unaffected father was tested for specific mutations using Sanger sequencing. Gene discovery was supplemented with in situ hybridization to localize gene expression during human tooth development. RESULTS We report a nonsense heterozygous mutation in exon 2 of WNT10A c.321C>A[p.Cys107*] likely to be responsible for the severe tooth agenesis identified in this family through the creation of a premature stop codon, resulting in truncation of the amino acid sequence and therefore loss of protein function. In situ hybridization showed expression of WNT10A in odontogenic epithelium during the early and late stages of human primary tooth development. CONCLUSIONS WNT10A has previously been associated with both syndromic and non-syndromic forms of tooth agenesis, and this report further expands our knowledge of genetic variation underlying non-syndromic forms of this condition. We also demonstrate expression of WNT10A in the epithelial compartment of human tooth germs during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Abid
- Centre for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad/Al-Rusafa, Iraq
| | - M A Simpson
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - I A Barbosa
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Seppala
- Centre for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Orthodontics, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Irving
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Borough Wing, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - P T Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - M T Cobourne
- Centre for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Orthodontics, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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34
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Fournier BP, Bruneau MH, Toupenay S, Kerner S, Berdal A, Cormier-Daire V, Hadj-Rabia S, Coudert AE, de La Dure-Molla M. Patterns of Dental Agenesis Highlight the Nature of the Causative Mutated Genes. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1306-1316. [PMID: 29879364 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518777460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common outcome of defective dental morphogenesis in human patients is dental agenesis (absence of teeth). This may affect either the primary or permanent dentition and can range from 5 or fewer missing teeth (hypodontia), 6 or more (oligodontia), to complete absence of teeth (anodontia). Both isolated and syndromic dental agenesis have been reported to be associated with a large number of mutated genes. The aim of this review was to analyze the dental phenotypes of syndromic and nonsyndromic dental agenesis linked to gene mutations. A systematic review of the literature focusing on genes ( MSX1, PAX9, AXIN2, PITX2, WNT10A, NEMO, EDA, EDAR, EDARADD, GREMLIN2, LTBP3, LRP6, and SMOC2) known to be involved in dental agenesis was performed and included 101 articles. A meta-analysis was performed using the dental phenotypes of 522 patients. The total number and type of missing teeth were analyzed for each mutated gene. The percentages of missing teeth for each gene were compared to determine correlations between genotypes and phenotypes. Third molar agenesis was included in the clinical phenotype assessment. The findings show that isolated dental agenesis exists as part of a spectrum of syndromes for all the identified genes except PAX9 and that the pattern of dental agenesis can be useful in clinical diagnosis to identify (or narrow) the causative gene mutations. While third molar agenesis was the most frequent type of dental agenesis, affecting 70% of patients, it was described in only 30% of patients with EDA gene mutations. This study shows that the pattern of dental agenesis gives information about the mutated gene and could guide molecular diagnosis for geneticists.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Fournier
- 1 Université Paris-Diderot, UFR d'Odontologie, Paris, France.,2 Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, O-Rares, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Paris, France.,3 Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - M H Bruneau
- 1 Université Paris-Diderot, UFR d'Odontologie, Paris, France
| | - S Toupenay
- 1 Université Paris-Diderot, UFR d'Odontologie, Paris, France.,2 Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, O-Rares, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - S Kerner
- 1 Université Paris-Diderot, UFR d'Odontologie, Paris, France.,2 Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, O-Rares, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Paris, France.,4 Département de Parodontologie; Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - A Berdal
- 1 Université Paris-Diderot, UFR d'Odontologie, Paris, France.,2 Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, O-Rares, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Paris, France.,3 Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - V Cormier-Daire
- 5 INSERM UMR1163, Institut IMAGINE, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,6 Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence pour les Dysplasies Osseuses.,7 Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - S Hadj-Rabia
- 7 Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,8 Département de Dermatologie; Centre national de référence des Maladies Génétiques à Expression Cutanée (MAGEC), Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - A E Coudert
- 1 Université Paris-Diderot, UFR d'Odontologie, Paris, France.,3 Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - M de La Dure-Molla
- 1 Université Paris-Diderot, UFR d'Odontologie, Paris, France.,2 Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, O-Rares, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Paris, France.,4 Département de Parodontologie; Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Paris, France
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35
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Williams MA, Letra A. The Changing Landscape in the Genetic Etiology of Human Tooth Agenesis. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9050255. [PMID: 29772684 PMCID: PMC5977195 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite much progress in understanding the genetics of syndromic tooth agenesis (TA), the causes of the most common, isolated TA remain elusive. Recent studies have identified novel genes and variants contributing to the etiology of TA, and revealed new pathways in which tooth development genes belong. Further, the use of new research approaches including next-generation sequencing has provided increased evidence supporting an oligogenic inheritance model for TA, and may explain the phenotypic variability of the condition. In this review, we present current knowledge about the genetic mechanisms underlying syndromic and isolated TA in humans, and highlight the value of incorporating next-generation sequencing approaches to identify causative and/or modifier genes that contribute to the etiology of TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Williams
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Ariadne Letra
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
- Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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36
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Dinckan N, Du R, Akdemir ZC, Bayram Y, Jhiangiani S, Doddapaneni H, Hu J, Muzny DM, Guven Y, Aktoren O, Kayserili H, Boerwinkle E, Gibbs RA, Posey JE, Lupski JR, Uyguner ZO, Letra A. A biallelic ANTXR1 variant expands the anthrax toxin receptor associated phenotype to tooth agenesis. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:1015-1022. [PMID: 29436111 PMCID: PMC5933053 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tooth development is regulated by multiple genetic pathways, which ultimately drive the complex interactions between the oral epithelium and mesenchyme. Disruptions at any time point during this process may lead to failure of tooth development, also known as tooth agenesis (TA). TA is a common craniofacial abnormality in humans and represents the failure to develop one or more permanent teeth. Many genes and potentially subtle variants in these genes contribute to the TA phenotype. We report the clinical and genetic impact of a rare homozygous ANTXR1 variant (c.1312C>T), identified by whole exome sequencing (WES), in a consanguineous Turkish family with TA. Mutations in ANTXR1 have been associated with GAPO (growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia, and optic atrophy) syndrome and infantile hemangioma, however no clinical characteristics associated with these conditions were observed in our study family. We detected the expression of Antxr1 in oral and dental tissues of developing mouse embryos, further supporting a role for this gene in tooth development. Our findings implicate ANTXR1 as a candidate gene for isolated TA, suggest the involvement of specific hypomorphic alleles, and expand the previously known ANTXR1-associated phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuriye Dinckan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Renqian Du
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zeynep Coban Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yavuz Bayram
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shalini Jhiangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Harsha Doddapaneni
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianhong Hu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Donna M. Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yeliz Guven
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, 34390, Turkey
| | - Oya Aktoren
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, 34390, Turkey
| | - Hulya Kayserili
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koc University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zehra Oya Uyguner
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Ariadne Letra
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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37
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Zeng B, Zhao Q, Li S, Lu H, Lu J, Ma L, Zhao W, Yu D. Novel EDA or EDAR Mutations Identified in Patients with X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia or Non-Syndromic Tooth Agenesis. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8100259. [PMID: 28981473 PMCID: PMC5664109 DOI: 10.3390/genes8100259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Both X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) and non-syndromic tooth agenesis (NSTA) result in symptoms of congenital tooth loss. This study investigated genetic causes in two families with XLHED and four families with NSTA. We screened for mutations of WNT10A, EDA, EDAR, EDARADD, PAX9, MSX1, AXIN2, LRP6, and WNT10B through Sanger sequencing. Whole exome sequencing was performed for the proband of NSTA Family 4. Novel mutation c.1051G>T (p.Val351Phe) and the known mutation c.467G>A (p.Arg156His) of Ectodysplasin A (EDA) were identified in families with XLHED. Novel EDA receptor (EDAR) mutation c.73C>T (p.Arg25*), known EDA mutation c.491A>C (p.Glu164Ala), and known Wnt family member 10A (WNT10A) mutations c.511C>T (p.Arg171Cys) and c.742C>T (p.Arg248*) were identified in families with NSTA. The novel EDA and EDAR mutations were predicted as being pathogenic through bioinformatics analyses and structural modeling. Two variants of WNT10A, c.374G>A (p.Arg125Lys) and c.125A>G (p.Asn42Ser), were found in patients with NSTA. The two WNT10A variants were predicted to affect the splicing of message RNA, but minigene experiments showed normal splicing of mutated minigenes. This study uncovered the genetic foundations with respect to six families with XLHED or NSTA. We identified six mutations, of which two were novel mutations of EDA and EDAR. This is the first report of a nonsense EDAR mutation leading to NSTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghui Zeng
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China.
| | - Sijie Li
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Hui Lu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Jiaxuan Lu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Lan Ma
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
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38
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Wong SW, Han D, Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhang X, Miao MZ, Wang Y, Zhao N, Zeng L, Bai B, Wang YX, Liu H, Frazier-Bowers SA, Feng H. Nine Novel PAX9 Mutations and a Distinct Tooth Agenesis Genotype-Phenotype. J Dent Res 2017; 97:155-162. [PMID: 28910570 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517729322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth agenesis is one of the most common developmental anomalies affecting function and esthetics. The paired-domain transcription factor, Pax9, is critical for patterning and morphogenesis of tooth and taste buds. Mutations of PAX9 have been identified in patients with tooth agenesis. Despite significant progress in the genetics of tooth agenesis, many gaps in knowledge exist in refining the genotype-phenotype correlation between PAX9 and tooth agenesis. In the present study, we complete genetic and phenotypic characterization of multiplex Chinese families with nonsyndromic (NS) tooth agenesis. Direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products revealed 9 novel (c.140G>C, c.167T>A, c.332G>C, c.194C>A, c.271A>T, c.146delC, c.185_189dup, c.256_262dup, and c.592delG) and 2 known heterozygous mutations in the PAX9 gene among 120 probands. Subsequently, pedigrees were extended, and we confirmed that the mutations co-segregated with the tooth agenesis phenotype (with exception of families in which DNA analysis was not available). In 1 family ( n = 6), 2 individuals harbored both the PAX9 c.592delG mutation and a heterozygous missense mutation (c.739C>T) in the MSX1 gene. Clinical characterization of families segregating a PAX9 mutation reveal that all affected individuals were missing the mandibular second molar and their maxillary central incisors are most susceptible to microdontia. A significant reduction of bitter taste perception was documented in individuals harboring PAX9 mutations ( n = 3). Functional studies revealed that PAX9 haploinsufficiency or a loss of function of the PAX9 protein underlies tooth agenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-W Wong
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,2 Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Curriculum, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,3 Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - D Han
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - H Zhang
- 4 Central Laboratory, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Liu
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - X Zhang
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - M Z Miao
- 2 Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Curriculum, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Y Wang
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - N Zhao
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - L Zeng
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - B Bai
- 5 Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Y-X Wang
- 4 Central Laboratory, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - H Liu
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,6 National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - S A Frazier-Bowers
- 7 Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - H Feng
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,6 National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Dinckan N, Du R, Petty LE, Coban-Akdemir Z, Jhangiani SN, Paine I, Baugh EH, Erdem AP, Kayserili H, Doddapaneni H, Hu J, Muzny DM, Boerwinkle E, Gibbs RA, Lupski JR, Uyguner ZO, Below JE, Letra A. Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Novel Variants for Tooth Agenesis. J Dent Res 2017; 97:49-59. [PMID: 28813618 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517724149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth agenesis is a common craniofacial abnormality in humans and represents failure to develop 1 or more permanent teeth. Tooth agenesis is complex, and variations in about a dozen genes have been reported as contributing to the etiology. Here, we combined whole-exome sequencing, array-based genotyping, and linkage analysis to identify putative pathogenic variants in candidate disease genes for tooth agenesis in 10 multiplex Turkish families. Novel homozygous and heterozygous variants in LRP6, DKK1, LAMA3, and COL17A1 genes, as well as known variants in WNT10A, were identified as likely pathogenic in isolated tooth agenesis. Novel variants in KREMEN1 were identified as likely pathogenic in 2 families with suspected syndromic tooth agenesis. Variants in more than 1 gene were identified segregating with tooth agenesis in 2 families, suggesting oligogenic inheritance. Structural modeling of missense variants suggests deleterious effects to the encoded proteins. Functional analysis of an indel variant (c.3607+3_6del) in LRP6 suggested that the predicted resulting mRNA is subject to nonsense-mediated decay. Our results support a major role for WNT pathways genes in the etiology of tooth agenesis while revealing new candidate genes. Moreover, oligogenic cosegregation was suggestive for complex inheritance and potentially complex gene product interactions during development, contributing to improved understanding of the genetic etiology of familial tooth agenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dinckan
- 1 Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,2 Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Du
- 3 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L E Petty
- 4 Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Z Coban-Akdemir
- 3 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S N Jhangiani
- 5 Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - I Paine
- 3 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E H Baugh
- 6 Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - A P Erdem
- 7 Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Kayserili
- 8 Department of Medical Genetics, Koc University, School of Medicine (KUSOM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Doddapaneni
- 5 Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Hu
- 5 Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D M Muzny
- 5 Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Boerwinkle
- 4 Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA.,5 Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R A Gibbs
- 3 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,5 Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J R Lupski
- 3 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,5 Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,9 Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,10 Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Z O Uyguner
- 1 Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - J E Below
- 4 Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Letra
- 2 Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA.,11 Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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Bock NC, Lenz S, Ruiz-Heiland G, Ruf S. Nonsyndromic oligodontia : Does the Tooth Agenesis Code (TAC) enable prediction of the causative mutation? J Orofac Orthop 2017; 78:112-120. [PMID: 28204848 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-016-0056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The literature suggests an association between phenotype and causative mutation in nonsyndromic oligodontia. Thus, the present study was designed to verify this hypothesis in a consecutive cohort of patients. METHODS All patients with nonsyndromic oligodontia who had been treated at the study center (Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Germany) over the period 1986-2013 were contacted. Candidates were included only if at least one more family member had hypo- or oligodontia (i.e., without regard to the number of congenitally missing teeth). A total of 20 patients were included. After evaluating the dental status of each participant, the Tooth Agenesis Code (TAC) was applied. On this basis, a tentative diagnosis was made to predict which gene (MSX1, AXIN2, EDA, or PAX9) was likely to show mutation. Afterwards this hypothesis was confirmed or rejected by analyzing a saliva sample for mutation of the predicted gene. If confirmed, any available family members were also genetically analyzed. RESULTS Based on their TAC scores and sums, gene mutations were predicted for MXS1 in 11, AXIN2 in 3, EDA in 6, and PAX9 in none of the patients. The evaluation of MSX1 yielded variants in 4 of 11 cases, all of which were classified as nonpathogenic since they were not considered as functional mutations. The evaluation of EDA yielded a pathogenic exon-7 mutation in 2 of 6 patients, both being brothers with different TAC scores; the same mutation, which represents a novel missense mutation, was also found in other members of the same family. The evaluation of AXIN2 yielded variants in 3 of 3 cases, all of which were classified as nonpathogenic. CONCLUSIONS Our findings obtained in consecutive patients with nonsyndromic oligodontia did not reveal any clinically relevant associations between oligodontia phenotype (based on TAC) and causative mutations for nonsyndromic oligodontia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko C Bock
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | | | - Gisela Ruiz-Heiland
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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Ye X, Attaie AB. Genetic Basis of Nonsyndromic and Syndromic Tooth Agenesis. J Pediatr Genet 2016; 5:198-208. [PMID: 27895972 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1592421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human dentition development is a long and complex process which involves a series of reciprocal and sequential interactions between the embryonic stomodeal epithelium and the underlying neural crest-derived mesenchyme. Despite environment disturbances, tooth development is predominantly genetically controlled. To date, more than 200 genes have been identified in tooth development. These genes implied in various signaling pathways such as the bone morphogenetic protein, fibroblast growth factor, sonic hedgehog homolog, ectodysplasin A, wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnt), and transform growth factor pathways. Mutations in any of these strictly balanced signaling cascades may cause arrested odontogenesis and/or other dental defects. This article aims to review current knowledge about the genetic mechanisms responsible for selective nonsyndromic tooth agenesis in humans and to present a detailed summary of syndromes with hypodontia as regular features and their causative genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Ye
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States; School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ali B Attaie
- Departments of Pediatrics and Dental Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
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42
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Yu P, Yang W, Han D, Wang X, Guo S, Li J, Li F, Zhang X, Wong SW, Bai B, Liu Y, Du J, Sun Z, Shi S, Feng H, Cai T. Mutations in WNT10B Are Identified in Individuals with Oligodontia. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:195-201. [PMID: 27321946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth agenesis is one of the most common developmental anomalies in humans. Oligodontia, a severe form of tooth agenesis, is genetically and phenotypically a heterogeneous condition. Although significant efforts have been made, the genetic etiology of dental agenesis remains largely unknown. In the present study, we performed whole-exome sequencing to identify the causative mutations in Chinese families in whom oligodontia segregates with dominant inheritance. We detected a heterozygous missense mutation (c.632G>A [p.Arg211Gln]) in WNT10B in all affected family members. By Sanger sequencing a cohort of 145 unrelated individuals with non-syndromic oligodontia, we identified three additional mutations (c.569C>G [p.Pro190Arg], c.786G>A [p.Trp262(∗)], and c.851T>G [p.Phe284Cys]). Interestingly, analysis of genotype-phenotype correlations revealed that mutations in WNT10B affect the development of permanent dentition, particularly the lateral incisors. Furthermore, a functional assay demonstrated that each of these mutants could not normally enhance the canonical Wnt signaling in HEPG2 epithelial cells, in which activity of the TOPFlash luciferase reporter was measured. Notably, these mutant WNT10B ligands could not efficiently induce endothelial differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. Our findings provide the identification of autosomal-dominant WNT10B mutations in individuals with oligodontia, which increases the spectrum of congenital tooth agenesis and suggests attenuated Wnt signaling in endothelial differentiation of dental pulp stem cells.
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43
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Shen W, Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu H, Zhao H, Zhang G, Snead ML, Han D, Feng H. Functional Study of Ectodysplasin-A Mutations Causing Non-Syndromic Tooth Agenesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154884. [PMID: 27144394 PMCID: PMC4856323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that ectodysplasin-A (EDA) mutations are associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis. Indeed, we were the first to report three novel EDA mutations (A259E, R289C and R334H) in sporadic non-syndromic tooth agenesis. We studied the mechanism linking EDA mutations and non-syndromic tooth agenesis in human embryonic kidney 293T cells and mouse ameloblast-derived LS8 cells transfected with mutant isoforms of EDA. The receptor binding capability of the mutant EDA1 protein was impaired in comparison to wild-type EDA1. Although the non-syndromic tooth agenesis-causing EDA1 mutants possessed residual binding capability, the transcriptional activation of the receptor's downstream target, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), was compromised. We also analyzed the changes of selected genes in other signaling pathways, such as WNT and BMP, after EDA mutation. We found that non-syndromic tooth agenesis-causing EDA1 mutant proteins upregulate BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) mRNA expression and downregulate WNT10A and WNT10B (wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 10A and 10B) mRNA expression. Our results indicated that non-syndromic tooth agenesis causing EDA mutations (A259E, R289C and R334H) were loss-of-function, and suggested that EDA may regulate the expression of WNT10A, WNT10B and BMP4 via NF-κB during tooth development. The results from our study may help to understand the molecular mechanism linking specific EDA mutations with non-syndromic tooth agenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Shen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, 050017, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haochen Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongshan Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Human Disease Genomics Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Malcolm L. Snead
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States of America
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hailan Feng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
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44
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Novel missense mutation in the EDA gene in a family affected by oligodontia. J Orofac Orthop 2016; 77:31-8. [PMID: 26753551 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-015-0005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the EDA-EDAR-EDARADD genes and more recently, mutations in the WNT10A gene have been described as the cause of syndromic and nonsyndromic tooth agenesis concomitant with diverse abnormalities of ectodermally derived tissues. AIM In the present investigation, two brothers presenting severe tooth agenesis (oligodontia) concomitant with subtle signs of ectodermal dysplasia (ED) symptoms, as well as six family relatives were analyzed for a causative mutation. METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated from saliva, and genetic screening performed via direct sequencing of PCR fragments covering the entire coding regions and the intron-exon junctions of the EDA, EDAR, EDARADD as well as the WNT10A genes. Mutation analysis was conducted using the Mutation Surveyor(®) Software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We identified a novel G > A mutation located on exon 7 at nucleotide position c.866 in the EDA gene in both patients. The nucleotide change results in a substitution of arginine by histidine (p.Arg289His). According to the programs MutationTaster and PolyPhen2, this mutation is pathogenic. Based on a computerized protein structure analysis, we suggest that the change p.Arg289His in EDA impairs protein stabilization and thus might possibly be involved in the development of oligodontia concomitant with a mild ED phenotype.
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45
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Zeng B, Lu H, Xiao X, Zhou L, Lu J, Zhu L, Yu D, Zhao W. NovelEDAmutation in X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and genotype-phenotype correlation. Oral Dis 2015; 21:994-1000. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Zeng
- Guanghua School of Stomatology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
- Department of Medical Genetics; Zhongshan School of Medicine and Center for Genome Research; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - H Lu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - X Xiao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - L Zhou
- Guanghua School of Stomatology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - J Lu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - L Zhu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - D Yu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - W Zhao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
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Massink M, Créton M, Spanevello F, Fennis W, Cune M, Savelberg S, Nijman IJ, Maurice M, van den Boogaard MJH, van Haaften G. Loss-of-Function Mutations in the WNT Co-receptor LRP6 Cause Autosomal-Dominant Oligodontia. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:621-6. [PMID: 26387593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth agenesis is one of the most common developmental anomalies in man. Oligodontia, a severe form of tooth agenesis, occurs both as an isolated anomaly and as a syndromal feature. We performed exome sequencing on 20 unrelated individuals with apparent non-syndromic oligodontia and failed to detect mutations in genes previously associated with oligodontia. In three of the probands, we detected heterozygous variants in LRP6, and sequencing of additional oligodontia-affected individuals yielded one additional mutation in LRP6. Three mutations (c.1144_1145dupAG [p.Ala383Glyfs(∗)8], c.1779dupT [p.Glu594(∗)], and c.2224_2225dupTT [p.Leu742Phefs(∗)7]) are predicted to truncate the protein, whereas the fourth (c.56C>T [p.Ala19Val]) is a missense variant of a conserved residue located at the cleavage site of the protein's signal peptide. All four affected individuals harboring a LRP6 mutation had a family history of tooth agenesis. LRP6 encodes a transmembrane cell-surface protein that functions as a co-receptor with members from the Frizzled protein family in the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade. In this same pathway, WNT10A was recently identified as a major contributor in the etiology of non-syndromic oligodontia. We show that the LRP6 missense variant (c.56C>T) results in altered glycosylation and improper subcellular localization of the protein, resulting in abrogated activation of the Wnt pathway. Our results identify LRP6 variants as contributing to the etiology of non-syndromic autosomal-dominant oligodontia and suggest that this gene is a candidate for screening in DNA diagnostics.
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Liu H, Ding T, Zhan Y, Feng H. A Novel AXIN2 Missense Mutation Is Associated with Non-Syndromic Oligodontia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138221. [PMID: 26406231 PMCID: PMC4583461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodontia is defined as the congenital absence of six or more permanent teeth, excluding the third molars. Oligodontia may contribute to masticatory dysfunction, speech alteration, aesthetic problems and malocclusion. Numerous gene mutations have been association with oligodontia. In the present study, we identified a de novo AXIN2 missense mutation (c.314T>G) in a Chinese individual with non-syndromic oligodontia. This mutation results in the substitution of Val at residue 105 for Gly (p.Val105Gly); residue 105 is located in the highly conserved regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain of the AXIN2 protein. This is the first report indicating that a mutation in the RGS domain of AXIN2 is responsible for non-syndromic oligodontia. Our study supports the relationship between AXIN2 mutation and non-syndromic oligodontia and extends the mutation spectrum of the AXIN2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Ding
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhan
- The Third Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Hailan Feng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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48
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Suryadeva S, Khan MB. Role of homeobox genes in tooth morphogenesis: a review. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:ZE09-12. [PMID: 25859538 PMCID: PMC4378821 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/11067.5606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In oral cavity, disturbances due to genetic alterations may range from lack of tooth development to morphological defects. Due to technical advances in genetic engineering and molecular biology, valuable information regarding dentofacial growth could be studied in detailed manner. This helped us to explain the aetiology and pathogenesis of many dentofacial disorders. The success in treatment lies first in determining the aetiology of tooth anomalies and finally differentiating the effect of genes and environment on the orofacial diseases of that particular individual. Several genes belonging to class II homeobox families are expressed during odontogenesis however homeobox genes are not directly imvolved in tooth formation as they are not directly expressed in the first branchial arch derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreevalli Suryadeva
- Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Drs. Sudha and Nageswara Rao Pinnamineni Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Gunnavaram, Vijayawada, Andhara Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammadi Begum Khan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Drs. Sudha and Nageswara Rao Pinnamineni Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Gunnavaram, Vijayawada, Andhara Pradesh, India
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49
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Wong SW, Liu HC, Han D, Chang HG, Zhao HS, Wang YX, Feng HL. A novel non-stop mutation in MSX1 causing autosomal dominant non-syndromic oligodontia. Mutagenesis 2014; 29:319-23. [PMID: 24914010 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodontia, which is the congenital absence of six or more permanent teeth, excluding the third molars, may contribute to masticatory dysfunction, speech alteration, aesthetic problems and malocclusion. Msh homeobox 1 (MSX1) was the first gene identified as causing non-syndromic oligodontia. In this study, we identified a novel heterozygous non-stop mutation (c.910_911dupTA, p.*304Tyrext*48) in MSX1 in a Chinese family with autosomal dominant non-syndromic oligodontia. This novel mutation substitutes the stop codon with a tyrosine residue, potentially adding 48 amino acids to the C-terminus of MSX1. Further in vitro study found that mutant MSX1 could be expressed but had lost its ability to enter the nucleus. This is the first report indicating that a non-stop mutation in MSX1 is responsible for oligodontia. This study broadens the mutation spectrum for MSX1 and provides a new way to clarify the mechanism of MSX1 in tooth agenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing-Wai Wong
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao-Chen Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huai-Guang Chang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong-Shan Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China and
| | - Yi-Xiang Wang
- Central Laboratory, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hai-Lan Feng
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China,
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Lee KE, Ko J, Shin TJ, Hyun HK, Lee SH, Kim JW. Oligodontia and curly hair occur with ectodysplasin-a mutations. J Dent Res 2014; 93:371-5. [PMID: 24487376 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514522059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodontia is the developmental absence of more than 5 permanent teeth except for the third molar. Familial oligodontia can occur as an isolated form or as part of a genetic syndrome. Mutations in the MSX1, PAX9, AXIN2, EDA, and WNT10A genes have been identified in familial non-syndromic oligodontia. Ectodermal dysplasia is a group of syndromes involving abnormalities of the ectodermal structures and is comprised of more than 150 different forms. Mutations in the ectodysplasin-A (EDA) gene have been associated with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, and partial disruption of the EDA signaling pathway has been shown to cause an isolated form of oligodontia. We identified 2 X-linked oligodontia families and performed mutational analysis of the EDA gene. The mutational analysis revealed 2 novel EDA mutations: c.866G>T, p.Arg289Leu and c.1135T>G, p.Phe379Val (reference sequence NM_001399.4). These mutations were perfectly segregated with oligodontia and curly hair within each family and were not found in the 150 control X-chromosomes with the same ethnic background and in the exome variant server. This study broadens the mutational spectrum of the EDA gene and the understanding of X-linked oligodontia with curly hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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