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Blancas-Luciano BE, Zamora-Chimal J, da Silva-de Rosenzweig PG, Ramos-Mares M, Fernández-Presas AM. Macrophages immunomodulation induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis and oral antimicrobial peptides. Odontology 2023; 111:778-792. [PMID: 36897441 PMCID: PMC10492884 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen associated with periodontitis development, a chronic inflammatory pathology characterized by the destruction of the supporting teeth structure. Macrophages are recruited cells in the inflammatory infiltrate from patients with periodontitis. They are activated by the P. gingivalis virulence factors arsenal, promoting an inflammatory microenvironment characterized by cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), prostaglandins, and metalloproteinases (MMPs) that foster the tissular destruction characteristic of periodontitis. Furthermore, P. gingivalis suppresses the generation of nitric oxide, a potent antimicrobial molecule, through its degradation, and incorporating its byproducts as a source of energy. Oral antimicrobial peptides can contribute to controlling the disease due to their antimicrobial and immunoregulatory activity, which allows them to maintain homeostasis in the oral cavity. This study aimed to analyze the immunopathological role of macrophages activated by P. gingivalis in periodontitis and suggested using antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic agents to treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Esther Blancas-Luciano
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Ciudad Universitaria, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Zamora-Chimal
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México, Dr. Balmis, 148 Col. Doctores, Del. Cuauhtémoc, C.P. 06726, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Gomes da Silva-de Rosenzweig
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Mariana Ramos-Mares
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ana María Fernández-Presas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Jin S, Yang R, Hu C, Xiao S, Zuo Y, Man Y, Li Y, Li J. Plant-Derived Polyphenol and LL-37 Peptide-Modified Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Promotion of Antibacterial Activity, Anti-Inflammation, and Type-H Vascularized Bone Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:7804-7820. [PMID: 36725088 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The regeneration of oral tissues is a challenging clinical problem because of the complex microbial and biological stress environments. Electrospun fibrous scaffolds have attracted significant interest as effective barrier membranes for guided bone regeneration (GBR); however, no mature strategy yet exists for the surface modification of fibers to provide versatility to satisfy clinical requirements. This study demonstrated a practical biosafety strategy: the combined use of plant polyphenols and LL-37 peptides to modify the fiber surface to endow the fibrous scaffold with antimicrobial activity, immunoregulation, and vascularized bone regeneration. We confirmed that the LL-37 peptides interacted with tannic acid (TA) through noncovalent bonds through experiments and molecular docking simulation analysis. In vitro experiments showed that the TA coating imparted strong antibacterial properties to the fibrous scaffold, but it also caused cytotoxicity. The grafting of LL-37 peptide promoted the spreading, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and was also conducive to the M2 polarization of RAW264.7 cells. In vivo experiments further verified that the LL-37 peptide-grafted fibrous scaffold significantly enhanced angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory effects, and type-H vascularized bone regeneration. Overall, the fibrous scaffold modified by the LL-37 peptide through TA grafting has significant potential for GBR applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shue Jin
- Analytical & Testing Center, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedic, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, P. R. China
| | - Renli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, P. R. China
| | - Chen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Xiao
- Analytical & Testing Center, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedic, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zuo
- Analytical & Testing Center, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedic, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, P. R. China
| | - Yi Man
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, P. R. China
| | - Yubao Li
- Analytical & Testing Center, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedic, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, P. R. China
| | - Jidong Li
- Analytical & Testing Center, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedic, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, P. R. China
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Luong AD, Buzid A, Luong JHT. Important Roles and Potential Uses of Natural and Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) in Oral Diseases: Cavity, Periodontal Disease, and Thrush. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040175. [PMID: 36278644 PMCID: PMC9589978 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous epithelial cells and sometimes leukocytes release AMPs as their first line of defense. AMPs encompass cationic histatins, defensins, and cathelicidin to encounter oral pathogens with minimal resistance. However, their concentrations are significantly below the effective levels and AMPs are unstable under physiological conditions due to proteolysis, acid hydrolysis, and salt effects. In parallel to a search for more effective AMPs from natural sources, considerable efforts have focused on synthetic stable and low-cytotoxicy AMPs with significant activities against microorganisms. Using natural AMP templates, various attempts have been used to synthesize sAMPs with different charges, hydrophobicity, chain length, amino acid sequence, and amphipathicity. Thus far, sAMPs have been designed to target Streptococcus mutans and other common oral pathogens. Apart from sAMPs with antifungal activities against Candida albicans, future endeavors should focus on sAMPs with capabilities to promote remineralization and antibacterial adhesion. Delivery systems using nanomaterials and biomolecules are promising to stabilize, reduce cytotoxicity, and improve the antimicrobial activities of AMPs against oral pathogens. Nanostructured AMPs will soon become a viable alternative to antibiotics due to their antimicrobial mechanisms, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, low drug residue, and ease of synthesis and modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Donald Luong
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
| | - Alyah Buzid
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - John H. T. Luong
- School of Chemistry and Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, College Road, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
- Correspondence: or
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Liang J, Chen J, Ye Z, Bao D. Cathelicidin LL-37 improves bone metabolic balance in rats with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis via the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Physiol Res 2022; 71:369-377. [PMID: 35616038 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and impaired bone microarchitecture due to the abnormal activity of osteoclasts. Cathelicidins are antimicrobial peptides present in the lysosomes of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. LL-37, a cathelicidin, induces various biological effects, including modulation of the immune system, angiogenesis, wound healing, cancer growth, as well as inflammation, and bone loss. A previous study reported direct involvement of LL-37 suppressing osteoclastogenesis in humans. Here, we examined the role of LL-37 in the treatment of osteoporosis using an ovariectomy (OVX) rat model. Our results showed that LL-37 significantly reduced bone loss and pathological injury in OVX rats with osteoporosis. Furthermore, we found that LL-37 significantly increased the activity of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in OVX rats with osteoporosis, including the increased expression of beta-catenin, Osterix (Osx), and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), whereas XAV-939, an inhibitor of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, significantly blocked the effects of LL-37 on bone loss and abnormal bone metabolism. Altogether, our findings suggested that LL-37 exerted a protective role in regulating bone loss and abnormal bone metabolism in rats with osteoporosis by activating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, China; Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, China.
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Sorg H, Tilkorn DJ, Hauser J, Ring A. Improving Vascularization of Biomaterials for Skin and Bone Regeneration by Surface Modification: A Narrative Review on Experimental Research. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9070298. [PMID: 35877349 PMCID: PMC9311595 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9070298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial tissue substitutes are of great interest for the reconstruction of destroyed and non-functional skin or bone tissue due to its scarcity. Biomaterials used as scaffolds for tissue regeneration are non-vascularized synthetic tissues and often based on polymers, which need ingrowth of new blood vessels to ensure nutrition and metabolism. This review summarizes previous approaches and highlights advances in vascularization strategies after implantation of surface-modified biomaterials for skin and bone tissue regeneration. The efficient integration of biomaterial, bioactive coating with endogenous degradable matrix proteins, physiochemical modifications, or surface geometry changes represents promising approaches. The results show that the induction of angiogenesis in the implant site as well as the vascularization of biomaterials can be influenced by specific surface modifications. The neovascularization of a biomaterial can be supported by the application of pro-angiogenic substances as well as by biomimetic surface coatings and physical or chemical surface activations. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the geometric properties of the three-dimensional biomaterial matrix play a central role, as they guide or even enable the ingrowth of blood vessels into a biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Sorg
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Marien Hospital Witten, Marienplatz 2, 58452 Witten, Germany;
- Department of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58455 Witten, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Tilkorn
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus, Hellweg 100, 45276 Essen, Germany; (D.J.T.); (J.H.)
| | - Jörg Hauser
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus, Hellweg 100, 45276 Essen, Germany; (D.J.T.); (J.H.)
| | - Andrej Ring
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, St. Rochus Hospital Castrop-Rauxel, Katholische St. Lukas Gesellschaft, Glückaufstraße 10, 44575 Castrop-Rauxel, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-2305-294-2801
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Prakobkarn J, Makeudom A, Jenvoraphot T, Supanchart C, Krisanaprakornkit S, Punyodom W, Daranarong D. Biphasic nanofibrous scaffolds based on collagen and
PLC
for controlled release
LL
‐37 in guided bone regeneration. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeeranan Prakobkarn
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Anupong Makeudom
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Thannaphat Jenvoraphot
- Bioplastic Production Laboratory for Medical Application, Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Chayarop Supanchart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Winita Punyodom
- Bioplastic Production Laboratory for Medical Application, Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Donraporn Daranarong
- Bioplastic Production Laboratory for Medical Application, Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Science and Technology Research Institute Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
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Mendez-Frausto G, Uresti-Rivera EE, Godina-Gonzalez S, Portales-Perez DP, Gonzalez-Amaro R, Garcia-Hernandez MH. Expression of mBD4, mBD3 and CRAMP during type II collagen-induced arthritis/CIA and their association with inflammation and bone-remodeling markers. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 123:104689. [PMID: 34592200 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of mBD4, mBD3 and CRAMP in joint of mice with type II collagen-induced arthritis/CIA and to explore its possible association with IL-10, IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-17, MMP3, RANK/RANKL/OPG and histological parameters. METHODS CIA was induced in 44 DBA/1 J mice. The joints from mice were classified into the onset, peak and remission phase of CIA. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and safranin O. The expression of CRAMP, mBD-3, mBD-4, and MMP-3 was evaluated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. The expression of IL-10, IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-17, RANK/RANKL/OPG was analyzed by RT-PCR. RESULTS We observed that inflammation and immunostained cells for CRAMP increased in the peak and remission phases compared to the control group. In addition, increments in relative expressions of CRAMP were detected for the remission phase and in IL-4 and IL-17 in the peak phase compared to the control and onset phase. In addition, an increase in IL-10 in a peak phase compared to the control, as well as the relative expression of IFN-γ in remission phase was higher than in the onset phase. This was accompanied by an increase in cartilage damage in the peak phase compared to the control. Cells immunostained to MMP3 increased in the peak phase compared to the onset and control group, and relative expression of MMP3 was detected in the peak phase compared to the onset, remission, and control group. We observed that the relative expression of RANK and RANKL in the peak phase was higher than in control and onset phase. Finally, the relative expression of OPG in the peak phase compared to the onset, remission, and control group was detected. Regarding CRAMP behavior in the different phases studied, it was positively correlated with IL-4 and RANK, and showed a negative correlation with IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-10, RANKL, OPG and RANKL/OPG ratio in the control group. Also was positively correlated with IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-4, IL-10, as well as with RANK, RANKL, and OPG in the onset and peak phases of the CIA. In the peak phase, CRAMP showed a positive association with MMP3, and we observed a direct correlation between CRAMP and IFN-γ and RANKL/OPG ratio in remission phase. mBD3 correlates positively with IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-10, RANKL, OPG and RANKL/OPG ratio, and showed a negative correlation with CRAMP, MMP3, and RANK in the control group. Also, it was directly associated with IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-4, IL-10 and RANKL in the onset phase while it was inversely associated with CRAMP, MMP-3, RANK, RANKL, and OPG in the peak phase. Finally, mBD3 was inversely correlated with MMP3 in the remission phase and was directly associated with CRAMP, IFN-γ and RANKL/OPG ratio in this phase. mBD4 was directly associated with CRAMP, IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-4, IL-10, RANKL / OPG in the onset phase, and with CRAMP, IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-4, IL-10, MMP3, RANK, RANKL and OPG in the peak phase. Finally, mBD4 was positively associated with mBD3, IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-10, RANK, RANKL OPG and RANKL/OPG in the CIA remission phase. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that CRAMP plays an important role in CIA progress and suggest that its abundance is associated with local pro- and anti-inflammatory status. This makes us propose CRAMP as a possible contributor of bone reconstruction in the last stage of CIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mendez-Frausto
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico.; Translational and Molecular Medicine Department, Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - E E Uresti-Rivera
- Translational and Molecular Medicine Department, Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - S Godina-Gonzalez
- Academic Unit of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - D P Portales-Perez
- Translational and Molecular Medicine Department, Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - R Gonzalez-Amaro
- Translational and Molecular Medicine Department, Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - M H Garcia-Hernandez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico..
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Construction and Characterizations of Antibacterial Surfaces Based on Self-Assembled Monolayer of Antimicrobial Peptides (Pac-525) Derivatives on Gold. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11091014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Infection that is related to implanted biomaterials is a serious issue in the clinic. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been considered as an ideal alternative to traditional antibiotic drugs, for the treatment of infections, while some problems, such as aggregation and protein hydrolysis, are still the dominant concerns that compromise their antimicrobial efficiency in vivo. Methods: In this study, antimicrobial peptides underwent self-assembly on gold substrates, forming good antibacterial surfaces, with stable antibacterial behavior. The antimicrobial ability of AMPs grafted on the surfaces, with or without glycine spaces or a primer layer, was evaluated. Results: Specifically, three Pac-525 derivatives, namely, Ac-CGn-KWRRWVRWI-NH2 (n = 0, 2, or 6) were covalently grafted onto gold substrates via the self-assembling process for inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Furthermore, the alkanethiols HS(CH)10SH were firstly self-assembled into monolayers, as a primer layer (SAM-SH) for the secondary self-assembly of Pac-525 derivatives, to effectively enhance the bactericidal performance of the grafted AMPs. The -(CH)10-S-S-G6Pac derivative was highly effective against S. aureus and E. coli, and reduced the viable amount of E. coli and S. aureus to 0.4% and 33.2%, respectively, after 24 h of contact. In addition, the immobilized AMPs showed good biocompatibility, promoting bone marrow stem cell proliferation. Conclusion: the self-assembled monolayers of the Pac-525 derivatives have great potential as a novel therapeutic method for the treatment of implanted biomaterial infections.
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Comparative antler proteome of sika deer from different developmental stages. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10484. [PMID: 34006919 PMCID: PMC8131589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Antler is a special bone tissue that has the ability to regenerate completely periodically. It is the fastest growing bone in the animal kingdom. Antler provides a valuable research model for bone growth and mineralization. Antler grows longitudinally by endochondral ossification with their growth center located in its tip. Many scholars have carried out detailed studies on morphology and gene expression of antler tip. However, few scholars have analyzed the protein expression patterns of antler tip at different development stages. This study used label-free proteomics approach to analyze the protein expression dynamics of the antler tip in six developmental periods (15, 25, 45, 65, 100 and 130 days after the previous antler cast) and costal cartilage. In result, 2052 proteins were confidently quantified, including 1937 antler proteins and 1044 costal cartilage proteins. Moreover, 913 antler core proteins and 132 antler-special proteins were obtained. Besides, the stages special proteins and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in different development stages were analyzed. A total of 875 DEPs were determined by one-way AVOVA. It is found that the growth period (15, 25, 45 and 65 days) showed more up-regulated protein including several chondrogenesis-associated proteins (collagen types II, collagen types XI, HAPLN1, PAPSS1 and PAPSS2). In ossification stages, the up-regulated proteins related with lysosome (CTSD, CTSB, MMP9, CAII) indicated that the antler has higher bone remodeling activity. Given the up-regulated expression of immune-related molecules (S100A7, CATHL7, LTF, AZU1, ELANE and MPO), we speculate that the local immune system may contribute to the ossification of antler tip. In conclusion, proteomics technology was used to deeply analyze the protein expression patterns of antler at different development stages. This provides a strong support for the research on the molecular regulation mechanism of rapid growth and ossification of velvet antler.
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Buranaphatthana W, Wu S, Makeudom A, Sastraruji T, Supanchart C, Krisanaprakornkit S. Involvement of the A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 9 in oral cancer cell invasion. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12775. [PMID: 33786875 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the functional roles of the transmembrane glycoprotein, Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 9 (ADAM 9), in the phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and AKT and in the aggressiveness of oral cancer cells. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were conducted to determine expression of ADAM 9 and the levels of EGFR phosphorylated at the tyrosine 1173 residue (p-EGFRtyr1173 ) and AKT phosphorylated at the serine 473 residue (p-AKTser473 ) in oral cancer tissues and in the oral cancer cell lines HN5, HN6, HN15, and HN008. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to inhibit expression of ADAM9 mRNA, and thus production of ADAM9 protein, in oral cancer cells. ADAM9-knockdown cells were examined for p-EGFRtyr1173 and p-AKTser473 levels and used for cell proliferation and invasion assays. A positive correlation among overexpression of ADAM 9, p-EGFRtyr1173 , and p-AKTser473 was found in oral cancer tissues. These biomolecules were also overexpressed in HN6 and HN15 cell lines. Expression of ADAM9 in HN6 and HN15 cells was statistically significantly inhibited by siRNA against ADAM9 mRNA (siADAM9) compared with the negative-control siRNA (scramble). The levels of p-AKTser473 , but not those of p-EGFRtyr1173 , were statistically significantly blocked by siADAM9. Although the proliferation rates of ADAM9 knocked-down HN6 and HN15 cells did not differ from those of cells exposed to scramble, a statistically significant decrease in cell invasion was found in these ADAM9-silenced cells. These results suggest a functional role of the ADAM 9/AKT signaling pathway in oral cancer cell invasion, which may be beneficial as a therapeutic target of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worakanya Buranaphatthana
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Shuangjiang Wu
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anupong Makeudom
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thanapat Sastraruji
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chayarop Supanchart
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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11
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The use of host defense peptides in root canal therapy in rats. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:3623-3632. [PMID: 33200281 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In order to evaluate host defense peptides (HDPs) HHC-10 and synoeca-MP activity in in vitro osteoclastogenesis process and in vivo induced apical periodontitis, testing the effect of molecules in the inflammatory response and in apical periodontitis size/volume after root canal treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro osteoclastogenesis was assessed on bone marrow cell cultures extracted from mice, while in vivo endodontic treatment involved rats treated with Ca(OH)2 or HDPs. In vitro osteoclasts were subjected to TRAP staining, and in vivo samples were evaluated by radiographic and tomographic exams, as well as histologic analysis. RESULTS None of the substances downregulated the in vitro osteoclastogenesis. Nevertheless, all treatments affected the average of apical periodontitis size in rats, although only teeth treated with HDPs demonstrated lower levels of the inflammatory process. These results demonstrated the in vivo potential of HDPs. Radiographic analysis suggested that HHC-10 and synoeca-MP-treated animals presented a similar lesion size than Ca(OH)2-treated animals after 7-day of endodontic treatment. However, tomography analysis demonstrated smaller lesion volume in synoeca-MP-treated animals than HHC-10 and Ca(OH)2-treated animals, after 7 days. CONCLUSIONS These molecules demonstrated an auxiliary effect in endodontic treatment that might be related to its immunomodulatory ability, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and possible induction of tissue repair at low concentrations. These results can encourage further investigations on the specific mechanisms of action in animal models to clarify the commercial applicability of these biomolecules for endodontic treatment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE HDPs have the potential to be adjuvant substances in endodontic therapy due to its potential to reduce inflammation in apical periodontitis.
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Yang B, Good D, Mosaiab T, Liu W, Ni G, Kaur J, Liu X, Jessop C, Yang L, Fadhil R, Yi Z, Wei MQ. Significance of LL-37 on Immunomodulation and Disease Outcome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8349712. [PMID: 32509872 PMCID: PMC7246396 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8349712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
LL-37, also called cathelicidin, is an important part of the human immune system, which can resist various pathogens. A plethora of experiments have demonstrated that it has the multifunctional effects of immune regulation, in addition to antimicrobial activity. Recently, there have been increasing interest in its immune function. It was found that LL-37 can have two distinct functions in different tissues and different microenvironments. Thus, it is necessary to investigate LL-37 immune functions from the two sides of the same coin. On the one side, LL-37 promotes inflammation and immune response and exerts its anti-infective and antitumor effects; on the other side, it has the ability to inhibit inflammation and promote carcinogenesis. This review presents a brief summary of its expression, structure, and immunomodulatory effects as well as brief discussions on the role of this small peptide as a key factor in the development and treatment of various inflammation-related diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Yang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics in Universities of Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
- School of Medical Science & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia
| | - David Good
- School of Medical Science & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Qld 4014, Australia
| | - Tamim Mosaiab
- School of Medical Science & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics in Universities of Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
- School of Medical Science & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia
| | - Guoying Ni
- School of Medical Science & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Qld 4558, Australia
| | - Jasmine Kaur
- School of Medical Science & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Qld 4558, Australia
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Calvin Jessop
- School of Medical Science & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics in Universities of Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
- School of Medical Science & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia
| | - Rushdi Fadhil
- School of Medical Science & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia
| | - Zhengjun Yi
- School of Medical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics in Universities of Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Ming Q. Wei
- School of Medical Science & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia
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Pathomburi J, Nalampang S, Makeudom A, Klangjorhor J, Supanchart C, Krisanaprakornkit S. Effects of low-dose irradiation on human osteoblasts and periodontal ligament cells. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 109:104557. [PMID: 31557575 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of dental x-ray on proliferation and mineralization in human primary osteoblasts as well as on proliferation and apoptotic potential in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. DESIGN Primary osteoblasts and PDL cells were irradiated with various doses of periapical radiography by repeated exposures and further incubated for 1, 3 or 7 days. Cell proliferation was assayed by BrdU incorporation. The effect of dental x-ray on mineralization in osteoblasts either before or after x-ray exposures was determined by Alizarin red staining. Both mRNA and protein expressions of BCL-2, an anti-apoptotic gene, and BAX, a pro-apoptotic gene, in PDL cells were analyzed by RT-qPCR and immunoblotting analysis, respectively. RESULTS Neither the proliferative nor the mineralization ability of irradiated osteoblasts was different from that of non-irradiated osteoblasts at any doses or time points. By contrast, there was a significant decrease in the proliferation of PDL cells on day 3 after repeated exposures to dental x-ray for 20 times (P < 0.05), whereas the ratio of BCL-2 to BAX mRNA and protein expressions in these irradiated PDL cells was significantly increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Upon multiple exposures to dental x-ray used in intraoral radiography up to 20 times, there is no effect on the proliferation or the mineralization of osteoblasts, whereas the proliferative and apoptotic potentials of PDL cells are transiently decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarinya Pathomburi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sakarat Nalampang
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anupong Makeudom
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jeerawan Klangjorhor
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chayarop Supanchart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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14
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Pieters BCH, Cappariello A, van den Bosch MHJ, van Lent PLEM, Teti A, van de Loo FAJ. Macrophage-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Carriers of Alarmins and Their Potential Involvement in Bone Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1901. [PMID: 31440259 PMCID: PMC6694442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures, which facilitate intercellular communication. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of extracellular vesicles in bone homeostasis, as mediators of crosstalk between different bone-resident cells. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are capable of releasing various types of extracellular vesicles that promote both osteogenesis, as well as, osteoclastogenesis, maintaining bone homeostasis. However, the contribution of immune cell-derived extracellular vesicles in bone homeostasis remains largely unknown. Recent proteomic studies showed that alarmins are abundantly present in/on macrophage-derived EVs. In this review we will describe these alarmins in the context of bone matrix regulation and discuss the potential contribution macrophage-derived EVs may have in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartijn C H Pieters
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alfredo Cappariello
- Research Laboratories - Department of Oncohematology IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Peter L E M van Lent
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anna Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Fons A J van de Loo
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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15
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Antimicrobial Host Defence Peptides: Immunomodulatory Functions and Translational Prospects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1117:149-171. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3588-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Yu X, Quan J, Long W, Chen H, Wang R, Guo J, Lin X, Mai S. LL-37 inhibits LPS-induced inflammation and stimulates the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via P2X7 receptor and MAPK signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2018; 372:178-187. [PMID: 30287143 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oral diseases, such as periapical periodontitis and periodontitis, are characterized by inflammation-induced bone loss. LL-37, a human antimicrobial peptide (AMP), has multiple biological functions and the potential to promote osteogenesis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of LL-37 within normal and inflammatory microenvironments. The roles of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were also demonstrated. The results showed that LL-37 promoted bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation. LL-37 inhibited the expression of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) at both protein and gene levels, and attenuated the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inhibition of osteogenesis. Immunofluorescence (IF) confirmed P2X7R expression in BMSCs. BBG, a P2X7R antagonist, significantly attenuated LL-37-promoted osteogenesis. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) increased after LL-37 stimulation, which did not affect p38 phosphorylation. The effects of LL-37 on osteogenesis-related gene expression were markedly attenuated by selective inhibitors of ERK1/2 and JNK. Furthermore, a mouse model of LPS-stimulated calvarial osteolysis was established, and results showed that LL-37 markedly inhibited osteoclastic bone resorption. In conclusion, we speculate that LL-37 inhibits inflammation and promotes BMSC osteogenesis via P2X7R and MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Yu
- Department of Conservation Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jingjing Quan
- Department of Conservation Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weilin Long
- Department of Conservation Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Department of Conservation Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ruoxun Wang
- Department of Conservation Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- Department of Conservation Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Lin
- Department of Conservation Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Sui Mai
- Department of Conservation Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China.
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17
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Wimolsantirungsri N, Makeudom A, Louwakul P, Sastraruji T, Chailertvanitkul P, Supanchart C, Krisanaprakornkit S. Inhibitory effect of Thai propolis on human osteoclastogenesis. Dent Traumatol 2018; 34:237-244. [PMID: 29611326 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Avulsed teeth should be immediately replanted into the socket or otherwise kept in a physiologic storage medium to maintain periodontal ligament cell viability. A previous study has demonstrated that Thai propolis extract can maintain viability of human periodontal ligament cells. However, root resorption by osteoclasts often occurs when the avulsed teeth are replanted. The aim of this study was to determine the inhibitory effect of Thai propolis extract on human osteoclastogenesis in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated for osteoclast precursors and cultured in the presence or absence of various non-toxic concentrations of propolis extract, as determined by the alamarBlue® assay, during in vitro induction of osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclast formation was examined by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, actin ring formation, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The resorption pit assay was performed to determine osteoclast function. RESULTS Non-toxic concentrations of propolis extract suppressed osteoclast formation by significantly decreasing the percentages of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinuclear cells and the ratios of cells with F-actin ring formation (P < .01) in a dose-dependent fashion. Expression of several osteoclast-specific genes was significantly downregulated by propolis in a dose-dependent manner (P < .05). The percentages of resorption areas on dentin slices were significantly decreased by propolis (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Thai propolis can inhibit human osteoclast formation and function, which may be beneficial for prevention of root resorption following replantation of avulsed teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattaporn Wimolsantirungsri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anupong Makeudom
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Phumisak Louwakul
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thanapat Sastraruji
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pattama Chailertvanitkul
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chayarop Supanchart
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich C Luft
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
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19
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Park OJ, Kim J, Ahn KB, Lee JY, Park YJ, Kum KY, Yun CH, Han SH. A 15-amino acid C-terminal peptide of beta-defensin-3 inhibits bone resorption by inhibiting the osteoclast differentiation and disrupting podosome belt formation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1315-1325. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1589-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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20
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Makeudom A, Supanchart C, Montreekachon P, Khongkhunthian S, Sastraruji T, Krisanaprakornkit J, Krisanaprakornkit S. The antimicrobial peptide, human β-defensin-1, potentiates in vitro osteoclastogenesis via activation of the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Peptides 2017; 95:33-39. [PMID: 28709835 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated increased expression and raised levels of human β-defensin (hBD)-1 in gingival tissue and crevicular fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis, oral bone-resorbing diseases caused by enhanced osteoclastogenesis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of hBD-1 on osteoclast formation and function and to elucidate the involved signaling pathway in vitro. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were first incubated with various doses of hBD-1 and cell viability was assayed by MTT. PBMCs were treated with macrophage-colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) in the presence or absence of non-toxic doses of hBD-1. In vitro osteoclastogenesis was analyzed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, osteoclast-specific gene expression, and a resorption pit assay. Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was studied by immunoblotting and specific MAPK inhibitors. HBD-1 potentiated induction of in vitro osteoclastogenesis by RANKL, as shown by significantly increased number of TRAP-positive multinuclear cells and resorption areas on the dentin slices, and further up-regulated expressions of osteoclast-specific genes compared to those by RANKL treatment (p <0.05). However, hBD-1 treatment without RANKL failed to induce formation of osteoclast-like cells. A significant and further increase in transient phosphorylation of the p44/42 MAPKs was demonstrated by hBD-1 co-treatment (p<0.05), consistent with the inhibitory effect by pretreatment with U0126 or PD98059 on hBD-1-enhanced osteoclastogenesis. Collectively, hBD-1 potentiates the induction of in vitro osteoclastogenesis by RANKL via enhanced phosphorylation of the p44/42 MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupong Makeudom
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chayarop Supanchart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pattanin Montreekachon
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sakornrat Khongkhunthian
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thanapat Sastraruji
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Julaporn Krisanaprakornkit
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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21
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D'Este F, Oro D, Boix-Lemonche G, Tossi A, Skerlavaj B. Evaluation of free or anchored antimicrobial peptides as candidates for the prevention of orthopaedic device-related infections. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:777-789. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca D'Este
- Department of Medicine; University of Udine; P.le Kolbe 4 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Debora Oro
- Department of Medicine; University of Udine; P.le Kolbe 4 33100 Udine Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Tossi
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Trieste; Via Giorgieri 5 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Barbara Skerlavaj
- Department of Medicine; University of Udine; P.le Kolbe 4 33100 Udine Italy
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22
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Wang Z, Shen Y, Haapasalo M. Antibiofilm peptides against oral biofilms. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1327308. [PMID: 28748031 PMCID: PMC5508375 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1327308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is a major entry point for bacteria and other microorganisms. Oral biofilms are formed by mixed communities of microorganisms embedded in an exopolysaccharide matrix. Biofilms forming on dental hard or soft tissue are the major cause of caries and endodontic and periodontal disease. Human oral biofilms exhibit high resistance to antimicrobial agents. Antibiofilm peptides constitute a diverse class of host-defense molecules that act to combat invasion and infection with biofilms. Different in vitro and in vivo biofilm models with quantitative analysis have been established to provide predictable platforms for the evaluation of the antibiofilm effect of oral antibiofilm peptides. These peptides have engendered considerable interest in the past decades as potential alternatives to traditional disinfecting agents due to their ability to target bacterial biofilms specifically, leading to the prevention of biofilm formation and destruction of pre-existing biofilms by Gram-positive and -negative bacterial pathogens and fungi. At the same time, challenges associated with the application of these antibiofilm peptides in dental practice also exist. The production of effective, nontoxic, and stable antibiofilm peptides is desired in both academic and industrial fields. This review focuses on the antibiofilm properties of current synthetic peptides and their application in different areas of dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhejun Wang
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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23
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Mai S, Mauger MT, Niu LN, Barnes JB, Kao S, Bergeron BE, Ling JQ, Tay FR. Potential applications of antimicrobial peptides and their mimics in combating caries and pulpal infections. Acta Biomater 2017; 49:16-35. [PMID: 27845274 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short cationic host-defense molecules that provide the early stage of protection against invading microbes. They also have important modulatory roles and act as a bridge between innate and acquired immunity. The types and functions of oral AMPs were reviewed and experimental reports on the use of natural AMPs and their synthetic mimics in caries and pulpal infections were discussed. Natural AMPs in the oral cavity, predominantly defensins, cathelicidins and histatins, possess antimicrobial activities against oral pathogens and biofilms. Incomplete debridement of microorganisms in root canal space may precipitate an exacerbated immune response that results in periradicular bone resorption. Because of their immunomodulatory and wound healing potentials, AMPs stimulate pro-inflammatory cytokine production, recruit host defense cells and regulate immuno-inflammatory responses in the vicinity of the pulp and periapex. Recent rapid advances in the development of synthetic AMP mimics offer exciting opportunities for new therapeutic initiatives in root canal treatment and regenerative endodontics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Identification of new therapeutic strategies to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens and biofilm-associated infections continues to be one of the major challenges in modern medicine. Despite the presence of commercialization hurdles and scientific challenges, interests in using antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic alternatives and adjuvants to combat pathogenic biofilms have never been foreshortened. Not only do these cationic peptides possess rapid killing ability, their multi-modal mechanisms of action render them advantageous in targeting different biofilm sub-populations. These factors, together with adjunctive bioactive functions such as immunomodulation and wound healing enhancement, render AMPs or their synthetic mimics exciting candidates to be considered as adjuncts in the treatment of caries, infected pulps and root canals.
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24
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Visser R, Rico-Llanos GA, Pulkkinen H, Becerra J. Peptides for bone tissue engineering. J Control Release 2016; 244:122-135. [PMID: 27794492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular signals in the form of growth factors are the main modulators of cell behavior. However, the use of growth factors in tissue engineering has several drawbacks, including their costs, difficult production, immunogenicity and short half-life. Furthermore, many of them are pleiotropic and, since a single growth factor can have different active domains, their effect is not always fully controllable. A very interesting alternative that has recently emerged is the use of biomimetic peptides. Sequences derived from the active domains of soluble or extracellular matrix proteins can be used to functionalize the biomaterials used as scaffolds for new tissue growth to either direct the attachment of cells or to be released as soluble ligands. Since these short peptides can be easily designed and cost-effectively synthesized in vitro, their use has opened up a world of new opportunities to obtain cheaper and more effective implants for regenerative medicine strategies. In this extensive review we will go through many of the most important peptides with potential interest for bone tissue engineering, not limiting to those that only mediate cell adhesion or induce the osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells, but also focusing on those that direct angiogenesis because of its close relation with bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Visser
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, Spain; BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Junta de Andalucia, University of Malaga, Spain.
| | - Gustavo A Rico-Llanos
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, Spain; BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Junta de Andalucia, University of Malaga, Spain
| | - Hertta Pulkkinen
- BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Junta de Andalucia, University of Malaga, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jose Becerra
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, Spain; BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Junta de Andalucia, University of Malaga, Spain
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25
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Immune and regulatory functions of neutrophils in inflammatory bone loss. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:146-58. [PMID: 26936034 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although historically viewed as merely anti-microbial effectors in acute infection or injury, neutrophils are now appreciated to be functionally versatile with critical roles also in chronic inflammation. Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease that destroys the tooth-supporting gums and bone, is particularly affected by alterations in neutrophil numbers or function, as revealed by observations in monogenic disorders and relevant mouse models. Besides being a significant debilitating disease and health burden in its own right, periodontitis is thus an attractive model to dissect uncharted neutrophil-associated (patho)physiological pathways. Here, we summarize recent evidence that neutrophils can contribute to inflammatory bone loss not only through the typical bystander injury dogma but intriguingly also through their absence from the affected tissue, where they normally perform important immunomodulatory functions. Moreover, we discuss recent advances in the interactions of neutrophils with the vascular endothelium and - upon extravasation - with bacteria, and how the dysregulation of these interactions leads to inflammatory tissue damage. Overall, neutrophils have both protective and destructive roles in periodontitis, as they are involved in both the maintenance of periodontal tissue homeostasis and the induction of inflammatory bone loss. This highlights the importance of developing approaches that promote or sustain a fine balance between homeostatic immunity and inflammatory pathology.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate defense regulator peptide-1018 (IDR-1018) is a 12-amino acid, synthetic, immunomodulatory host defense peptide that can reduce soft tissue infections and is less likely to induce bacterial resistance than conventional antibiotics. However, IDRs have not been tested on orthopaedic infections and the immunomodulatory effects of IDR-1018 have only been characterized in response to lipopolysacharide, which is exclusively produced by Gram-negative bacteria. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We sought (1) to more fully characterize the immunomodulatory effects of IDR-1018, especially in response to Staphylococcus aureus; and (2) to determine whether IDR-1018 decreases S aureus infection of orthopaedic implants in mice and thereby protects the implants from failure to osseointegrate. METHODS In vitro effects of IDR-1018 on S aureus were assessed by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations in bacterial broth without and with supplementation of physiologic ion levels. In vitro effects of IDR-1018 on macrophages were determined by measuring production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and proinflammatory cytokines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In vivo effects of IDR-1018 were determined in a murine model of S aureus implant infection by quantitating bacterial burden, macrophage recruitment, MCP-1, proinflammatory cytokines, and osseointegration in nine mice per group on Day 1 postimplantation and 20 mice per group on Day 15 postimplantation. RESULTS IDR-1018 demonstrated antimicrobial activity by directly killing S aureus even in the presence of physiologic ion levels, increasing recruitment of macrophages to the site of infections by 40% (p = 0.036) and accelerating S aureus clearance in vivo (p = 0.008) with a 2.6-fold decrease in bacterial bioburden on Day 7 postimplantation. In vitro immunomodulatory activity of IDR-1018 included inducing production of MCP-1 in the absence of other inflammatory stimuli and to potently blunt excess production of proinflammatory cytokines and MCP-1 induced by lipopolysaccharide. Higher concentrations of IDR-1018 were required to blunt production of proinflammatory cytokines and MCP-1 in the presence S aureus. The largest in vivo immunomodulatory effect of IDR-1018 was to reduce tumor necrosis factor-α levels induced by S aureus by 60% (p = 0.006). Most importantly, IDR-1018 reduced S aureus-induced failures of osseointegration by threefold (p = 0.022) and increased osseointegration as measured by ultimate force (5.4-fold, p = 0.033) and average stiffness (4.3-fold, p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS IDR-1018 is potentially useful to reduce orthopaedic infections by directly killing bacteria and by recruiting macrophages to the infection site. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings make IDR-1018 an attractive candidate to explore in larger animal models to ascertain whether its effects in our in vitro and mouse experiments can be replicated in more clinically relevant settings.
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Eick S, Puklo M, Adamowicz K, Kantyka T, Hiemstra P, Stennicke H, Guentsch A, Schacher B, Eickholz P, Potempa J. Lack of cathelicidin processing in Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome patients reveals essential role of LL-37 in periodontal homeostasis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:148. [PMID: 25260376 PMCID: PMC4181722 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-014-0148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Loss-of-function point mutations in the cathepsin C gene are the underlying genetic event in patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS). PLS neutrophils lack serine protease activity essential for cathelicidin LL-37 generation from hCAP18 precursor. Aim We hypothesized that a local deficiency of LL-37 in the infected periodontium is mainly responsible for one of the clinical hallmark of PLS: severe periodontitis already in early childhood. Methods To confirm this effect, we compared the level of neutrophil-derived enzymes and antimicrobial peptides in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva from PLS, aggressive and chronic periodontitis patients. Results Although neutrophil numbers in GCF were present at the same level in all periodontitis groups, LL-37 was totally absent in GCF from PLS patients despite the large amounts of its precursor, hCAP18. The absence of LL-37 in PLS patients coincided with the deficiency of both cathepsin C and protease 3 activities. The presence of other neutrophilic anti-microbial peptides in GCF from PLS patients, such as alpha-defensins, were comparable to that found in chronic periodontitis. In PLS microbial analysis revealed a high prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans infection. Most strains were susceptible to killing by LL-37. Conclusions Collectively, these findings imply that the lack of protease 3 activation by dysfunctional cathepsin C in PLS patients leads to the deficit of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions of LL-37 in the gingiva, allowing for infection with A. actinomycetemcomitans and the development of severe periodontal disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13023-014-0148-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Lowry MB, Guo C, Borregaard N, Gombart AF. Regulation of the human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in primary immune cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 143:183-91. [PMID: 24565560 PMCID: PMC4127358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Production of the human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene (hCAP18/LL-37), is regulated by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) and is critical in the killing of pathogens by innate immune cells. In addition, secreted LL-37 binds extracellular receptors and modulates the recruitment and activity of both innate and adaptive immune cells. Evidence suggests that during infections activated immune cells locally produce increased levels of 1,25D3 thus increasing production of hCAP18/LL-37. The relative expression levels of hCAP18/LL-37 among different immune cell types are not well characterized. The aim of this study was to determine the relative levels of hCAP18/LL-37 in human peripheral blood immune cells and determine to what extent 1,25D3 increased its expression in peripheral blood-derived cells. We show for the first time, a hierarchy of expression of hCAP18 in freshly isolated cells with low levels in lymphocytes, intermediate levels in monocytes and the highest levels found in neutrophils. In peripheral blood-derived cells, the highest levels of hCAP18 following treatment with 1,25D3 were in macrophages, while comparatively lower levels were found in GM-CSF-derived dendritic cells and osteoclasts. We also tested whether treatment with parathyroid hormone in combination with 1,25D3 would enhance hCAP18 induction as has been reported in skin cells, but we did not find enhancement in any immune cells tested. Our results indicate that hCAP18 is expressed at different levels according to cell type and lineage. Furthermore, potent induction of hCAP18 by 1,25D3 in macrophages and dendritic cells may modulate functions of both innate and adaptive immune cells at sites of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm B Lowry
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Chunxiao Guo
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Niels Borregaard
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet-4042, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-1200, Denmark
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Roles of cathelicidins in inflammation and bone loss. Odontology 2014; 102:137-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-014-0167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Horibe K, Nakamichi Y, Uehara S, Nakamura M, Koide M, Kobayashi Y, Takahashi N, Udagawa N. Roles of cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide in murine osteoclastogenesis. Immunology 2013; 140:344-51. [PMID: 23826736 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) not only kills bacteria but also binds to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to neutralize its activity. CRAMP is highly expressed in bone marrow and its expression is reported to be up-regulated by inflammatory and infectious stimuli. Here, we examined the role of CRAMP in murine osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclasts were formed in co-cultures of osteoblasts and bone marrow cells in response to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2 D3 ], prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands such as LPS and flagellin through the induction of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) expression in osteoblasts. CRAMP inhibited the osteoclastogenesis in co-cultures treated with LPS and flagellin, but not in those treated with 1α,25(OH)2 D3 or PGE2 . Although bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) highly expressed formyl peptide receptor 2 (a receptor of CRAMP), CRAMP showed no inhibitory effect on osteoclastogenesis in BMM cultures treated with RANKL. CRAMP suppressed both LPS- and flagellin-induced RANKL expression in osteoblasts and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in BMMs, suggesting that CRAMP neutralizes the actions of LPS and flagellin. LPS and flagellin enhanced the expression of CRAMP mRNA in osteoblasts. Extracellularly added CRAMP suppressed LPS- and flagellin-induced CRAMP expression. These results suggest that the production of CRAMP promoted by LPS and flagellin is inhibited by CRAMP released by osteoblasts through a feedback regulation. Even though CRAMP itself has no effect on osteoclastogenesis in mice, we propose that CRAMP is an osteoblast-derived protector in bacterial infection-induced osteoclastic bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Horibe
- Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
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Chotjumlong P, Bolscher JG, Nazmi K, Reutrakul V, Supanchart C, Buranaphatthana W, Krisanaprakornkit S. Involvement of the P2X7 purinergic receptor and c-Jun N-terminal and extracellular signal-regulated kinases in cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2 induction by LL-37. J Innate Immun 2012; 5:72-83. [PMID: 23095809 DOI: 10.1159/000342928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is caused by microorganisms and host-derived inflammation involving increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production. We previously demonstrated that human β-defensin-3 induces COX-2 and PGE(2) in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). We, therefore, aimed to examine the inducible effects of LL-37, the only cathelicidin expressed in humans, on COX-2 expression and PGE(2) synthesis in HGFs and to elucidate the relevant signaling pathways. The COX-2 expression was upregulated by LL-37 in dose- and time-dependent manners. Accordingly, the synthesis of PGE(2) in cell-free culture supernatants was raised by LL-37 (p < 0.01) and blocked by NS-398, a specific COX-2 inhibitor (p < 0.01). P2X inhibitors and a neutralizing antibody against P2X(7) purinergic receptor significantly abrogated COX-2 induction and PGE(2) production by LL-37 (p < 0.01). LL-37 upregulated COX-2 expression and PGE(2) synthesis via activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p46 c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), while interleukin-1β did so via nuclear factor-ĸB and all three mitogen-activated protein kinases. In summary, LL-37 can control arachidonic acid metabolism by induction of COX-2 expression and PGE(2) synthesis via the P2X(7) receptor, ERK, and p46 JNK. The pro-inflammatory effects of LL-37 may be essential for initiating oral mucosal inflammation in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pareena Chotjumlong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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