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Chen H, Lin L, Chen J, Huang F. Prevalence of Malocclusion Traits in Primary Dentition, 2010-2024: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1321. [PMID: 38998856 PMCID: PMC11241413 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12131321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The present review was aimed to describe the prevalence and the regional distribution of malocclusion among preschool children worldwide. Two independent reviewers performed a systematic literature search to identify English publications from January 2010 to May 2024 using PubMed, ISI Web of Science and Embase. Search MeSH key words were "malocclusion", "primary dentition" and "child, preschool". The reporting quality was assessed by the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. We identified 2599 publications and recruited 47 articles. Fourteen of the included studies were conducted in Asia, four in Europe, twenty-eight in South America and one in Africa. The prevalence of malocclusion ranged from 28.4% to 83.9%, and half of the reported prevalences were higher than 50%. The highest percentage was in Asia (61.81%), followed by Europe (61.50%), South America (52.69%) and Africa (32.50%). Statistically significant differences existed in deep overbite, anterior open bite, posterior crossbite, edge-to-edge incisor relationship and distal step between continents (p < 0.05). Europe showed the highest prevalence (33.08%) of deep overbite. Africa showed the highest prevalence (18.60%) of anterior open bite. Europe showed the highest prevalence (15.38%) of posterior crossbite. The most common malocclusion traits were increased overjet and deep overbite. To conclude, malocclusion remained prevalent in the primary dentition and varied between countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyi Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lude Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jieyi Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Cars BS, Kessler C, Hoffman EA, Côté SD, Koelsch D, Shafer ABA. Island demographics and trait associations in white-tailed deer. Heredity (Edinb) 2024; 133:1-10. [PMID: 38802598 PMCID: PMC11222433 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-024-00685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
When a population is isolated and composed of few individuals, genetic drift is the paramount evolutionary force and results in the loss of genetic diversity. Inbreeding might also occur, resulting in genomic regions that are identical by descent, manifesting as runs of homozygosity (ROHs) and the expression of recessive traits. Likewise, the genes underlying traits of interest can be revealed by comparing fixed SNPs and divergent haplotypes between affected and unaffected individuals. Populations of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (SPM, France) have high incidences of leucism and malocclusions, both considered genetic defects; on the Florida Keys islands (USA) deer exhibit smaller body sizes, a polygenic trait. Here we aimed to reconstruct island demography and identify the genes associated with these traits in a pseudo case-control design. The two island populations showed reduced levels of genomic diversity and a build-up of deleterious mutations compared to mainland deer; there was also significant genome-wide divergence in Key deer. Key deer showed higher inbreeding levels, but not longer ROHs, consistent with long-term isolation. We identified multiple trait-related genes in ROHs including LAMTOR2 which has links to pigmentation changes, and NPVF which is linked to craniofacial abnormalities. Our mixed approach of linking ROHs, fixed SNPs and haplotypes matched a high number (~50) of a-priori body size candidate genes in Key deer. This suite of biomarkers and candidate genes should prove useful for population monitoring, noting all three phenotypes show patterns consistent with a complex trait and non-Mendelian inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooklyn S Cars
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada
- Department of Forensics, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Camille Kessler
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, 4000, Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Steeve D Côté
- Département de Biologie and Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Daniel Koelsch
- Fédération des chasseurs de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, France
- Direction des Territoires de l'Alimentation et de la Mer, service Biodiversité, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, France
| | - Aaron B A Shafer
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada.
- Department of Forensics, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada.
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Zhou X, Zhang C, Yao S, Fan L, Ma L, Pan Y. Genetic architecture of non-syndromic skeletal class III malocclusion. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2423-2437. [PMID: 36350305 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-syndromic skeletal Class III malocclusion is a major craniofacial disorder characterized by genetic and environmental factors. Patients with severe skeletal Class III malocclusion require orthognathic surgery to obtain aesthetic facial appearance and functional occlusion. Recent studies have demonstrated that susceptible chromosomal regions and genetic variants of candidate genes play important roles in the etiology of skeletal Class III malocclusion. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of our current understanding of the genetic factors that affect non-syndromic skeletal Class III malocclusion, including the patterns of inheritance and multiple genetic approaches. We then summarize the functional studies on related loci and genes using cell biology and animal models, which will help to implement individualized therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyue Yao
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Liwen Fan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongchu Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Kalmari A, Hosseinzadeh Colagar A, Heydari M, Arash V. Missense polymorphisms potentially involved in mandibular prognathism. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:453-460. [PMID: 37228872 PMCID: PMC10203774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The current study aimed to identify and analyze missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that can potentially cause mandibular prognathism. Methods After reviewing the articles, 56 genes associated with mandibular prognathism were identified and their missense SNPs were retrieved from the NCBI website. Several web-based tools including CADD, PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, SNAP2, PANTHER, FATHMM, and PON-P2 were used to filter out harmful SNPs. Additionally, ConSurf determined the level of evolutionary conservation at positions where SNPs occur. I-Mutant2 and MUpro predicted the effect of SNPs on protein stability. Furthermore, to investigate the structural and functional changes of proteins, HOPE and LOMETS tools were utilized. Results Based on predictions in at least four web-based tools, the results indicated that PLXNA2-rs4844658, DUSP6-rs2279574, and FBN3-rs33967815 are harmful. These SNPs are located at positions with variable or average conservation and have the potential to reduce the stability of their respective proteins. Moreover, they may impair protein activity by causing structural and functional changes. Conclusions In this study, we identified PLXNA2-rs4844658, DUSP6-rs2279574, and FBN3-rs33967815 as potential risk factors for mandibular prognathism using several web-based tools. According to the possible roles of PLXNA2, DUSP6, and FBN3 proteins in ossification pathways, we recommend that these SNPs be investigated further in experimental research. Through such studies, we hope to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in mandible formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Kalmari
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, PC:47416-95447, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Abasalt Hosseinzadeh Colagar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, PC:47416-95447, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Mohammadkazem Heydari
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, PC:47416-95447, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Valiollah Arash
- Department of Orthodontics, School of dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, PC: 47176-47745, Mazandaran, Iran
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Zohud O, Lone IM, Midlej K, Obaida A, Masarwa S, Schröder A, Küchler EC, Nashef A, Kassem F, Reiser V, Chaushu G, Mott R, Krohn S, Kirschneck C, Proff P, Watted N, Iraqi FA. Towards Genetic Dissection of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion: A Review of Genetic Variations Underlying the Phenotype in Humans and Future Directions. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093212. [PMID: 37176653 PMCID: PMC10179046 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skeletal abnormalities and malocclusions have varied features that impact populations globally, impairing aesthetics and lowering life quality. The prevalence of the Skeletal Class III disease is the lowest among all angle malocclusions, with varied prevalence across nations. Environmental, genetic, and societal factors play a role in its numerous etiologies. In this study, we conducted a thorough search across the published data relating to quantitative trait loci (QTL) and the genes associated with Class III progression in humans, discussed these findings and their limitations, and proposed future directions and strategies for studying this phenotype. METHODS An inclusive search of published papers in the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines using the following terms: 1. Human skeletal Class III; 2. Genetics of Human skeletal Class III; 3. QTL mapping and gene associated with human skeletal Class III; 4. enriched skeletal Class-III-malocclusion-associated pathways. RESULTS Our search has found 53 genes linked with skeletal Class III malocclusion reported in humans, genes associated with epigenetics and phenomena, and the top 20 enriched pathways associated with skeletal Class III malocclusion. CONCLUSIONS The human investigations yielded some contentious conclusions. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS), an epigenetics-wide association study (EWAS), RNA-seq analysis, integrating GWAS and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), micro- and small-RNA, and long non-coding RNA analysis in tissues connected to skeletal Class III malocclusion phenotype in tissues connected with the skeletal phenotype. Finally, we invite regional, national, and international orthodontists and surgeons to join this effort by contributing human samples with skeletal Class III malocclusion following the accepted Helsinki ethical protocol to challenge these phenomena jointly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osayd Zohud
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Iqbal M Lone
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Kareem Midlej
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Awadi Obaida
- Center for Dentistry Research and Aesthetics, Jatt 4491800, Israel
| | - Samir Masarwa
- Center for Dentistry Research and Aesthetics, Jatt 4491800, Israel
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Erika C Küchler
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Aysar Nashef
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Tabaria 1520800, Israel
| | - Firas Kassem
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 4428164, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Vadim Reiser
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva 4941492, Israel
| | - Gavriel Chaushu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva 4941492, Israel
- School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Richard Mott
- Department of Genetics, University College of London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Sebastian Krohn
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nezar Watted
- Center for Dentistry Research and Aesthetics, Jatt 4491800, Israel
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Arab America University, Jenin 34567, Palestine
- Gathering for Prosperity Initiative, Jatt 4491800, Israel
| | - Fuad A Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
- Gathering for Prosperity Initiative, Jatt 4491800, Israel
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El Chekie MR, Nemer G, Khalil A, Macari AT, Ghafari JG. Novel genes linked to Class II Division 1 malocclusion with mandibular micrognathism. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 163:667-676.e3. [PMID: 36581475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mandibular micrognathism (MM) is an underdeveloped mandible resulting from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Prior research focused mainly on the genetic determinants of mandibular retrognathism, not necessarily reflecting micrognathism, thus supporting the need to study MM. This study aimed to explore the inheritance pattern and identify the candidate genes involved in the development and familial transmission of MM. METHODS Diagnosing probands with MM was based on clinical and lateral cephalometric data. The pedigrees were drawn for 11 identified families, 5 of whom accepted to undergo detailed data and biospecimen collection. These families included 15 MM and 13 non-MM subjects over 2-3 generations. The procedure involved the withdrawal of 5 mL of blood. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood cells to investigate protein-coding regions via whole exome sequencing. Standardized filtering steps were employed, and candidate genes were identified. RESULTS Most of the pedigrees suggested a Mendelian inheritance pattern and segregated in an autosomal-dominant manner. One of the families, which also underwent biospecimen, displayed an X-linked inheritance pattern of the trait. Genetic screening disclosed 8 potentially novel genes (GLUD2, ADGRG4, ARSH, TGIF1, FGFR3, ZNF181, INTS7, and WNT6). None of the recognized exonic regions were previously reported. CONCLUSIONS Eight novel genes were identified in association with MM in the largest number of families reported to date. The genes were X-linked in 1 family, a finding previously not observed in mandibular genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R El Chekie
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Nemer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Athar Khalil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Anthony T Macari
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Joseph G Ghafari
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Penn
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Milosevic O, Nikolic N, Carkic J, Juloski J, Vucic L, Glisic B, Milasin J. Single nucleotide polymorphisms MYO1H 1001 C>T SNP (rs3825393) is a strong risk factor for mandibular prognathism. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 162:e246-e251. [PMID: 35977859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mandibular prognathism (MP) is a common craniofacial disorder of Class III malocclusion that causes esthetic and functional problems. Class III malocclusion diversity is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in craniofacial morphogenesis, bone and cartilage development, and metabolism, could play a role as predisposing factors. The present study aimed to establish a potential association between MATN1 -1878 A>G (rs1149048), MYO1H 1001 C>T (rs3825393), and BMP-4 538 A>G (rs17563) SNPs and MP in Serbian population. METHODS The study included 110 participants: 55 patients with Class III malocclusion diagnosed with MP and 55 with Class I malocclusion. The 3 SNPs were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS The genotype frequency of MYO1H showed a highly significant difference between patients and controls. Heterozygous carriers of the T allele had an almost 3-fold increase in odds for the development of MP (odds ratio, 2.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-6.19; P = 0.010). No association could be established between MATN1 and BMP-4 polymorphisms and MP. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the concept of gene polymorphisms as risk modulators in mandibular prognathism development, although only the association between MYO1H and MP was found in Serbian patients with Class III malocclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Milosevic
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadja Nikolic
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Carkic
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Juloski
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Vucic
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Glisic
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milasin
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Kalmari A, Arash V, Colagar AH. Influence of COL2A1-G1405S polymorphism on mandibular skeletal malocclusions: A genetic association study and in silico analysis. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 142:105500. [PMID: 35810711 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to assess the association between collagen type II alpha 1 chain (COL2A1) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP: rs2070739; C>T; G1405S) and mandibular skeletal malocclusions in the population of Mazandaran (North Iran). DESIGN During 13 months, 102 control samples, 81 samples with skeletal Class III malocclusion contributed by mandibular prognathism and 82 samples with skeletal Class II malocclusion contributed by mandibular retrognathism were screened. Cephalometric analysis was performed to determine the type of abnormalities. COL2A1-G1405S genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The HOPE tool was used to investigate the effect of COL2A1-G1405S on the three-dimensional structure of protein. RESULTS Results showed that there is no significant correlation between genotypes and alleles related to COL2A1-G1405S and mandibular prognathism (CT genotype: p-value= 0.210; T allele: p-value= 0.222). On the other hand, an association was observed between COL2A1-G1405S and mandibular retrognathism (CT genotype: p-value= 0.008; T allele: p-value= 0.011). The outputs of the HOPE tool also showed that COL2A1-G1405S can disrupt the NC1 domain of the protein. CONCLUSIONS Here, we provide evidence that COL2A1-G1405S polymorphism may have positive correlation with the risk of skeletal Class II malocclusion contributed by mandibular retrognathism in the population of Mazandaran. Given that the COL2A1-G1405S occurs in NC1 domain, it is possible that this domain plays an important role in signaling pathways related to ossification. So, we suggest that the study of COL2A1 SNPs can help researchers understand the significant role of this collagen in mandibular skeletal malocclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Kalmari
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar PC:47416-95447, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Valiollah Arash
- Department of Orthodontics, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol PC: 47176-47745, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Abasalt Hosseinzadeh Colagar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar PC:47416-95447, Mazandaran, Iran.
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Oeschger ES, Kanavakis G, Cocos A, Halazonetis DJ, Gkantidis N. Number of Teeth Is Related to Craniofacial Morphology in Humans. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040544. [PMID: 35453743 PMCID: PMC9029740 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In modern humans, congenital absence of one or more permanent teeth has a prevalence of 22.6% when considering the third molars and of 6.4% when not. Its high prevalence, in conjunction with evolutionary findings pinpointing to a steady reduction in teeth number, raises the question whether the congenital absence of teeth in modern humans is an evolutionary trend rather than an anomaly. Previous studies have shown that modern humans with less teeth also have smaller faces; however, the association between teeth number and craniofacial morphology remains unclear. Here, we show that less teeth are associated with a flatter profile and a decreased facial height. These findings support the claim of a broader relationship between number of teeth and overall craniofacial development and have evolutionary implications, since face reduction comprises also an evolutionary trend in humans. Abstract One of the most common dental anomalies in humans is the congenital absence of teeth, referred to as tooth agenesis. The association of tooth agenesis to craniofacial morphology has been previously investigated but remains unclear. We investigated this association by applying geometric morphometric methods in a large sample of modern humans. In line with previous studies, we report here that a reduced teeth number is linked to a less convex profile, as well as to a shorter face. The effects were similar for males and females; they increased as the severity of the tooth agenesis increased and remained unaltered by the inclusion of third molars and of allometry in the analysis. Furthermore, in cases with tooth agenesis only in the maxilla, there was no detectable effect in mandibular shape, whereas maxillary shape was affected independently of the location of missing teeth. The robustness of the present sample along with the shape analysis and the statistical approach applied, allowed for thorough testing of various contributing factors regarding the presence but also the magnitude of effects. The present findings suggest a relationship between number of teeth and overall craniofacial development and have evolutionary implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias S. Oeschger
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Georgios Kanavakis
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB—University School of Dental Medicine, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland;
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Alina Cocos
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.C.); (D.J.H.)
| | - Demetrios J. Halazonetis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.C.); (D.J.H.)
| | - Nikolaos Gkantidis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Correspondence:
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Jaruga A, Ksiazkiewicz J, Kuzniarz K, Tylzanowski P. Orofacial Cleft and Mandibular Prognathism-Human Genetics and Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020953. [PMID: 35055138 PMCID: PMC8779325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many complex molecular interactions are involved in the process of craniofacial development. Consequently, the network is sensitive to genetic mutations that may result in congenital malformations of varying severity. The most common birth anomalies within the head and neck are orofacial clefts (OFCs) and prognathism. Orofacial clefts are disorders with a range of phenotypes such as the cleft of the lip with or without cleft palate and isolated form of cleft palate with unilateral and bilateral variations. They may occur as an isolated abnormality (nonsyndromic-NSCLP) or coexist with syndromic disorders. Another cause of malformations, prognathism or skeletal class III malocclusion, is characterized by the disproportionate overgrowth of the mandible with or without the hypoplasia of maxilla. Both syndromes may be caused by the presence of environmental factors, but the majority of them are hereditary. Several mutations are linked to those phenotypes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the genetics of those phenotypes and describe genotype-phenotype correlations. We then present the animal models used to study these defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jaruga
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Jakub Ksiazkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.); (J.K.)
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Krystian Kuzniarz
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Przemko Tylzanowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.); (J.K.)
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Atteeri A, Neela PK, Mamillapalli PK, Sesham VM, Keesara S, Chandra J, Monica U, Mohan V, Miryala S, Khan FA, Makthal P. Analysis of MYO1H Gene Polymorphism in Skeletal Class-III Malocclusion Due to Mandibular Prognathism. Glob Med Genet 2021; 8:156-161. [PMID: 34877573 PMCID: PMC8635817 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Mandibular prognathism (MP) is a craniofacial deformity resulting from the combined effects of environmental and genetic factors. Although various linkage and genome-wide association studies for mandibular prognathism have identified multiple strongly associated regions and genes, the causal genes and variants responsible for the deformity remained ambiguous.
Aim
This research work was aimed to study the association between polymorphism rs10850110 of the
MYO1H
gene and skeletal class-III malocclusion in our local population.
Materials and Methods
Thirty patients with skeletal class III due to mandibular prognathism in the study group and 30 patients with skeletal class I in the control group were selected for this study. These patients were from both sexes and above age 10 years. Based on the cephalometric values, patients were categorized into study and control groups. SNB (angle between sella, nasion and point B at nasion) greater than 82 degrees with an ANB (angle between point A, nasion and point B at nasion) of less than 0 degrees in the study group and ANB (angle between point A, nasion and point B at nasion) of 2 to 4 degrees in the control group were categorized. The polymorphism (rs10850110) of the
MYO1H
gene was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Associations were tested with SNP exact test using SNPstats software.
Results
The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs10850110 showed a statistically significant association with mandibular prognathism. The G allele of marker rs10850110 (5′ of myosin1H
- MYO1H
) was overrepresented when compared with the “A” allele in mandibular prognathism cases (
p
< 0.0001), and this was very significant.
Conclusion
These results suggest that the rs10850110 polymorphism of the
MYO1H
gene is associated with an increased risk for mandibular prognathism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Atteeri
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Neela
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Mamillapalli
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India
| | - Vasu M Sesham
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India
| | - Sreekanth Keesara
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India
| | - Jaya Chandra
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India
| | - Udayini Monica
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India
| | - Vasavi Mohan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Vasavi Medical and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shubhangi Miryala
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Vasavi Medical and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Fatema A Khan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Vasavi Medical and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Priyanka Makthal
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Vasavi Medical and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Park HJ, Ahn SJ, Jang J, Kim SJ, Park YG, Kim KA. Genetic effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms in growth hormone receptor gene on the risk of non-syndromic mandibular prognathism in the Korean population. Orthod Craniofac Res 2021; 25:437-446. [PMID: 34863024 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene with mandibular prognathism (MP) and relationships between mandibular morphology and GHR gene SNPs in the Korean population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 325 subjects were divided into two groups based on sagittal maxillomandibular relationship by the lateral cephalography: the MP and control groups. From the SNPs in the GHR gene, three SNPs (rs6180, rs6182 and rs6184) were selected. SNP genotyping was performed using direct sequencing. The craniofacial measurements of lateral cephalography were analysed. RESULTS We found a lack of association between GHR and MP. However, in the analysis according to the values of cephalometric measurements, rs6180 was significantly associated with ANB, SNB, effective mandibular length and SNMP in females. Additionally, rs6182 and rs6184 were significantly associated with ramal height in males. CONCLUSION Growth hormone receptor SNPs may affect not only the sagittal development of mandible but also the vertical development of ramal height, and GHR SNPs may gender-differently influence mandibular morphology. This finding supports that the GHR might be susceptible on mandibular morphogenesis in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jeong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Jea Ahn
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinung Jang
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Guk Park
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Genes and Pathways Associated with Skeletal Sagittal Malocclusions: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313037. [PMID: 34884839 PMCID: PMC8657482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal class II and III malocclusions are craniofacial disorders that negatively impact people’s quality of life worldwide. Unfortunately, the growth patterns of skeletal malocclusions and their clinical correction prognoses are difficult to predict largely due to lack of knowledge of their precise etiology. Inspired by the strong inheritance pattern of a specific type of skeletal malocclusion, previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were reanalyzed, resulting in the identification of 19 skeletal class II malocclusion-associated and 53 skeletal class III malocclusion-associated genes. Functional enrichment of these genes created a signal pathway atlas in which most of the genes were associated with bone and cartilage growth and development, as expected, while some were characterized by functions related to skeletal muscle maturation and construction. Interestingly, several genes and enriched pathways are involved in both skeletal class II and III malocclusions, indicating the key regulatory effects of these genes and pathways in craniofacial development. There is no doubt that further investigation is necessary to validate these recognized genes’ and pathways’ specific function(s) related to maxillary and mandibular development. In summary, this systematic review provides initial insight on developing novel gene-based treatment strategies for skeletal malocclusions and paves the path for precision medicine where dental care providers can make an accurate prediction of the craniofacial growth of an individual patient based on his/her genetic profile.
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Han X, Xiong X, Shi X, Chen F, Li Y. Targeted sequencing of NOTCH signaling pathway genes and association analysis of variants correlated with mandibular prognathism. Head Face Med 2021; 17:17. [PMID: 34039391 PMCID: PMC8152080 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-021-00268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to systematically identify variants in NOTCH signaling pathway genes that correlate with mandibular prognathism (MP) in the general Chinese population. Methods Targeted sequencing of NOTCH signaling pathway genes was conducted in 199 MP individuals and 197 class I malocclusion control individuals. The associations of common and rare variants with MP, cephalometric parameters, and continuous cephalometric phenotypes were analyzed by principal component (PC) analysis. The associations between rare variants and MP were tested for each gene. Results Six SNPs, including rs415929, rs520688, and rs423023 in an exonic region of NOTCH4; rs1044006 in an exonic region of NOTCH3; rs1051415 in an exonic region of JAG1; and rs75236173 in the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of NUMB were associated with MP (P < 0.05). One common variant, rs1051415, in an exonic region of JAG1 was significantly related to PC1 (P = 3.608 × 10− 4), which explained 24.3% of the overall phenotypic variation observed and corresponded to the sagittal mandibular position towards the maxilla, ranging from a posterior positioned mandible to an anterior positioned mandible. Additionally, 41 other variants were associated with PC1–5 (P < 0.05). With respect to rare variant analysis, variants within the EP300, NCOR2, and PSEN2 gene showed an association with MP (t < 0 .05). Conclusions An association between NOTCH signaling pathway genes and MP has been identified. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13005-021-00268-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhuo Han
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Road, 399, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xueyan Xiong
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Shi
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fengshan Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Road, 399, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Yongming Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Road, 399, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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Yamaguchi T, Kim YI, Mohamed A, Hikita Y, Takahashi M, Haga S, Park SB, Maki K. Methods in Genetic Analysis for Evaluation Mandibular Shape and Size Variations in Human Mandible. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 33:e97-e101. [PMID: 33867516 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000007686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The human mandible has been investigated from both clinical and evolutionary perspectives. Recent advances in genome science have identified the genetic regulation of human mandibular shape and size. Identification of genes that regulate mandibular shape and size would not only enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of mandibular growth and development but also help define a strategy to prevent mandibular dysplasia. This review provides a comprehensive summary of why and how the mandible was evaluated in the human mandible genome study. The variation in human mandibular shape and size has been progressively clarified, not only by focusing on the mandible alone but also by using extremely diverse approaches. The methods of data acquisition for evaluating human mandibular shape and size variation are well established. Furthermore, this review explains how to proceed with future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsutaro Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, Japan Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan Department of Orthodontics, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Neela PK, Atteeri A, Mamillapalli PK, Sesham VM, Keesara S, Chandra J, Monica U, Mohan V. Genetics of Dentofacial and Orthodontic Abnormalities. Glob Med Genet 2021; 7:95-100. [PMID: 33693441 PMCID: PMC7938796 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of craniofacial complex and dental structures is a complex and delicate process guided by specific genetic mechanisms. Genetic and environmental factors can influence the execution of these mechanisms and result in abnormalities. An insight into the mechanisms and genes involved in the development of orofacial and dental structures has gradually gained by pedigree analysis of families and twin studies as well as experimental studies on vertebrate models. The development of novel treatment techniques depends on in-depth knowledge of the various molecular or cellular processes and genes involved in the development of the orofacial complex. This review article focuses on the role of genes in the development of nonsyndromic orofacial, dentofacial variations, malocclusions, excluding cleft lip palate, and the advancements in the field of molecular genetics and its application to obtain better treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Neela
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, India
| | - Anjana Atteeri
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, India
| | | | - Vasu Murthy Sesham
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, India
| | - Sreekanth Keesara
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, India
| | - Jaya Chandra
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, India
| | - Udayini Monica
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, India
| | - Vasavi Mohan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Vasavi Medical and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Laviana A, Thahar B, Melani A, Mardiati E, Putri L, Zakyah AD. Role of matrilin-1 (MATN1) polymorphism in class III skeletal malocclusion with mandibular prognathism in Deutero-Malay race: a case-control study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Several studies have identified different genes that control the final dimension and structure of the mandible. Prognathism of the mandible is thought to correlate with these genes; however, no specific gene has been assigned as a risk factor due to various genome-wide scan results in different races. Previous studies that involved the Han ethnic group in China and Korea suggested matrilin-1 (MATN1) polymorphism as the contributor for mandibular prognathism. To date, no study has been conducted to understand the role of MATN1 in Deutero-Malay population. This study aimed to detect MATN1 gene polymorphism in the promoter and exon 5 regions, which is a proposed risk factor in class III skeletal malocclusion with mandibular prognathism in Deutero-Malay population. This was a case-control study with purposive sampling method that involved 47 class III skeletal malocclusion subjects with mandibular prognathism (case group) and 47 class I skeletal relation subjects (control group) performed in the Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia. DNA isolated from buccal mucous epithelia and MATN1 gene was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing technique. Data were then analyzed statistically to observe the frequency of allele/genotype MATN1 in class III skeletal malocclusion and mandibular prognathism patients in comparison with the normal mandibular as well as to identify the risk factor of mandibular prognathism.
Result
The frequency of the 354 T > C(rs20566) CC genotype gene polymorphism in the case group was significantly higher than in the control group. The odd ratio (OR) value of the case group was also higher than in the control group (χ2 = 4.89; p = 0.027; OR = 6.27).
Conclusions
Our results show that the polymorphism of 354 T > C in the exon 5 region of the CC genotype MATN1 gene is a risk factor for class III skeletal malocclusion with mandible prognathism in Deutero-Malay population.
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Genetic factors contributing to skeletal class III malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:1587-1612. [PMID: 33550467 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present systematic review aims to report and critically assess the findings of the available scientific evidence from genetic association studies examining the genetic variants underlying skeletal class III malocclusion and its sub-phenotypes. MATERIAL AND METHODS A pre-piloted protocol was registered and followed. The PubMed, Scopus, WOS, Cochrane Library, Gray Open literature, and CADTH databases were explored for genetic association studies following PICOS-based selection criteria. The research was reported in accordance with PRISMA statement and HuGE guidelines. The Q-genie tool was applied to assess the quality of genetic studies. Meta-analysis of genetic association studies was done by means of Meta-Genyo tool. RESULTS A total of 8258 articles were retrieved, of which 22 were selected for in-depth analysis. Most of the studies did not differentiate between sub-phenotypes, and the cohorts were heterogeneous regarding ethnicity. Four to five principal components of class III malocclusion explained the phenotypic variation, and gene variants at MYO1H(rs10850110), BMP3(rs1390319), GHR (rs2973015,rs6184, rs2973015), FGF7(rs372127537), FGF10(rs593307), and SNAI3(rs4287555) (p < .05) explained most of the variation across the studies, associated to vertical, horizontal, or combined skeletal discrepancies. Meta-analysis results identified a statistically significant association between risk of class III malocclusion of A allele of the FBN3 rs7351083 [OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.1-4.1; p 0.02; recessive model]. CONCLUSION Skeletal class III is a polygenic trait substantially modulated by ethnicity. A multicentric approach should be considered in future studies to increase sample sizes, applying multivariate analysis such as PCA and cluster analysis to characterize existing sub-phenotypes warranting a deeper analysis of genetic variants contributing to skeletal class III craniofacial disharmony. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Grasping the underlying mechanisms of this pathology is critical for a fuller understanding of its etiology, allowing generation of preventive strategies, new individualized therapeutic approaches and more accurate treatment planification strategies.
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Huang W, Shan B, Ang BS, Ko J, Bloomstein RD, Cangialosi TJ. Review of Etiology of Posterior Open Bite: Is There a Possible Genetic Cause? Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2020; 12:233-240. [PMID: 32612395 PMCID: PMC7323810 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s231670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Posterior open bite (POB) is one of the most severe malocclusions that can impair patients' masticatory functions, yet it is also a condition that is poorly understood and not well studied. Most reported cases are either sporadic or idiosyncratic with a diverse yet poorly understood etiology. Although primary failure of eruption (PFE), lateral tongue thrust, and certain medical syndromes or pathology of the temporomandibular joints have all been shown to cause POB, the complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors makes its etiopathogenesis a difficult subject to understand and investigate. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the etiology of posterior open bite. Additionally, a genetic cause for POB is proposed through a report of an apparently non-syndromic familial case series with high POB penetrance across two generations. Further investigations of the gene(s) and mechanism(s) involved can not only provide a unique opportunity to better understand POB and the intricate muscular-occlusal relationship, but also offer powerful insight into the most effective approaches to clinical management of these (and potentially other) malocclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Bo Shan
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Brittany S Ang
- Department of Orthodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jennifer Ko
- Department of Orthodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Richard D Bloomstein
- Department of Orthodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Thomas J Cangialosi
- Department of Orthodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Hu W, Tang J, Zhang Z, Tang Q, Yan Y, Wang P, Wang X, Liu Q, Guo X, Jin M, Zhang Y, Di R, Chu M. Polymorphisms in the ASMT and ADAMTS1 gene may increase litter size in goats. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:775-787. [PMID: 32529744 PMCID: PMC7738733 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolificacy of most local goat breeds in China is low. Jining Grey goat is one of the most prolific goat breeds in China, it is an important goat breed for the rural economy. ASMT (acetylserotonin O‐methyltransferase) and ADAMTS1 (ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif) are essential for animal reproduction. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ASMT and ADAMTS1 genes in the highly prolific breed (Jining Grey goats), medium prolific breed (Boer goats and Guizhou White goats) and low prolific breeds (Angora goats, Liaoning Cashmere goats and Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats) were detected by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing. Two SNPs (g.158122T>C, g.158700G>A) of ASMT gene and two SNPs (g.7979798A>G, g.7979477C>T) of ADAMTS1 gene were identified. For g.158122T>C of ASMT gene, further analysis revealed that genotype TC or CC had 0.66 (p < 0.05) or 0.75 (p < 0.05) kids more than those with genotype TT in Jining Grey goats. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in litter size between TC and CC genotypes. The SNP (g.158122T>C) caused a p.Tyr298His change and this SNP mutation resulted in changes in protein binding sites and macromolecule‐binding sites. The improvement in reproductive performance may be due to changes in the structure of ASMT protein. For g.7979477C>T of ADAMTS1 gene, Jining Grey does with genotype CT or TT had 0.82 (p < 0.05) or 0.86 (p < 0.05) more kids than those with genotype CC. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in litter size between CT or TT genotypes. These results preliminarily indicated that C allele (g.158122T>C) of ASMT gene and T allele (g.7979477C>T) of ADAMTS1 gene are potential molecular markers which could improve litter size of Jining Grey goats and be used in goat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jishun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Zhuangbiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qianqian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yan Yan
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Pinqing Wang
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qiuyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mei Jin
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, PR China
| | - Ran Di
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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Rao C, Guan B, Luo D, Deng Q, Peng Q, Lin Z, Huang M, Qi M, Zhong B, Lu X. Identification of pathogenic variants of ERLEC1 in individuals with Class III malocclusion by exome sequencing. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1435-1446. [PMID: 32442352 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Class III malocclusion is a common dentofacial deformity. The underlying genetic alteration is largely unclear. In this study, we sought to determine the genetic etiology for Class III malocclusion. A four-generation pedigree of Class III malocclusion was recruited for exome sequencing analyses. The likely causative gene was verified via Sanger sequencing in an additional 90 unrelated sporadic Class III malocclusion patients. We identified a rare heterozygous variant in endoplasmic reticulum lectin 1 (ERLEC1; NM_015701.4(ERLEC1_v001):c.1237C>T, p.(His413Tyr), designated as ERLEC1-m in this article) that cosegregated with the deformity in pedigree members and three additional rare missense heterozygous variants (c.419C>G, p.(Thr140Ser), c.419C>T, p.(Thr140Ile), and c.1448A>G, p.(Asn483Ser)) in 3 of 90 unrelated sporadic subjects. Our results showed that ERLEC1 is highly expressed in mouse jaw osteoblasts and inhibits osteoblast proliferation. ERLEC1-m significantly enhanced this inhibitory effect of osteoblast proliferation. Our results also showed that the proper level of ERLEC1 expression is crucial for proper osteogenic differentiation. The ERLEC1 variant identified in this study is likely a causal mutation of Class III malocclusion. Our study reveals the genetic basis of Class III malocclusion and provides insights into the novel target for clinical management of Class III malocclusion, in addition to orthodontic treatment and orthodontic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbao Rao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, China.,Dongguan Key Laboratory of Child Genetic and Infectious Diseases, Dongguan, China
| | - Biyang Guan
- Department of Stomatology, Dongguan Children's Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Dong Luo
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, China.,Dongguan Key Laboratory of Child Genetic and Infectious Diseases, Dongguan, China
| | - Qin Deng
- Department of Obstetrics, Dongguan Children's Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Qi Peng
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, China.,Dongguan Key Laboratory of Child Genetic and Infectious Diseases, Dongguan, China
| | - Zitian Lin
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, China.,Dongguan Key Laboratory of Child Genetic and Infectious Diseases, Dongguan, China
| | - Meihua Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Dongguan Children's Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Ming Qi
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Baimao Zhong
- Department of Stomatology, Dongguan Children's Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, China.,Dongguan Key Laboratory of Child Genetic and Infectious Diseases, Dongguan, China
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Abstract
Introduction: Genetics has been suggested as an explanation for the etiology of malocclusions, although some questions, due to the perception that genetic inheritance is tied to a monogenic or Mendelian form of inheritance. Objective: This paper describes the inheritance of malocclusions, highlighting the areas of knowledge where research has explored mechanisms that explain deviations in patterns of craniofacial growth. Conclusion: Malocclusions have a complex or multifactorial pattern of inheritance, where more than one gene is involved in the development of the phenotype. There is also the possibility that the environment influences malocclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh/PA, EUA)
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Genno PG, Nemer GM, Zein Eddine SB, Macari AT, Ghafari JG. Three novel genes tied to mandibular prognathism in eastern Mediterranean families. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019; 156:104-112.e3. [PMID: 31256822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mandibular prognathism (MP) is subject to major polygenic influence and segregates within families in autosomal dominance with variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance. We aimed to identify the inheritance pattern and genes and loci involved in the development of MP in Mediterranean families and to evaluate the dentoskeletal characteristics of affected individuals. METHODS Fifty-one eastern Mediterranean families with individuals affected by MP were identified. Data and biospecimens were collected from 14 of the families, including clinical examination, lateral cephalography (on subjects with Class III malocclusion), and 5 mL blood drawn from consenting affected and nonaffected relatives. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on 8 families (7 Lebanese, 1 Lebanese/Syrian), including large numbers of affected individuals over many generations and severe conditions, with the use of whole-exome sequencing. RESULTS Most pedigrees suggested autosomal-dominant inheritance with an equal number of affected male and female individuals. Affected individuals had macrognathic and prognathic mandibles with dentoalveolar compensation. Genetic screening did not correspond with previously reported MP-linked genes, but yielded 3 novel genes (C1orf167, NBPF8, NBPF9) on chromosome 1 potentially responsible for mandibular development and macrognathism. CONCLUSIONS In this first genetic study with the use of NGS on the largest reported number of families with MP, novel genes (C1orf167, NBPF8, NBPF9) were associated with familial MP in the eastern Mediterranean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela G Genno
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges M Nemer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Savo Bou Zein Eddine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Anthony T Macari
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Joseph G Ghafari
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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24
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Kajii TS, Oka A, Saito F, Mitsui J, Iida J. Whole-exome sequencing in a Japanese pedigree implicates a rare non-synonymous single-nucleotide variant in BEST3 as a candidate for mandibular prognathism. Bone 2019; 122:193-198. [PMID: 30849546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mandibular prognathism is a phenotype of facial deformity seen in populations around the world, but with higher incidence among East Asian populations. Five genome-wide nonparametric linkage analyses and a genome-wide association study to identify susceptibility loci of the phenotype have shown inconsistent results. To explore variants related to mandibular prognathism, we undertook whole-exome sequencing in a Japanese pedigree. The pedigree was ascertained as mandibular prognathism. The pedigree comprised 15 individuals from 4 generations. Four affected individuals across 2 generations and 5 unaffected individuals were chosen for whole-exome sequencing. Five non-synonymous single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) of UBASH3B, OR6M1, OR8D4, OR8B4, and BEST3 genes were detected in all 4 affected individuals, but in none of the 5 unaffected individuals. A non-synonymous SNV of the BEST3 gene, Chr12(GRCh37):g.70048878G>T, NM_032735.2:c.1816C>A, p.(L606I), was identified as rare missense variant. BEST3 is located on chromosome 12q15 and encodes bestrophin 3 from the bestrophin family of anion channels. The 4 other non-synonymous SNVs of UBASH3B, OR6M1, OR8D4, and OR8B4 were not considered plausible candidates for mandibular prognathism. Our whole-exome sequencing implicates a rare non-synonymous SNV of BEST3 as a candidate for mandibular prognathism in the Japanese pedigree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi S Kajii
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
| | - Akira Oka
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Fumio Saito
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Functional Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Jun Mitsui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Junichiro Iida
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Functional Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
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25
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Kantaputra PN, Pruksametanan A, Phondee N, Hutsadaloi A, Intachai W, Kawasaki K, Ohazama A, Ngamphiw C, Tongsima S, Ketudat Cairns JR, Tripuwabhrut P. ADAMTSL1
and mandibular prognathism. Clin Genet 2019; 95:507-515. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piranit N. Kantaputra
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Dentaland Clinic; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Apitchaya Pruksametanan
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Nattapol Phondee
- Department of Dental Health; Srisangwan Hospital; Mae Hon Son Thailand
| | | | - Worrachet Intachai
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Katsushig Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohazama
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - Chumpol Ngamphiw
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC); Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang; Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Sissades Tongsima
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC); Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang; Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - James R. Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application; Suranaree University of Technology; Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand
| | - Polbhat Tripuwabhrut
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
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26
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Manocha S, Farokhnia N, Khosropanah S, Bertol JW, Santiago J, Fakhouri WD. Systematic review of hormonal and genetic factors involved in the nonsyndromic disorders of the lower jaw. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:162-172. [PMID: 30576023 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular disorders are among the most common birth defects in humans, yet the etiological factors are largely unknown. Most of the neonates affected by mandibular abnormalities have a sequence of secondary anomalies, including airway obstruction and feeding problems, that reduce the quality of life. In the event of lacking corrective surgeries, patients with mandibular congenital disorders suffer from additional lifelong problems such as sleep apnea and temporomandibular disorders, among others. The goal of this systematic review is to gather evidence on hormonal and genetic factors that are involved in signaling pathways and interactions that are potentially associated with the nonsyndromic mandibular disorders. We found that members of FGF and BMP pathways, including FGF8/10, FGFR2/3, BMP2/4/7, BMPR1A, ACVR1, and ACVR2A/B, have a prominent number of gene-gene interactions among all identified genes in this review. Gene ontology of the 154 genes showed that the functional gene sets are involved in all aspects of cellular processes and organogenesis. Some of the genes identified by the genome-wide association studies of common mandibular disorders are involved in skeletal formation and growth retardation based on animal models, suggesting a potential direct role as genetic risk factors in the common complex jaw disorders. Developmental Dynamics 248:162-172, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Manocha
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Nadia Farokhnia
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Sepideh Khosropanah
- Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles
| | - Jessica W Bertol
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Joel Santiago
- Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação (PRPPG), Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Jardim Brasil, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walid D Fakhouri
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
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27
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Sun R, Wang Y, Jin M, Chen L, Cao Y, Chen F. Identification and Functional Studies of MYO1H for Mandibular Prognathism. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1501-1509. [PMID: 29986156 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518784936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular prognathism (MP) is regarded as a craniofacial deformity resulting from the combined effects of environmental and genetic factors, while the genetically predetermined component is considered to play an important role to develop MP. Although linkage and association studies for MP have identified multiple strongly associated regions and genes, the causal genes and variants responsible for the deformity remain largely undetermined. To address this, we performed targeted sequencing of 396 genes selected from previous studies as well as genes and pathways related with craniofacial development as primary candidates in 199 MP cases and 197 controls and carried out a series of statistical and functional analyses. A nonsynonymous common variant of MYO1H rs3825393, C>T, p.Pro1001Leu, was identified to be significantly associated with MP. During zebrafish embryologic development, expression of MYO1H orthologous genes were detected at mandibular jaw. Furthermore, jaw cartilage defects were observed in zebrafish knockdown models. Collectively, these data demonstrate that MYO1H is required for proper jaw growth and contributes to MP pathogenesis, expanding our knowledge of the genetic basis of MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sun
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Wang
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Jin
- 3 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Chen
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Cao
- 3 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - F Chen
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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28
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Küchler EC, Nascimento MAD, Matsumoto MAN, Romano FL, da Silva RAB, Ayumi Omori M, Antunes LA, Antunes LS, da Silva LAB, Nelson-Filho P. Genetic polymorphism in RANK is associated with mandibular size. J Orthod 2018; 45:157-162. [DOI: 10.1080/14653125.2018.1476018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of RibeirãoPreto, University of São Paulo, RibeirãoPreto, Brazil
| | - Mariele Andrade do Nascimento
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of RibeirãoPreto, University of São Paulo, RibeirãoPreto, Brazil
| | - Mirian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontic Clinic, School of Dentistry of RibeirãoPreto, University of São Paulo, RibeirãoPreto, Brazil
| | - Fabio Lourenço Romano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontic Clinic, School of Dentistry of RibeirãoPreto, University of São Paulo, RibeirãoPreto, Brazil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of RibeirãoPreto, University of São Paulo, RibeirãoPreto, Brazil
| | - Marjorie Ayumi Omori
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of RibeirãoPreto, University of São Paulo, RibeirãoPreto, Brazil
| | - Lívia Azeredo Antunes
- Department of Specific Formation, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Santos Antunes
- Department of Specific Formation, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of RibeirãoPreto, University of São Paulo, RibeirãoPreto, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of RibeirãoPreto, University of São Paulo, RibeirãoPreto, Brazil
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29
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Abstract
Mandibular prognathism is defined as an abnormal forward projection of the mandible beyond the standard relation to the cranial base and it is usually categorized as both a skeletal Class III pattern and Angle Class III malocclusion. The etiology of mandibular prognathism is still uncertain, with various genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors possibly involved. However, many reports on its coexistence in both twins and segregation in families suggest the importance of genetic influences. A multifactorial and polygenic background with a threshold for expression or an autosomal dominant mode with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity are the most probable inheritance patterns. Linkage analyses have, thus far, shown the statistical significance of such loci as 1p22.1, 1p22.3, 1p32.2, 1p36, 3q26.2, 4p16.1, 6q25, 11q22, 12pter-p12.3, 12q13.13, 12q23, 12q24.11, 14q24.3 to 31.2, and 19p13.2. The following appear among candidate genes: MATN1, EPB41, growth hormone receptor, COL2A1, COL1A1, MYO1H, DUSP6, ARHGAP21, ADAMTS1, FGF23, FGFR2, TBX5, ALPL, HSPG2, EVC, EVC2, the HoxC gene cluster, insulin-like growth factor 1, PLXNA2, SSX2IP, TGFB3, LTBP2, MMP13/CLG3, KRT7, and FBN3. On the other hand, MYH1, MYH2, MYH3, MYH7, MYH8, FOXO3, NFATC1, PTGS2, KAT6B, HDAC4, and RUNX2 expression is suspected to be involved in the epigenetic regulations behind the mandibular prognathism phenotype.
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30
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Hartsfield JK, Jacob GJ, Morford LA. Heredity, Genetics and Orthodontics - How Much Has This Research Really Helped? Semin Orthod 2017; 23:336-347. [PMID: 29290679 DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Uncovering the genetic factors that correlate with a clinical deviation of previously unknown etiology helps to diminish the unknown variation influencing the phenotype. Clinical studies, particularly those that consider the effects of an appliance or treatment regimen on growth, need to be a part of these types of genetic investigations in the future. While the day-to-day utilization of "testing" for genetic factors is not ready for practice yet, genetic testing for monogenic traits such as Primary Failure of Eruption (PFE) and Class III malocclusion is showing more promise as knowledge and technology advances. Although the heterogeneous complexity of such things as facial and dental development, the physiology of tooth movement, and the occurrence of External Apical Root Resorption (EARR) make their precise prediction untenable, investigations into the genetic factors that influence different phenotypes, and how these factors may relate to or impact environmental factors (including orthodontic treatment) are becoming better understood. The most important "genetic test" the practitioner can do today is to gather the patient's individual and family history. This would greatly benefit the patient, and augment the usefulness of these families in future clinical research in which clinical findings, environmental, and genetic factors can be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Hartsfield
- E. Preston Hicks Professor of Orthodontics and Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky Center for the Biologic Basis of Oral/Systemic Diseases, Hereditary Genetics/Genomics Core
| | - George Jeryn Jacob
- Craniofacial Genetics Fellow, University of Kentucky Center for the Biologic Basis of Oral/Systemic Diseases, Hereditary Genetics/Genomics Core
| | - Lorri Ann Morford
- Research Assistant Professor, University of Kentucky Center for the Biologic Basis of Oral/Systemic Diseases, Hereditary Genetics/Genomics CoreThe University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky USA 40536-0297
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31
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Saito F, Kajii TS, Oka A, Ikuno K, Iida J. Genome-wide association study for mandibular prognathism using microsatellite and pooled DNA method. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 152:382-388. [PMID: 28863919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to extend an association study from chromosome 1 to the whole genome (genome-wide association study) to find susceptibility loci of mandibular prognathism. METHODS Two hundred forty patients diagnosed with mandibular prognathism and 360 healthy controls of Japanese descent were recruited. The typing of microsatellites covering the whole genome was conducted using a pooled DNA method. Upon completion of the first and second screenings with pooled DNA, the positive microsatellite markers from both the first and second typings were retyped using individual-subject DNA samples to confirm the significance of allele frequency. RESULTS Six microsatellites (D1S0411i, D1S1358i, D3S0810i, D6S0827i, D7S0133i, and D15S0154i) showed differences between allele frequencies of the subjects and controls at P <0.001. D1S0411i, D1S1358i, D3S0810i, D6S0827i, D7S0133i, and D15S0154i were located on chromosomes 1p22.3, 1q32.2, 3q23, 6q23.2, 7q11.22, and 15q22.22, respectively. SSX2IP, PLXNA2, RASA2, TCF21, CALN1, and RORA were suggested as candidate genes. CONCLUSIONS The genome-wide association study using microsatellites suggested that 6 loci (1p22.3, 1q32.2, 3q23, 6q23.2, 7q11.22, and 15q22.22) were susceptibility regions of mandibular prognathism. The locus 1p22.3 was supported by a previous linkage analysis, and the other 5 were novel loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Saito
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Functional Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi S Kajii
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Akira Oka
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Ikuno
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Functional Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junichiro Iida
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Functional Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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32
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Xiong X, Li S, Cai Y, Chen F. Targeted sequencing in FGF/FGFR genes and association analysis of variants for mandibular prognathism. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7240. [PMID: 28640125 PMCID: PMC5484233 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify variants of the genes in fibroblast growth factors/fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGF/FGFR) signal pathway that predispose to mandibular prognathism (MP) in the general Chinese population systematically.Targeted sequencing of the FGF/FGFR genes was conducted in 176 MP individuals and 155 class I malocclusion controls. The associations of common and rare variants with MP as a categorical phenotype and also continuous malocclusion phenotypes generated by principal component (PC) analysis were analyzed.One common variant, rs372127537, located in the 3'-untranslated region of FGF7 gene, was significantly related to PC1 (P = 4.22 × 10), which explained 23.23% of the overall phenotypic variation observed and corresponded to vertical discrepancies ranging from short anterior face height to long anterior face height, after Bonferroni correction. Also, 15 other variants were associated with PC1-4, although not significant after multiple corrections (P < .05). We also identified 3 variants: rs13317 in FGFR1, rs149242678 in FGF20, and rs79176051 FGF12 associated with MP (P < .05). With respect to rare variant analysis, variants within the FGF12 gene showed significant association with MP (P = .001).Association between FGF/FGFR signaling pathway and MP has been identified. We found a previously unreported SNP in FGF7 significantly related to increased facial height. Also, rare variants within the FGF12 were associated with MP. Our results provide new clues for genetic mechanisms of MP and shed light on strategies for evaluating rare variants that underlie complex traits. Future studies with larger sample sizes and more comprehensive genome coverage, and also in other population are required to replicate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Xiong
- Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
| | - Shuyuan Li
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
| | - Fengshan Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
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Abstract
Mandibular prognathism (MP) is considered to be a cranial-facial disorder resulting from the interaction between genes and environment. Recent studies have demonstrated that susceptible chromosomal regions and candidate genes may be responsible for MP. In this study, the authors present current views on the effect of genetic components in nonsystematic mandibular prognathism, in order to clarify the genetic etiology of MP. Data source were Electronic databases, manual searching, and reference lists checking, up to April 2016. Study selection, level of evidence assessment, and data extraction were done by 2 individuals in duplicate. Ninety-one studies were retrieved in initial electronic and manual search, and based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 were selected for the review. In result, loci 1p36, 1q32.2, 1p22.3, 4p16.1, 6q25, 19p13, 14q24.3, 14q31.1, and 14q31.2 were thought to harbor genes that confer susceptibility to MP. Genes Matrilin-1, ADAMTS1, COL2A1, and EPB41 seemed to be strongly associated with MP while gene of growth hormone receptor was in dispute. Genetic components appeared to be associated with MP. However, in view of the variety of populations and results in related publications, further studies are necessary to clarify the genetic etiology of MP.
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Weaver CA, Miller SF, da Fontoura CSG, Wehby GL, Amendt BA, Holton NE, Allareddy V, Southard TE, Moreno Uribe LM. Candidate gene analyses of 3-dimensional dentoalveolar phenotypes in subjects with malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 151:539-558. [PMID: 28257739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic studies of malocclusion etiology have identified 4 deleterious mutations in genes DUSP6,ARHGAP21, FGF23, and ADAMTS1 in familial Class III cases. Although these variants may have large impacts on Class III phenotypic expression, their low frequency (<1%) makes them unlikely to explain most malocclusions. Thus, much of the genetic variation underlying the dentofacial phenotypic variation associated with malocclusion remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated associations between common genetic variations in craniofacial candidate genes and 3-dimensional dentoalveolar phenotypes in patients with malocclusion. METHODS Pretreatment dental casts or cone-beam computed tomographic images from 300 healthy subjects were digitized with 48 landmarks. The 3-dimensional coordinate data were submitted to a geometric morphometric approach along with principal component analysis to generate continuous phenotypes including symmetric and asymmetric components of dentoalveolar shape variation, fluctuating asymmetry, and size. The subjects were genotyped for 222 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 82 genes/loci, and phenotpye-genotype associations were tested via multivariate linear regression. RESULTS Principal component analysis of symmetric variation identified 4 components that explained 68% of the total variance and depicted anteroposterior, vertical, and transverse dentoalveolar discrepancies. Suggestive associations (P < 0.05) were identified with PITX2, SNAI3, 11q22.2-q22.3, 4p16.1, ISL1, and FGF8. Principal component analysis for asymmetric variations identified 4 components that explained 51% of the total variations and captured left-to-right discrepancies resulting in midline deviations, unilateral crossbites, and ectopic eruptions. Suggestive associations were found with TBX1AJUBA, SNAI3SATB2, TP63, and 1p22.1. Fluctuating asymmetry was associated with BMP3 and LATS1. Associations for SATB2 and BMP3 with asymmetric variations remained significant after the Bonferroni correction (P <0.00022). Suggestive associations were found for centroid size, a proxy for dentoalveolar size variation with 4p16.1 and SNAI1. CONCLUSIONS Specific genetic pathways associated with 3-dimensional dentoalveolar phenotypic variation in malocclusions were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven F Miller
- Department of Anatomy, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Ill; Department of Dental Medicine, College of Dental Medicine-Illinois, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Ill
| | - Clarissa S G da Fontoura
- The Iowa Institute for Oral and Craniofacial Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - George L Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Brad A Amendt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Nathan E Holton
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Veeratrishul Allareddy
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Thomas E Southard
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Lina M Moreno Uribe
- The Iowa Institute for Oral and Craniofacial Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
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