1
|
Dehesa-Santos A, Park JA, Lee SJ, Iglesias-Linares A. East Asian and Southern European craniofacial class III phenotype: two sides of the same coin? Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:84. [PMID: 38195777 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The skeletal class III phenotype is a heterogeneous condition in populations of different ethnicities. This study aimed to analyse the joint and ethnicity-specific clustering of morphological features in skeletal class III patients of Asian and European origins. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study involved South Korean and Spanish participants who fulfilled the cephalometric, clinical, and ethnic-related selection criteria. Radiographic records were standardised, calibrated, and measured. A total of 54 skeletal variables were selected for varimax factorial analysis (VFA). Subsequently, a cluster analysis (CA) was performed (mixed method: k-means and hierarchical clustering). Method error and precision were assessed using ICC, Student's t-test, and the Dahlberg formula. RESULTS A total of 285 Korean and Spanish participants with skeletal class III malocclusions were analysed. After performing VFA and CA, the joint sample revealed three global clusters, and ethnicity-specific analysis revealed four Korean and five Spanish clusters. Cluster_1_global was predominantly Spanish (79.2%) and male (83.01%) and was characterised by a predominantly mesobrachycephalic pattern and a larger cranial base, maxilla, and mandible. Cluster_2_global and Cluster_3_global were mainly South Korean (73.9% and 75.6%, respectively) and depicted opposite phenotypes of mandibular projection and craniofacial pattern. CONCLUSIONS A distinct distribution of Spanish and South Korean participants was observed in the global analysis. Interethnic and interethnic differences were observed, primarily in the cranial base and maxilla size, mandible projection, and craniofacial pattern. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Accurate phenotyping, reflecting the complexity of skeletal class III phenotype across diverse populations, is critical for improving diagnostic predictability and future personalised treatment protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Dehesa-Santos
- School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal, S/N. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ji-Ae Park
- Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, 03080, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin-Jae Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, 03080, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alejandro Iglesias-Linares
- School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal, S/N. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Craniofacial Biology and Orthodontics Research Group, School of Dentistry, BIOCRAN, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal, S/N. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dehesa-Santos A, Faria-Teixeira MC, Iglesias-Linares A. Skeletal Class III phenotype: Link between animal models and human genetics: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2024; 342:21-44. [PMID: 38108095 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify evidence from animal studies examining genetic variants underlying maxillomandibular discrepancies resulting in a skeletal Class III (SCIII) malocclusion phenotype. Following the Manual for Evidence Synthesis of the JBI and the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, a participant, concept, context question was formulated and systematic searches were executed in the PubMed, Scopus, WOS, Scielo, Open Gray, and Mednar databases. Of the 779 identified studies, 13 met the selection criteria and were included in the data extraction. The SCIII malocclusion phenotype was described as mandibular prognathism in the Danio rerio, Dicentrarchus labrax, and Equus africanus asinus models; and as maxillary deficiency in the Felis silvestris catus, Canis familiaris, Salmo trutta, and Mus musculus models. The identified genetic variants highlight the significance of BMP and TGF-β signaling. Their regulatory pathways and genetic interactions link them to cellular bone regulation events, particularly ossification regulation of postnatal cranial synchondroses. In conclusion, twenty genetic variants associated with the skeletal SCIII malocclusion phenotype were identified in animal models. Their interactions and regulatory pathways corroborate the role of these variants in bone growth, differentiation events, and ossification regulation of postnatal cranial synchondroses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Cristina Faria-Teixeira
- School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- University Clinic of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alejandro Iglesias-Linares
- School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- BIOCRAN, Craniofacial Biology and Orthodontics Research Group, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou X, Zhang C, Yao S, Fan L, Ma L, Pan Y. Genetic architecture of non-syndromic skeletal class III malocclusion. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2423-2437. [PMID: 36350305 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-syndromic skeletal Class III malocclusion is a major craniofacial disorder characterized by genetic and environmental factors. Patients with severe skeletal Class III malocclusion require orthognathic surgery to obtain aesthetic facial appearance and functional occlusion. Recent studies have demonstrated that susceptible chromosomal regions and genetic variants of candidate genes play important roles in the etiology of skeletal Class III malocclusion. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of our current understanding of the genetic factors that affect non-syndromic skeletal Class III malocclusion, including the patterns of inheritance and multiple genetic approaches. We then summarize the functional studies on related loci and genes using cell biology and animal models, which will help to implement individualized therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyue Yao
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Liwen Fan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongchu Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sadputranto SA, Setiawan AS, Maskoen AM, Laviana A, Sjamsudin E. Orthognathic Surgery as Class III Skeletal Treatment in a 31-Year-Old Female with Mandible Prognathism: A Case Report. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:935-942. [PMID: 36977475 PMCID: PMC10569864 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mandible prognathism or malocclusion skeletal class III is facial deformities. These deformities can affect orofacial function, such as mastication, speech, and function of the temporomandibular joint. Besides the physical effects of these deformities, the psychosocial impact on the individual is often essential, and such deformities can affect the quality of life and self-confidence. Orthognathic surgery is designed to correct these deformities because these deformities could not have been corrected by only orthodontic treatment. Therefore, at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, orthognathic surgery is the treatment choice for mandibular prognathism or malocclusion skeletal class III. In this case report, we present a 31-year-old female with mandibular prognathism, difficulty in closing her mouth and anterior open bite. Surgery was performed by Le Fort 1 osteotomy for advancing maxilla and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for setback mandible. Two weeks after surgery, patient came back to the orthodontic department for occlusion treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arlette Suzy Setiawan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ani Melani Maskoen
- Department of Oral Biology Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Avi Laviana
- Department of Orthodontic Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Endang Sjamsudin
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgeon Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zohud O, Lone IM, Midlej K, Obaida A, Masarwa S, Schröder A, Küchler EC, Nashef A, Kassem F, Reiser V, Chaushu G, Mott R, Krohn S, Kirschneck C, Proff P, Watted N, Iraqi FA. Towards Genetic Dissection of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion: A Review of Genetic Variations Underlying the Phenotype in Humans and Future Directions. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093212. [PMID: 37176653 PMCID: PMC10179046 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skeletal abnormalities and malocclusions have varied features that impact populations globally, impairing aesthetics and lowering life quality. The prevalence of the Skeletal Class III disease is the lowest among all angle malocclusions, with varied prevalence across nations. Environmental, genetic, and societal factors play a role in its numerous etiologies. In this study, we conducted a thorough search across the published data relating to quantitative trait loci (QTL) and the genes associated with Class III progression in humans, discussed these findings and their limitations, and proposed future directions and strategies for studying this phenotype. METHODS An inclusive search of published papers in the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines using the following terms: 1. Human skeletal Class III; 2. Genetics of Human skeletal Class III; 3. QTL mapping and gene associated with human skeletal Class III; 4. enriched skeletal Class-III-malocclusion-associated pathways. RESULTS Our search has found 53 genes linked with skeletal Class III malocclusion reported in humans, genes associated with epigenetics and phenomena, and the top 20 enriched pathways associated with skeletal Class III malocclusion. CONCLUSIONS The human investigations yielded some contentious conclusions. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS), an epigenetics-wide association study (EWAS), RNA-seq analysis, integrating GWAS and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), micro- and small-RNA, and long non-coding RNA analysis in tissues connected to skeletal Class III malocclusion phenotype in tissues connected with the skeletal phenotype. Finally, we invite regional, national, and international orthodontists and surgeons to join this effort by contributing human samples with skeletal Class III malocclusion following the accepted Helsinki ethical protocol to challenge these phenomena jointly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osayd Zohud
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Iqbal M Lone
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Kareem Midlej
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Awadi Obaida
- Center for Dentistry Research and Aesthetics, Jatt 4491800, Israel
| | - Samir Masarwa
- Center for Dentistry Research and Aesthetics, Jatt 4491800, Israel
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Erika C Küchler
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Aysar Nashef
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Tabaria 1520800, Israel
| | - Firas Kassem
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 4428164, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Vadim Reiser
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva 4941492, Israel
| | - Gavriel Chaushu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva 4941492, Israel
- School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Richard Mott
- Department of Genetics, University College of London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Sebastian Krohn
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nezar Watted
- Center for Dentistry Research and Aesthetics, Jatt 4491800, Israel
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Arab America University, Jenin 34567, Palestine
- Gathering for Prosperity Initiative, Jatt 4491800, Israel
| | - Fuad A Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
- Gathering for Prosperity Initiative, Jatt 4491800, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Milosevic O, Nikolic N, Carkic J, Juloski J, Vucic L, Glisic B, Milasin J. Single nucleotide polymorphisms MYO1H 1001 C>T SNP (rs3825393) is a strong risk factor for mandibular prognathism. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 162:e246-e251. [PMID: 35977859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mandibular prognathism (MP) is a common craniofacial disorder of Class III malocclusion that causes esthetic and functional problems. Class III malocclusion diversity is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in craniofacial morphogenesis, bone and cartilage development, and metabolism, could play a role as predisposing factors. The present study aimed to establish a potential association between MATN1 -1878 A>G (rs1149048), MYO1H 1001 C>T (rs3825393), and BMP-4 538 A>G (rs17563) SNPs and MP in Serbian population. METHODS The study included 110 participants: 55 patients with Class III malocclusion diagnosed with MP and 55 with Class I malocclusion. The 3 SNPs were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS The genotype frequency of MYO1H showed a highly significant difference between patients and controls. Heterozygous carriers of the T allele had an almost 3-fold increase in odds for the development of MP (odds ratio, 2.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-6.19; P = 0.010). No association could be established between MATN1 and BMP-4 polymorphisms and MP. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the concept of gene polymorphisms as risk modulators in mandibular prognathism development, although only the association between MYO1H and MP was found in Serbian patients with Class III malocclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Milosevic
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadja Nikolic
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Carkic
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Juloski
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Vucic
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Glisic
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milasin
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yao S, Zhou X, Vona B, Fan L, Zhang C, Li D, Yuan H, Du Y, Ma L, Pan Y. Skeletal Class III Malocclusion Is Associated with ADAMTS2 Variants and Reduced Expression in a Familial Case. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810673. [PMID: 36142585 PMCID: PMC9505033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal Class III malocclusion with maxillary deficiency is a severe maxillofacial disease with unclear pathogenic mechanisms. We recruited a Han Chinese family who was clinically diagnosed with skeletal Class III malocclusion and maxillary deficiency. Using whole exome sequencing, a missense variant in ADAMTS2 (NM_014244: c.3506G>T: p.G1169V) was identified and predicted as deleterious by in silico tools. We also found ADAMTS2 variants associated with deficient maxillary development in a cohort. ADAMTS2 expression in HEK293 cells showed significant decrease due to the variant, which was also consistent in dental pulp stem cells from the proband and a healthy control. In the adamts2-knockdown zebrafish model, the length and width of the ethmoid plate, as well as the length of the palatoquadrate became significantly shorter than the control group (p < 0.001), while there was no significant difference in the length and width of the mandible. The expression of Sox3, which was required in early embryonic craniofacial development, was significantly downregulated in the adamts2-knockdown zebrafish embryos. Bioinformatic and cellular studies showed that the decreased expression of ADAMTS2 may inhibit downstream ErbB signaling pathway transduction and restrain subsequent osteogenesis in human adult mesenchymal stromal cells. Collectively, these data showed that ADAMTS2 (c.3506G>T: p.G1169V) may confer susceptibility to risk of skeletal Class III malocclusion with maxillary deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Yao
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Barbara Vona
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and Inner Ear Lab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Liwen Fan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yifei Du
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (Y.P.); Tel.: +86-25-86862025 (L.M. & Y.P.); Fax: +86-25-86862823 (L.M. & Y.P.)
| | - Yongchu Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (Y.P.); Tel.: +86-25-86862025 (L.M. & Y.P.); Fax: +86-25-86862823 (L.M. & Y.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The association of polymorphisms in BMP2/MYO1H and skeletal Class II div.1 maxillary and mandibular dimensions. A preliminary ‘report. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103405. [PMID: 36039325 PMCID: PMC9418592 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The genetic impact directly or indirectly predefines maxillofacial dimensions, potentially leading to an inappropriate relationship of the jaws and subsequently skeletal malocclusion. Previous studies focused mainly on genetic polymorphisms and class III malocclusion. This study was set out to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms in two genes BMP2 (rs235768) and MYO1H (rs11066446) with Class II division 1 malocclusion, skeletal variation in vertical plane, and maxillary and mandibular jaws length. Subjects and methods Sixty patients classified as Skeletal Class I (n = 30) and Class II division 1 (n = 30) were recruited. DNA was extracted from saliva and analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were measured for the anterio-posterior relationship of maxillary and mandibular arch using digital tracing. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium analysis of genotype frequencies was performed using Chi-square test to compare genotype distribution among groups and multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted by gender was also performed. Results The rs235768 polymorphism in BMP2 was associated with hypodivergent face, increased maxillary length, and decreased mandibular length. Meanwhile, the rs11066446 polymorphism in MYO1H was associated with decreased mandibular length. New polymorphism was identified in MYO1H (rs10850090) in association with decreased mandibular length. Conclusion A potential association between polymorpisms in BMP2 rs235768 and MOY1H rs11066446 and rs10850090 and Class II division 1 skeletal malocclusion related phenotypes exists, however, the degree of it has to be further investigated and yet to be discovered.
Collapse
|
9
|
Pernier J, Schauer K. Does the Actin Network Architecture Leverage Myosin-I Functions? BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070989. [PMID: 36101369 PMCID: PMC9311500 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton plays crucial roles in cell morphogenesis and functions. The main partners of cortical actin are molecular motors of the myosin superfamily. Although our understanding of myosin functions is heavily based on myosin-II and its ability to dimerize, the largest and most ancient class is represented by myosin-I. Class 1 myosins are monomeric, actin-based motors that regulate a wide spectrum of functions, and whose dysregulation mediates multiple human diseases. We highlight the current challenges in identifying the “pantograph” for myosin-I motors: we need to reveal how conformational changes of myosin-I motors lead to diverse cellular as well as multicellular phenotypes. We review several mechanisms for scaling, and focus on the (re-) emerging function of class 1 myosins to remodel the actin network architecture, a higher-order dynamic scaffold that has potential to leverage molecular myosin-I functions. Undoubtfully, understanding the molecular functions of myosin-I motors will reveal unexpected stories about its big partner, the dynamic actin cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pernier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à L’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Kristine Schauer
- Tumor Cell Dynamics Unit, Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 94800 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Selçuk E, Kırımtay K, Temizci B, Akarsu Ş, Everest E, Baslo MB, Demirkıran M, Yapıcı Z, Karabay A. MYO1H is a novel candidate gene for autosomal dominant pure hereditary spastic paraplegia. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:1141-1150. [PMID: 35704118 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01910-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine the genetic basis of a Turkish family related to hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) by exome sequencing. HSP is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and displays genetic and clinical heterogeneity. The major symptoms are muscle weakness and spasticity, especially in the lower extremities. We studied seven affected and seven unaffected family members, as well as a clinically undetermined member, to identify the disease-causing gene. Exome sequencing was performed for four affected and two unaffected individuals. The variants were firstly filtered for HSP-associated genes, and we found a common variant in the ZFYVE27 gene, which has been previously implied for association with HSP. Due to the incompletely penetrant segregation pattern of the ZFYVE27 variant, revealed by Sanger sequencing, with the disease in this family, filtering was re-performed according to the mode of inheritance and allelic frequencies. The resulting 14 rare variants were further evaluated in terms of their cellular functions, and three candidate variants in ATAD3C, VPS16, and MYO1H genes were selected as possible causative variants, which were analyzed for their familial segregation. ATAD3C and VPS16 variants were eliminated due to incomplete penetrance. Eventually, the MYO1H variant NM_001101421.3:c.2972_2974del (p.Glu992del, rs372231088) was found as the possible disease-causing deletion for HSP in this family. This is the first study reporting the possible role of a MYO1H variant in HSP pathogenesis. Further studies on the cellular roles of Myo1h protein are needed to validate the causality of MYO1H gene at the onset of HSP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ece Selçuk
- Molecular Biology, Genetics-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, 34700, Turkey
| | - Koray Kırımtay
- Molecular Biology, Genetics-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Benan Temizci
- Molecular Biology, Genetics-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Şeyma Akarsu
- Molecular Biology, Genetics-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Elif Everest
- Molecular Biology, Genetics-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Barış Baslo
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meltem Demirkıran
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Yapıcı
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Karabay
- Molecular Biology, Genetics-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jaruga A, Ksiazkiewicz J, Kuzniarz K, Tylzanowski P. Orofacial Cleft and Mandibular Prognathism-Human Genetics and Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020953. [PMID: 35055138 PMCID: PMC8779325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many complex molecular interactions are involved in the process of craniofacial development. Consequently, the network is sensitive to genetic mutations that may result in congenital malformations of varying severity. The most common birth anomalies within the head and neck are orofacial clefts (OFCs) and prognathism. Orofacial clefts are disorders with a range of phenotypes such as the cleft of the lip with or without cleft palate and isolated form of cleft palate with unilateral and bilateral variations. They may occur as an isolated abnormality (nonsyndromic-NSCLP) or coexist with syndromic disorders. Another cause of malformations, prognathism or skeletal class III malocclusion, is characterized by the disproportionate overgrowth of the mandible with or without the hypoplasia of maxilla. Both syndromes may be caused by the presence of environmental factors, but the majority of them are hereditary. Several mutations are linked to those phenotypes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the genetics of those phenotypes and describe genotype-phenotype correlations. We then present the animal models used to study these defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jaruga
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Jakub Ksiazkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.); (J.K.)
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Krystian Kuzniarz
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Przemko Tylzanowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.); (J.K.)
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jazaldi F, Gullianne B, Soedarsono N, Soegiharto B. Polymorphism analysis of myosin 1H (G/A) and P561T (C/A) genes on class I, class II, and class III malocclusion. J Orthod Sci 2022; 11:36. [PMID: 36188198 PMCID: PMC9515566 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_176_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT: Besides environmental factors, genetic factors play an important role in the etiology of malocclusion. Polymorphisms of the Myosin 1H gene in orofacial muscle fibers are thought to influence the growth and development of the mandible. Growth hormone receptors are present on the growth of cartilage, especially the condyle of the mandible. The polymorphisms of the growth hormone receptor have an effect on the growth and development of the mandible. The potential of the Myosin 1H and P561T genes as bioindicators in aiding diagnosis of malocclusion is quite good based on the available literature. However, until now there has been no research that has observed genetic analysis on polymorphism-based malocclusion of the Myosin 1H and P561T genes in the Indonesian population. AIMS: To determine the relationship between polymorphisms of Myosin 1H and P561T genes, towards the growth and development of the mandible in malocclusion cases. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Subjects were patients aged 17--45 years old with skeletal malocclusions who were undergoing or were about to undergo orthodontic treatment at RSGM-FKG UI (Universitas Indonesia's Dental Hospital), with 50 people in each group. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Malocclusions were determined based on radiographic analysis of the initial cephalometry using the Stainer method. DNA samples were extracted from buccal swabs and blood cells in Class I and II malocclusion while nail clippings and hair follicles extracts were used in Class III malocclusion. DNA sequence amplification was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction, while Genetic Polymorphism Analysis of Myosin 1H and P561T genes was performed with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Pearson Chi-Square was used to analyze the Myosin 1H gene, while the Fisher Exact Test was used to analyze the P561T gene. RESULTS: A relationship between Myosin 1H gene polymorphism and Class I, II, and III skeletal malocclusion was found. There was no correlation between P561T gene polymorphism and Class I, II, and III skeletal malocclusion. CONCLUSIONS: Myosin 1H gene polymorphism is one of the risk factors for Class I, II, and III malocclusion. Extraction of DNA from hair follicles gave good results in terms of DNA quality and was a relatively easier sampling method compared to blood cell purification and buccal swabs.
Collapse
|
13
|
Atteeri A, Neela PK, Mamillapalli PK, Sesham VM, Keesara S, Chandra J, Monica U, Mohan V, Miryala S, Khan FA, Makthal P. Analysis of MYO1H Gene Polymorphism in Skeletal Class-III Malocclusion Due to Mandibular Prognathism. Glob Med Genet 2021; 8:156-161. [PMID: 34877573 PMCID: PMC8635817 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Mandibular prognathism (MP) is a craniofacial deformity resulting from the combined effects of environmental and genetic factors. Although various linkage and genome-wide association studies for mandibular prognathism have identified multiple strongly associated regions and genes, the causal genes and variants responsible for the deformity remained ambiguous.
Aim
This research work was aimed to study the association between polymorphism rs10850110 of the
MYO1H
gene and skeletal class-III malocclusion in our local population.
Materials and Methods
Thirty patients with skeletal class III due to mandibular prognathism in the study group and 30 patients with skeletal class I in the control group were selected for this study. These patients were from both sexes and above age 10 years. Based on the cephalometric values, patients were categorized into study and control groups. SNB (angle between sella, nasion and point B at nasion) greater than 82 degrees with an ANB (angle between point A, nasion and point B at nasion) of less than 0 degrees in the study group and ANB (angle between point A, nasion and point B at nasion) of 2 to 4 degrees in the control group were categorized. The polymorphism (rs10850110) of the
MYO1H
gene was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Associations were tested with SNP exact test using SNPstats software.
Results
The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs10850110 showed a statistically significant association with mandibular prognathism. The G allele of marker rs10850110 (5′ of myosin1H
- MYO1H
) was overrepresented when compared with the “A” allele in mandibular prognathism cases (
p
< 0.0001), and this was very significant.
Conclusion
These results suggest that the rs10850110 polymorphism of the
MYO1H
gene is associated with an increased risk for mandibular prognathism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Atteeri
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Neela
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Mamillapalli
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India
| | - Vasu M Sesham
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India
| | - Sreekanth Keesara
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India
| | - Jaya Chandra
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India
| | - Udayini Monica
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India
| | - Vasavi Mohan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Vasavi Medical and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shubhangi Miryala
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Vasavi Medical and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Fatema A Khan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Vasavi Medical and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Priyanka Makthal
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Vasavi Medical and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Genes and Pathways Associated with Skeletal Sagittal Malocclusions: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313037. [PMID: 34884839 PMCID: PMC8657482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal class II and III malocclusions are craniofacial disorders that negatively impact people’s quality of life worldwide. Unfortunately, the growth patterns of skeletal malocclusions and their clinical correction prognoses are difficult to predict largely due to lack of knowledge of their precise etiology. Inspired by the strong inheritance pattern of a specific type of skeletal malocclusion, previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were reanalyzed, resulting in the identification of 19 skeletal class II malocclusion-associated and 53 skeletal class III malocclusion-associated genes. Functional enrichment of these genes created a signal pathway atlas in which most of the genes were associated with bone and cartilage growth and development, as expected, while some were characterized by functions related to skeletal muscle maturation and construction. Interestingly, several genes and enriched pathways are involved in both skeletal class II and III malocclusions, indicating the key regulatory effects of these genes and pathways in craniofacial development. There is no doubt that further investigation is necessary to validate these recognized genes’ and pathways’ specific function(s) related to maxillary and mandibular development. In summary, this systematic review provides initial insight on developing novel gene-based treatment strategies for skeletal malocclusions and paves the path for precision medicine where dental care providers can make an accurate prediction of the craniofacial growth of an individual patient based on his/her genetic profile.
Collapse
|
15
|
Genetic factors contributing to skeletal class III malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:1587-1612. [PMID: 33550467 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present systematic review aims to report and critically assess the findings of the available scientific evidence from genetic association studies examining the genetic variants underlying skeletal class III malocclusion and its sub-phenotypes. MATERIAL AND METHODS A pre-piloted protocol was registered and followed. The PubMed, Scopus, WOS, Cochrane Library, Gray Open literature, and CADTH databases were explored for genetic association studies following PICOS-based selection criteria. The research was reported in accordance with PRISMA statement and HuGE guidelines. The Q-genie tool was applied to assess the quality of genetic studies. Meta-analysis of genetic association studies was done by means of Meta-Genyo tool. RESULTS A total of 8258 articles were retrieved, of which 22 were selected for in-depth analysis. Most of the studies did not differentiate between sub-phenotypes, and the cohorts were heterogeneous regarding ethnicity. Four to five principal components of class III malocclusion explained the phenotypic variation, and gene variants at MYO1H(rs10850110), BMP3(rs1390319), GHR (rs2973015,rs6184, rs2973015), FGF7(rs372127537), FGF10(rs593307), and SNAI3(rs4287555) (p < .05) explained most of the variation across the studies, associated to vertical, horizontal, or combined skeletal discrepancies. Meta-analysis results identified a statistically significant association between risk of class III malocclusion of A allele of the FBN3 rs7351083 [OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.1-4.1; p 0.02; recessive model]. CONCLUSION Skeletal class III is a polygenic trait substantially modulated by ethnicity. A multicentric approach should be considered in future studies to increase sample sizes, applying multivariate analysis such as PCA and cluster analysis to characterize existing sub-phenotypes warranting a deeper analysis of genetic variants contributing to skeletal class III craniofacial disharmony. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Grasping the underlying mechanisms of this pathology is critical for a fuller understanding of its etiology, allowing generation of preventive strategies, new individualized therapeutic approaches and more accurate treatment planification strategies.
Collapse
|
16
|
Fernandez CCA, Pereira CVCA, Ferreira FFCF, Maciel JVB, Modesto A, Costa MC, Vieira AR. IRF6, MSX1, TGFA, dental anomalies, and skeletal malocclusion. Eur J Orthod 2020; 43:478-485. [PMID: 33200192 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjaa064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Verify the presence of association between four variables-transforming growth factor α (TGFA; C/T rs1523305), interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6; A/C rs2013162), muscle segment homeobox 1 (MSX1; A/G rs12532), and dental anomalies-with skeletal malocclusion by comparing these four variables with Angle Classes I, II, and III, and normal, hyperdivergent, and hypodivergent growth patterns. METHODS A total of 505 orthodontic records of patients older than 8 years were evaluated. The sample consisted of 285 (56.4 per cent) females, 220 (43.6 per cent) males, 304 (60.2 per cent) Whites (the rest were mixed Blacks with Whites), with a mean age of 20.28 (±10.35) years (ranging from 8 to 25 years). Eight cephalometric points, which served as the anatomical framework for obtaining angles and cephalometric measurements, were used for skeletal characterization using the Dolphin Software. Samples of saliva were collected and the DNA was extracted, diluted and quantified. Markers in TGFA, IRF6, and MSX1 were used and genotypes were obtained using TaqMan chemistry. Odds ratio (OR) and 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) calculations, chi-square, Fisher's Exact, Mann-Whitney, and correlation coefficient tests (significance level: 95 per cent) were performed. Bonferroni correction was applied and an alpha of 0.0006 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS There was no statistically significant associations between markers in TGFA or IRF6 with skeletal malocclusions. Tooth agenesis was associated with facial convexity (P < 0.001). MSX1 was associated with Class II skeletal malocclusion (P = 0.0001, OR = 0.6, CI = 0.46-0.78). CONCLUSION Individuals with tooth agenesis were more likely to have a convex face. MSX1 was associated with Class II skeletal malocclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa C A Fernandez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christiane V C A Pereira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F C F Ferreira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José V B Maciel
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Modesto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marcelo C Costa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Myosins constitute a superfamily of actin-based molecular motor proteins that mediates a variety of cellular activities including muscle contraction, cell migration, intracellular transport, the formation of membrane projections, cell adhesion, and cell signaling. The 12 myosin classes that are expressed in humans share sequence similarities especially in the N-terminal motor domain; however, their enzymatic activities, regulation, ability to dimerize, binding partners, and cellular functions differ. It is becoming increasingly apparent that defects in myosins are associated with diseases including cardiomyopathies, colitis, glomerulosclerosis, neurological defects, cancer, blindness, and deafness. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding myosins and disease.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Introduction: Genetics has been suggested as an explanation for the etiology of malocclusions, although some questions, due to the perception that genetic inheritance is tied to a monogenic or Mendelian form of inheritance. Objective: This paper describes the inheritance of malocclusions, highlighting the areas of knowledge where research has explored mechanisms that explain deviations in patterns of craniofacial growth. Conclusion: Malocclusions have a complex or multifactorial pattern of inheritance, where more than one gene is involved in the development of the phenotype. There is also the possibility that the environment influences malocclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh/PA, EUA)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen T, Liu Z, Xue C, Tian W, Bai D, Chen YP. Association of Dysplastic Coronoid Process with Long-Face Morphology. J Dent Res 2019; 99:339-348. [PMID: 31826728 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519892551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertical malocclusion is a developmental condition, resulting from complex interactions among multiple etiological factors during the growth period. As a tricky dentofacial deformity clinically, long-face (LF) morphology is characterized by excessive vertical facial growth with severe disarrangement of jaws and teeth. Since the improvement of LF patients on facial profile and occlusion is often difficult and lacks long-term stability, it becomes important to unravel the etiology of LF pattern formation for early prevention and treatment. In the current studies, we identified a transgenic mouse model that exhibited a dysplastic coronoid process and LF morphology. Although the mutant mice exhibited jaw structures and occlusion comparable to controls at birth, they all acquired typical LF morphology with anterior open bite during postnatal growth, resembling clinical features of the selected skeletal class III patients. Since the coronoid process provides an insertion site for the temporalis attachment, we examined the initial development and differentiation of the temporalis and found identical results in both control and mutant mice before E17.5 when the temporal muscle makes attachment to the coronoid process. However, thereafter, we observed altered orientation and reduced size of the cross-sectional area of the temporalis in mutant mice, which persisted to the weaning stage. Biomechanical analysis and simulation modeling further support the idea that altered morphology of the coronoid process may impair the efficiency of the vertical temporalis contraction and appears to correlate with LF formation. Consistently, we present evidence that a dysplastic mandibular coronoid process was also seen in some human patients with skeletal III LF morphology. Taken together, the results presented in this study establish an association of the craniofacial bony structures with vertical patterning, which will have implications in earlier prediction for clinical precaution and intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Z Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - C Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - D Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y P Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kantaputra PN, Pruksametanan A, Phondee N, Hutsadaloi A, Intachai W, Kawasaki K, Ohazama A, Ngamphiw C, Tongsima S, Ketudat Cairns JR, Tripuwabhrut P. ADAMTSL1
and mandibular prognathism. Clin Genet 2019; 95:507-515. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piranit N. Kantaputra
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Dentaland Clinic; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Apitchaya Pruksametanan
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Nattapol Phondee
- Department of Dental Health; Srisangwan Hospital; Mae Hon Son Thailand
| | | | - Worrachet Intachai
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Katsushig Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohazama
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - Chumpol Ngamphiw
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC); Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang; Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Sissades Tongsima
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC); Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang; Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - James R. Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application; Suranaree University of Technology; Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand
| | - Polbhat Tripuwabhrut
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| |
Collapse
|