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Li T, Zeng J, Pan Z, Hu F, Cai X, Wang X, Liu G, Hu X, Deng X, Gong M, Yang X, Gong Y, Li N, Li C. Development and internal validation of a clinical prediction model for osteopenia in Chinese middle-aged and elderly men: a prospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:394. [PMID: 38769526 PMCID: PMC11103995 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early identification of patients at risk of osteopenia is an essential step in reducing the population at risk for fractures. We aimed to develop and validate a prediction model for osteopenia in Chinese middle-aged and elderly men that provides individualized risk estimates. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, 1109 patients who attend regular physical examinations in the Second Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital were enrolled from 2015.03 to 2015.09. The baseline risk factors included dietary habits, exercise habits, medical histories and medication records. Osteopenia during follow-up were collected from Electronic Health Records (EHRs) and telephone interviews. Internal validation was conducted using bootstrapping to correct the optimism. The independent sample T-test analysis, Mann_Whitney U test, Chi-Square Test and multivariable Cox regression analysis were utilized to identify predictive factors for osteopenia in Chinese middle-aged and elderly men. A nomogram based on the seven variables was built for clinical use. Concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), decision curve analysis (DCA) and calibration curve were used to evaluate the efficiency of the nomogram. RESULTS The risk factors included in the prediction model were bone mineral density at left femoral neck (LNBMD), hemoglobin (Hb), serum albumin (ALB), postprandial blood glucose (PBG), fatty liver disease (FLD), smoking and tea consumption. The C-index for the risk nomogram was 0.773 in the prediction model, which presented good refinement. The AUC of the risk nomogram at different time points ranged from 0.785 to 0.817, exhibiting good predictive ability and performance. In addition, the DCA showed that the nomogram had a good clinical application value. The nomogram calibration curve indicated that the prediction model was consistent. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a novel nomogram and a web calculator that can effectively predict the 7-year incidence risk of osteopenia in Chinese middle-aged and elderly men. It is convenient for clinicians to prevent fragility fractures in the male population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Medical Centre & National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Medical Centre & National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zimo Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Medical Centre & National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Medical Centre & National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Medical Centre & National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjiang Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Medical Centre & National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guanzhong Liu
- Department of Radiology, the Second Medical Centre & National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghe Hu
- Department of Radiology, the Second Medical Centre & National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinli Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Medical Centre & National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meiliang Gong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Medical Centre & National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Outpatient, the Second Medical Centre & National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Medical Centre & National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Medical Centre & National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Medical Centre & National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Xie G, Huang C, Jiang S, Li H, Gao Y, Zhang T, Zhang Q, Pavel V, Rahmati M, Li Y. Smoking and osteoimmunology: Understanding the interplay between bone metabolism and immune homeostasis. J Orthop Translat 2024; 46:33-45. [PMID: 38765605 PMCID: PMC11101877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Smoking continues to pose a global threat to morbidity and mortality in populations. The detrimental impact of smoking on health and disease includes bone destruction and immune disruption in various diseases. Osteoimmunology, which explores the communication between bone metabolism and immune homeostasis, aims to reveal the interaction between the osteoimmune systems in disease development. Smoking impairs the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts in bone formation while promoting osteoclast differentiation in bone resorption. Furthermore, smoking stimulates the Th17 response to increase inflammatory and osteoclastogenic cytokines that promote the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) signaling in osteoclasts, thus exacerbating bone destruction in periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. The pro-inflammatory role of smoking is also evident in delayed bone fracture healing and osteoarthritis development. The osteoimmunological therapies are promising in treating periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis, but further research is still required to block the smoking-induced aggravation in these diseases. Translational potential This review summarizes the adverse effect of smoking on mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts and elucidates the smoking-induced exacerbation of periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis, bone fracture healing, and osteoarthritis from an osteoimmune perspective. We also propose the therapeutic potential of osteoimmunological therapies for bone destruction aggravated by smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyang Xie
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shide Jiang
- The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou, 425000, China
| | - Hengzhen Li
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yihan Gao
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wendeng Zhenggu Hospital of Shandong Province, Weihai, 264400, China
| | - Qidong Zhang
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Volotovski Pavel
- Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Minsk 220024, Belarus
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Yusheng Li
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
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Ríos S, González LG, Saez CG, Smith PC, Escobar LM, Martínez CE. L-PRF Secretome from Both Smokers/Nonsmokers Stimulates Angiogenesis and Osteoblast Differentiation In Vitro. Biomedicines 2024; 12:874. [PMID: 38672228 PMCID: PMC11048676 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) is part of the second generation of platelet-concentrates. L-PRF derived from nonsmokers has been used in surgical procedures, with its beneficial effects in wound healing being proven to stimulate biological activities such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and differentiation. Cigarette smoking exerts detrimental effects on tissue healing and is associated with post-surgical complications; however, evidence about the biological effects of L-PRF derived from smokers is limited. This study evaluated the impact of L-PRF secretome (LPRFS) derived from smokers and nonsmokers on angiogenesis and osteoblast differentiation. LPRFS was obtained by submerging L-PRF membranes derived from smokers or nonsmokers in culture media and was used to treat endothelial cells (HUVEC) or SaOs-2 cells. Angiogenesis was evaluated by tubule formation assay, while osteoblast differentiation was observed by alkaline phosphatase and osterix protein levels, as well as in vitro mineralization. LPRFS treatments increased angiogenesis, alkaline phosphatase, and osterix levels. Treatment with 50% of LPRFS derived from smokers and nonsmokers in the presence of osteogenic factors stimulates in vitro mineralization significantly. Nevertheless, differences between LPRFS derived from smokers and nonsmokers were not found. Both LPRFS stimulated angiogenesis and osteoblast differentiation in vitro; however, clinical studies are required to determine the beneficial effect of LPRFS in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ríos
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (S.R.); (P.C.S.)
| | - Lina Gabriela González
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia (L.M.E.)
| | - Claudia Gilda Saez
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
| | - Patricio Cristian Smith
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (S.R.); (P.C.S.)
| | - Lina M. Escobar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia (L.M.E.)
| | - Constanza Eugenia Martínez
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (S.R.); (P.C.S.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620086, Chile
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4
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Jiang Y, Yang K, Jia B, Gao Y, Chen Y, Chen P, Lu X, Zhang W, Wang X. Nicotine destructs dental stem cell-based periodontal tissue regeneration. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:231-245. [PMID: 38303843 PMCID: PMC10829564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Nicotine is a widely known addictive and toxic substance in cigarette that exacerbates periodontitis. However, its deleterious effects on dental stem cells and subsequent implications in tissue regeneration remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of nicotine on the regenerative capacity of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) based on transcriptomics and proteomics, and determined possible targeted genes associated with smoking-related periodontitis. Materials and methods hPDLSCs were treated with different concentrations of nicotine ranging from 10-3 to 10-8 M. Transcriptomics and proteomics were performed and confirmed employing Western blot, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. A ligature-induced periodontitis mouse model was established and administrated with nicotine (16.2 μg/10 μL) via gingival sulcus. The bone resorption was assessed by micro-computed tomography and histological staining. Key genes were identified using multi-omics analysis with verifications in hPDLSCs and human periodontal tissues. Results Based on enrichments analysis, nicotine-treated hPDLSCs exhibited decreased proliferation and differentiation abilities. Local administration of nicotine in mouse model significantly aggravated bone resorption and undermined periodontal tissue regeneration by inhibiting the endogenous dental stem cells regenerative ability. HMGCS1, GPNMB, and CHRNA7 were hub-genes according to the network analysis and corelated with proliferation and differentiation capabilities, which were also verified in both cells and tissues. Conclusion Our study investigated the destructive effects of nicotine on the regeneration of periodontal tissues from aspects of in vitro and in vivo with the supporting information from both transcriptome and proteome, providing novel targets into the molecular mechanisms of smoking-related periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuran Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kuan Yang
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Biomedical Science, Li Ka-shing School of Medicine, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yujiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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5
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Liu Y, Li X, Liu S, Du J, Xu J, Liu Y, Guo L. The changes and potential effects of zinc homeostasis in periodontitis microenvironment. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3063-3077. [PMID: 35996971 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is a very important and ubiquitous element, which is present in oral environment, daily diet, oral health products, dental restorative materials, and so on. However, there is a lack of attention to the role of both extracellular or intracellular zinc in the progression of periodontitis and periodontal regeneration. This review summarizes the characteristics of immunological microenvironment and host cells function in several key stages of periodontitis progression, and explores the regulatory effect of zinc during this process. We find multiple evidence indicate that zinc may be involved and play a key role in the stages of immune defense, inflammatory response and bone remodeling. Zinc supplementation in an appropriate dose range or regulation of zinc transport proteins can promote periodontal regeneration by either enhancing immune defense or up-regulating local cells proliferation and differentiation functions. Therefore, zinc homeostasis is essential in periodontal remodeling and regeneration. More attention is suggested to be focused on zinc homeostasis regulation and consider it as a potential strategy in the studies on periodontitis treatment, periodontal-guided tissue regeneration, implant material transformation, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyan Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junji Xu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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6
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Zhao M, Han Y, Yang Q, Yue Q, Zhang S, Zhao C, Sun X, Xu J, Jiang X, Li K, Li B, Zhao L, Su L. Evaluation of the Effects of e-Cigarette Aerosol Extracts and Tobacco Cigarette Smoke Extracts on RAW264.7 Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:29336-29345. [PMID: 37599962 PMCID: PMC10433514 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
With the advancement of society, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have gained popularity among a growing number of individuals. While numerous toxicological studies have suggested that e-cigarettes are a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes, there is also a body of literature presenting contrasting findings. This in vitro study aimed to compare the effects of e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes (t-cigarettes) on RAW264.7 cells by using four e-cigarette aerosol extracts (ECA) and cigarette smoking extracts (CS) containing different nicotine concentrations. The results revealed that low concentration of nicotine in CS as well as in ECA with grape, watermelon, and cola flavors could promote cell viability. Conversely, high nicotine concentration in CS and ECA with four flavors decreased cell viability. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that CS significantly reduced the phagocytic capability of RAW264.7 cells and increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to ECA. Overall, our findings indicate all four e-cigarettes induced less cytotoxicity to RAW264.7 cells and might be safer than t-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghan Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School
of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology,
Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School
of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology,
Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School
of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology,
Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Qiulin Yue
- State
Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School
of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology,
Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, P. R. China
- Shengshengxiangrong
(Shandong) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250000, P. R. China
| | - Song Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School
of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology,
Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School
of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology,
Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Xin Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School
of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology,
Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Shenzhen
RELX Tech. Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
| | - Xingtao Jiang
- Shenzhen
RELX Tech. Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
| | - Kunlun Li
- Shandong
Zhuoran Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250000, P. R. China
| | - Baojun Li
- Shandong
Zhuoran Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250000, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School
of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology,
Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, P. R. China
- Shandong
Chenzhang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Le Su
- State
Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School
of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology,
Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, P. R. China
- Shengshengxiangrong
(Shandong) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250000, P. R. China
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7
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He W, Fu Y, Yao S, Huang L. Programmed cell death of periodontal ligament cells. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1768-1787. [PMID: 37566596 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The periodontal ligament is a crucial tissue that provides support to the periodontium. Situated between the alveolar bone and the tooth root, it consists primarily of fibroblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and epithelial cell rests of Malassez. Fibroblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts are functionally differentiated cells, whereas PDLSCs are undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells. The dynamic development of these cells is intricately linked to periodontal changes and homeostasis. Notably, the regulation of programmed cell death facilitates the clearance of necrotic tissue and plays a pivotal role in immune response. However, it also potentially contributes to the loss of periodontal supporting tissues and root resorption. These findings have significant implications for understanding the occurrence and progression of periodontitis, as well as the mechanisms underlying orthodontic root resorption. Further, the regulation of periodontal ligament cell (PDLC) death is influenced by both systemic and local factors. This comprehensive review focuses on recent studies reporting the mechanisms of PDLC death and related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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8
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Alghamdi B, Jeon HH, Ni J, Qiu D, Liu A, Hong JJ, Ali M, Wang A, Troka M, Graves DT. Osteoimmunology in Periodontitis and Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:128-146. [PMID: 36862360 PMCID: PMC10696608 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the role of the immune cells and their interaction with cells found in gingiva, periodontal ligament, and bone that leads to net bone loss in periodontitis or bone remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement. RECENT FINDINGS Periodontal disease is one of the most common oral diseases causing inflammation in the soft and hard tissues of the periodontium and is initiated by bacteria that induce a host response. Although the innate and adaptive immune response function cooperatively to prevent bacterial dissemination, they also play a major role in gingival inflammation and destruction of the connective tissue, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone characteristic of periodontitis. The inflammatory response is triggered by bacteria or their products that bind to pattern recognition receptors that induce transcription factor activity to stimulate cytokine and chemokine expression. Epithelial, fibroblast/stromal, and resident leukocytes play a key role in initiating the host response and contribute to periodontal disease. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) experiments have added new insight into the roles of various cell types in the response to bacterial challenge. This response is modified by systemic conditions such as diabetes and smoking. In contrast to periodontitis, orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a sterile inflammatory response induced by mechanical force. Orthodontic force application stimulates acute inflammatory responses in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone stimulated by cytokines and chemokines that produce bone resorption on the compression side. On the tension side, orthodontic forces induce the production of osteogenic factors, stimulating new bone formation. A number of different cell types, cytokines, and signaling/pathways are involved in this complex process. Inflammatory and mechanical force-induced bone remodeling involves bone resorption and bone formation. The interaction of leukocytes with host stromal cells and osteoblastic cells plays a key role in both initiating the inflammatory events as well as inducing a cellular cascade that results in remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement or in tissue destruction in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Alghamdi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina, 42353, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hyeran Helen Jeon
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jia Ni
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxu Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Alyssia Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Julie J Hong
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Mamoon Ali
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Albert Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Michael Troka
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA.
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Zhou M, Graves DT. Impact of the host response and osteoblast lineage cells on periodontal disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:998244. [PMID: 36304447 PMCID: PMC9592920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.998244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis involves the loss of connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone. Single cell RNA-seq experiments have provided new insight into how resident cells and infiltrating immune cells function in response to bacterial challenge in periodontal tissues. Periodontal disease is induced by a combined innate and adaptive immune response to bacterial dysbiosis that is initiated by resident cells including epithelial cells and fibroblasts, which recruit immune cells. Chemokines and cytokines stimulate recruitment of osteoclast precursors and osteoclastogenesis in response to TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, RANKL and other factors. Inflammation also suppresses coupled bone formation to limit repair of osteolytic lesions. Bone lining cells, osteocytes and periodontal ligament cells play a key role in both processes. The periodontal ligament contains cells that exhibit similarities to tendon cells, osteoblast-lineage cells and mesenchymal stem cells. Bone lining cells consisting of mesenchymal stem cells, osteoprogenitors and osteoblasts are influenced by osteocytes and stimulate formation of osteoclast precursors through MCSF and RANKL, which directly induce osteoclastogenesis. Following bone resorption, factors are released from resorbed bone matrix and by osteoclasts and osteal macrophages that recruit osteoblast precursors to the resorbed bone surface. Osteoblast differentiation and coupled bone formation are regulated by multiple signaling pathways including Wnt, Notch, FGF, IGF-1, BMP, and Hedgehog pathways. Diabetes, cigarette smoking and aging enhance the pathologic processes to increase bone resorption and inhibit coupled bone formation to accelerate bone loss. Other bone pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis, post-menopausal osteoporosis and bone unloading/disuse also affect osteoblast lineage cells and participate in formation of osteolytic lesions by promoting bone resorption and inhibiting coupled bone formation. Thus, periodontitis involves the activation of an inflammatory response that involves a large number of cells to stimulate bone resorption and limit osseous repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dana T. Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Dana T. Graves,
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Kanithi M, Junapudi S, Shah SI, Matta Reddy A, Ullah G, Chidipi B. Alterations of Mitochondrial Network by Cigarette Smoking and E-Cigarette Vaping. Cells 2022; 11:1688. [PMID: 35626724 PMCID: PMC9139349 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxins present in cigarette and e-cigarette smoke constitute a significant cause of illnesses and are known to have fatal health impacts. Specific mechanisms by which toxins present in smoke impair cell repair are still being researched and are of prime interest for developing more effective treatments. Current literature suggests toxins present in cigarette smoke and aerosolized e-vapor trigger abnormal intercellular responses, damage mitochondrial function, and consequently disrupt the homeostasis of the organelle's biochemical processes by increasing reactive oxidative species. Increased oxidative stress sets off a cascade of molecular events, disrupting optimal mitochondrial morphology and homeostasis. Furthermore, smoking-induced oxidative stress may also amalgamate with other health factors to contribute to various pathophysiological processes. An increasing number of studies show that toxins may affect mitochondria even through exposure to secondhand or thirdhand smoke. This review assesses the impact of toxins present in tobacco smoke and e-vapor on mitochondrial health, networking, and critical structural processes, including mitochondria fission, fusion, hyper-fusion, fragmentation, and mitophagy. The efforts are focused on discussing current evidence linking toxins present in first, second, and thirdhand smoke to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Kanithi
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Sunil Junapudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Geethanjali College of Pharmacy, Cherryal, Keesara, Medchalmalkajgiri District, Hyderabad 501301, India;
| | | | - Alavala Matta Reddy
- Department of Zoology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Adikavi Nannaya University, Rajahmundry 533296, India;
| | - Ghanim Ullah
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
| | - Bojjibabu Chidipi
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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