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Okkesim A, Misirlioglu M. Assessing masseter muscle volume and activity in relation to craniofacial morphology: a 3D CBCT study. Oral Radiol 2024:10.1007/s11282-024-00772-4. [PMID: 39225918 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-024-00772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTIONS Understanding the factors influencing craniofacial structure growth is crucial for addressing craniofacial deformities. This study evaluates masseter muscle volume, activity, and maximum bite force across different skeletal malocclusion groups and aims to evaluate the masseter muscle volume, activity, and maximum bite force (BF) according to different skeletal malocclusion groups. METHODS This study aimed to assess masseter muscle volume, activity, and maximum bite force (BF) across different skeletal malocclusion groups in 60 young adults (18-30 years) seeking treatment at Kirikkale University Faculty of Dentistry. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging, radiological measurements, surface electromyography (sEMG), and force sensor measurements were employed. RESULTS Results revealed significant differences in sEMG measurements based on sagittal classification. Vertical direction groups showed notable results in muscle volume and BF, though no significant differences were observed in sEMG values. A correlation was identified between BF and sEMG, but no correlation was found between muscle volume and other parameters. CONCLUSIONS The findings obtained in this study suggest that the significant relationship between EMG and sagittal skeletal classification could be a valuable diagnostic tool. However, concerns about reliability were raised due to uneven distribution in muscle volume and BF among vertical direction groups. The lack of significant results in muscle volume, sEMG, and BF was attributed to CBCT limitations in soft tissue imaging and the small sample size, emphasizing caution in interpreting the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alime Okkesim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Nevşehir, Turkey.
| | - Melda Misirlioglu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
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Yang X, Piao Z, Liu Y, Chen L, Huang L. Changes in 3-Dimensional Measurements of Masseter Muscle After Orthognathic Surgery in Patients with Facial Asymmetry. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024:10.1007/s00266-024-04309-2. [PMID: 39187590 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-04309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate morphological and volumetric changes in the masseter muscle using 3-dimensional analysis of facial asymmetry patients and to identify factors influencing these changes before and after orthognathic surgery. METHODS [Reviewer1 (2)]A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted on twenty-two patients with deviation of the chin > 4 mm. Masseter muscle volume and morphology were measured at different periods during long-term follow-up (mean 15 ± 3.2 months). Factors related to changes in masseter muscle cross-sectional area and volume analyzed were also analyzed. RESULTS [Reviewer1 (2) and (9)]The volume and cross-sectional area of the masseter muscle on the non-deviated side reduced by 13.5% (P < 0.05) and 16.4% (P < 0.05), respectively, after orthognathic surgery. The length of the masseter muscle increased by 13.9% on the deviated side (P < .05) but decreased by 11.7% on the non-deviated side (P < 0.05). The width decreased on the deviated side from T1 to T2 (13.51 ± 2.09 mm vs. 12.04 ± 1.39 mm), but the non-deviated side showed an opposite tendency (10.81 ± 1.31 mm vs. 12.69 ± 2.37 mm). The difference in masseter muscle length and width between the two sides significantly reduced after surgery (P < 0.05). There was a noticeable decrease in the asymmetry in the muscle in proportion to the degree of the occlusal plane angle. CONCLUSION Masseter muscle asymmetry exists in patients with facial asymmetry, but it could be improved with maxilla-mandible correction. Atrophy of the masseter muscle after orthognathic surgery was greater in patients with a large inclined occlusal plane angle due to improved dental compensation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Zhengguo Piao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yaoran Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Lunqiu Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Luo Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, NO.39 Huangsha Avenue, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
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Janssen A, Buschang PH, Tadlock LP, Kesterke MJ, Jing Y. The effects of dietary loading on the transdifferentiation of condylar chondrocytes. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2024; 165:697-710. [PMID: 38573296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transdifferentiation of chondrocytes into bone cells explains most condylar growth during prenatal and early postnatal stages, but the mechanisms regulating chondrocyte transdifferentiation during late postnatal growth remain unknown. This study aimed to quantify the effects of dietary loading on chondrocyte-derived osteogenesis during late postnatal condylar growth. METHODS Two compound mouse lines were used to trace the fate of chondrocyte lineage in vivo. Twelve 3-week-old male Aggrecan-CreERT2 (AcanLineage); R26RTdTomato; 2.3 Col10a1-GFP and twelve 3-week-old male Col10a1-Cre (Col10a1Lineage); R26RTdTomato; 2.3Col1a1-GFP were randomly divided into experimental (soft-food diet, n = 6) and control (hard-food diet, n = 6) groups and kept for 6 weeks. One time, tamoxifen injections were given to AcanLineage mice at 3 weeks. Radiographic, microcomputed tomographic, and histomorphometric analyses were performed. RESULTS Radiologic analysis showed that mice with a soft-food diet had smaller mandible lengths as well as decreased bone volume and density for their condylar process. Histologically, mice with soft diets had reduced activity in chondrocyte proliferation and maturation compared with the controls. Cell lineage tracing results showed the number of AcanLineage-derived bone cells (293.8 ± 39.8 vs 207.1 ± 44.6; P = 0.005), as well as total bone cells (445.6 ± 31.7 vs 360.7 ± 46.9; P = 0.004), was significantly higher in the hard-diet group than in the soft-diet group, whereas the number of non-AcanLineage-derived bone cells was not significantly different among groups (P = 0.938). Col10a1Lineage mice showed the same trend. CONCLUSIONS Dietary loading directly affects condyle chondrogenesis and chondrocyte transdifferentiation, which alters the extent of condylar growth and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey Janssen
- Department of Orthodontics, Texas A&M School of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex
| | - Peter H Buschang
- Department of Orthodontics, Texas A&M School of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex
| | - Larry P Tadlock
- Department of Orthodontics, Texas A&M School of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex
| | | | - Yan Jing
- Department of Orthodontics, Texas A&M School of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex.
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Peng SP, Lin CH, Chen YA, Ko EWC. Three-dimensional facial soft-tissue changes after surgical orthodontics in different vertical facial types of skeletal Class III malocclusion: A retrospective study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2024; 52:522-531. [PMID: 38378366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The study compared the soft-tissue response to hard-tissue movement among different Class III vertical facial types after orthognathic surgery (OGS). The study included 90 consecutive adult patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion who underwent two-jaw OGS. Patients were divided into three groups (high, medium, and low angle) based on the presurgical Frankfort-mandibular plane angle. Cone-beam computerized tomographs were taken before surgery and after debonding. Soft- and hard-tissue linear and angular measurements were performed using three-dimensional reconstruction images. One-way analysis of variance was used for intergroup comparisons. Soft tissue tended to respond more to hard-tissue movement in the lower lip area in patients with low angle (mean = 0.089, SD = 0.047, p = 0.023), whereas no significant difference was observed for other sites. Consistently, L1/Li thickness increased most significantly in the high-angle group (mean = 1.98, SD = 2.14, p = 0.0001), and B/Si thickness decreased most significantly after surgery (mean = 2.16, SD = 2.68, p = 0.016). The findings suggest that the high-angle group had a higher chance of undergoing genioplasty to enhance chin contour. Different OGS plans should be considered for different Class III vertical facial types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Pey Peng
- Department of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Craniofacial and Dental Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hui Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ying-An Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ellen Wen-Ching Ko
- Graduate Institute of Craniofacial and Dental Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Department of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Gao J, Jiang L, Zhao B. Median mandibular flexure-the unique physiological phenomenon of the mandible and its clinical significance in implant restoration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1238181. [PMID: 37744259 PMCID: PMC10513439 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1238181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mandibular flexure, characterized by unique biomechanical behaviors such as elastic bending and torsion under functional loading, has emerged as a crucial factor in oral clinical diagnosis and treatment. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current research status on mandibular flexure, drawing insights from relevant studies retrieved from the PubMed database (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed), including research conclusions, literature reviews, case reports, and authoritative reference books. This paper thoroughly explores the physiological mechanisms underlying mandibular flexure, discussing different concurrent deformation types and the essential factors influencing this process. Moreover, it explores the profound implications of mandibular flexure on clinical aspects such as bone absorption around dental implants, the precision of prosthesis fabrication, and the selection and design of superstructure materials. Based on the empirical findings, this review provides crucial clinical recommendations. Specifically, it is recommended to exert precise control over the patients mouth opening during impression-taking. Those with a high elastic modulus or bone-tissue-like properties should be prioritized when selecting superstructure materials. Moreover, this review underscores the significance of customizing framework design to accommodate individual variations in facial morphology and occlusal habits. Future research endeavors in this field have the potential to advance clinical diagnosis and treatment approaches, providing opportunities for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Baohong Zhao
- Center of Implantology School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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Yoon YJ, Kang JY, Kim KH, Cha JY, Ahn HJ, Choi YJ. Correlation of masticatory muscle activity and occlusal function with craniofacial morphology: a prospective cohort study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5367-5376. [PMID: 37468596 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Masticatory function, including masticatory muscle activity and occlusal function, can be affected by craniofacial morphology. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between craniofacial morphology and masticatory function in participants who had completed orthodontic treatment at least two years before and had stable occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourty-two healthy participants were prospectively enrolled and divided into three vertical cephalometric groups according to the mandibular plane angle. Masticatory muscle activity (MMA) in the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles was assessed using surface electromyography. The occlusal contact area (OCA) and occlusal force (OF), defined as occlusal function in this study, were evaluated using occlusal pressure mapping system. Masticatory muscle efficiency (MME) was calculated by dividing MMA by OF. The craniofacial morphology was analyzed using a lateral cephalogram. The masticatory function was compared using one-way analysis of variance. Pearson correlations were used to assess relationships between craniofacial morphology and masticatory function. RESULTS The hypodivergent group had the lowest MMAand the highest MME in the masseter (167.32 ± 74.92 µV and 0.14 ± 0.06 µV/N, respectively) and anterior temporalis muscles (0.18 ± 0.08 µV/N, p < 0.05). MMA in the masseter showed a positive relationship with mandibular plane angle (r = 0.358), whereas OCA (r = -0.422) and OF (r = -0.383) demonstrated a negative relationship (p < 0.05). The anterior temporalis muscle activity negatively correlated with ramus height (r = -0.364, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Vertical craniofacial morphology was related to masticatory function. Hypodivergent individuals may have low MMA and high occlusal function, resulting in good masticatory muscle efficiency. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hypodivergent individuals require careful consideration in orthodontic diagnosis and prosthetic treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jung Yoon
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kang
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jung-Yul Cha
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Ahn
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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Decaup PH, Couture C, Garot E. Is the distribution of cortical bone in the mandibular corpus and symphysis linked to loading environment in modern humans? A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 152:105718. [PMID: 37182318 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The human mandible is a unique bone with specific external and internal morphological characteristics, influenced by a complex and challenging loading environment. Mandibular cortical thickness distribution in cross-sections is reported to be related to facial divergence patterns, cultural and dietary habits and more generally, specific loading environment. This review hypothesises that a process of environmental mechanical sensitivity is involved in the distribution of cortical bone in the mandibular corpus and symphysis in modern humans, and that loading regimes can influence this distribution pattern. Based on a review of the recent literature, this study aims to answer the following question: "Is the distribution of cortical bone in the mandibular corpus and symphysis linked to the loading environment in modern humans?" DESIGN A systematic review was undertaken using the PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases for publications from 1984 to 2022 investigating the relationship between cortical bone distribution in the mandibular corpus and the loading environment. A subgroup meta-analysis was performed to determine the overall effect of facial divergence on cortical thickness. RESULTS From a total of 2791 studies, 20 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The meta-analyses were performed in eight studies using a randomised model, finding a significant overall effect of facial divergence on cortical thickness in posterior areas of the mandible (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this review, specific loading regimes and their consequent variables (diet, culture, facial divergence) were linked to cortical thickness distribution. Sex was found to be unrelated to cortical thickness pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Hadrien Decaup
- Université de Bordeaux, PACEA, UMR 5199, Pessac, France; Université de Bordeaux, UFR des Sciences Odontologiques, Bordeaux, France.
| | | | - Elsa Garot
- Université de Bordeaux, PACEA, UMR 5199, Pessac, France; Université de Bordeaux, UFR des Sciences Odontologiques, Bordeaux, France
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Rusu MC, Mănoiu VS, Nicolescu MI. Pennate myofibrils of the rat temporal muscle. Ann Anat 2023; 249:152096. [PMID: 37011827 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The force a muscle exerts is partly determined by anatomical parameters, such as its physiological cross-section. The temporal muscle is structurally heterogeneous. To the authors' knowledge, the ultrastructure of this muscle has been poorly specifically studied. METHODS Five adult Wistar rats weighting 350-400g were used as temporal muscle donors. Tissues were specifically processed and studied under transmission electron microscope. RESULTS On ultrathin cuts, the general ultrastructural pattern of striated muscles was observed. Moreover, pennate sarcomeres were identified, sharing a one-end insertion on the same Z-disc. Bipennate morphologies resulted when two neighbor sarcomeres, attached on different neighbor Z-discs and separated at that end by a triad, converged to the same Z-disc at the opposite ends, thus building a thicker myofibril distinctively flanked by triads. Tripennate morphologies were identified when sarcomeres from three different Z-discs converged to the same Z-disc at the opposite ends. CONCLUSIONS These results support recent evidence of sarcomeres branching gathered in mice. Adequate identification of the sites of excitation-contraction coupling should be on both sides of a myofibril, on bidimensional ultrathin cuts, to avoid false positive results due to putative longitudinal folds of myofibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugurel Constantin Rusu
- Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Vasile Sorin Mănoiu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihnea Ioan Nicolescu
- Division of Histology and Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Radiobiology Laboratory, "Victor Babeș" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
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Correlation of radiomorphometric indices of the mandible and mandibular angle fractures. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10549. [PMID: 36132178 PMCID: PMC9483591 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the correlation of radiomorphometric indices of the mandible and mandibular angle fractures (MAFs) in an Iranian population. This retrospective study was conducted on 3D computed tomography (CT) scans of 118 patients between 18 to 60 years. The images were divided into two groups with MAFs and other types of mandibular fractures (non-MAF). The gonial angle, ramus height, condylar neck width, minimum ramus width, and mandibular length were all measured using MARCO PACS software. Age, gender, and presence and eruption status of third molar at the fracture side were all recorded. The correlation between these parameters and MAF was analyzed using R software (alpha = 0.05). Of all patients, 41 samples had MAF. The two groups were not significantly different regarding the mean age and gender (P > 0.05). The mean size of gonial angle and ramus height in the MAF group were significantly larger, and smaller than the corresponding values in the non-MAF group, respectively (P < 0.001). The median minimum ramus width in the MAF group was significantly smaller than that in the non-MAF group (P = 0.001). Patients with a large gonial angle had 6.6 times higher odds of MAF compared with other fracture types (P = 0.046). Condylar neck width, mandibular length, and erupted third molars had no significant correlation with type of fracture. Presence of impacted third molar increased the odds of MAF by 5.55 times. Patients with a large gonial angle, short ramus height, minimum ramus width, and impacted third molar are more susceptible to MAF. Surgeons can use these indices to predict the risk of MAF in trauma patients with such facial characteristics, and make a diagnosis by radiographic modalities.
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Substantial Improvements in Facial Morphology through Surgical-Orthodontic Treatment: A Case Report and Literature Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58081043. [PMID: 36013510 PMCID: PMC9416119 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58081043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The long face type is associated with excessive vertical facial growth and most often with anterior open bite. In many cases of anterior open bite of high severity associated with bimaxillary dento-alveolar protrusion, lips are unable to form an adequate seal at rest. This leads to many issues, including facial dysmorphism. The aim of this study was to describe the case of a 15 year old girl who addressed the orthodontist in November 2015, having complaints related to the skeletal and dental open bite. Case Description: A 15.7 year old patient required a consultation with the orthodontic service for impaired dento-facial aesthetics at rest, smile and speech due to an exaggerated superior protrusion of the upper frontal teeth, labial incompetence with excessive gingival exposure at rest and smile associated with upper and lower anterior teeth crowding. The orthodontic diagnostic consisted of skeletal open bite with a hyperleptoprosop morphological facial type, high degree of hyperdivergence, bimaxillary dento-alveolar protrusion, 7 mm skeletal open-bite, 3 mm vertical inocclusion of the anterior teeth, skeletal class II relationships, bilateral half cusp class II molar and canine relationships, labial incompetence, highly increased interlabial gap, facial asymmetry, excessive gingival exposure of 7 mm at smiling and bimaxillary anterior crowding. Because the patient initially refused orthognathic surgery, prior to starting the orthodontic treatment, the patient was recommended to receive a bilateral extraction of the first upper premolars. Key objectives of pre-surgical orthodontic treatment were to achieve a retroclined position of the upper incisors under their normal inclination for the planned upward maxillary rotation, to maintain slightly lower incisor proclination. The orthognathic surgery consisted of Le Fort I impaction osteotomy with 8 mm anterior impactation, bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, and mandibular repositioning using occlusal splint. Conclusions: At the end of the orthodontic-surgical treatment, the patient presented significant improvement in dento-facial aesthetics, and optimal skeletal, muscular and dental balance.
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A Contemporary Approach to Non-Invasive 3D Determination of Individual Masticatory Muscle Forces: A Proof of Concept. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081273. [PMID: 36013222 PMCID: PMC9409695 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the demand for three-dimensional (3D) patient-specific (PS) modelling and simulations has increased considerably; they are now widely available and generally accepted as part of patient care. However, the patient specificity of current PS designs is often limited to this patient-matched fit and lacks individual mechanical aspects, or parameters, that conform to the specific patient’s needs in terms of biomechanical acceptance. Most biomechanical models of the mandible, e.g., finite element analyses (FEA), often used to design reconstructive implants or total joint replacement devices for the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), make use of a literature-based (mean) simplified muscular model of the masticatory muscles. A muscle’s cross-section seems proportionally related to its maximum contractile force and can be multiplied by an intrinsic strength constant, which previously has been calculated to be a constant of 37 [N/cm2]. Here, we propose a contemporary method to determine the patient-specific intrinsic strength value of the elevator mouth-closing muscles. The hypothesis is that patient-specific individual mandible elevator muscle forces can be approximated in a non-invasive manner. MRI muscle delineation was combined with bite force measurements and 3D-FEA to determine PS intrinsic strength values. The subject-specific intrinsic strength values were 40.6 [N/cm2] and 25.6 [N/cm2] for the 29- and 56-year-old subjects, respectively. Despite using a small cohort in this proof of concept study, we show that there is great variation between our subjects’ individual muscular intrinsic strength. This variation, together with the difference between our individual results and those presented in the literature, emphasises the value of our patient-specific muscle modelling and intrinsic strength determination protocol to ensure accurate biomechanical analyses and simulations. Furthermore, it suggests that average muscular models may only be sufficiently accurate for biomechanical analyses at a macro-scale level. A future larger cohort study will put the patient-specific intrinsic strength values in perspective.
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Wong A, Woods MG, Stella D. Three-dimensional computed tomographic assessment of mandibular muscles in growing subjects with different vertical facial patterns. AUSTRALASIAN ORTHODONTIC JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.21307/aoj-2020-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
The present study was undertaken to assess the relationship between the mandibular muscles and dentofacial skeletal morphology in children with different underlying vertical facial patterns, using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT).
Method
Thirty children (mean age 12.24 ± 1.57 years) underwent cranial CT examination for diagnostic purposes. 3D-CT images were reconstructed for the evaluation of the cross-sectional size, volume, and spatial orientation of the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles. These muscle parameters were also assessed in relation to the vertical facial pattern, gender and skeleto-dental form.
Results
Significant differences were found in muscular angulation for subjects with different underlying patterns. Greater masseter volumes were associated with increased facial width. Greater intermolar widths were found in brachyfacial subjects, with less acute muscular angulations in relation to horizontal reference lines, compared with dolichofacial subjects. This was also more obvious in the maxillary arch.
Conclusion
Clinicians should note the likely differences in masseter and medial pterygoid orientation and volume in subjects with different underlying vertical facial patterns and that these differences may, in turn, be related to both facial skeletal width and naturally-occurring transverse dental arch dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwyn Wong
- * Orthodontic Unit , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Michael G. Woods
- † Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Melbourne Health and the Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Damien Stella
- + Department of Radiology , Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
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Orassi V, Duda GN, Heiland M, Fischer H, Rendenbach C, Checa S. Biomechanical Assessment of the Validity of Sheep as a Preclinical Model for Testing Mandibular Fracture Fixation Devices. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:672176. [PMID: 34026745 PMCID: PMC8134672 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.672176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular fracture fixation and reconstruction are usually performed using titanium plates and screws, however, there is a need to improve current fixation techniques. Animal models represent an important step for the testing of new designs and materials. However, the validity of those preclinical models in terms of implant biomechanics remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigate the biomechanics of the sheep mandible as a preclinical model for testing the mechanical strength of fixation devices and the biomechanical environment induced on mandibular fractures. We aimed to assess the comparability of the biomechanical conditions in the sheep mandible as a preclinical model for human applications of fracture fixation devices and empower analyses of the effect of such defined mechanical conditions on bone healing outcome. We developed 3D finite element models of the human and sheep mandibles simulating physiological muscular loads and three different clenching tasks (intercuspal, incisal, and unilateral). Furthermore, we simulated fractures in the human mandibular body, sheep mandibular body, and sheep mandibular diastema fixated with clinically used titanium miniplates and screws. We compared, at the power stroke of mastication, the biomechanical environment (1) in the healthy mandibular body and (2) at the fracture sites, and (3) the mechanical solicitation of the implants as well as the mechanical conditions for bone healing in such cases. In the healthy mandibles, the sheep mandibular body showed lower mechanical strains compared to the human mandibular body. In the fractured mandibles, strains within a fracture gap in sheep were generally not comparable to humans, while similar or lower mechanical solicitation of the fixation devices was found between the human mandibular body fracture and the sheep mandibular diastema fracture scenarios. We, therefore, conclude that the mechanical environments of mandibular fractures in humans and sheep differ and our analyses suggest that the sheep mandibular bone should be carefully re-considered as a model system to study the effect of fixation devices on the healing outcome. In our analyses, the sheep mandibular diastema showed similar mechanical conditions for fracture fixation devices to those in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Orassi
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Heiland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heilwig Fischer
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Rendenbach
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Checa
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Beaini TL, Miamoto P, Duailibi-Neto EF, Tedeschi-Oliveira SV, Chilvarquer I, Melani RFH. Facial soft tissue depth measurements in cone-beam computed tomography: A study of a Brazilian sample. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2021; 50:101866. [PMID: 33667933 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Forensic facial reconstruction (approximation) (FFR) is an aid to human identification when no presumed identity is available. It is based on average soft tissue thickness (STT) applied onto a skull. These averages vary at each landmark according to sex, ancestry, and Facial Growth Patterns (FGP). To obtain the reference, there are different protocols and conditions, such as needles in cadavers, ultrasound, magnetic resonance, and computer tomography. Using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), landmark placement and direction of measurement are critical. The purpose of this article is to detailly describe a method for STT measurement in CBCT DICOM files and to test it in the analysis of a multi-ancestral Brazilian sample, subdivided into sex, age and FGP. A sample of 100 (50 male and 50 female) CBCT exams were selected and the volume was primarily been repositioned to cephalometric standards. A detailed description of the location and measurement direction of 32 landmarks was provided and granted good reproducibility of the measurements. The averages were assessed by sex, age, and FGP. There were significant differences between males and females. The CBCT measuring protocol provided standardization of measurements and is a method to be used in future researches. Advantages of CBCT, such as the subject's upright position and adjustable volume positioning, also justify its usage. Limited differences of STT were related to age and FGP. The updated Brazilian soft tissue thickness chart is a reliable source of data for forensic and clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago L Beaini
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Uberlândia Federal University, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Miamoto
- Instituto Geral de Perícias de Santa Catarina (IGP/SC), Brazil
| | | | | | - Israel Chilvarquer
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo F Haltenhoff Melani
- Department of Social Dentistry, Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology and Odontology (OFLAB), University of São Paulo Dental School - FOUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Choi SH, Lee H, Hwang JJ, Jung HD, Hwang CJ, Cha JY. Differences in soft-tissue thickness changes after bimaxillary surgery between patients with vertically high angle and normal angle. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020; 159:30-40. [PMID: 33127204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We evaluated soft-tissue thickness changes after bimaxillary surgery according to vertical facial patterns in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion with mandibular prognathism. METHODS Forty-three Korean patients (16 men and 27 women; mean age, 22.6 ± 4.1 years) with skeletal Class III malocclusion who underwent bimaxillary surgery were divided into 2 groups: normal-angle group (N group) and high-angle group (H group), on the basis of the presurgical angle of the mandibular plane relative to the sella-nasion plane (SN-MP). Changes in hard-tissue landmarks and soft-tissue thickness before and after surgery were analyzed from reconstructed 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography images. Postoperative soft-tissue thickness in both groups was compared with that in 40 patients with normal skeletal Class I malocclusion in the reference group. RESULTS Group N (27°-37°) and group H (>37°) did not differ significantly in terms of sex and age before surgery. Preoperative pogonion (Pog) thickness was significantly less in group H (9.7 ± 1.6 mm) than in group N (10.8 ± 1.9 mm) (P = 0.042). Adjusted multiple linear regression analysis showed a weak positive linear relationship between the SN-MP before surgery and soft-tissue Pog thickness change (R2 of 0.361; P = 0.001) after surgery, but the area below the lower lips was not completely normalized despite surgery. CONCLUSIONS The thickness of the soft-tissue Pog may increase slightly after surgery in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion with a higher preoperative mandibular plane angle, but normalization in the area cannot be completely achieved despite surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hwan Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, and BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyemin Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Joon Hwang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hwi-Dong Jung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chung-Ju Hwang
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Yul Cha
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, and BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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16
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Lo Giudice A, Ronsivalle V, Lagravere M, Leonardi R, Martina S, Isola G. Transverse dentoalveolar response of mandibular arch after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) with tooth-borne and bone-borne appliances. Angle Orthod 2020; 90:680-687. [PMID: 33378488 PMCID: PMC8032272 DOI: 10.2319/042520-353.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess and compare spontaneous expansion of mandibular posterior teeth between tooth-borne (TB) and bone-borne (BB) rapid maxillary expansion (RME). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 36 adolescents with bilateral maxillary crossbite receiving tooth-borne (average age: 14.4 ± 1.3 years) or bone-borne (average age: 14.7 ± 1.4 years) maxillary expansion. Cone beam computed tomography was acquired before expansion (T1) and after 6 months' retention (T2). Specific linear and angular measurements were performed in the coronal view to assess buccal inclinations and widths of mandibular posterior units. All data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS In both groups there was a significant increase in buccal-lingual inclination of mandibular posterior teeth ranging from 1.67° to 2.30° in the TB group and from 1.46° to 2.11° in BB group. Mandibular posterior widths showed an increase ranging from 0.80 mm to 1.33 mm in TB group and from 0.64 mm to 0.96 mm in the BB group. No differences between groups were found for linear or angular measurements. CONCLUSIONS A clinically significant gain of space in the mandibular arch should not be expected after RME.
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17
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The Influence of Mandibular Gonial Angle on Fracture Site. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 78:1366-1371. [PMID: 32275898 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The mandibular angle is influenced by multiple codependent morphologic dynamic factors, such as osseous anatomy, forces exerted by the muscles of mastication, occlusal loading patterns, and anatomic structures. These factors can influence the presence of a fracture in this area. Our research aimed to investigate a potential correlation between the risk of angle fractures and age, gender, fracture etiology, gonial angle size, presence of mandibular third molars, or presence of occlusal support. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study was composed of patients treated for mandibular fractures between 2007 and 2018. The primary predictor variable was the gonial angle, and the primary outcome variable was the fracture site. Other study variables included demographic data, fracture etiology, third molar status, and presence of occlusal support. Appropriate univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistics were applied, and statistical significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS Of 332 isolated mandibular fractures included, 109 were angle fractures; 165, condylar; and 58, body or symphysis. The mean age of patients with angle fractures was 25.5 years, compared with 31.3 years and 32.7 years for those with condylar fractures and body or symphysis fractures, respectively. The mean gonial angle was 125.4° in patients with angle fractures compared with 120.9° and 120.2° in those with condylar fractures and body or symphysis fractures, respectively. The variables that were found predictive of angle fractures were a wider gonial angle and the presence of third molars. CONCLUSIONS Third molars and the gonial angle are predictors of the location of mandibular fractures. Wide gonial angles and the presence of third molars are predictors of mandibular angle fractures.
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18
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Evaluation of condylar cortical bone thickness in patient groups with different vertical facial dimensions using cone-beam computed tomography. Odontology 2020; 108:669-675. [PMID: 32236830 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate through computed tomography differences in cortical plate thickness of condyle in patients with a different facial vertical skeletal pattern. The final sample of this retrospective study included CBCT exams of 60 adult subjects (mean age 33.2 ± 5.6), selected from the digital archive of a private practice. The subjects were assigned to 3 different groups according to the values of the Frankfurt-mandibular plane angle: hyper-, normo-, and hypodivergent groups. The volume rendering of the mandible was obtained and three condylar points were marked on it: median pole, lateral pole and the most cranial point. For each considered reference point, the minimum distance between external and internal cortical surface was measured, obtaining three different outcomes: condylar cortical bone thickness of median pole (CCBToMP), lateral pole (CCBToLP) and cranial pole (CCBToCP). The measurements were executed by means of Mimics software by the same expert operator in specific scan views. The cortical bone thickness of hyperdivergent patients was found to be statistically thicker than normodivergent patients and hypodivergent patients. Cortical bone thickness of normodivergent patients was found thicker than hypodivergent patients. All the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The Pearson correlation coefficient showed a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.001) between the Frankfurt-mandibular plane angle and the evaluated cortical bone thickness outcomes. Facial biotype characteristics that define vertical facial skeletal pattern affect the cortical bone thickness of mandibular condyle.
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19
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Ebadian B, Abolhasani M, Heidarpour A, Ziaei M, Jowkar M. Assessment of the relationship between maximum occlusal force and median mandibular flexure in adults: A clinical trial study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2020; 20:76-82. [PMID: 32089602 PMCID: PMC7008623 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_282_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The narrowing of the mandible during opening and protrusion movements is defined as median mandibular flexure (MMF). MMF is caused by the attachment of mandibular muscles; therefore, it can be assumed that a greater amount of maximum occlusal force (MOF) may cause more flexion and could affect the survival of dental and implant restorations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate any relationship between MOF and MMF in a sample of adults. Settings and Design: In vivo – comparative study. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional, nondirectional study, a sample of 90 volunteers were recruited (45 men and 45 women). MOF was measured by applying the strain gauge receptor to the first molar region, and MMF was measured by calculating the variation in the intermolar distance by a digital caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm using an impression and resulted in the stone cast during the maximum opening and closed-jaw positions. The body mass index (BMI) also was calculated. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using the SPSS software (version 23) inferential and descriptive statistics, linear regression, and Pearson correlation coefficient. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was no statistically significant relationship between MOF and MMF (P = 0.78), but there was a significant association between MOF and BMI (P < 0.001, r = 0.475) and gender. Conclusion: Although MOF and MMF are both important and effective factors in the success of prosthetic restorations, one cannot be expected by the other and both should be considered in the treatment plan separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Ebadian
- Dental Implants Research Center, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Abolhasani
- Dental Implants Research Center, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Anahita Heidarpour
- Dental Students' Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ziaei
- Dental Students' Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jowkar
- Dental Students' Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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20
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Laird MF, Ross CF, O'Higgins P. Jaw kinematics and mandibular morphology in humans. J Hum Evol 2020; 139:102639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Chen T, Liu Z, Xue C, Tian W, Bai D, Chen YP. Association of Dysplastic Coronoid Process with Long-Face Morphology. J Dent Res 2019; 99:339-348. [PMID: 31826728 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519892551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertical malocclusion is a developmental condition, resulting from complex interactions among multiple etiological factors during the growth period. As a tricky dentofacial deformity clinically, long-face (LF) morphology is characterized by excessive vertical facial growth with severe disarrangement of jaws and teeth. Since the improvement of LF patients on facial profile and occlusion is often difficult and lacks long-term stability, it becomes important to unravel the etiology of LF pattern formation for early prevention and treatment. In the current studies, we identified a transgenic mouse model that exhibited a dysplastic coronoid process and LF morphology. Although the mutant mice exhibited jaw structures and occlusion comparable to controls at birth, they all acquired typical LF morphology with anterior open bite during postnatal growth, resembling clinical features of the selected skeletal class III patients. Since the coronoid process provides an insertion site for the temporalis attachment, we examined the initial development and differentiation of the temporalis and found identical results in both control and mutant mice before E17.5 when the temporal muscle makes attachment to the coronoid process. However, thereafter, we observed altered orientation and reduced size of the cross-sectional area of the temporalis in mutant mice, which persisted to the weaning stage. Biomechanical analysis and simulation modeling further support the idea that altered morphology of the coronoid process may impair the efficiency of the vertical temporalis contraction and appears to correlate with LF formation. Consistently, we present evidence that a dysplastic mandibular coronoid process was also seen in some human patients with skeletal III LF morphology. Taken together, the results presented in this study establish an association of the craniofacial bony structures with vertical patterning, which will have implications in earlier prediction for clinical precaution and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Z Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - C Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - D Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y P Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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22
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The increases in the skeletal muscle mass of the transgenic mice expressing the mutated myostatin affected craniofacial morphology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.odw.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Franks EM, Jeltema M, Luck PJ, Beckley J, Foegeding EA, Vinyard CJ. Morphological and masticatory performance variation of mouth behavior groups. J Texture Stud 2019; 51:343-351. [PMID: 31577840 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Food texture preference and product acceptance are hypothesized to be influenced by mouth behavior. Recent work identified four mouth behavior (MB) groups that describe most consumers in the United States: Chewers, Crunchers, Smooshers, and Suckers. While these behavioral preferences are thought to play a significant role in food selection and purchasing decisions, it is unknown how closely they relate to body and oral cavity measures as well as masticatory apparatus performance. Our objectives were twofold: to determine whether MB groups are related to (a) morphological variation in body, head, and oral cavity size and (b) masticatory apparatus performance (i.e., maximum jaw gape, maximum bite forces at the incisors and first molar). Measurements were collected following an online MB assessment (JBMB Mouth Behavior Typing Tool) where participants self-identified as one of the four types of consumers. As expected, univariate associations were observed between masticatory performance and overall body as well as oral cavity size. These relationships did not persist when assessed with multivariate methods. MB groups did not differ by body, head, or oral cavity measurements; maximum gape; or maximum bite force. Because of small sample sizes for Smooshers and Suckers-a reflection of their limited prevalence in the U.S. population-we interpret the results for these groups with caution. We can more confidently conclude based on our sample that Chewers and Crunchers do not differ in size, bite force, or maximum gape, suggesting other factors primarily drive food texture choice and preference in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Franks
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Melissa Jeltema
- The Understanding and Insight Group LLC, Denville, New Jersey
| | - Paige J Luck
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | | | - E Allen Foegeding
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Christopher J Vinyard
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
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24
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Arnaud-Brachet M, Foletti JM, Graillon N, Chaumoître K, Chossegros C, Guyot L. Could mastication modify the shape of the orbit? A scannographic study in humans. Surg Radiol Anat 2019; 42:63-67. [PMID: 31489469 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-019-02315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since prehistory, changes of the facial skeleton have been related to the modification of diet. More recent studies have shown changes in the morphology of the mandible and maxilla due to variations of strain during mastication. The temporal muscle (TM) is a strong masticatory muscle, with its insertions extending through the temporal fossa. Our objective is to observe the relations between the TM and the lateral orbital wall (LOW) which could indicate an influence of mastication on the shape of the LOW. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study using 100 CT scans. The length of the lateral orbital wall (LLOW), the angle between LOW and the medial orbital wall (MOW), the cross-sectional areas of LOW and of the TMs were measured on both sides of each CT scan. The correlation between TMs and other three parameters was studied by Pearson correlations. RESULTS A correlation was found between TMs and LOWs, a lower with LLOW, and a very weak and negative correlation between LOW/MOW angle. CONCLUSIONS Anatomical knowledge about TM and investigation of masticatory strains lead us to think that mastication have minimal effect on the morphology of the LOW, only on the frontal process of zygomatic. This may explain, in part, why the LOW is the strongest wall of the orbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Arnaud-Brachet
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Public Assistance Hospital,, University Hospital Center Conception, Marseille, France. .,Service de chirurgie Maxillofaciale et plastique de la face, Hôpital Nord, chemin des Bourrely, 13915, Marseille, France.
| | - Jean Marc Foletti
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, IFSTTAR, LBA, Pôle PROM, service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Graillon
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Public Assistance Hospital,, University Hospital Center Conception, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, IFSTTAR, LBA, Pôle PROM, service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, Marseille, France
| | - Katia Chaumoître
- Department of Radiology, Public Assistance Hospital of Marseille, University Hospital Center Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Cyrille Chossegros
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Public Assistance Hospital,, University Hospital Center Conception, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, IFSTTAR, LBA, Pôle PROM, service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Guyot
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Public Assistance Hospital,, University Hospital Center Conception, Marseille, France
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25
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Craniofacial Morphometric Features Associated With Pericondylar Fractures of the Mandible. J Craniofac Surg 2019; 30:2065-2068. [PMID: 31490441 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000005960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The research aimed at investigating potential correlations between craniofacial morphological measurements and mandibular pericondylar fractures, based on a retrospective study of 380 mandible fractures treated in our department, during 2010 to 2017. Predictors included morphological measurements and features. Primary outcome was presence of pericondylar fracture; 133 pericondylar fractures were found, including subcondylar, condylar neck, and condylar head fractures. Condylar neck fractures showed negative correlations with condylar neck width (5.7 mm versus 6.7 mm sagittaly, and 6.1 mm versus 6.8 mm coronally, respectively). Gonial angle (117.3 degrees versus 128.7), and mandibular length 106.2 mm versus 110.4 mm, respectively) showed negative correlation with all pericondylar fractures. Ramus height correlated positively with pericondylar fractures (53.6 mm versus 51.2 mm, respectively). Thus, our results showed condylar neck width was a predictor for condylar neck fractures. In addition, individuals suffering from pericondylar fractures had significantly smaller gonial angles, longer ramus height, and shorter mandibular length. These morphologic features are characteristic of individuals with decreased anterior facial height. Our results corroborated a previous study we had conducted, which suggested that increased anterior vertical growth correlates with angle fractures.
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26
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Mastroianni D, Woods MG. 3D-CT assessment of mandibular widths in young subjects with different underlying vertical facial patterns. J World Fed Orthod 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lee LA, Karabina A, Broadwell LJ, Leinwand LA. The ancient sarcomeric myosins found in specialized muscles. Skelet Muscle 2019; 9:7. [PMID: 30836986 PMCID: PMC6402096 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-019-0192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Striated muscles express an array of sarcomeric myosin motors that are tuned to accomplish specific tasks. Each myosin isoform found in muscle fibers confers unique contractile properties to the fiber in order to meet the demands of the muscle. The sarcomeric myosin heavy chain (MYH) genes expressed in the major cardiac and skeletal muscles have been studied for decades. However, three ancient myosins, MYH7b, MYH15, and MYH16, remained uncharacterized due to their unique expression patterns in common mammalian model organisms and due to their relatively recent discovery in these genomes. This article reviews the literature surrounding these three ancient sarcomeric myosins and the specialized muscles in which they are expressed. Further study of these ancient myosins and how they contribute to the functions of the specialized muscles may provide novel insight into the history of striated muscle evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A. Lee
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Anastasia Karabina
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Lindsey J. Broadwell
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Leslie A. Leinwand
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
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Isola G, Anastasi GP, Matarese G, Williams RC, Cutroneo G, Bracco P, Piancino MG. Functional and molecular outcomes of the human masticatory muscles. Oral Dis 2018; 24:1428-1441. [PMID: 29156093 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The masticatory muscles achieve a broad range of different activities such as chewing, sucking, swallowing, and speech. In order to accomplish these duties, masticatory muscles have a unique and heterogeneous structure and fiber composition, enabling them to produce their strength and contraction speed largely dependent on their motor units and myosin proteins that can change in response to genetic and environmental factors. Human masticatory muscles express unique myosin isoforms, including a combination of thick fibers, expressing myosin light chains (MyLC) and myosin class I and II heavy chains (MyHC) -IIA, -IIX, α-cardiac, embryonic and neonatal and thin fibers, respectively. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the importance of fiber-type diversity in masticatory muscles versus supra- and infrahyoid muscles, and versus limb and trunk muscles. We also highlight new information regarding the adaptive response and specific genetic variations of muscle fibers on the functional significance of the masticatory muscles, which influences craniofacial characteristics, malocclusions, or asymmetry. These findings may offer future possibilities for the prevention of craniofacial growth disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Isola
- Department of Biomedical, Odontostomatological Sciences and of Morphological and Functional Images, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G P Anastasi
- Department of Biomedical, Odontostomatological Sciences and of Morphological and Functional Images, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G Matarese
- Department of Biomedical, Odontostomatological Sciences and of Morphological and Functional Images, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - R C Williams
- Department of Periodontology, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - G Cutroneo
- Department of Biomedical, Odontostomatological Sciences and of Morphological and Functional Images, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - P Bracco
- Department of Orthodontics and Gnathology-Masticatory Function, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M G Piancino
- Department of Orthodontics and Gnathology-Masticatory Function, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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She X, Wei F, Damon BJ, Coombs MC, Lee DG, Lecholop MK, Bacro TH, Steed MB, Zheng N, Chen X, Yao H. Three-dimensional temporomandibular joint muscle attachment morphometry and its impacts on musculoskeletal modeling. J Biomech 2018; 79:119-128. [PMID: 30166225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In musculoskeletal models of the human temporomandibular joint (TMJ), muscles are typically represented by force vectors that connect approximate muscle origin and insertion centroids (centroid-to-centroid force vectors). This simplification assumes equivalent moment arms and muscle lengths for all fibers within a muscle even with complex geometry and may result in inaccurate estimations of muscle force and joint loading. The objectives of this study were to quantify the three-dimensional (3D) human TMJ muscle attachment morphometry and examine its impact on TMJ mechanics. 3D muscle attachment surfaces of temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid muscles of human cadaveric heads were generated by co-registering measured attachment boundaries with underlying skull models created from cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) images. A bounding box technique was used to quantify 3D muscle attachment size, shape, location, and orientation. Musculoskeletal models of the mandible were then developed and validated to assess the impact of 3D muscle attachment morphometry on joint loading during jaw maximal open-close. The 3D morphometry revealed that muscle lengths and moment arms of temporalis and masseter muscles varied substantially among muscle fibers. The values calculated from the centroid-to-centroid model were significantly different from those calculated using the 'Distributed model', which considered crucial 3D muscle attachment morphometry. Consequently, joint loading was underestimated by more than 50% in the centroid-to-centroid model. Therefore, it is necessary to consider 3D muscle attachment morphometry, especially for muscles with broad attachments, in TMJ musculoskeletal models to precisely quantify the joint mechanical environment critical for understanding TMJ function and mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin She
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Brooke J Damon
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Matthew C Coombs
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Daniel G Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MUSC, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Thierry H Bacro
- Center for Anatomical Studies and Education, MUSC, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Martin B Steed
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MUSC, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Naiquan Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hai Yao
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC, USA.
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Human mandibular shape is associated with masticatory muscle force. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6042. [PMID: 29662127 PMCID: PMC5902585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how and to what extent forces applied to the mandible by the masticatory muscles influence its form, is of considerable importance from clinical, anthropological and evolutionary perspectives. This study investigates these questions. Head CT scans of 382 adults were utilized to measure masseter and temporalis muscle cross-sectional areas (CSA) as a surrogate for muscle force, and 17 mandibular anthropometric measurements. Sixty-two mandibles of young individuals (20–40 years) whose scans were without artefacts (e.g., due to tooth filling) were segmented and landmarked for geometric morphometric analysis. The association between shape and muscle CSA (controlled for size) was assessed using two-block partial least squares analysis. Correlations were computed between mandibular variables and muscle CSAs (all controlled for size). A significant association was found between mandibular shape and muscle CSAs, i.e. larger CSAs are associated with a wider more trapezoidal ramus, more massive coronoid, more rectangular body and a more curved basal arch. Linear measurements yielded low correlations with muscle CSAs. In conclusion, this study demonstrates an association between mandibular muscle force and mandibular shape, which is not as readily identified from linear measurements. Retrodiction of masticatory muscle force and so of mandibular loading is therefore best based on overall mandibular shape.
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Koolstra JH, Jongenburger MCM, Landweer GR, Willems NMBK. The relationship between a dolichofacial morphology and bone adaptation of the articular tubercle. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 78:20-25. [PMID: 28189881 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Against the background of a possibly compromised functional adaptation, the relationship between the height of the articular tubercle was analyzed as a function of the amount of divergence between the maxilla and the mandible. DESIGN These parameters were obtained retrospectively from orthopantomograms and lateral radiographs produced in a standard procedure before orthodontic treatment. RESULTS The height of the articular tubercle appeared to be significantly smaller in a group of patients with a dolichofacial morphology, with respect of those with an average (mesofacial) morphology. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the height of the articular tubercle and the mandibular angle. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that bone remodeling in selected parts of the orofacial skeleton can be compromised giving rise to an altered craniofacial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Koolstra
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - M C M Jongenburger
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G R Landweer
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - N M B K Willems
- Department of Orthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Goto TK, Nishida S, Yahagi M, Langenbach GEJ, Nakamura Y, Tokumori K, Sakai S, Yabuuchi H, Yoshiura K. Size and Orientation of Masticatory Muscles in Patients with Mandibular Laterognathism. J Dent Res 2016; 85:552-6. [PMID: 16723654 DOI: 10.1177/154405910608500614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Size measurements of jaw muscles reflect their force capabilities and correlate with facial morphology. Using MRI, we examined the size and orientation of jaw muscles in patients with mandibular laterognathism in comparison with a control group. We hypothesized that the muscles of the deviated side would be smaller than those of the non-deviated side, and that the muscles of both sides would be smaller than in controls. In patients, a comparison of deviated and non-deviated sides showed, in orientation, differences for masseter and medial pterygoid muscles, but, in size, differences only for the masseter muscle. Nevertheless, muscle sizes in patients were much smaller than in controls. Lateral displacement of the mandible can explain the orientation differences, but not the smaller muscle size, in patients. It is possible that the laterodeviation initiates an adaptive process in the entire jaw system, resulting in extensive atrophy of the jaw muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Goto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Panneerselvam E, Prasad PJ, Balasubramaniam S, Somasundaram S, Raja KVB, Srinivasan D. The Influence of the Mandibular Gonial Angle on the Incidence of Mandibular Angle Fracture-A Radiomorphometric Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 75:153-159. [PMID: 27643630 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this radiomorphometric study was to analyze the association between the mandibular gonial angle and the risk of mandibular angle fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of medical records and radiographs of patients treated for mandibular fractures was performed. The exposure studied was the presence of a high gonial angle and the outcome was fracture of the mandibular angle. The mandibular gonial angle and mandibular height at the angle were measured using Facad software (Ilexis AB, Linköping, Sweden). Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 16 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY). RESULTS The study sample was comprised of 210 mandibular fractures (70 mandibular angle fractures and 140 non-angle fractures). The mean gonial angle in patients with mandibular angle fractures was 126.8 ± 7.9°, which was 4.5° larger than in patients with other mandibular fractures (P = .0001). Patients with a high gonial angle were 11.77 times more likely to sustain an angle fracture than those with normal or low gonial angles (adjusted odds ratio = 11.77; 95% confidence interval, 3.65-37.94; P < .001). There also was a statistically significant decrease in mandibular height at the angle in patients with a high gonial angle (P = .0001). CONCLUSION This study shows that people with a high gonial angle are at an increased risk for angle fracture and presents the related clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elavenil Panneerselvam
- Reader, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai, India.
| | - Pooja J Prasad
- Intern, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Sasikala Balasubramaniam
- Reader, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai, India
| | | | - Krishnakumar V B Raja
- Professor and Department Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Dilip Srinivasan
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai, India
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Marques HB, Richter FF, Heck L, Xavier LL, de Campos D. Biomechanical potential of the temporal muscle in brachyfacial and dolichofacial subjects: a study on dry mandibles. Orthod Craniofac Res 2016; 19:162-8. [PMID: 27027638 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure the lengths of the force and resistance arms, in order to calculate the mechanical advantage and muscular work of the human temporalis muscle (TM) in brachyfacial (BR) and dolichofacial (DO) subjects. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION Mandibles from 49 subjects of both genders (BR n = 9; DO n = 40) from the collection of the Laboratory of Human Anatomy at Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were analyzed. MATERIAL AND METHODS The distance between the condylar process and the coronoid process (insertion site of the TM) represented the length of the force arm (LFA ) of the TM. The distance between the condylar process and the mental protuberance represented the length of the resistance arm (LRA ). Thus, the mechanical advantage of the TM was obtained using the following ratio: LFA /LRA , while the muscular work (LRA /LFA ) of the TM was obtained using the inverse of this ratio. RESULTS When compared with the DO, the parameters of the BR are significantly greater, as shown by the LFA (6.0%) and mechanical advantage (8.2%; p = 0.0078). By contrast, our results show that in the DO, the LRA was 2.4% longer and the muscular work was 10.4% greater (p = 0.0087). CONCLUSION The mechanical advantage of the TM in BR subjects is significantly greater than in DO subjects. Moreover, this greater mechanical advantage may explain, at least in part, the higher incidence of temporomandibular dysfunctions in BR subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Marques
- Curso de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia e Farmácia, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - F F Richter
- Curso de Medicina, Departamento de Biologia e Farmácia, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - L Heck
- Curso de Medicina, Departamento de Biologia e Farmácia, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - L L Xavier
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Departamento de Ciências Morfofisiológicas, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - D de Campos
- Curso de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia e Farmácia, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.,Curso de Medicina, Departamento de Biologia e Farmácia, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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The relationship between skull morphology, masticatory muscle force and cranial skeletal deformation during biting. Ann Anat 2016; 203:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kim SJ, Baik HS, Hwang CJ, Yu HS. Diagnosis and evaluation of skeletal Class III patients with facial asymmetry for orthognathic surgery using three-dimensional computed tomography. Semin Orthod 2015. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Toro-Ibacache V, Zapata MuÑoz V, O'higgins P. The Predictability from Skull Morphology of Temporalis and Masseter Muscle Cross-Sectional Areas in Humans. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:1261-70. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Toro-Ibacache
- Department of Archaeology and Hull York Medical School; Centre for Anatomical and Human Sciences; University of York; Heslington York United Kingdom
- Facultad de Odontología Universidad de Chile; Independencia Región Metropolitana Chile
| | - Victor Zapata MuÑoz
- Centro de Imagenología, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile; Independencia Región Metropolitana Chile
| | - Paul O'higgins
- Department of Archaeology and Hull York Medical School; Centre for Anatomical and Human Sciences; University of York; Heslington York United Kingdom
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Identification of mastication organ muscle forces in the biocybernetic perspective. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:436595. [PMID: 25883961 PMCID: PMC4391721 DOI: 10.1155/2015/436595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of the Paper. This paper is an attempt to mathematically describe the mastication organ muscle functioning, taking into consideration the impact of the central nervous system. Material. To conduct model tests, three types of craniums were prepared: short, normal, and long. The necessary numeric data, required to prepare the final calculation models of different craniofacial types, were used to identify muscle and occlusion forces generated by muscles in the area of incisors and molars. The mandible in model tests was treated as a nondeformable stiff form. Methods. The formal basis for the formulated research problem was reached using the laws and principles of mechanics and control theory. The proposed method treats muscles as “black boxes,” whose properties automatically adapt to the nature of the occlusion load. The identified values of occlusion forces referred to measurements made in clinical conditions. Results. The conducted verification demonstrated a very good consistency of model and clinical tests' results. The proposed method is an alternative approach to the so far applied methods of muscle force identification. Identification of muscle forces without taking into account the impact of the nervous system does not fully reflect the conditions of mastication organ muscle functioning.
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Toro-Ibacache V, Cortés Araya J, Díaz Muñoz A, Manríquez Soto G. Morphologic variability of nonsyndromic operated patients affected by cleft lip and palate: a geometric morphometric study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014; 146:346-54. [PMID: 25172257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we compared patterns of morphologic variations of the craniofacial skeleton between patients affected by clefts who were operated on and unaffected subjects, aiming to discuss possible morpho-functional consequences of treatment in craniofacial development. METHODS The lateral cephalograms of 76 subjects, comprising patients with operated unilateral cleft lip and palate (OpC) and a group matched for sex and age without cleft, were used. Thirteen landmarks were used as variables in geometric morphometric tests quantifying and describing overall shape variation, differences between group means, allometry, and upper-lower face covariation. RESULTS The OpC group showed broader shape variations including noncleft group characteristics, but mainly a retrognathic maxilla, a vertically elongated face, a more open mandibular angle, and a more closed basicranial angle. Group means differed mainly in the maxillomandibular relationships. Allometry differed between groups, with the smallest OpC patients showing the most altered morphology. Upper and lower face covariation was stronger in the OpC group, showing mainly vertical changes in the anterior face. CONCLUSIONS Operated patients affected by clefts achieve a broad range of morphologies; the most altered were found in those with skeletal Class III and small size. Furthermore, their strongest upper and lower face shape covariation suggests that a harmonic dental occlusion could be a key factor in achieving "normal" craniofacial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Toro-Ibacache
- Researcher, Centre for Anatomical and Human Sciences, Hull York Medical School, Heslington, York, United Kingdom; lecturer, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Juan Cortés Araya
- Professor, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Alejandro Díaz Muñoz
- Lecturer, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Región Metropolitana, Chile; orthodontist, Servicio de Cirugía Máxilo Facial, Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Germán Manríquez Soto
- Associate professor, Centro de Análisis Cuantitativo en Antropología Dental, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Región Metropolitana, Chile; associate professor, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa, Región Metropolitana, Chile.
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Azaroual MF, Fikri M, Abouqal R, Benyahya H, Zaoui F. Relation entre dimensions des muscles masticateurs (masséter et ptérygoïdien latéral) et dimensions squelettiques : étude sur 40 cas. Int Orthod 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Karakis D, Aktas-Yilmaz B, Dogan A, Yetkin I, Bek B. The bite force and craniofacial morphology in patients with acromegaly: a pilot study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2014; 19:e1-7. [PMID: 23986010 PMCID: PMC3909425 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.18984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Acromegaly is a metabolic disorder caused by increased growth hormone secretion. As a consequence of acromegaly some typical craniofacial morphology changes appear. This pilot study was conducted to compare the bite force and the characteristic size and shape of the craniofacial components of acromegalic patients with the healthy Turkish individuals. In additon, the correlations between bite force and craniofacial morphology of patients with acromegaly and control individuals were evaluated.
Study Design: The maximum bite force of the participants was recorded with strain-gage transducer. Lateral x-ray scans were made under standard conditions, in centric occlusion. On cephalograms, the linear and angular measurements was performed.
Results: Patients with acromegaly showed increased anterior and posterior total face height, ramus length, width of frontal sinuse, gonial angle and a negative difference between maxillary and mandibular protrusions. In addition, females with acromegaly showed larger lower anterior face height and sella turcica, decreased facial angle, increased mandibular plane angle. The cephalometric measurements, except one did not showed correlation with the bite force in acromegalic patients. In control group, significant correlations were observed between anterior total face height and anterior lower face height, mandibular plane angle and gonial angle.
Conclusions: The greater changes were observed in the mandible. The maximum bite force of patients with acromegaly showed no difference from healthy individuals. The non-significant difference of bite force between healthy participants and acromegalic patients provide important information for dental treatment and prosthetic rehabilitation of acromegalic patients.
Key words:Acromegaly, bite force, cephalometric analysis, mandibular prognathism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Karakis
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey 06510,
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Holton NE, Franciscus RG, Ravosa MJ, Southard TE. Functional and morphological correlates of mandibular symphyseal form in a living human sample. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 153:387-96. [PMID: 24264260 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Variation in recent human mandibular form is often thought to reflect differences in masticatory behavior associated with variation in food preparation and subsistence strategies. Nevertheless, while mandibular variation in some human comparisons appear to reflect differences in functional loading, other comparisons indicate that this relationship is not universal. This suggests that morphological variation in the mandible is influenced by other factors that may obscure the effects of loading on mandibular form. It is likely that highly strained mandibular regions, including the corpus, are influenced by well-established patterns of lower facial skeletal integration. As such, it is unclear to what degree mandibular form reflects localized stresses incurred during mastication vs. a larger set of correlated features that may influence bone distribution patterns. In this study, we examine the relationship between mandibular symphyseal bone distribution (i.e., second moments of area, cortical bone area) and masticatory force production (i.e., in vivo maximal bite force magnitude and estimated symphyseal bending forces) along with lower facial shape variation in a sample of n = 20 living human male subjects. Our results indicate that while some aspects of symphyseal form (e.g., wishboning resistance) are significantly correlated with estimates of symphyseal bending force magnitude, others (i.e., vertical bending resistance) are more closely tied to variation in lower facial shape. This suggests that while the symphysis reflects variation in some variables related to functional loading, the complex and multifactorial influences on symphyseal form underscores the importance of exercising caution when inferring function from the mandible especially in narrow taxonomic comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan E Holton
- Department of Orthodontics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242; Department of Anthropology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242
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Azaroual MF, Fikri M, Abouqal R, Benyahya H, Zaoui F. Relationship between dimensions of muscles of mastication (masseter and lateral pterygoid) and skeletal dimensions: study of 40 cases. Int Orthod 2013; 12:111-24. [PMID: 24156908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The masticatory muscles play an important part in determining the morphology of the facial skeleton. Skeletal typology and the characteristics of the masticatory muscles are closely linked. Several authors have studied muscle characteristics as related to facial typology. The aim of this work is to study the relationship between vertical and transverse skeletal dimensions and the dimensions (length, width and thickness) of two muscles of mastication, the masseter and the lateral pterygoid. MATERIALS AND METHOD Our study was based on CT-scan examinations of a sample composed of patients consulting the X-ray department of the Rabat-Salé Teaching Hospital, and for whom a CT-scan had been requested. Forty CT examinations of the skull, performed in the context of sinus explorations or pre-surgical work-ups in the radiology department of the Rabat-Salé Teaching Hospital, were selected for this study. The sample comprised 19 women and 21 men aged between 20 and 45, with a mean of 40.9 ± 12.8. A Siemens 32-row 64-slice spiral CT-scan device was used for spiral acquisition of data around the facial bones, with the mouth closed. The study was carried out in the parenchymal window for the muscle measurements, in the axial and coronal planes. Bone measurements were performed after 3D reconstruction in VRT mode. RESULTS Our study showed that, for the masseter muscle, thickness is the dimension that correlates significantly with skeletal dimensions in the vertical, transverse and sagittal directions. For the lateral pterygoid muscle, length and width both present significant correlations with transverse skeletal dimensions. Analysis of these results shows that the dimensional characteristics of the masticatory muscles vary according to the vertical and transverse skeletal typology of the subjects concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Faouzi Azaroual
- Service d'odontologie, hôpital militaire d'instruction Mohamed V, avenue des FAR-Hay-Riad, 10100 Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Meriem Fikri
- Service de neuro-radiologie, hôpital des spécialités ONO, CHU de Rabat-Salé, BP, 6444 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Redouan Abouqal
- Laboratoire de biostatistique et de recherche clinique et épidémiologie, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, avenue Med-Belarbi-El-Alaoui, BP 6203, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hicham Benyahya
- Service d'orthopédie dento-faciale, faculté de médecine dentaire de Rabat, université Mohamed-V Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fatima Zaoui
- Service d'orthopédie dento-faciale, faculté de médecine dentaire de Rabat, université Mohamed-V Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
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Prasad M, Hussain MZ, Shetty SK, Kumar TA, Khaur M, George SA, Dalwai S. Median mandibular flexure at different mouth opening and its relation to different facial types: A prospective clinical study. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2013; 4:426-30. [PMID: 24082745 PMCID: PMC3783793 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.117028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To measure the arch width and Median mandibular flexure (MMF) values at relative rest and maximum jaw opening in young adults with Dolichofacial, Mesofacial, and Brachyfacial types and tested whether the variation in the facial pattern is related to the MMF values in South Indian population. Materials and Methods: This Prospective clinical study consisted of sample of 60 young adults. The subjects were grouped into 3 groups: Group 1: Brachyfacial, Group 2: Mesofacial and types, Group 3: Dolichofacial. Impressions were taken for all the 60 subjects and the casts were scanned and digitized. The intermolar width was measured for Dolichofacial, Mesofacial, and Brachyfacial subjects at relative rest (R) and maximum opening (O). Results: The statistical analysis of the observations included Descriptive and Inferential statistics. The statistical analysis was executed by means of Sigma graph pad prism software, USA Version-4. Kruskal wallis (ANOVA) followed by Dunns post hoc test was performed. Mann Whitney U-test was performed to assess the difference in MMF values between Males and Females of the three groups. The Mean (SD) Mandibular flexure in individuals with Brachyfacial type was 1.12 (0.09), Mesofacial type was 0.69 (0.21), and Dolichofacial type was 0.39 (0.08). Conclusions: The Mean intermolar width was maximum in Brachyfacial type and minimum in Dolichofacial type. MMF was maximum at the maximum mouth opening position and was maximum in individuals with Brachyfacial type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandava Prasad
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Lione R, Franchi L, Noviello A, Bollero P, Fanucci E, Cozza P. Three-dimensional evaluation of masseter muscle in different vertical facial patterns: a cross-sectional study in growing children. ULTRASONIC IMAGING 2013; 35:307-317. [PMID: 24081727 DOI: 10.1177/0161734613502468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the anatomical three-dimensional (3D) characteristics of masseter muscle in growing subjects with different vertical patterns by using an ultrasound (US) method. The sample comprised 60 prepuberal subjects (33 males, 27 females) with a mean age of 11.5 ± 1.6 years with late mixed or permanent dentition and Class I molar and skeletal relationship. For each subject, a lateral cephalogram was required, and according to the mandibular plane angle (Frankfort horizontal plane/mandibular plane angle [FMA]), the subjects were divided into three groups of different underlying vertical facial patterns: brachyfacial: FMA < 22°, mesofacial: 22° ≤ FMA ≤ 28°, and dolichofacial: FMA > 28°. For each subject, an US scan was carried out to analyze the width, the thickness, the cross-sectional area, and the volume of the masseter muscle. Mean differences in measurements between vertical facial subgroups were contrasted by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's post hoc tests (p < 0.05). Measurements of the whole masseter in dolichofacial patients were significantly smaller when compared with brachyfacial and mesofacial individuals during relaxation and contraction. The volume of the masseter decreased significantly by 10% going from the brachyfacial group to the mesofacial group and from the mesofacial group to the dolichofacial group with no difference between the left and the right sides. A significant negative correlation was found between the US measurements and the divergency (FMA°). Ultrasound is a technique indicated in children for evaluating muscles of mastication in vivo. Growing patients with a dolichofacial vertical pattern present with a reduced dimension of the masseter when compared with brachyfacial and mesofacial subjects.
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Prasad M, Kannampallil ST, Talapaneni AK, George SA, Shetty SK. Evaluation of arch width variations among different skeletal patterns in South Indian population. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2013; 4:94-102. [PMID: 23633842 PMCID: PMC3633311 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.107267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anterior cranial base can be taken as a reference line (SN) to determine the steepness of mandibular plane. Subjects with high mandibular plane angle tend to have a long face and one with low MP-SN angle has a shorter face. Objective: This study was done to investigate if dental arch widths correlated with vertical facial types and if there are any differences in arch widths between untreated male and female adults in South Indian population. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalogram and dental casts were obtained from 180 untreated South Indian adults (90 males and 90 females) above 18 year old with no cross bite, minimal crowding and spacing. The angle between the anterior cranial base and the mandibular plane was measured on lateral cephalogram of each patient. Dental casts were used to obtain comprehensive dental measurements including maxillary and mandibular inter canine, inter premolar and inter molar widths, as well as amount of crowding or spacing. Results: The results showed that male arch widths were significantly larger than those of females (P < 0.05) and there was a significant decrease in inter arch width as the MP-SN angle increased in untreated adult South Indian population. The results obtained in our study when compared with studies done in other population groups showed that there is difference in inter arch widths according to ethnicity and race. Conclusion: It was concluded that the dental arch width is associated with gender, race and vertical facial morphology. Thus using individualized arch wires according to each patient's pre treatment arch form and width is suggested during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandava Prasad
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Sathyanarayana HP, Premkumar S, Manjula WS. Assessment of maximum voluntary bite force in adults with normal occlusion and different types of malocclusions. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012; 13:534-538. [PMID: 23151705 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Maximum voluntary bite force (MVBF) was assessed in adults with class I normal occlusion and compared with different malocclusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and ten subjects in the age group of 17 to 25 years were classified into various groups. Thirty subjects with class I normal occlusion (Group A), 20 subjects with Angle's class I malocclusion (Group B), 20 subjects with skeletal class II malocclusion (Group C), 20 subjects with hypodivergent facial morphology (Group D) and 20 subjects with hyperdivergent facial morphology (Group E). MVBF was measured with a bite force meter at the first premolar and first molar region bilaterally. The values were recorded and statistically analyzed. RESULTS Mean MVBF value in each of the groups in the molar and first premolar region were found to be 601.83N ± 60.80, 392N ± 31.43 (group A), 592.60N ± 37.66, 378.90N ± 23.00 (group B), 586.60N ± 49.26, 377N ± 29.38 (group C), 771.50N ± 27.24, 500.60N ± 18.25 (group D), 283.85N ± 26.41, 283.85N ± 26.41 (group E). Student paired t-test was done to analyze the difference between two groups and considered as significant at a p-value of < 0.05. Significant difference was found between group A and D and group A and E with a p-value of <0.0001. No significant difference was observed between group A and group B (p = 0.5481 and 0.1148) and group A and group C (p = 0.3551 and 0.0949). ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference among groups A, D and E. No significant difference was found among groups A, B and C. Males had a higher value than females. CONCLUSION Sagittal morphology does not significantly affect the MVBF value whereas there is a significant correlation with vertical morphology. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Assessment of maximum voluntary bite force (MVBF) is a chairside procedure to evaluate masticatory muscle activity based on which treatment planning and mechanics can be known.
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Chai G, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Ma X, Yu Z, Mu X, Qi Z. Evaluation of Dynamic Morphologic Changes in the Masseter Muscle in
Patients Undergoing Mandibular Angle Sagittal Split Osteotomy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1001/archfaci.2011.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chai
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheyuan Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiongzheng Mu
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuoliang Qi
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Bhoyar PS, Godbole SR, Thombare RU, Pakhan AJ. Effect of complete edentulism on masseter muscle thickness and changes after complete denture rehabilitation: an ultrasonographic study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 3:45-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1626.2011.0088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Naser-Ud-Din S, Sowman PF, Sampson WJ, Dreyer CW, Türker KS. Masseter length determines muscle spindle reflex excitability during jaw-closing movements. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011; 139:e305-13. [PMID: 21457836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The masticatory muscles are considered to be important determinants of facial form, but little is known of the muscle spindle reflex characteristics and their relationship, if any, to face height. The aim of this study was to determine whether spindle reflexes, evoked by mechanical stimulation of an incisor and recorded on the masseter muscle, correlated with different facial patterns. METHODS Twenty-eight adult volunteers (16 women; ages, 19-38 years) underwent 2-N tap stimuli to their maxillary left central incisor during simulated mastication. Reflexes were recorded during local anesthesia of the stimulated tooth to eliminate the contribution from periodontal mechanoreceptors. Surface electromyograms of the reflex responses of the jaw muscles to these taps were recorded via bipolar electrodes on the masseter muscle and interpreted by using spike-triggered averaging of the surface electromyograms. Lateral cephalometric analysis was carried out with software (version 10.5, Dolphin, Los Angeles, Calif; and Mona Lisa, Canberra, Australia). RESULTS Two-newton tooth taps produced principally excitatory reflex responses beginning at 17 ms poststimulus. Correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between these muscle spindle reflexes and facial heights: specifically, shorter face heights were associated with stronger spindle reflexes. This correlation was strongest between the derived measure of masseter length and the spindle reflex strength during jaw closure (r = -0.49, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a similar muscle spindle stimulus will generate a stronger reflex activation in the jaw muscles of patients with shorter faces compared with those with longer faces. This finding might help to explain the higher incidence of clenching or bruxism in those with short faces and also might, in the future, influence the design of orthodontic appliances and dental prostheses.
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