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Cheung MM, Hubert PA, Reed DR, Pouget ER, Jiang X, Hwang LD. Understanding the determinants of sweet taste liking in the African and East Asian ancestry groups in the U.S.-A study protocol. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300071. [PMID: 38683826 PMCID: PMC11057733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liking for sweet taste is a powerful driver for consuming added sugars, and therefore, understanding how sweet liking is formed is a critical step in devising strategies to lower added sugars consumption. However, current research on the influence of genetic and environmental factors on sweet liking is mostly based on research conducted with individuals of European ancestry. Whether these results can be generalized to people of other ancestry groups warrants investigation. METHODS We will determine the differences in allele frequencies in sweet-related genetic variants and their effects on sweet liking in 426 adults of either African or East Asian ancestry, who have the highest and lowest average added sugars intake, respectively, among ancestry groups in the U.S. We will collect information on participants' sweet-liking phenotype, added sugars intake (sweetness exposure), anthropometric measures, place-of-birth, and for immigrants, duration of time living in the U.S. and age when immigrated. Ancestry-specific polygenic scores of sweet liking will be computed based on the effect sizes of the sweet-related genetic variants on the sweet-liking phenotype for each ancestry group. The predictive validity of the polygenic scores will be tested using individuals of African and East Asian ancestry from the UK Biobank. We will also compare sweet liking between U.S.-born individuals and immigrants within each ancestry group to test whether differences in environmental sweetness exposure during childhood affect sweet liking in adulthood. DISCUSSION Expanding genetic research on taste to individuals from ancestry groups traditionally underrepresented in such research is consistent with equity goals in sensory and nutrition science. Findings from this study will help in the development of a more personalized nutrition approach for diverse populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION This protocol has been preregistered with the Center for Open Science (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/WPR9E).
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Affiliation(s)
- May M. Cheung
- City University of New York, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Patrice A. Hubert
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Danielle R. Reed
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Enrique R. Pouget
- City University of New York, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Xinyin Jiang
- City University of New York, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Liang-Dar Hwang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Bruins A, Keeley J, Uhley V, Anyadike K, Kemp K. White Blood Cell and C-Reactive Protein Levels Are Similar in Obese Hispanic White Women Reporting Adherence to a Healthy Plant, Unhealthy Plant, or Animal-Based Diet, unlike in Obese Non-Hispanic White Women. Nutrients 2024; 16:556. [PMID: 38398880 PMCID: PMC10891662 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
While modifying dietary patterns can reduce the effects of inflammation in obesity, less is known about the impact of dietary patterns on inflammation levels in women of different ethnicities. This study investigated the link between dietary patterns and mediators associated with inflammation, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cells (WBCs), among obese Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White women. CRP and WBC counts were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2003 and 2010. Based on their recorded responses to two 24 h recall interviews, individuals were grouped into one of three dietary patterns: healthy plant-based, less healthy plant-based, or animal-based. Comparisons were run between obese Hispanic and Non-Hispanic women assigned to the same dietary pattern groups and between dietary pattern groups within ethnic groups. CRP and WBCs increased in obese Non-Hispanics as dietary patterns moved from healthy plant-based to animal-based (pCRP = 0.002 and pWBC = 0.017). Regardless of the dietary pattern, CRP and WBC expression were similar in Hispanic women. In addition, WBCs were higher in Hispanics compared to Non-Hispanics when both populations adhered to healthy plant and less healthy plant dietary patterns. The results indicate that dietary patterns may influence Hispanics' inflammation differently than Non-Hispanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bruins
- Trinity Health Grand Rapids Family Medicine Residency, 200 Jefferson Ave SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA;
| | - Jacob Keeley
- Department of Research, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 586 Pioneer Dr, Rochester, MI 48309, USA;
| | - Virginia Uhley
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 586 Pioneer Dr, Rochester, MI 48309, USA;
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Kimberly Anyadike
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 586 Pioneer Dr, Rochester, MI 48309, USA;
| | - Kyeorda Kemp
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 586 Pioneer Dr, Rochester, MI 48309, USA;
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Cheung MM, Hubert PA, Reed DR, Pouget ER, Jiang X, Hwang LD. Understanding the Determinants of Sweet Liking in the African and East Asian Ancestry Groups in the U.S. - A Study Protocol. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3644422. [PMID: 38076869 PMCID: PMC10705709 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3644422/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Background The liking for sweet taste is a powerful driver for consuming added sugars, and therefore, understanding how sweet liking is formed is a critical step in devising strategies to lower added sugars consumption. However, current research on the influence of genetic and environmental factors on sweet liking is mostly based on research conducted with individuals of European ancestry. Whether these results can be generalized to people of other ancestry groups warrants investigation. Methods We will determine the differences in allele frequencies in sweet-related genetic variants and their effects on sweet liking in 426 adults of either African or East Asian ancestry, who have the highest and lowest average added sugars intake, respectively, among ancestry groups in the U.S. We will collect information on participants' sweet-liking phenotype, added sugars intake (sweetness exposure), anthropometric measures, place-of-birth, and for immigrants, duration of time living in the U.S. and age when immigrated. Ancestry-specific polygenic scores of sweet liking will be computed based on the effect sizes of the sweet-related genetic variants on the sweet-liking phenotype for each ancestry group. The predictive validity of the polygenic scores will be tested using individuals of African and East Asian ancestry from the UK Biobank. We will also compare sweet liking between U.S.-born individuals and immigrants within each ancestry group to test whether differences in environmental sweetness exposure during childhood affect sweet liking in adulthood. Discussion Expanding genetic research on taste to individuals from ancestry groups traditionally underrepresented in such research is consistent with equity goals in sensory and nutrition science. Findings from this study will help in the development of a more personalized nutrition approach for diverse populations. Trial registration This protocol has been preregistered with the Center for Open Science (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/WPR9E) and is approved by the City University of New York Human Research Protection Program (IRB#: 2023-0064-Brooklyn).
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Kim L, Duh-Leong C, Nagpal N, Ortiz R, Katzow MW, Russ S, Halfon N. Supporting early childhood routines to promote cardiovascular health across the life course. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2023; 53:101434. [PMID: 37821292 PMCID: PMC10842608 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2023.101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Optimal cardiovascular health is an essential component of human health and well-being across the life course. Heart healthy practices around diet, physical activity, and sleep early in childhood have the potential to greatly improve lifespan and quality (Mehta et al., 2020). Early childhood routines, defined as functional practices that are predictable and repeatable, predict positive growth and development across the lifecourse (Fiese et al., 2002; Ferretti and Bub, 2017; Spagnola and Fiese, 2007). The American Heart Association has identified key heart healthy routines, such as daily regular activities including diet, physical activity, and sleep that promote cardiovascular health (Lloyd-Jones et al., 2022). Integrating the strength-based relational aspects of routines with the acquisition of cardiovascular health development capabilities allows children to establish their own optimal cardiovascular health trajectory early on. A systematic life course approach to supporting heart healthy routines in early childhood would inform clinical, research, and policy strategies to promote long-term cardiovascular health, and contribute to reducing inequalities in cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Kim
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Carol Duh-Leong
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikita Nagpal
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robin Ortiz
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle W Katzow
- Department of Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, USA; Health Systems Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Shirley Russ
- Center for Healthier Children, Families, and Communities, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neal Halfon
- Center for Healthier Children, Families, and Communities, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Public Policy, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Chai L. Unpacking the Association Between Length of Residence and Health Among Immigrants in Canada: A Moderated Mediation Approach. J Immigr Minor Health 2023; 25:38-49. [PMID: 35778538 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-022-01377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines (1) whether perceived life stress mediates the associations between length of residence in Canada and self-rated mental health and general health and (2) how these processes differ across levels of perceived local community belonging. Data are from the 2017-2018 Canadian Community Health Survey (N = 14,570)-a nationally representative survey collected by Statistics Canada. Simple mediation and moderated mediation models are employed. The simple mediated associations are evaluated first and found to be statistically significant for both self-rated mental health (b = 0.046, 95% PBCI = 0.035, 0.058) and general health (b = 0.045, 95% PBCI = 0.034, 0.056). Moderated mediation analysis then reveals that while perceived local community belonging does not moderate the effects of length of residence on perceived life stress, it does moderate the effects of perceived life stress on self-rated mental health (b = - 0.042, 95% PBCI = - 0.057, - 0.028) and general health (b = - 0.026, 95% PBCI = - 0.042, - 0.011), suggesting that the adverse associations between perceived life stress and self-rated mental health and general health are weaker among immigrants with greater perceived local community belonging. Consistent with the predictions, the indirect effects are significant at all levels of local community belonging. Findings from this study highlight the need to focus more research and policy interventions on community-based coping resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chai
- Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, 725 Spadina Ave, Toronto, ON, M5S 2J4, Canada.
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Juárez SP, Honkaniemi H, Gustafsson NK, Rostila M, Berg L. Health Risk Behaviours by Immigrants’ Duration of Residence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604437. [PMID: 35990194 PMCID: PMC9388735 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim was to systematically review and synthesise international evidence on changes in health risk behaviours by immigrants’ duration of residence. Methods: We searched literature databases for peer-reviewed quantitative studies published from 2000 to 2019, examining alcohol, drug and tobacco use; physical inactivity; and dietary habits by duration of residence. Results: Narrative synthesis indicated that immigrants tend to adopt health risk behaviours with longer residence in North America, with larger variation in effect sizes and directionality in other contexts. Random-effects meta-analyses examining the pooled effect across all receiving countries and immigrant groups showed lower odds of smoking (OR 0.54, 0.46–0.63, I2 = 68.7%) and alcohol use (OR 0.61, 0.47–0.75, I2 = 93.5%) and higher odds of physical inactivity (OR 1.71, 1.40–2.02, I2 = 99.1%) among immigrants than natives, but did not provide support for a universal trend by duration of residence. Conclusion: Findings suggest that duration of residence could serve as an effective instrument to monitor immigrants’ health changes. However, differences in receiving country contexts and immigrant populations’ composition seem to be important to predict the level and direction of behavioural change. Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, PROSPERO CRD42018108881.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol P. Juárez
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Sol P. Juárez,
| | - Helena Honkaniemi
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina-Katri Gustafsson
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rostila
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa Berg
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Shah LM, Kwapong YA, Boakye E, Ogunwole SM, Bennett WL, Blumenthal RS, Hays AG, Blaha MJ, Nasir K, Zakaria S, Wang G, Wang X, Sharma G. Racial Disparities in Gestational Diabetes by Maternal Nativity and Length of US Residence in an Urban Low-income Population in the United States. CJC Open 2022; 4:540-550. [PMID: 35734520 PMCID: PMC9207772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Racial/ethnic differences in GDM prevalence have been described, but disparities by nativity and duration of US residence are not well studied. Methods We analyzed data from 6088 women (mean age: 27.5 years [standard deviation: 6.3 years]) from the Boston Birth Cohort who self-identified as non-Hispanic Black (NHB; n = 2697), Hispanic (n = 2395), or non-Hispanic White (NHW; n = 996). Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined the cross-sectional association of nativity and duration of US residence (< 10 vs ≥ 10 years) with GDM within each race/ethnicity group. Results Foreign-born NHB, NHW, and Hispanic women with a duration of US residence of < 10 years had a lower prevalence of CVD risk factors than those with US residence of ≥ 10 years, respectively, as follows: smoking (NHB: 1.7% vs 3.1%; NHW: 5.7% vs 8.1%; Hispanic: 0.4% vs 2.6%); obesity (NHB: 17.1% vs 23.4%; NHW: 3.8% vs 15.6%; Hispanic: 10.9% vs 22.7%); and severe stress (NHB: 8.7% vs 11.9%; NHW: 5.7% vs 28.1%; Hispanic: 3.8% vs 7.3%). In analyses adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and CVD risk factors, foreign-born NHB women with a duration of US residence of < 10 years had higher odds of having GDM (adjusted odds ratio: 1.60, 95% confidence interval: 0.99-2.60), compared with their US-born counterparts, whereas foreign-born Hispanic women with a duration of US residence of < 10 years had lower odds of having GDM (adjusted odds ratio: 0.54, 95% confidence interval: 0.32-0.91). The odds of having GDM in Hispanic and NHB women with a duration of US residence of ≥ 10 years were not significantly different from those of their US-born counterparts. Conclusions The “healthy immigrant effect” and its waning with longer duration of US residence apply to the prevalence of GDM among Hispanic women but not NHB women. Further research on the intersectionality of race and nativity-based disparities is needed.
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Ju MR, Karalis JD, Bhat A, Zhu H, Hogan T, Balentine C, Yopp AC, Polanco PM, Wang SC, Zeh HJ, Porembka MR. Nativity Status is an Important Social Determinant of Health for Hispanic Patients with Gastric Cancer in Texas. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:3113-3121. [PMID: 35028796 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-11188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The U.S. foreign-born population is rapidly increasing, and cancer incidence/mortality rates have been shown to differ by nativity status. Our study aimed to characterize differences in gastric cancer presentation and survival among Hispanic patients in Texas by nativity status. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of the Texas Cancer Registry to identify Hispanic patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma between 2004 and 2017. Existing indices applied to 2010 census tract-level data were utilized to measure neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) and Hispanic enclaves. Nativity status was imputed for patients with missing data. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were fit for overall survival adjusted for age, insurance status, diagnosis year, tumor location, stage, grade, reporting source, nativity status, nSES, and Hispanic enclave. RESULTS Our study cohort consisted of 6186 patients and 39% were foreign-born. A greater proportion of foreign-born patients were diagnosed at < 45 years old (16% vs. 11%, p < 0.0001) and had metastatic disease at presentation (47% vs. 34%, p < 0.0001). Foreign-born patients were more often uninsured, in the lowest nSES quintile, and the highest (most ethnically distinct) quintile for Hispanic enclave. Stage-specific overall survival was significantly higher among foreign-born patients. In our multivariate model, foreign-born Hispanic patients had improved survival versus US-born (hazard ratio [HR] 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82-0.99). CONCLUSIONS The clinical presentation of gastric cancer differs significantly between foreign-born and U.S.-born Hispanic patients. Foreign-born Hispanic patients have improved survival after adjusting for socioeconomic, neighborhood, and clinical factors. Further studies are needed to identify specific causal mechanisms driving the observed survival difference by nativity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Ju
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John D Karalis
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Archana Bhat
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Center for Outcomes, Implementation, and Novel Interventions (S-COIN), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Timothy Hogan
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Courtney Balentine
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Center for Outcomes, Implementation, and Novel Interventions (S-COIN), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Adam C Yopp
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Patricio M Polanco
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sam C Wang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Matthew R Porembka
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Hargreaves D, Mates E, Menon P, Alderman H, Devakumar D, Fawzi W, Greenfield G, Hammoudeh W, He S, Lahiri A, Liu Z, Nguyen PH, Sethi V, Wang H, Neufeld LM, Patton GC. Strategies and interventions for healthy adolescent growth, nutrition, and development. Lancet 2022; 399:198-210. [PMID: 34856192 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01593-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a pivotal point in the life course, characterised by transformative physical, cognitive, and emotional growth, an openness to change, and a drive to reshape the social environment. It offers unique opportunities to adopt changes in diet and physical activity that can persist into later life. Yet pre-existing nutritional problems, including micronutrient deficiencies, food insecurity, and poor-quality diets, persist at the same time as adolescents face the rapid emergence of an obesity epidemic. Adolescent growth and nutrition has been largely overlooked in intervention and policy research. Most intervention studies have emphasised micronutrient supplementation, with few taking into account the multiple drivers of adolescent diets. This Series paper highlights that effective interventions and policies will need to cut across sectors; be supported by multifaceted and multilevel policy; and extend across education, health, food systems, social protection, and digital media. Better data standardisation and systems will be essential in coordinating and monitoring these responses. In a context of shifts in planetary ecosystems and commercial drivers, resilient food systems will need to both ensure access to healthy and affordable foods and provide the infrastructure and incentives for continuing physical activity. Intergenerational partnerships with young people will be essential in bringing about transformative change and ensuring that food policies reflect their needs and aspirations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dougal Hargreaves
- Mohn Centre for Children's Health and Wellbeing, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Purnima Menon
- International Food Policy Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Harold Alderman
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Delan Devakumar
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wafai Fawzi
- Departments of Global Health, Epidemiology, and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Geva Greenfield
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Weeam Hammoudeh
- Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Birzeit, West Bank, occupied Palestinian territory
| | - Shanshan He
- Youth Nework for the Lancet Standing Commission on Adolescent Health and Wellbeing, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Haijun Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - George C Patton
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Levchenko Y. Aging into disadvantage: Disability crossover among Mexican immigrants in America. Soc Sci Med 2021; 285:114290. [PMID: 34352506 PMCID: PMC8416786 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The "Hispanic paradox" refers to the accepted finding that Mexican immigrants have lower mortality compared to the US-born population, despite having lower levels of income, educational attainment, and health insurance coverage. However, Mexican immigrants' mortality advantage is not matched by lower disability rates, particularly later in the life course. Past studies have identified a crossover in disability rates for Mexican immigrants using age-specific disability rates but confound the effects of aging and duration of residence. By using the synthetic cohort method, I extend prior work on the disability crossover by tracing immigrant cohorts across the life course and disentangling newly arrived immigrants from those already established in the U.S. I use American Community Survey (ACS) 2015-2019 data to test whether the acculturation or cumulative disadvantage hypotheses account for the disability crossover. I find that, contrary to the expected finding of a socioeconomic health gradient in disability rates, Mexican immigrants' high disability rates converge regardless of education level or immigrant cohort. In addition, Mexican female immigrants are doubly disadvantaged, living in a protracted period of disability compared to males of the same education level. My findings support the negative health acculturation hypothesis as the dominant pathway for Mexican immigrants' later-life disability trajectories and consequently the explanation behind the disability crossover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliana Levchenko
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, 412 Oswald Tower, University Park, 16802, Pennsylvania, United States.
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The Weight of Being Unauthorized? Legal Status Variation in the Association between US Exposure and Obesity among Hispanic Immigrants in Los Angeles. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 23:936-945. [PMID: 33983476 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We examine whether exposure to the US, experienced under certain conditions of disadvantage, namely immigrant legal status, is associated with body weight. Using the pooled, cross-sectional 2001 and 2008 Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (LAFANS) (n = 2063), we examine whether body mass index (BMI) and obesity vary by Hispanic immigrants' legal status and time exposure to the US. The increased risk of obesity associated with greater US exposure is more pronounced among unauthorized Hispanic immigrants compared to their legally resident coethnic peers, after adjusting for age and age-at-arrival. It is not only residing in the US that is associated with increases in body weight, but residing in the US as an unauthorized immigrant. Improved data and methods are needed to facilitate research of greater policy significance and a refined understanding of how health integration processes vary by legal status.
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Bechoff A, Forsythe L, Njau M, Martin A, Audifas G, Abass A, Tomlins K. Women Eat More Rice and Banana: The Influence of Gender and Migration on Staple Food Choice in East Africa. Ecol Food Nutr 2020; 59:506-524. [PMID: 32343166 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2020.1755278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An original approach was used to examine how staple food choice differs by gender and migration: this consisted of a quantitative survey (six locations with urban consumers from various economic classes (n = 123)), a qualitative in-depth interview with a subset of those consumers (n = 18), and focus group discussions (n = 13). Men and women had similar results in terms of their preferred staple food choice attributes; yet women indicated consuming more rice and banana, and men, more maize and cassava (Chi-squared test; p < .05). Migration status and life stage (formative or adult years) also influenced the type and diversity of staple crops reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Bechoff
- Natural Resources Institute (NRI), University of Greenwich , Chatham, UK
| | - Lora Forsythe
- Natural Resources Institute (NRI), University of Greenwich , Chatham, UK
| | - Maria Njau
- Independent Consultant , Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Adrienne Martin
- Natural Resources Institute (NRI), University of Greenwich , Chatham, UK
| | - Gaspar Audifas
- International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) , Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Adebayo Abass
- International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) , Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Keith Tomlins
- Natural Resources Institute (NRI), University of Greenwich , Chatham, UK
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