1
|
Péchoux C, Antigny F, Perros F. A correlated light and electron microscopy approach to study the subcellular localization of phosphorylated vimentin in human lung tissue. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 187:117-137. [PMID: 38705622 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2024.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Correlative microscopy is an important approach for bridging the resolution gap between fluorescence light and electron microscopy. Here, we describe a fast and simple method for correlative immunofluorescence and immunogold labeling on the same section to elucidate the localization of phosphorylated vimentin (P-Vim), a robust feature of pulmonary vascular remodeling in cells of human lung small arteries. The lung is a complex, soft and difficult tissue to prepare for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Detailing the molecular composition of small pulmonary arteries (<500μm) would be of great significance for research and diagnostics. Using the classical methods of immunochemistry (either hydrophilic resin or thin cryosections), is difficult to locate small arteries for analysis by TEM. To address this problem and to observe the same structures by both light and electron microscopy, correlative microscopy is a reliable approach. Immunofluorescence enables us to know the distribution of P-Vim in cells but does not provide ultrastructural detail on its localization. Labeled structures selected by fluorescence microscope can be identified and further analyzed by TEM at high resolution. With our method, the morphology of the arteries is well preserved, enabling the localization of P-Vim inside pulmonary endothelial cells. By applying this approach, fluorescent signals can be directly correlated to the corresponding subcellular structures in areas of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Péchoux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroparisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France; MIMA2 Imaging Core Facility, Microscopie et Imagerie des Microorganismes, Animaux et Aliments, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999 "Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Frédéric Perros
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang FX, Sall J, Petzold C, van Opbergen CJM, Liang X, Delmar M. Nanogold based protein localization enables subcellular visualization of cell junction protein by SBF-SEM. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 177:55-81. [PMID: 37451776 PMCID: PMC10612668 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in volume electron microscopy (vEM) allow unprecedented visualization of the electron-dense structures of cells, tissues and model organisms at nanometric resolution in three dimensions (3D). Light-based microscopy has been widely used for specific localization of proteins; however, it is restricted by the diffraction limit of light, and lacks the ability to identify underlying structures. Here, we describe a protocol for ultrastructural detection, in three dimensions, of a protein (Connexin 43) expressed in the intercalated disc region of adult murine heart. Our protocol does not rest on the expression of genetically encoded proteins and it overcomes hurdles related to pre-embedding and immunolabeling, such as the penetration of the label and the preservation of the tissue. The pre-embedding volumetric immuno-electron microscopy (pre-embedding vIEM) protocol presented here combines several practical strategies to balance sample fixation with antigen and ultrastructural preservation, and penetration of labeling with blocking of non-specific antigen binding sites. The small 1.4 nm gold along with surrounded silver used as a detection marker buried in the sample also serves as a functional conductive resin that significantly reduces the charging of samples. Our protocol also presents strategies for facilitating the successful cutting of the samples during serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) imaging. Our results suggest that the small gold-based pre-embedding vIEM is an ideal labeling method for molecular localization throughout the depth of the sample at subcellular compartments and membrane microdomains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xia Liang
- Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Joseph Sall
- Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chris Petzold
- Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chantal J M van Opbergen
- Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xiangxi Liang
- Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mario Delmar
- Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Song DH, Song CW, Chung J, Jang EH, Kim H, Hur Y, Hur EM, Kim D, Chang JB. In situ silver nanoparticle development for molecular-specific biological imaging via highly accessible microscopies. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:1636-1650. [PMID: 36926569 PMCID: PMC10012848 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00449f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In biological studies and diagnoses, brightfield (BF), fluorescence, and electron microscopy (EM) are used to image biomolecules inside cells. When compared, their relative advantages and disadvantages are obvious. BF microscopy is the most accessible of the three, but its resolution is limited to a few microns. EM provides a nanoscale resolution, but sample preparation is time-consuming. In this study, we present a new imaging technique, which we termed decoration microscopy (DecoM), and quantitative investigations to address the aforementioned issues in EM and BF microscopy. For molecular-specific EM imaging, DecoM labels proteins inside cells using antibodies bearing 1.4 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and grows silver layers on the AuNPs' surfaces. The cells are then dried without buffer exchange and imaged using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Structures labeled with silver-grown AuNPs are clearly visible on SEM, even they are covered with lipid membranes. Using stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, we show that the drying process causes negligible distortion of structures and that less structural deformation could be achieved through simple buffer exchange to hexamethyldisilazane. Using DecoM, we visualize the nanoscale alterations in microtubules by microtubule-severing proteins that cannot be observed with diffraction-limited fluorescence microscopy. We then combine DecoM with expansion microscopy to enable sub-micron resolution BF microscopy imaging. We first show that silver-grown AuNPs strongly absorb white light, and the structures labeled with them are clearly visible on BF microscopy. We then show that the application of AuNPs and silver development must follow expansion to visualize the labeled proteins clearly with sub-micron resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Hyeon Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea
| | - Chang Woo Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea
| | | | - Eun-Hae Jang
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University Seoul Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea
| | - Yongsuk Hur
- BioMedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Hur
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University Seoul Korea
- BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University Seoul Korea
| | - Doory Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University Seoul Korea
| | - Jae-Byum Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Takizawa T, Robinson JM. Correlative fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy in tissues. Methods Cell Biol 2012; 111:37-57. [PMID: 22857922 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416026-2.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Correlative microscopy has meant different things over the years; currently, this term refers to imaging the same exact structures with two or more imaging modalities. This commonly involves combining fluorescence and electron microscopy. Much of the recent work related to correlative microscopy has been done using cell culture models. However, many biological questions cannot be addressed in these models, but require instead the 3-dimensional organization of cells found in tissues. Herein, we discuss some of the issues related to correlative microscopy of tissues including the major reporter systems presently available for correlative microscopy. We present data from our own work in which we have focused on the use of ultrathin cryosections of tissues as the substrate for immunolabeling to combine immunofluorescence and electron microscopy of the same sub-cellular structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Takizawa
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Su Y, Nykanen M, Jahn KA, Whan R, Cantrill L, Soon LL, Ratinac KR, Braet F. Multi-dimensional correlative imaging of subcellular events: combining the strengths of light and electron microscopy. Biophys Rev 2010; 2:121-135. [PMID: 28510069 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-010-0035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To genuinely understand how complex biological structures function, we must integrate knowledge of their dynamic behavior and of their molecular machinery. The combined use of light or laser microscopy and electron microscopy has become increasingly important to our understanding of the structure and function of cells and tissues at the molecular level. Such a combination of two or more different microscopy techniques, preferably with different spatial- and temporal-resolution limits, is often referred to as 'correlative microscopy'. Correlative imaging allows researchers to gain additional novel structure-function information, and such information provides a greater degree of confidence about the structures of interest because observations from one method can be compared to those from the other method(s). This is the strength of correlative (or 'combined') microscopy, especially when it is combined with combinatorial or non-combinatorial labeling approaches. In this topical review, we provide a brief historical perspective of correlative microscopy and an in-depth overview of correlative sample-preparation and imaging methods presently available, including future perspectives on the trend towards integrative microscopy and microanalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Su
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Madsen Building F09, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Marko Nykanen
- Kids Research Institute, Children's Hospital Westmead, Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Kristina A Jahn
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Madsen Building F09, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Renee Whan
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Madsen Building F09, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Laurence Cantrill
- Kids Research Institute, Children's Hospital Westmead, Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Lilian L Soon
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Madsen Building F09, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kyle R Ratinac
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Madsen Building F09, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Filip Braet
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Madsen Building F09, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vicidomini G, Gagliani MC, Cortese K, Krieger J, Buescher P, Bianchini P, Boccacci P, Tacchetti C, Diaspro A. A novel approach for correlative light electron microscopy analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2010; 73:215-24. [PMID: 19725102 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) is a multimodal technique of increasing utilization in functional, biochemical, and molecular biology. CLEM attempts to combine multidimensional information from the complementary fluorescence light microscopy (FLM) and electron microscopy (EM) techniques to bridge the various resolution gaps. Within this approach the very same cell/structure/event observed at level can be analyzed as well by FLM and EM. Unfortunately, these studies turned out to be extremely time consuming and are not suitable for statistical relevant data. Here, we describe a new CLEM method based on a robust specimen preparation protocol, optimized for cryosections (Tokuyasu method) and on an innovative image processing toolbox for a novel type of multimodal analysis. Main advantages obtained using the proposed CLEM method are: (1) hundred times more cells/structures/events that can be correlated in each single microscopy session; (2) three-dimensional correlation between FLM and EM, obtained by means of ribbons of serial cryosections and electron tomography microscopy (ETM); (3) high rate of success for each CLEM experiment, obtained implementing protection of samples from physical damage and from loss of fluorescence; (4) compatibility with the classical immunogold and immunofluorescence labeling techniques. This method has been successfully validated for the correlative analysis of Russel Bodies subcellular compartments.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
In an age of digital imaging, photographic film still provides a viable and effective means for recording fluorescence images by photomicrography. To maximize the quality of results that are obtained, a photographic emulsion with sufficient sensitivity for the low light level characteristic of Immunofluorescence must be selected, exposures adjusted for reciprocity failure, and modern, high numerical aperture objective lenses employed to produce the brightest possible image. Mounting media that reduce the effects of photobleaching on fluorochromes also help to maintain image brightness, and so reduce exposure times. Digital scanning of film-based micrographs provides the convenience of utilizing image processing software to adjust image density and contrast, and to produce quality prints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Mullins
- Biology Department, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ellis SL, Williams B, Asquith S, Bertoncello I, Nilsson SK. An innovative triple immunogold labeling method to investigate the hemopoietic stem cell niche in situ. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2009; 15:403-414. [PMID: 19754979 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927609990924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ultrastructural study of rare cells within their niche in situ is very difficult. We have developed a method for locating individual transplanted cells and simultaneously identifying and analyzing the molecules and cellular phenotypes surrounding them in situ using transmission electron microscopy. This innovative method involves triple immunogold labeling combined with serial ultrathin sectioning. We demonstrate the validity of this approach by examining the niche of individual transplanted cells from a population highly enriched for hemopoietic stem cells and the ultrastructural expression of two key stem cell regulatory molecules, hyaluronic acid and osteopontin. In addition, we describe the phenotypes of the surrounding cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Ellis
- Microscopy Core Facility, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Smith SA, Morrissey JH. Sensitive fluorescence detection of polyphosphate in polyacrylamide gels using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindol. Electrophoresis 2008; 28:3461-5. [PMID: 17847128 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PAGE is commonly used to identify and resolve inorganic polyphosphates (polyP). We now report highly sensitive and specific staining methods for polyP in polyacrylamide gels based on the fluorescent dye, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindol (DAPI). DAPI bound to polyP in gels fluoresced yellow while DAPI bound to nucleic acids or glycosaminoglycans fluoresced blue. Inclusion of EDTA prevented staining of glycosaminoglycans by DAPI. We also identified conditions under which DAPI that was bound to polyP (but not nucleic acids or other anionic polymers) rapidly photobleached. This allowed us to develop an even more sensitive and specific negative staining method that distinguishes polyP from nucleic acids and glycosaminoglycans. The lower LOD using DAPI negative staining was 4 pmol (0.3 ng) phosphate per band, compared to conventional toluidine blue staining with a lower LOD of 250 pmol per band.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 506 S. Mathews, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sosinsky GE, Giepmans BNG, Deerinck TJ, Gaietta GM, Ellisman MH. Markers for correlated light and electron microscopy. Methods Cell Biol 2007; 79:575-91. [PMID: 17327175 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(06)79023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gina E Sosinsky
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research and Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Takizawa T, Robinson JM. Ultrathin cryosections: an important tool for immunofluorescence and correlative microscopy. J Histochem Cytochem 2003; 51:707-14. [PMID: 12754282 DOI: 10.1177/002215540305100602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we show that ultrathin cryosections of placental tissue can be used as a substrate in immunofluorescence experiments. A high degree of spatial resolution can be achieved in these preparations because there is essentially no out-of-focus fluorescence. Therefore, immunofluorescence microscopy using ultrathin cryosections provides a very useful method for determining the precise subcellular localization of antigens in tissues. In addition, ultrathin cryosections of placenta also serve as a substrate for correlative immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy using FluoroNanogold as the detection system. In correlative microscopy, the exact same structures in the same ultrathin section were observed by both fluorescence and electron microscopy. Using a particle counting procedure and electron microscopy, we compared the labeling obtained with colloidal gold and FluoroNanogold and found a higher number of particles with silver-enhanced FluoroNanogold than with colloidal gold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Takizawa
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|