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Morsy MA, Khalaf HM, Rifaai RA, Bayoumi AMA, Khalifa EMMA, Ibrahim YF. Canagliflozin, an SGLT-2 inhibitor, ameliorates acetic acid-induced colitis in rats through targeting glucose metabolism and inhibiting NOX2. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111902. [PMID: 34328119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease is defined as chronic noninfectious inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Its incidence and predominance have increased globally, with no effective agents for preventing its recurrence or treatment until now. AIM The current study aimed to investigate the possible role of canagliflozin (CANA), a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2), to prevent and treat acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis in a rat model. METHODS Colitis was induced in male Wistar rats by intrarectal instillation of 1 ml of 4% (v/v) AA. Rats were treated orally with either CANA (30 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 10 days before or after colitis induction or sulfasalazine (360 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 10 days before colitis induction. RESULTS AA resulted in a significant increase in disease activity index, colonic weight over length ratio, colon macroscopic damage score, and histological signs of colitis. All of these effects were significantly decreased by CANA administration. Additionally, CANA markedly inhibited AA-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by significantly reducing the up-regulated levels in malondialdehyde, total nitrite, NF-κB, interleukin-1β, and TNF-α, and significantly increasing the down-regulated levels in reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and interleukin-10. CANA significantly inhibited caspase-3 level while rescued survivin expression in colons. Finally, CANA reduced the elevated levels of pyruvic acid and G6PDH activity, as well as the levels of p22phox and NOX2 in the AA-induced colitis. CONCLUSION Our findings provide novel evidence that CANA has protective and therapeutic effects against AA-induced colitis by the impact of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt.
| | - Hanaa M Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Rifaai
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M A Bayoumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Esraa M M A Khalifa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, El-Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Yasmine F Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
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2
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Goikuria H, Freijo MDM, Vega Manrique R, Sastre M, Elizagaray E, Lorenzo A, Vandenbroeck K, Alloza I. Characterization of Carotid Smooth Muscle Cells during Phenotypic Transition. Cells 2018; 7:cells7030023. [PMID: 29562638 PMCID: PMC5870355 DOI: 10.3390/cells7030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are central players in carotid atherosclerosis plaque development. Although the precise mechanisms involved in plaque destabilization are not completely understood, it is known that VSMC proliferation and migration participate in plaque stabilization. In this study, we analyzed expression patterns of genes involved in carotid atherosclerosis development (e.g., transcription factors of regulation of SMC genes) of VSMCs located inside or outside the plaque lesion that may give clues about changes in phenotypic plasticity during atherosclerosis. VSMCs were isolated from 39 carotid plaques extracted from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients by endarterectomy. Specific biomarker expression, related with VSMC phenotype, was analyzed by qPCR, western immunoblot, and confocal microscopy. MYH11, CNN1, SRF, MKL2, and CALD1 were significantly underexpressed in VSMCs from plaques compared with VSMCs from a macroscopically intact (MIT) region, while SPP1, KLF4, MAPLC3B, CD68, and LGALS3 were found significantly upregulated in plaque VSMCs versus MIT VSMCs. The gene expression pattern of arterial VSMCs from a healthy donor treated with 7-ketocholesterol showed high similarity with the expression pattern of carotid plaque VSMCs. Our results indicate that VSMCs isolated from plaque show a typical SMC dedifferentiated phenotype with macrophage-like features compared with VSMCs isolated from a MIT region of the carotid artery. Additionally, MYH11, KLF5, and SPP1 expression patterns were found to be associated with symptomatology of human carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haize Goikuria
- Neurogenomiks Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Basque Country University, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
- ACHUCARRO Basque Center for Neuroscience, Basque Country University, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | | | | | - María Sastre
- Neurogenomiks Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Basque Country University, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
- ACHUCARRO Basque Center for Neuroscience, Basque Country University, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | | | - Ana Lorenzo
- Neurology Unit, Basurto University Hospital (BUH), 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Koen Vandenbroeck
- Neurogenomiks Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Basque Country University, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
- ACHUCARRO Basque Center for Neuroscience, Basque Country University, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Iraide Alloza
- Neurogenomiks Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Basque Country University, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
- ACHUCARRO Basque Center for Neuroscience, Basque Country University, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
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Vargas A, Peltier A, Dubé J, Lefebvre-Lavoie J, Moulin V, Goulet F, Lavoie JP. Evaluation of contractile phenotype in airway smooth muscle cells isolated from endobronchial biopsy and tissue specimens from horses. Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:359-370. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.3.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hliscs M, Millet C, Dixon MW, Siden-Kiamos I, McMillan P, Tilley L. Organization and function of an actin cytoskeleton inPlasmodium falciparumgametocytes. Cell Microbiol 2014; 17:207-25. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Hliscs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
- School of Botany; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
| | - Coralie Millet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
| | - Matthew W. Dixon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
| | - Inga Siden-Kiamos
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; Foundation for Research and Technology; Hellas, 700 13 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Paul McMillan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
- The Biological Optical Microscopy Platform; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
| | - Leann Tilley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
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A unique series of reversibly switchable fluorescent proteins with beneficial properties for various applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:4455-60. [PMID: 22375034 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1113770109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversibly switchable fluorescent proteins (RSFPs) have attracted widespread interest for emerging techniques including repeated tracking of protein behavior and superresolution microscopy. Among the limited number of RSFPs available, only Dronpa is widely employed for most cell biology applications due to its monomeric and other favorable photochemical properties. Here we developed a series of monomeric green RSFPs with beneficial optical characteristics such as high photon output per switch, high photostability, a broad range of switching rate, and pH-dependence, which make them potentially useful for various applications. One member of this series, mGeos-M, exhibits the highest photon budget and localization precision potential among all green RSFPs. We propose mGeos-M as a candidate to replace Dronpa for applications such as dynamic tracking, dual-color superresolution imaging, and optical lock-in detection.
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Endlich N, Otey CA, Kriz W, Endlich K. Movement of stress fibers away from focal adhesions identifies focal adhesions as sites of stress fiber assembly in stationary cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 64:966-76. [PMID: 17868136 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Force generated in contractile actin filament bundles (stress fibers-SFs) is transmitted to the extracellular matrix (ECM) via linker proteins and transmembrane integrins at focal adhesions (FAs). Though it has long been known that actin is rapidly exchanged in FAs, the connection between SFs and FAs has not been studied in detail. We introduced fiduciary marks on SFs by expressing GFP-palladin or GFP-alpha-actinin-1, which are both FA and dense body proteins, and by pattern bleaching of GFP-actin. Following fiduciary marks on SFs over time by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy, we detected assembly of SFs at FAs in stationary cells resulting in movement of SFs away from FAs with a velocity of 0.2-0.4 microm/min. Visualization of FAs in GFP-palladin/DsRed-paxillin double transfected cells showed that SF elongation was not accompanied by a change in FA length. SF elongation at FAs depended on actin polymerization and force as demonstrated by inhibitors of actin polymerization (cytochalasin D, jasplakinolide) and inhibitors of myosin-dependent contraction (blebbistatin, Y-27632), respectively. Our finding of SF assembly at FAs has important implications for SF formation, force transmission, and tension distribution within the actin cytoskeletal network of stationary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Brown D, Dykes A, Black J, Thatcher S, Fultz ME, Wright GL. Differential actin isoform reorganization in the contracting A7r5 cell. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 84:867-75. [PMID: 17111031 DOI: 10.1139/y06-027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the reorganization of alpha- and beta-actin in the contracting A7r5 smooth muscle cell. The remodeling of these actin variants was markedly different in response to increasing concentrations of phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate (PDBu). At the lowest concentrations (< or =10(-7) mol/L), cells showed an approximately 70% loss in alpha-actin stress fibers with robust transport of this isoform to podosomes. By comparison, beta-actin remained in stress fibers in cells stimulated at low concentrations (< or =10(-7) mol/L) of PDBu. However, at high concentrations (> or =10(-6)mol/L) approximately 50% of cells showed transport of beta-actin to podosomes. Consistent with these findings, staining with phalloidin indicated a significant decrease in the whole-cell content of F-actin with PDBu treatment. However, staining with DNase I indicated no change in the cellular content of G-actin, suggesting reduced access of phalloidin to tightly packed actin in the podosome core. Inhibition of protein kinase C (staurosporine, bisindolymaleimide) blocked PDBu-induced (5 x 10(-8) mol/L) loss in alpha-actin stress fibers or reversed podosome formation with re-establishment of alpha-actin stress fibers. By comparison, these inhibitors caused partial loss of beta-actin stress fibers. The results support our earlier conclusion of independent remodeling of alpha- and beta-actin cytoskeletal structure and suggest that the regulation of these structures is different.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Brown
- Department of Physiology, The Joan Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25704, USA
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Röper K, Mao Y, Brown NH. Contribution of sequence variation inDrosophilaactins to their incorporation into actin-based structures in vivo. J Cell Sci 2005; 118:3937-48. [PMID: 16105877 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin is a highly conserved protein important for many cellular functions including motility, contraction in muscles and intracellular transport. Many eukaryotic genomes encode multiple actin protein isoforms that differ from each other by only a few residues. We addressed whether the sequence differences between actin paralogues in one species affect their ability to integrate into the large variety of structures generated by filamentous actin. We thus ectopically expressed all six Drosophila actins as fusion proteins with green fluorescent protein (GFP) in a variety of embryonic, larval and adult fly tissues. We found that each actin was able to integrate into most actin structures analysed. For example, in contrast to studies in mammalian cells, the two Drosophila cytoplasmic actins were incorporated into muscle sarcomeres. However, there were differences in the efficiency with which each actin was incorporated into specific actin structures. The most striking difference was observed within the Z-lines of the sarcomeres: one actin was specifically excluded and we mapped this feature to one or both of two residues within the C-terminal half of the protein. Thus, in Drosophila, the primary sequence of different actins does affect their ability to incorporate into actin structures, and so specific GFPactins may be used to label certain actin structures particularly well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Röper
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Anatomy, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
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Smith BA, Tolloczko B, Martin JG, Grütter P. Probing the viscoelastic behavior of cultured airway smooth muscle cells with atomic force microscopy: stiffening induced by contractile agonist. Biophys J 2005; 88:2994-3007. [PMID: 15665124 PMCID: PMC1305393 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.104.046649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex rheology of airway smooth muscle cells and its dynamic response during contractile stimulation involves many molecular processes, foremost of which are actomyosin cross-bridge cycling and actin polymerization. With an atomic force microscope, we tracked the spatial and temporal variations of the viscoelastic properties of cultured airway smooth muscle cells. Elasticity mapping identified stiff structural elements of the cytoskeletal network. Using a precisely positioned microscale probe, picoNewton forces and nanometer level indentation modulations were applied to cell surfaces at frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 100 Hz. The resulting elastic storage modulus (G') and dissipative modulus (G'') increased dramatically, with hysteresivity (eta = G''/G') showing a definitive decrease after stimulation with the contractile agonist 5-hydroxytryptamine. Frequency-dependent assays showed weak power-law structural damping behavior and universal scaling in support of the soft-glassy material description of cellular biophysics. Additionally, a high-frequency component of the loss modulus (attributed to cellular Newtonian viscosity) increased fourfold during the contractile process. The complex shear modulus showed a strong sensitivity to the degree of actin polymerization. Inhibitors of myosin light chain kinase activity had little effect on the stiffening response to contractile stimulation. Thus, our measurements appear to be particularly well suited for characterization of dynamic actin rheology during airway smooth muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Smith
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience & Scanning Probe Microscopy Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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10
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Chaponnier C, Gabbiani G. Pathological situations characterized by altered actin isoform expression. J Pathol 2004; 204:386-95. [PMID: 15495226 DOI: 10.1002/path.1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of actin isoform expression is a well-established feature of developmental phenomena. As one might expect, it is also characteristic of several pathological situations that are the subject of the present review. alpha-Smooth muscle actin has proven to be a reliable marker for identifying (a) vascular smooth muscle cells during vascular development and vascular diseases, and (b) myofibroblasts during wound healing, fibrocontractive diseases, and stromal reaction to epithelial tumours. The hallmark of a differentiated myofibroblast relies on the acquisition of an organized contractile apparatus characterized by alpha-smooth muscle actin-expressing stress fibres. More and more data suggest that alpha-smooth muscle actin plays a direct role in myofibroblast contractile activity through its N-terminal domain AcEEED. Newly developed antibodies against alpha-skeletal and alpha-cardiac actins have allowed the detection of subpopulations of alpha-skeletal positive cardiomyocytes in adult, hypertrophic, and failing heart. These antibodies have also permitted us to identify the differentiation degree of malignant cells in tumours such as rhabdomyosarcoma. Whether the differential expression of actin isoforms in human diseases is functionally relevant is not yet fully established, although studies on human actin mutations, actin null mice, and the N-terminal end of alpha-smooth muscle actin support this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Chaponnier
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, CMU, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Ritchie J, Kuchel GA. A prospective evaluation of the pathogenesis of detrusor instability in women, using electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. BJU Int 2001; 88:645-6. [PMID: 11678770 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-4096.2001.2429.x-i5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Song J, Rolfe BE, Hayward IP, Campbell GR, Campbell JH. Reorganization of structural proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells grown in collagen gel and basement membrane matrices (Matrigel): a comparison with their in situ counterparts. J Struct Biol 2001; 133:43-54. [PMID: 11356063 DOI: 10.1006/jsbi.2001.4327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
When smooth muscle cells are enzyme-dispersed from tissues they lose their original filament architecture and extracellular matrix surrounds. They then reorganize their structural proteins to accommodate a 2-D growth environment when seeded onto culture dishes. The aim of the present study was to determine the expression and reorganization of the structural proteins in rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells seeded into 3-D collagen gel and Matrigel (a basement membrane matrix). It was shown that smooth muscle cells seeded in both gels gradually reorganize their structural proteins into an architecture similar to that of their in vivo counterparts. At the same time, a gradual decrease in levels of smooth muscle-specific contractile proteins (mainly smooth muscle myosin heavy chain-2) and an increase in beta-nonmuscle actin occur, independent of both cell growth and extracellular matrix components. Thus, smooth muscle cells in 3-D extracellular matrix culture and in vivo have a similar filament architecture in which the contractile proteins such as actin, myosin, and alpha-actinin are organized into longitudinally arranged "myofibrils" and the vimentin-containing intermediate filaments form a meshed cytoskeletal network. However, the myofibrils reorganized in vitro contain less smooth muscle-specific and more nonmuscle contractile proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Song
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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