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Flores-Méndez LC, Gómez-Gil B, Guerrero A, Hernández C. Effects of Dietary Agavin on the Gut Microbiota of the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Reared at High Densities. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:386. [PMID: 39358608 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03919-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
High-density stress can lead to dysbiotic microbiota, affecting the organism's metabolic, and protective functions. Agavin is a fructan with prebiotic properties that regulate the gut microbiota by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria. This study evaluated the effect of agavin on the gut microbiota using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and its correlation with the growth parameters. Four groups of fish were fed different diets: a control diet (negative and positive control), without agavin supplementation, and two experimental diets supplemented with agavin at 20 g kg-1 and 40 g kg-1. Nile tilapias (1.04 g ± 0.01 g) were fed for 110 days. After 90 days of feeding, fish were subjected to high-density stress (63 kg m-3) for 20 days, except for the negative control. NGS detected 1579 different operational taxonomic units in the samples. In the correlation analysis of growth parameters, the families Vibrionaceae and Methyloligillaceae showed a positive correlation with fish growth parameters, these results may serve to know the relation of agavin and microbiota on the growth performance, as well as the metabolic activities of families in tilapia. Furthermore, high-density stress and agavin supplementation modify the gut microbiota in tilapia. At a low-density, supplementation with 20 g kg-1 agavin promoted the growth of the potentially beneficial families Sphingomonadaceae, Oxalobacteriaceae, and Chitinophagaceae; at high densities, reduced the abundance of pathogenic families (Vibrionaceae and Aeromonadaceae). These results suggest that, under stress conditions, agavin can stimulate the growth of potentially beneficial bacteria and reduce the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria, suggesting its potential use as a prebiotic in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth C Flores-Méndez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Av. Sábalo Cerritos S/N., 82112, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Bruno Gómez-Gil
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Av. Sábalo Cerritos S/N., 82112, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Abraham Guerrero
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Av. Sábalo Cerritos S/N., 82112, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Crisantema Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Av. Sábalo Cerritos S/N., 82112, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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Soria E, Russo C, Carlos-Shanley C, Drewery M, Boswell W, Savage M, Sanchez L, Chang C, Varga ZM, Kent ML, Sharpton TJ, Lu Y. Assessment of various standard fish diets on gut microbiome of platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2024; 342:271-277. [PMID: 37614078 PMCID: PMC10962282 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Diet is an external factor that affects the physiological baseline of research animals. It can shape gut microbiome, which can impact the host. As a result, dietary variation can challenge experimental reproducibility and data integration across studies when not appropriately considered. To control for diet-induced variation, reference diets have been developed for common biomedical models. However, such reference diets have not yet been developed for nontraditional model organisms, such as Xiphophorus species. In this study, we compared two diets designed for zebrafish, a commercial zebrafish diet (Gemma and GEM), and a proposed zebrafish reference diet developed by the Watts laboratory at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (WAT) to the Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center custom diet (CON) to evaluate the influence of diet on the Xiphophorus gut microbiome. Xiphophorus maculatus were fed the three diets from 2 to 6 months of age. Feces were collected and the gut microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing every month. We observed substantial diet-driven variation in the gut microbiome. Our results indicate that diets developed specifically for zebrafish can affect the gut microbiome composition and may not be optimal for Xiphophorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Soria
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Crystal Russo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | | | - Merritt Drewery
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Will Boswell
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Markita Savage
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Lindsey Sanchez
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Carolyn Chang
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Zoltan M Varga
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael L Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Thomas J Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Yuan Lu
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
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Meriggi N, Russo A, Renzi S, Cerasuolo B, Nerini M, Ugolini A, Marvasi M, Cavalieri D. Enhancing seafood traceability: tracking the origin of seabass and seabream from the tuscan coast area by the analysis of the gill bacterial communities. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:13. [PMID: 38486253 PMCID: PMC10938666 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00300-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The seafood consumption and trade have increased over the years, and along its expected expansion pose major challenges to the seafood industry and government institutions. In particular, the global trade in fish products and the consequent consumption are linked to reliable authentication, necessary to guarantee lawful trade and healthy consumption. Alterations or errors in this process can lead to commercial fraud and/or health threats. Consequently, the development of new investigative tools became crucial in ensuring unwanted scenarios. Here we used NGS techniques through targeted metagenomics approach on the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA genes to characterize the gill bacterial communities in wild-caught seabream (Sparus aurata) and seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) within different fisheries areas of the "Costa degli Etruschi'' area in the Tuscan coast. Our challenge involved the possibility of discriminating between the microbiota of both fish species collected from three different fishing sites very close to each other (all within 100 km) in important areas from a commercial and tourist point of view. RESULTS Our results showed a significant difference in the assembly of gill bacterial communities in terms of diversity (alpha and beta diversity) of both seabass and seabream in accordance with the three fishing areas. These differences were represented by a unique site -related bacterial signature, more evident in seabream compared to the seabass. Accordingly, the core membership of seabream specimens within the three different sites was minimal compared to the seabass which showed a greater number of sequence variants shared among the different fishing sites. Therefore, the LRT analysis highlighted the possibility of obtaining specific fish bacterial signatures associated with each site; it is noteworthy that specific taxa showed a unique association with the fishing site regardless of the fish species. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of target-metagenomic sequencing of gills in discriminating bacterial signatures of specimens collected from fishing areas located at a limited distance to each other. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new information relating the structure of the gill microbiota of seabass and seabream in a fishing area with a crucial commercial and tourist interest, namely "Costa degli Etruschi". This study demonstrated that microbiome-based approaches can represent an important tool for validating the seafood origins with a central applicative perspective in the seafood traceability system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Meriggi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, IT56124, Italia
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, IT50019, Italy
| | - Sonia Renzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, IT50019, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cerasuolo
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, IT50019, Italy
| | - Marta Nerini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, IT50019, Italy
| | - Alberto Ugolini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, IT50125, Italia
| | | | - Duccio Cavalieri
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, IT50019, Italy.
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Wang LC, Chen LH, Chiu YC, Liou CY, Chen HC, Lu CY, Chen JL. Teleost skin microbiome: An intimate interplay between the environment and the host immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:108869. [PMID: 37285875 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mucosal microbiome plays a role in regulating host health. The research conducted in humans and mice has governed and detailed the information on microbiome-host immunity interactions. Teleost fish, different from humans and mice, lives in and relies on the aquatic environment and is subjected to environmental variation. The growth of teleost mucosal microbiome studies, the majority in the gastrointestinal tract, has emphasized the essential role of the teleost microbiome in growth and health. However, research in the teleost external surface microbiome, as the skin microbiome, has just started. In this review, we examine the general findings in the colonization of the skin microbiome, how the skin microbiome is subjected to environmental change and the reciprocal regulation with the host immune system, and the current challenges that potential study models can address. The information collected from teleost skin microbiome-host immunity research would help future teleost culturing from the potential parasitic infestation and bacterial infection as foreseeing growing threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Chun Wang
- Marine and Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Committee of Fisheries Extension Service, College of Marine Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Hsuan Chen
- Marine and Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Yu-Che Chiu
- Marine and Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Liou
- Marine and Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Chen
- Marine and Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Lu
- Marine and Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Lin Chen
- Marine and Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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In Vitro Evaluation of Postbiotics Produced from Bacterial Isolates Obtained from Rainbow Trout and Nile Tilapia against the Pathogens Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040861. [PMID: 36832935 PMCID: PMC9957526 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in aquaculture leads to the proliferation of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and an urgent need for developing new alternatives to prevent and control disease has, thus, arisen. In this scenario, postbiotics represent a promising tool to achieve this purpose; thus, in this study, isolation and selection of bacteria to further produce and evaluate their postbiotics antibacterial activity against fish pathogens was executed. In this respect, bacterial isolates from rainbow trout and Nile tilapia were obtained and tested in vitro against Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. From 369 obtained isolates, 69 were selected after initial evaluation. Afterwards, additional screening was carried out by spot-on-lawn assay to finally select twelve isolates; four were identified as Pediococcus acidilactici, seven as Weissella cibaria, and one as Weissella paramesenteroides by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization, time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Selected bacteria were used to obtain postbiotic products to test their antagonistic activity through coculture challenge and broth microdilution assays. The influence of incubation time prior to postbiotic production on antagonistic behavior was also recorded. Two isolates identified as W. cibaria were able to significantly reduce (p < 0.05) A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida's growth in the coculture challenge up to 4.49 ± 0.05 Log CFU/mL, and even though the reduction in Y. ruckeri was not as effective, some inhibition on the pathogen's growth was reported; at the same time, most of the postbiotic products obtained showed more antibacterial activity when obtained from broth cultures incubated for 72 h. Based on the results obtained, the preliminary identification of the isolates that expressed the highest inhibitory activity was confirmed by partial sequencing as W. cibaria. Through our study, it can be concluded that postbiotics produced by these strains are useful to inhibit the growth of the pathogens and could, thereby, be applicable in further research to develop suitable tools as feed additives for disease control and prevention in aquaculture.
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Banavar A, Amirkolaei SK, Duscher L, Khairunisa BH, Mukhopadhyay B, Schwarz M, Urick S, Ovissipour R. Nutritional Evaluation of Black Soldier Fly Frass as an Ingredient in Florida Pompano (Trachinotus carolinus L.) Diets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182407. [PMID: 36139267 PMCID: PMC9495079 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Carnivorous fish species, such as the Florida pompano, currently require expensive and unsustainable feed in order to be raised in an aquaculture setting. A waste product of the black soldier fly, frass has the potential to be an alternative carbohydrate source for these fish. This study aims to assess the potential of frass to mimic the growth, body, composition, and intestinal microbiome of pompano that can be achieved through commercial feed. Three diets with varying frass levels as well as a control diet were developed. The frass was found to increase the visceral somatic index and lower the hepatosomatic index. The frass did not alter the body composition or improve the growth performance, leading to a lower specific growth rate and higher feed conversion rate. The microbiome analysis showed the highest diversity of the gut flora in the control diet, while the frass diets showed signs of community imbalance. This may have been due to the decreased starch in the frass, which is usually metabolized by those microbial communities. Overall, frass diets are not ideal for carnivorous fish diets, but have could have potential for feed replacement in herbivore and detritivore fish species. Abstract The aquaculture industry is in need of sustainable fish feed to reduce the use of expensive and environmentally invasive wild-caught fish currently fed to many carnivorous species. The black soldier fly (BSF) has become a popular sustainable alternative protein source; however, the nutritional waste byproduct of BSF, frass, has not been extensively studied as a feed replacement in carnivorous species. This study evaluates the potential of BSF frass on the growth, body composition, and intestinal microbiome of the Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus. Four experimental diets were formulated containing different levels of frass, replacing plant-based carbohydrate sources. As a result of this study, the frass did not improve the growth performance, resulting in a lower specific growth rate and higher feed conversion rate. While the frass diets did not alter the body composition, the visceral somatic index (VSI) significantly increased compared to the control diet and the hepatosomatic index (HIS) was lowered. The microbiome analysis showed high variation among the diets, with the control diet having the most distinct consortia, which may have been driven by the increased levels of starch compared to frass diets. This study indicates that BSF frass may not be a suitable feed replacement for carnivorous pompano; however, frass could still potentially be a replacement feed for herbivore or detritivore fish and should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiti Banavar
- Future Foods Lab and Cellular Agriculture Initiative, Virginia Seafood Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Hampton, VA 23699, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Samad Keramat Amirkolaei
- Future Foods Lab and Cellular Agriculture Initiative, Virginia Seafood Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Hampton, VA 23699, USA
| | - Lexi Duscher
- Future Foods Lab and Cellular Agriculture Initiative, Virginia Seafood Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Hampton, VA 23699, USA
| | - Bela Haifa Khairunisa
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Biswarup Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Michael Schwarz
- Virginia Seafood Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Hampton, VA 23699, USA
| | - Steve Urick
- Virginia Seafood Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Hampton, VA 23699, USA
| | - Reza Ovissipour
- Future Foods Lab and Cellular Agriculture Initiative, Virginia Seafood Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Hampton, VA 23699, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Correspondence:
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Skin Culturable Microbiota in Farmed European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Two Aquacultures with and without Antibiotic Use. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10030303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined culturable skin microbiota that was associated with farmed European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Healthy European seabass were sampled during summer commercial harvest from one conventional fish farm where antibiotics are used, and from another practicing a certified antibiotic-free fish aquaculture. Physicochemical and microbiological analysis of seawater and sediment were performed, as well as determination of culturable bacteria, including Vibrio, from skin swabs of European seabass and seawater and sediment at both farms. Samples were processed for isolation of bacteria and their characterization by molecular and antibiotic susceptibility tests. In both fish farms, most of the bacteria that were identified in the skin belonged to the genera Pseudomonas and Vibrio. Some of the microbiota that were identified are known to be pathogenic to fish: V. alginolyticus, V. anguillarum, and V. harveyi. Vibrio strains showed higher resistance to certain antibiotics compared to previous studies. This study provides, for the first time, information on the culturable skin bacteria that is associated with healthy European seabass under culture conditions with and without the use of antibiotics. This information will be useful in assessing how changes in culturable microbiota may affect the health of farmed European seabass, indicating a potential problem for fish health management during disease outbreaks.
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Blaker E, Ellis T. Assessment, causes and consequences of short opercula in laboratoryreared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Anim Welf 2022. [DOI: 10.7120/09627286.31.1.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Opercular deformity is a common morphological abnormality of laboratory and other cultured fishes, observed in a wide variety of species but with an unclear aetiology. Following observations of short opercula in stocks of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared in our laboratory,
we developed a photographic key to score individual fish on a scale of 1 to 5. Inter-rater reliability was assessed as 'almost perfect'. This visual method is quick and simple to use, can be used to score live fish in situ in tanks as well as sampled fish, does not require sophisticated
equipment and provides quantitative information to investigate the aetiology of short opercula. Opercular size was scored for a cohort of in-house reared Atlantic salmon, in a time series of random samples of ≥ 30 fish (mean weights ranging from 0.8 to 299 g) over 14 months. Short opercula
were first recorded during the parr stage, prevalence and severity increased as the fish grew, and the deformity was asymmetrical, occurring predominantly on the left side. Therefore, among the many potential causal factors, nipping is suggested as the primary cause of short opercula within
our culture system, with asymmetry due to the clockwise current. We also present evidence that short opercula are associated with gill damage which supports this deformity being a welfare issue that merits assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Blaker
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - T Ellis
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
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Wang A, Zhang Z, Ding Q, Yang Y, Bindelle J, Ran C, Zhou Z. Intestinal Cetobacterium and acetate modify glucose homeostasis via parasympathetic activation in zebrafish. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-15. [PMID: 33840371 PMCID: PMC8043178 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1900996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The capability of carbohydrate utilization in fish is limited compared to mammals. It has scientific and practical significance to improve the ability of fish to use carbohydrates. The efficiency of dietary carbohydrate utilization varies among fish with different feeding habits, which are associated with differential intestinal microbiota. In this study, we found that zebrafish fed with omnivorous diet (OD) and herbivorous diet (HD) showed better glucose homeostasis compared with carnivorous diet (CD) fed counterpart and the differential glucose utilization efficiency was attributable to the intestinal microbiota. The commensal bacterium Cetobacterium somerae, an acetate producer, was enriched in OD and HD groups, and administration of C. somerae in both adult zebrafish and gnotobiotic larval zebrafish models resulted in improved glucose homeostasis and increased insulin expression, supporting a causative role of C. somerae enrichment in glucose homeostasis in fish. The enrichment of C. somerae was constantly associated with higher acetate levels, and dietary supplementation of acetate promotes glucose utilization in zebrafish, suggesting a contribution of acetate in the function of C. somerae. Furthermore, we found that the beneficial effect of both acetate and C. somerae on glucose homeostasis was mediated through parasympathetic activation. Overall, this work highlights the existence of a C. somerae-brain axis in the regulation of glucose homeostasis in fish and suggests a role of acetate in mediating the axis function. Our results suggest potential strategies for improvement of fish carbohydrate utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anran Wang
- Department of AgroBioChem/Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, AgroBioChem/TERRA, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liège University (ULiège), Gembloux, Belgium,China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, BeijingChina
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, BeijingChina
| | - Qianwen Ding
- Norway-China Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yalin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, BeijingChina
| | - Jérôme Bindelle
- Department of AgroBioChem/Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, AgroBioChem/TERRA, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liège University (ULiège), Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Chao Ran
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, BeijingChina,Chao Ran
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, BeijingChina,CONTACT Zhi-gang Zhou
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10
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Legrand T, Wos‐Oxley M, Wynne J, Weyrich L, Oxley A. Dead or alive: microbial viability treatment reveals both active and inactive bacterial constituents in the fish gut microbiota. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2528-2538. [PMID: 33945191 PMCID: PMC8596808 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study evaluated the microbial viability of fish gut microbiota in both digesta (faecal) and mucosal samples using a modified propidium monoazide (PMA) protocol, followed by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. METHODS AND RESULTS Digesta and gut mucosal samples from farmed yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) were collected and a modified PMA treatment was applied prior to DNA extraction to differentiate both active and nonviable microbial cells in the samples. All samples were then sequenced using a standard 16S rRNA approach. The digesta and mucosal samples contained significantly different bacterial communities, with a higher diversity observed in digesta samples. In addition, PMA treatment significantly reduced the microbial diversity and richness of digesta and mucosal samples and depleted bacterial constituents typically considered to be important within fish, such as Lactobacillales and Clostridales taxa. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that important bacterial members may not be active in the fish gut microbiota. In particular, several beneficial lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were identified as nonviable bacterial cells, potentially influencing the functional potential of the fish microbiota. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACTS OF THE STUDY Standardizing the methods for characterizing the fish microbiota are paramount in order to compare studies. In this study, we showed that both sample type and PMA treatment influence the bacterial communities found in the fish gut microbiota. Our findings also suggest that several microbes previously described in the fish gut may not be active constituents. As a result, these factors should be considered in future studies to better evaluate the active bacterial communities associated with the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.P.R.A. Legrand
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
- CSIRO, Agriculture and FoodHobartTasAustralia
- South Australian Research and Development InstituteAquatic Sciences CentreWest BeachSAAustralia
| | - M.L. Wos‐Oxley
- College of Science and EngineeringFlinders UniversityAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - J.W. Wynne
- CSIRO, Agriculture and FoodHobartTasAustralia
| | - L.S. Weyrich
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
- Department of Anthropology and Huck Institutes of Life SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - A.P.A. Oxley
- Faculty of Science Engineering and Built EnvironmentSchool of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVic.Australia
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Jia PP, Junaid M, Xin GY, Wang Y, Ma YB, Pei DS. Disruption of Intestinal Homeostasis Through Altered Responses of the Microbial Community, Energy Metabolites, and Immune System in Zebrafish After Chronic Exposure to DEHP. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:729530. [PMID: 34675901 PMCID: PMC8524448 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.729530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is ubiquitously reported in global water bodies and exhibits various environmental and human health risks. However, the effects of DEHP chronic exposure on the intestinal microbiota and associated host health concerns in aquatic species are still largely unexplored. In this study, chronic exposure to DEHP at environmental levels significantly increased the body weight, length, and body mass index (BMI), especially in male fish. The microbial community was disrupted with the relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes and genera diversity for Prevotella-7, Deefgea, PeM15, Halomonas, Akkermansia, Chitinibacter, and Roseomonas, which are significantly activated in zebrafish after exposure to DEHP. The height of the gut villus, the thickness of muscularis layer, and the number of goblet cells per villus were significantly decreased, as well as showed differences between female and male zebrafish. Further, the levels of energy-related metabolites in gut tissues were increased, compared to the control group. The expression levels of immune-related genes (interleukin 8, il-8, also referred to as cxcl8a), microbial defense-related genes (lysozyme, lyz, interleukin 10, and il-10), and obesity-related genes (aquaporin 8a, aqp8, mucin 2.1, muc2.1, fibroblast growth factor 2, fgf2, and proopiomelanocortin a, pomca) were significantly up-regulated in zebrafish, except the down-regulated expressions of toll-like receptor-5 (tlr-5) and interleukin 1β (il-1β) in the females and pomca in the males, respectively. Importantly, Spearman's correlation analyses revealed that the levels of metabolites and gene expressions in the gut were closely related to the dominant microbial genera, such as Aeromonas, Deefgea, Akkermansia, PeM15, Mycobacterium, and Rhodobacter. Taken together, chronic exposure to DEHP at environmental levels disturbed bacterial composition accompanied by the altered expressions of intestinal metabolites and the critical immune and intestinal function-related genes, which provided novel insights into DEHP effects on perturbation of gut microbiota and metabolic homeostasis in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Jia
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Yuan Xin
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Bo Ma
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Brenes-Soto A, Tye M, Esmail MY. The Role of Feed in Aquatic Laboratory Animal Nutrition and the Potential Impact on Animal Models and Study Reproducibility. ILAR J 2020; 60:197-215. [PMID: 33094819 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed plays a central role in the physiological development of terrestrial and aquatic animals. Historically, the feeding practice of aquatic research species derived from aquaculture, farmed, or ornamental trades. These diets are highly variable, with limited quality control, and have been typically selected to provide the fastest growth or highest fecundity. These variations of quality and composition of diets may affect animal/colony health and can introduce confounding experimental variables into animal-based studies that impact research reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brenes-Soto
- Department of Animal Science, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Marc Tye
- Zebrafish Core Facility, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael Y Esmail
- Tufts Comparative Medicine Services, Tufts University Health Science Campus, Boston, Massachusetts
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13
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Zhu C, Song W, Tao Z, Liu H, Zhang S, Xu W, Li H. Analysis of microbial diversity and composition in small intestine during different development times in ducks. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1096-1106. [PMID: 32029146 PMCID: PMC7587750 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the microbial profiles of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum during different developmental stages in the duck using high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. We also investigated the differences in the microbiota in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum at different developmental times. A correlation analysis was performed between the most abundant bacterial genera and the development of the small intestine. An analysis of alpha diversity indicated different species richness and bacterial diversity in the different small intestinal segments and at different development times. A beta diversity analysis indicated differences in the bacterial community compositions across time. In a weighted UniFrac principal coordinates analysis, the samples clustered into two categories, 2 to 4 wk and 6 to 10 wk, in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Our results show that the small intestine is predominantly populated by the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria throughout the developmental stages of the duck. The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum shared most of the bacterial phyla and genera present, although they showed significant differences in their relative abundances in the intestinal segments and developmental stages. They shared different bacterial taxa during development times and among different segments when the intergroup differences were analyzed. The genera Bacillus, Corynebacterium 1, Lactococcus, Sphingomonas, and Haliangium correlated moderately positively with the increase in bodyweight and the lengths and weights of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and these genera may be considered important markers when assessing the heath of the intestinal microbiota in ducks. This study provides a foundation upon which to extend our knowledge of the diversity and composition of the duck microbiota and a basis for further studies of the management of the small intestinal microbiota and improvements in the health and production of ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Zhu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Jiangsu Yangzhou, 225125, China.
| | - Weitao Song
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Jiangsu Yangzhou, 225125, China
| | - Zhiyun Tao
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Jiangsu Yangzhou, 225125, China
| | - Hongxiang Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Jiangsu Yangzhou, 225125, China
| | - Shuangjie Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Jiangsu Yangzhou, 225125, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Jiangsu Yangzhou, 225125, China
| | - Huifang Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Jiangsu Yangzhou, 225125, China.
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14
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Butt RL, Volkoff H. Gut Microbiota and Energy Homeostasis in Fish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:9. [PMID: 30733706 PMCID: PMC6353785 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The microorganisms within the intestinal tract (termed gut microbiota) have been shown to interact with the gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication system between the gut and the brain mediated by hormonal, immune, and neural signals. Through these interactions, the microbiota might affect behaviors, including feeding behavior, digestive/absorptive processes (e.g., by modulating intestinal motility and the intestinal barrier), metabolism, as well as the immune response, with repercussions on the energy homeostasis and health of the host. To date, research in this field has mostly focused on mammals. Studies on non-mammalian models such as fish may provide novel insights into the specific mechanisms involved in the microbiota-brain-gut axis. This review describes our current knowledge on the possible effects of microbiota on feeding, digestive processes, growth, and energy homeostasis in fish, with emphasis on the influence of brain and gut hormones, environmental factors, and inter-specific differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helene Volkoff
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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15
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Reid RM, D'Aquila AL, Biga PR. The validation of a sensitive, non-toxic in vivo metabolic assay applicable across zebrafish life stages. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 208:29-37. [PMID: 29162498 PMCID: PMC5936655 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Energy expenditure and metabolism, is a well-studied field as it is linked to many diseases as dysregulation of metabolism is associated with cancer, neurodegeneration, and aging. Classical methods of studying metabolism in vivo are well established, but most are tedious and expensive, thus, finding methods of accurately measuring metabolism in living organisms that is quick and non-invasive is of strong interest. In this work, we validate the use of resazurin; a compound that is conformationally changed into fluorescent resorufin upon metabolic reduction by NADH2, as a metabolic assay for adult zebrafish. This assay is based on the principle that increases in resorufin fluorescence intensity (FI) conveys relative changes in metabolic output of the organisms. We demonstrate the effectiveness of resazurin in measuring metabolic changes in zebrafish larvae and adults in relation to number of pooled fish, as well as temperature alteration. Moreover, we provide details on the appropriate and optimized diluents and concentrations of resazurin. Further, by using a novel sample collection technique, we can increase the temporal possibilities that were previously limited, as well as show that samples can be stored and measured at a later time point with no decrease in accuracy. Thus, the validation of this assay in adult zebrafish may increase the versatility and complexity of the types of experiments that can be performed and have many practical applications in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross M Reid
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrea L D'Aquila
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peggy R Biga
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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16
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Bagi A, Riiser ES, Molland HS, Star B, Haverkamp THA, Sydnes MO, Pampanin DM. Gastrointestinal microbial community changes in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to crude oil. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:25. [PMID: 29609542 PMCID: PMC5879832 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expansion of offshore oil exploration increases the risk of marine species being exposed to oil pollution in currently pristine areas. The adverse effects of oil exposure through toxic properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been well studied in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Nevertheless, the fate of conjugated metabolites in the intestinal tract and their effect on the diversity of intestinal microbial community in fish is less understood. Here, we investigated the intestinal microbial community composition of Atlantic cod after 28 days of exposure to crude oil (concentration range 0.0-0.1 mg/L). RESULTS Analysis of PAH metabolites in bile samples confirmed that uptake and biotransformation of oil compounds occurred as a result of the exposure. Various evidence for altered microbial communities was found in fish exposed to high (0.1 mg/L) and medium (0.05 mg/L) concentrations of oil when compared to fish exposed to low oil concentration (0.01 mg/L) or no oil (control). First, altered banding patterns were observed on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis for samples pooled from each treatment group. Secondly, based on 16S rRNA sequences, higher levels of oil exposure were associated with a loss of overall diversity of the gut microbial communities. Furthermore, 8 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found to have significantly different relative abundances in samples from fishes exposed to high and medium oil concentrations when compared to samples from the control group and low oil concentration. Among these, only one OTU, a Deferribacterales, had increased relative abundance in samples from fish exposed to high oil concentration. CONCLUSIONS The results presented herein contribute to a better understanding of the effects of oil contamination on the gut microbial community changes in fish and highlight the importance of further studies into the area. Our findings suggest that increased relative abundance of bacteria belonging to the order Deferribacterales may be indicative of exposure to oil at concentrations higher than 0.05 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bagi
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Stavanger, N-4036, Stavanger, Norway. .,IRIS-Environment, International Research Institute of Stavanger, N-4070, Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Even Sannes Riiser
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Steine Molland
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Stavanger, N-4036, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Bastiaan Star
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas H A Haverkamp
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magne Olav Sydnes
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Stavanger, N-4036, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Daniela Maria Pampanin
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Stavanger, N-4036, Stavanger, Norway.,IRIS-Environment, International Research Institute of Stavanger, N-4070, Stavanger, Norway
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