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Kersten R, Greitemeyer T. Human aggression in everyday life: An empirical test of the general aggression model. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 63:1091-1111. [PMID: 38169135 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
With the general aggression model (GAM), Anderson and Bushman (2002) provided an integrative framework to explain the complex nature of aggression. Based on the GAM, we examined whether personological and situational factors (interactively) have an impact on the person's internal state (consisting of aggressive cognition, affect, and physiological arousal), which in turn is assumed to lead to aggressive behaviour. In a large-scale experience sampling study, 403 participants answered 7558 questionnaires over a period of 2 weeks. As hypothesized, participants were more likely to exhibit an aggressive internal state the higher they scored on antagonistic personality traits (trait aggression, narcissism, psychopathy, sadism, anger rumination) and the more interpersonal, intrapersonal, and environmental triggers they experienced. Aggressive behaviour was positively related to trait aggression, psychopathy, sadism, anger rumination, and all situational triggers. Furthermore, the impact of antagonistic personality traits and situational triggers on aggressive behaviour was considerably reduced when the aggressive internal state was taken into account. Contrary to predictions, the relationship between antagonistic personality traits and the aggressive internal state was most pronounced when situational triggers were low. Overall, however, the process by which personal and situational variables predict aggression in daily life can be well explained by the GAM.
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2
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Iancarelli A, Denson TF, Chou CA, Satpute AB. Using citation network analysis to enhance scholarship in psychological science: A case study of the human aggression literature. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266513. [PMID: 35446862 PMCID: PMC9022888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers cannot keep up with the volume of articles being published each year. In order to develop adequate expertise in a given field of study, students and early career scientists must be strategic in what they decide to read. Here we propose using citation network analysis to characterize the literature topology of a given area. We used the human aggression literature as our example. Our citation network analysis identified 15 research communities on aggression. The five largest communities were: “media and video games”, “stress, traits and aggression”, “rumination and displaced aggression”, “role of testosterone”, and “social aggression”. We examined the growth of these research communities over time, and we used graph theoretic approaches to identify the most influential papers within each community and the “bridging” articles that linked distinct communities to one another. Finally, we also examined whether our citation network analysis would help mitigate gender bias relative to focusing on total citation counts. The percentage of articles with women first authors doubled when identifying influential articles by community structure versus citation count. Our approach of characterizing literature topologies using citation network analysis may provide a valuable resource for psychological scientists by outlining research communities and their growth over time, identifying influential papers within each community (including bridging papers), and providing opportunities to increase gender equity in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Iancarelli
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas F. Denson
- School of Psychology , University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, AUS
| | - Chun-An Chou
- Mechanical Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ajay B. Satpute
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
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3
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Zhan Z, Wei Q, Hong JC. Cellphone addiction during the Covid-19 outbreak: How online social anxiety and cyber danger belief mediate the influence of personality. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022; 121:106790. [PMID: 34975213 PMCID: PMC8713358 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.106790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The highly contagious Covid-19 virus is spreading around the world, and quarantining at home has become one of the main preventative behaviors, but it has also led to news blackouts, affecting people's normal life and interactions. In order to determine a predictor of cellphone addiction (CPA), the present study, based on the Risk of Information Seeking and Processing (RISP) model, investigated the relationship between personality (Neuroticism and Extraversion) and CPA during the epidemic, mediated by online social anxiety (OSA) and cyber danger belief (CDB). A total of 683 questionnaires were collected through snowball sampling and analyzed by Mplus. Results indicated that neurotic and extroverted individuals developed CPA through different mediating factors. Neuroticism affected CPA through OSA while Extraversion affected CPA through CDB. These findings highlight the importance of different mechanisms of individuals with different personalities. Corresponding cognitive treatments on the perception of social anxiety and cyber danger are recommended on neurotic and extroverted individuals, respectively, in order to reduce their degree of CPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Zhan
- School of Information Technology in Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wei
- School of Information Technology in Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jon-Chao Hong
- Department of Industrial Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan, China.,Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan, China
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4
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Pindek S, Zhou ZE, Kessler SR, Krajcevska A, Spector PE. The lingering curvilinear effect of workload on employee rumination and negative emotions: A diary study. WORK AND STRESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2021.2009055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shani Pindek
- Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zhiqing E. Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Baruch College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stacey R. Kessler
- Michael A. Leven School of Management, Entrepreneurship and Hospitality, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, USA
| | | | - Paul E. Spector
- School of Information Systems and Management, Muma College of Business, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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5
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Li X, Xia K, Bai J, Wu X, Hou M, Zhang J. Moral belief of life enhances emergency helping tendency. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Siritzky M, Condon D, Weston S. The Role of Personality in Shaping Pandemic Response: Systemic Sociopolitical Factors Drive Country Differences. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/19485506211001668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current study utilizes the current COVID-19 pandemic to highlight the importance of accounting for the influence of external political and economic factors in personality public health research. We investigated the extent to which systemic factors modify the relationship between personality and pandemic response. Results shed doubt on the cross-cultural generalizability of common Big Five factor models. Individual differences only predicted government compliance in autocratic countries and in countries with income inequality. Personality was only predictive of mental health outcomes under conditions of state fragility. Our ability to use individual differences to understand policy-relevant outcomes changes based on environmental factors and must be assessed on a trait-by-trait basis, thus supporting the inclusion of systemic political and economic factors in individual differences models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Siritzky
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - David Condon
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Sara Weston
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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7
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Reynolds KJ, Turner JC, Branscombe NR, Mavor KI, Bizumic B, Subašić E. Further Integration of Social Psychology and Personality Psychology: Choice or Necessity? EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/per.784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John C. Turner
- Department of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Kenneth I. Mavor
- Department of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Boris Bizumic
- Department of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Emina Subašić
- Department of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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8
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Baumert A, Gollwitzer M, Staubach M, Schmitt M. Justice Sensitivity and the Processing of Justice–Related Information. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We investigated how Justice Sensitivity (JS) shapes the processing of justice–related information. We proposed that due to frequently perceiving and ruminating about injustices, persons high in JS develop highly accessible and differentiated injustice concepts that shape attention, interpretation and memory for justice–related information. Three studies provided evidence for these assumptions. After witnessing injustice, persons high in JS attended more strongly to unjust stimuli than to negative control stimuli (Study1) and interpreted an ambiguous situation as less just than persons low in JS (Study2). Finally, they displayed a memory advantage for unjust information (Study3). Results suggest that JS involves the availability and accessibility of injustice concepts as parameters of cognitive functioning and offer explanations for effects of JS on justice–related behaviour. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Baumert
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany
| | | | - Miriam Staubach
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany
| | - Manfred Schmitt
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany
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9
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Morand D, Zhang L. The impact of status-leveling symbols on employee attitudes: a moderated mediational analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2018.1454488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Morand
- School of Business, Pennsylvania State University, Middletown, PA, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Business Administration, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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10
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Schäpers P, Freudenstein JP, Mussel P, Lievens F, Krumm S. Effects of situation descriptions on the construct-related validity of construct-driven situational judgment tests. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2020.103963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Napolitano S, Yaroslavsky I, France CM. Is It Personal? Context Moderates BPD Effects on Spontaneous Rumination and Distress. J Pers Disord 2020; 34:161-180. [PMID: 30179581 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2018_32_387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with the use of maladaptive emotion regulation (ER) that predicts unstable interpersonal relationships and emotion dysregulation. Rumination, a maladaptive cognitive ER response, may be one mechanism by which those with BPD experience emotion dysregulation. However, it remains unclear whether emotion dysregulation is linked to rumination in general, or to rumination during interpersonal situations that often prove challenging for those with BPD. The present study examined whether interpersonal exclusion conferred an increased risk to spontaneously ruminate among those with elevated BPD features relative to an impersonal negative mood induction, and whether spontaneous rumination mediated the effects of BPD features on distress reactivity. Overall, BPD features predicted stronger tendencies to spontaneously ruminate and higher levels of distress following interpersonal exclusion; spontaneous rumination following interpersonal exclusion mediated the effects of BPD features on distress. These findings highlight the importance of context when examining ER outcomes.
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12
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Costabile KA, Austin AB. Memories of me, memories of we: Trait self-knowledge, prototypical norms, and autobiographical memories. SELF AND IDENTITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2019.1706629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Wei L, Liu B. Reactions to others’ misfortune on social media: Effects of homophily and publicness on schadenfreude, empathy, and perceived deservingness. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Power influences the expression of Honesty-Humility: The power-exploitation affordances hypothesis. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2019.103856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Zhang Q, Cao Y, Gao J, Yang X, Rost DH, Cheng G, Teng Z, Espelage DL. Effects of cartoon violence on aggressive thoughts and aggressive behaviors. Aggress Behav 2019; 45:489-497. [PMID: 30957878 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This article reports on an experiment designed to test whether the cartoon manipulation leads to significant increases in aggressive thoughts and aggressive behaviors among Chinese children (n = 3,000). Results indicated that brief exposure to a violent cartoon triggered higher aggressive thoughts and aggressive behaviors than a nonviolent cartoon. Females displayed higher aggressive thoughts and aggressive behaviors than males in a nonviolent cartoon condition, while males displayed higher aggressive behaviors than females in a violent cartoon condition. Mediation analysis suggested that the effect on aggressive behaviors was mediated by aggressive thoughts. The findings imply that cartoon developers, parents, and teachers should develop cartoons that inhibit children's aggressive thoughts to avoid aggressive behaviors. Females are the key group for the prevention and intervention of aggression in a nonviolent cartoon context, while males are the key group for the prevention and intervention of aggression in a violent cartoon context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Center for Studies of Education and Psychology of Minorities in Southwest China Southwest University Chongqing China
- Faculty of Education Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Yi Cao
- Faculty of Education Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - JingYa Gao
- Faculty of Education Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Xiong Yang
- Faculty of Education Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Detlef H. Rost
- Faculty of Psychology Philipps‐University Marburg Marburg Germany
- Department of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Gang Cheng
- College of Education Guizhou Normal University Guiyang China
| | - ZhaoJun Teng
- Department of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
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16
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Santos D, Briñol P, Petty RE, Gandarillas B, Mateos R. Trait aggressiveness predicting aggressive behavior: The moderating role of meta-cognitive certainty. Aggress Behav 2019; 45:255-264. [PMID: 30693962 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Research on aggression has benefitted from using individual-difference measures to predict aggressive behavior. Research on meta-cognition has recently identified that the predictive utility of individual-difference inventories can be improved by considering the certainty with which people hold their self-views. Merging these two frameworks, the present research examines whether assessing certainty in trait aggressiveness improves its ability to predict aggressive outcomes. Across two studies, participants reported their level of trait physical aggressiveness and the certainty with which they held their responses to the scale (predictor variables). Aggressive behavioral intentions (Study 1 and 2) and actual aggressive behavior (Study 2) were used as dependent measures. As hypothesized, results indicated that certainty moderated the effects of individual-differences in aggressiveness on both aggressive outcomes. Therefore, considering the certainty with which people hold their relevant traits can be useful for understanding aggression, and also for predicting the consistency between personality and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Santos
- IE School of Human Sciences and TechnologyIE UniversityMadridSpain
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17
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Süssenbach P, Rees J, Gollwitzer M. When the going gets tough, individualizers get going: On the relationship between moral foundations and prosociality. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Bitsch F, Berger P, Nagels A, Falkenberg I, Straube B. The role of the right temporo-parietal junction in social decision-making. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:3072-3085. [PMID: 29582502 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying someone else's noncooperative intentions can prevent exploitation in social interactions. Hence, the inference of another person's mental state might be most pronounced in order to improve social decision-making. Here, we tested the hypothesis that brain regions associated with Theory of Mind (ToM), particularly the right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ), show higher neural responses when interacting with a selfish person and that the rTPJ-activity as well as cooperative tendencies will change over time. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a modified prisoner's dilemma game in which 20 participants interacted with three fictive playing partners who behaved according to stable strategies either competitively, cooperatively or randomly during seven interaction blocks. The rTPJ and the posterior-medial prefrontal cortex showed higher activity during the interaction with a competitive compared with a cooperative playing partner. Only the rTPJ showed a high response during an early interaction phase, which preceded participants increase in defective decisions. Enhanced functional connectivity between the rTPJ and the left hippocampus suggests that social cognition and learning processes co-occur when behavioral adaptation seems beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bitsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Straße 8, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Berger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Straße 8, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Arne Nagels
- Department of English and Linguistics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 18, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irina Falkenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Straße 8, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Straße 8, 35039, Marburg, Germany
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19
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Zou X, Wildschut T, Cable D, Sedikides C. Nostalgia for host culture facilitates repatriation success: The role of self-continuity. SELF AND IDENTITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2017.1378123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zou
- Strategy, Organization and Management Division, Nanyang Business School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tim Wildschut
- Department of Psychology, Center for Research on Self and Identity, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Dan Cable
- Organizational Behavior Area, London Business School, London, UK
| | - Constantine Sedikides
- Department of Psychology, Center for Research on Self and Identity, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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20
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Nettelhorst SC, Jeter WK, Brannon LA, Entringer A. Can there be too much of a good thing? The effect of option number on cognitive effort toward online advertisements. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Beckmann N, Wood RE. Editorial: Dynamic Personality Science. Integrating between-Person Stability and within-Person Change. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1486. [PMID: 28943855 PMCID: PMC5596082 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadin Beckmann
- School of Education, Durham UniversityDurham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E Wood
- Australian Graduate School of Management, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
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22
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Hall JA, Gunnery SD, Letzring TD, Carney DR, Colvin CR. Accuracy of Judging Affect and Accuracy of Judging Personality: How and When Are They Related? J Pers 2016; 85:583-592. [PMID: 27237702 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Hofmans J, Debusscher J, Dóci E, Spanouli A, De Fruyt F. The curvilinear relationship between work pressure and momentary task performance: the role of state and trait core self-evaluations. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1680. [PMID: 26579053 PMCID: PMC4623393 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas several studies have demonstrated that core self-evaluations (CSE)–or one’s appraisals about one’s own self-worth, capabilities, and competences–relate to job outcomes, less is known about the mechanisms underlying these relationships. In the present study, we address this issue by examining the role of within- and between-person variation in CSE in the relationship between work pressure and task performance. We hypothesized that (a) work pressure relates to task performance in a curvilinear way, (b) state CSE mediates the curvilinear relationship between work pressure and task performance, and (c) the relationship between work pressure and state CSE is moderated by trait CSE. Our hypotheses were tested via a 10-day daily diary study with 55 employees in which trait CSE was measured at baseline, while work pressure, task performance, and state CSE were assessed on a daily basis. Bayesian multilevel path analysis showed that work pressure affects task performance via state CSE, with state CSE increasing as long as the employee feels that (s)he is able to handle the work pressure, while it decreases when the level of work pressure exceeds the employees’ coping abilities. Moreover, we found that for people low on trait CSE, the depleting effect of work pressure via state CSE happens for low levels of work pressure, while for people high in trait CSE the depleting effect is located at high levels of work pressure. Together, our findings suggest that the impact of work pressure on task performance is driven by a complex interplay of between- and within-person differences in CSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeri Hofmans
- Department of Psychology, Work and Organizational Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussel, Belgium
| | - Jonas Debusscher
- Department of Psychology, Work and Organizational Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussel, Belgium
| | - Edina Dóci
- Department of Psychology, Work and Organizational Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussel, Belgium
| | - Andromachi Spanouli
- Department of Psychology, Work and Organizational Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussel, Belgium
| | - Filip De Fruyt
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
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Dóci E, Stouten J, Hofmans J. The cognitive-behavioral system of leadership: cognitive antecedents of active and passive leadership behaviors. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1344. [PMID: 26441721 PMCID: PMC4561542 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present paper, we propose a cognitive-behavioral understanding of active and passive leadership. Building on core evaluations theory, we offer a model that explains the emergence of leaders' active and passive behaviors, thereby predicting stable, inter-individual, as well as variable, intra-individual differences in both types of leadership behavior. We explain leaders' stable behavioral tendencies by their fundamental beliefs about themselves, others, and the world (core evaluations), while their variable, momentary behaviors are explained by the leaders' momentary appraisals of themselves, others, and the world (specific evaluations). By introducing interactions between the situation the leader enters, the leader's beliefs, appraisals, and behavior, we propose a comprehensive system of cognitive mechanisms that underlie active and passive leadership behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Dóci
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrussel, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Stouten
- Department of Psychology, University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Joeri Hofmans
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrussel, Belgium
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25
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Kalmoe NP. Trait aggression in two representative U.S. surveys: Testing the generalizability of college samples. Aggress Behav 2015; 41:171-88. [PMID: 24990688 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Aggression research often relies upon convenient samples with unknown generalizability to populations of interest, potentially threatening external validity. This article details the measurement properties of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire Short Form (BPAQ-SF) and its subscales in two nationally representative U.S. samples (N = 924) and a concurrent study with U.S. college students (N = 384). The results provide useful benchmarks for generalizing BPAQ-SF results from convenient samples to U.S. adults, including distributions, reliability, and factor structure. The results also confirm basic relationships between trait aggression and key social and demographic variables such as sex, age, and socioeconomic status while establishing convergent validity with violent political attitudes. Results from the national studies closely align with those from the student sample, providing reasonable support for generalizing trait aggression elements to U.S. adults. Aggr. Behav. Aggr. Behav. 42:171-188, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Letzring TD. Observer judgmental accuracy of personality: Benefits related to being a good (normative) judge. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Yusainy C, Lawrence C. Brief mindfulness induction could reduce aggression after depletion. Conscious Cogn 2015; 33:125-34. [PMID: 25562288 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Many experiments have shown that one's ability to refrain from acting on aggressive impulses is likely to decrease following a prior act of self-control. This temporary state of self-control failure is known as ego-depletion. Although mindfulness is increasingly used to treat and manage aggressive behaviour, the extent to which mindfulness may counteract the depletion effect on aggression is yet to be determined. This study (N=110) investigated the effect of a laboratory induced one-time mindfulness meditation session on aggression following depletion. Aggression was assessed by the intensity of aversive noise blast participants delivered to an opponent on a computerised task. Depleted participants who received mindfulness induction behaved less aggressively than depleted participants with no mindfulness induction. Mindfulness also improved performance on a second measure of self-control (i.e., handgrip perseverance); however, this effect was independent of depletion condition. Motivational factors may help explain the dynamics of mindfulness, self-control, and aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleoputri Yusainy
- Psychology Programme, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia.
| | - Claire Lawrence
- Personality, Social Psychology, and Health (PSPH) Group, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Debusscher J, Hofmans J, De Fruyt F. From state neuroticism to momentary task performance: A person × situation approach. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2014.983085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Gollwitzer M, Christ O, Lemmer G. Individual differences make a difference: On the use and the psychometric properties of difference scores in social psychology. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gollwitzer
- Department of Psychology; Philipps University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - Oliver Christ
- Department of Psychology; Philipps University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - Gunnar Lemmer
- Department of Psychology; Philipps University Marburg; Marburg Germany
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RETRACTED: The effects of viewing violent movie via computer on aggressiveness among college students. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Park JH, van Leeuwen F. The Asymmetric Behavioral Homeostasis Hypothesis: Unidirectional Flexibility of Fundamental Motivational Processes. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1037/gpr0000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Natural selection has produced not only fixed adaptive traits in response to enduring environments, but also contingencies capable of yielding variable outcomes in variable environments. A well-known example is phenotypic plasticity, which entails alternative developmental outcomes in different environments. Here, we focus on more immediate and transitory behavioral plasticity (underpinned by motivational processes), and we suggest that the physiological concept of homeostasis offers a coherent perspective for studying human motivations and associated behavioral processes. We further propose the asymmetric behavioral homeostasis hypothesis, which conceptualizes many motivational processes as 1-sided homeostatic mechanisms and which predicts that motivational responses that are amplified by certain cues will not be reversed simply by reversing the input cues. An important implication is that many evolutionarily adaptive—albeit subjectively and socially deleterious—responses to fitness threats (e.g., fears, aversions) are more easily inflamed than dampened. We review literature bearing on this hypothesis and discuss implications for psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin H. Park
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol
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Schmitt M, Gollwitzer M, Baumert A, Blum G, Gschwendner T, Hofmann W, Rothmund T. Proposal of a Nonlinear Interaction of Person and Situation (NIPS) model. Front Psychol 2013; 4:499. [PMID: 23935588 PMCID: PMC3731536 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Marshall and Brown (2006) proposed a Traits as Situational Sensitivities (TASS) Model, which implies a systematic person × situation interaction. We review this model and show that it suffers from several limitations. We extend and modify the model in order to obtain a symmetric pattern of levels and effects for both person and situation factors. Our suggestions result in a general Nonlinear Interaction of Person and Situation (NIPS) Model. The NIPS model bears striking similarities to the Rasch model. Based on the symmetric nature of the NIPS model, we generalize the concept of weak and strong situations to individuals and propose the concepts of weak and strong persons. Finally, we discuss psychological mechanisms that might explain the NIPS pattern and offer ideas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Schmitt
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau Landau, Germany
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Sonnentag TL, McDaniel BL. Doing the Right Thing in the Face of Social Pressure: Moral Rebels and Their Role Models Have Heightened Levels of Moral Trait Integration. SELF AND IDENTITY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2012.691639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
This study aimed to provide further insight into the question of why older adults show a higher precautionary behaviour regarding crime (behavioural fear), although they do not estimate their victimisation risk as higher than young adults and they do not experience fear more often. In two cross-sectional studies, the hypothesis was tested that the age-related increase in precautionary behaviour is an expression of higher dispositional fear with age. The vignette technique was employed to induce situational fear of crime across various situations as a proxy for dispositional fear. In contrast to the hypothesis, in Study 1 (young: 18-30 years, N = 179 vs. middle-aged: 50-64 years, N = 106), only younger adults reported higher situational fear in two vignettes. In Study 2 (young: 18-30 years, N = 129 vs. young-old: 65-84 years, N = 114), younger adults indicated higher situational fear again; however, young-old adults reported higher situational fear in other vignettes. The findings suggest that there is no general increase in the intensity of situational fear of crime with age and thus no age-related change in dispositional fear. Moreover, situational fear did not serve as mediator in the relationship between age and precautionary behaviour. Alternative accounts for the increase in behavioural fear of crime are discussed as well as emotion regulation mechanisms in response to the induction method.
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Rauthmann JF, Seubert CT, Sachse P, Furtner MR. Eyes as windows to the soul: Gazing behavior is related to personality. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Timmermans T, Mechelen IV, Nezlek JB. Individual differences in core affect reactivity. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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A royal road to understanding the mechanisms underlying person-in-context behavior. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lawrence C, Hodgkins E. Personality influences on interpretations of aggressive behavior: The role of provocation sensitivity and trait aggression. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2008.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Abstract
A conventional wisdom in personality and social psychology and organizational behavior is that personality matters most in weak situations and least in strong situations. The authors trace the origins of this claim and examine the evidence for the personality-dampening effect of strong situations. The authors identify the gap between claim and evidence and suggest an agenda for future research.
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Webster GD, Kirkpatrick LA, Nezlek JB, Smith CV, Paddock EL. Different slopes for different folks: Self-esteem instability and gender as moderators of the relationship between self-esteem and attitudinal aggression. SELF AND IDENTITY 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/15298860600920488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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