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Wangliu Y, Chen JK. Caring for a parent with dementia: The psychological well-being of adult children. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 58:183-190. [PMID: 38823262 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caregiving for a parent with dementia has both positive and negative influences on psychological well-being of adult children and perceived social support plays an essential role in dementia caregiving process. OBJECTIVES We examined how the degree of caregiving intensity influences mental health among Chinese adult children then further explored how perceived social support influences the relationship between intensity and psychological well-being. RESEARCH DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study in Kunming, mainland China between November 2022 and January 2023. METHODS We interviewed 320 adult dementia child caregivers. Linear regression and multiple mediation analysis using Hayes' process model were used to assess the relationship between caregiving intensity and psychological well-being, as well as the mediating role of perceived social support. RESULTS The study found that caregiving intensity was positively associated with depression and negatively associated with life satisfaction. A lack of perceived social support exacerbated these effects for the adult children. Specifically, the caregivers reported higher caregiving intensity when they perceived less family support, which is in turn associated with greater depression and lower life satisfaction among the caregivers. Likewise, those who reported higher caregiving intensity was reported lower friend support, which was in turn associated with greater depression. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The findings emphasize the importance of social support, especially family support, and the necessity for health practitioners to provide targeted interventions on both negative and positive aspects of psychological well-being among dementia caregivers and to strengthen caregivers' resources for social support to enhance their well-being. While these findings are cross-sectional, it is logical to assume that those who perceive less support feel that their caregiving responsibilities are more intense, and that intensity could cause the caregiver to withdraw from friends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Wangliu
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Ji-Kang Chen
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Markowski KL, Smith JA, Gauthier GR, Harcey SR. Would I Have Your Support? Family Network Features and Past Support Exchanges Associated with Anticipated Support for a Substance Problem. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2021; 28:39-45. [PMID: 36683732 PMCID: PMC9856213 DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.2006340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective Assessment of social processes underlying anticipation for recovery-related support from family in the event of a substance problem. We drew from literature on social support, substance use, and social networks to develop a path model connecting emotionally close family relationships, closeness among members in the wider family network (density), previous emotional support exchanges, and anticipated support. Subjects and Methods We used a sample from the 2019 Nebraska Annual Social Indicators Survey (284 adults; 57% female; 94% white; 46.26% living in rural areas) and employed generalized structural equation modeling with logistic regression equations for our binary dependent variable (anticipated support). Results Denser family networks were associated with individuals' close relations with family (b = .18, p < .001), close family relations were associated with support received by (b = .25, p < .05) and given to (b = .47, p < .001) family, and only support given to family increased the odds of anticipated support (IRR = 4.32, CI = 1.13, 16.48). Conclusions Family-wide dynamics are important for understanding how support exchange relates to anticipated support. Prioritizing efforts to strengthen family relationships and improve the likelihood that at-risk individuals, especially in rural areas, can overcome substance problems is important.
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Wilson SJ, Bailey BE, Malarkey WB, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Linking Marital Support to Aging-Related Biomarkers: Both Age and Marital Quality Matter. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:273-282. [PMID: 31428790 PMCID: PMC7813187 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Marital support is central to couples' relationships, yet support's health implications can vary widely. Guided by attribution bias and aging theories, the current study examined whether age and marital satisfaction moderate the links of perceived and received spousal support to aging-related biomarkers. METHODS Couples (N = 93, ages 22-77) rated marital satisfaction, overall perceived spousal support, and the quality of support received from their spouse in a lab-based discussion. Blood samples collected at baseline, immediately post-discussion, 3 hr post-discussion, and end-of-visit were assayed for proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, as well as insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1. RESULTS Consistent with predictions, less satisfied older couples who received lower-quality spousal support during their discussion had greater increases in TNF-α than those who received higher-quality support; highly satisfied couples of all ages and less satisfied younger couples did not show these inflammatory changes. Highly satisfied older couples with greater perceived spousal support had lower TNF-α across the day and higher IGF-1. DISCUSSION Marital satisfaction and age may shape spousal support's significance for healthy aging. Rose-colored lenses worn only in the most satisfying marriages may protect couples from the possible health risks of low-quality received support and enhance potential benefits of perceived support. For better or worse, these health implications may grow with older age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brittney E Bailey
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Amherst College, Massachusetts
| | - William B Malarkey
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, OSUMC, Columbus
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Šolcová I, Děchtěrenko F, Poláčková Šolcová I, Hofer J, Busch H, Au A. Cross-Cultural Examination of University Education and Ego Integrity in Late Adulthood: Implications for Policy and Practice. J Aging Soc Policy 2020; 33:585-599. [PMID: 32024454 DOI: 10.1080/08959420.2020.1722897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies on education generally find that higher education has a positive impact on various aspects of life. Nevertheless, studies focused on elderly people and their psychosocial health and development seldom view higher education as an important factor. Our aim was to explore the relation between higher education and ego integrity, a measure based on Erikson's concept of psychological maturity in later life. We used four national samples of non-institutionalized elderly people from Cameroon (N = 238), China (N = 254), Czech Republic (N = 167), and Germany (N = 240). Relationships between ego integrity and several possible moderator variables were tested by multivariate regressions in each sample. Between-subject ANOVA was employed to test differences in ego integrity between university educated and non-university educated people. We found that ego integrity is affected by culture in interaction with gender and the level of education attained. University-educated people reported higher ego integrity than persons with lower education in three of four cultural samples, which suggests a relatively stable relationship between university education and ego integrity when controlling for gender, age, and working status. These findings highlight the importance of education in late adulthood. In terms of policies and practice, they underscore the importance of reduction of educational inequalities as well as desirability of improved access to higher education, expansion of opportunities for the achievement of complete education in later life, and facilitation and support of lifelong learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Šolcová
- Philosophiæ Doctor, Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Děchtěrenko
- Philosophiæ Doctor, Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Poláčková Šolcová
- Associate Professor, Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hofer
- Professor, Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Holger Busch
- Philosophiæ Doctor, Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Alma Au
- Philosophiæ Doctor, Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Zhuori N, Cai Y, Yan Y, Cui Y, Zhao M. Does Social Support Affect the Health of the Elderly in Rural China? A Meta-Analysis Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183471. [PMID: 31540450 PMCID: PMC6765987 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As the trend of aging in rural China has intensified, research on the factors affecting the health of the elderly in rural areas has become a hot issue. However, the conclusions of existing studies are inconsistent and even contradictory, making it difficult to form constructive policies with practical value. To explore the reasons for the inconsistent conclusions drawn by relevant research, in this paper we constructed a meta-regression database based on 65 pieces of relevant literature published in the past 25 years. For more valid samples to reduce publication bias, we also set the statistical significance of social support to the health of the elderly in rural areas as a dependent variable. Finally, combined with multi-dimensional social support and its implications for the health of the elderly, meta-regression analysis was carried out on the results of 171 empirical studies. The results show that (1) subjective support rather than objective support can have a significant impact on the health of the elderly in rural areas, and there is no significant difference between other dimensions of social support and objective support; (2) the health status of the elderly in rural areas in samples involving western regions is more sensitive to social support than that in samples not involving the western regions; (3) among the elderly in rural areas, social support for the older male elderly is more likely to improve their health than that for the younger female elderly; and (4) besides this, both data sources and econometric models greatly affect the heterogeneity of the effect of social support on the health of the elderly in rural areas, but neither the published year nor the journal is significant. Finally, relevant policies and follow-up studies on the impact of social support on the health of the elderly in rural areas are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natuya Zhuori
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yu Cai
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yan Yan
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yu Cui
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Minjuan Zhao
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Flewelling KD, Sellers DE, Sawicki GS, Robinson WM, Dill EJ. Social support is associated with fewer reported symptoms and decreased treatment burden in adults with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2019; 18:572-576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nguyen AW, Walton QL, Thomas C, Mouzon DM, Taylor HO. Social support from friends and depression among African Americans: The moderating influence of education. J Affect Disord 2019; 253:1-7. [PMID: 31005738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This cross-sectional study examined the association between various characteristics of friendships and 12-month major depressive disorder (MDD) and whether these associations vary by education level among African Americans. METHODS The analytic sample included 3434 African American respondents drawn from the National Survey of American Life: Coping with Stress in the 21st Century. Logistic regression analyses were performed to test the associations between friendship characteristics (i.e., frequency of contact, subjective closeness, receipt of support, provision of support) and 12-month MDD. Interaction terms between education and each of the four friendship variables were used to test whether these associations varied by education level. Analyses adjusted for sociodemographic factors and chronic health problems. RESULTS Frequency of contact and subjective closeness were negatively associated with 12-month MDD. An interaction between education and contact indicated that contact was negatively associated with MDD among high education respondents but unrelated to MDD among low education respondents. The interactions between education and receipt of support and education and provision of support demonstrated that receipt and provision of support were negatively associated with MDD among high education respondents but was positively associated with MDD among low education respondents. LIMITATIONS Given the cross-sectional design, it is not possible to make causal inferences. CONCLUSION This investigation provides an important first step to understanding within-group differences in how social relationships function as both a risk and protective factor for MDD among African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann W Nguyen
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106.
| | - Quenette L Walton
- University of Houston Graduate College of Social Work, Houston, TX 77204
| | - Courtney Thomas
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Dawne M Mouzon
- Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy and Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Harry Owen Taylor
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
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Bar-Kalifa E, Pshedetzky-Shochat R, Rafaeli E, Gleason MEJ. Daily Support Equity in Romantic Couples. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550617725150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Receiving support may yield negative outcomes, although these can be offset by reciprocating support. Here, we argue that support receipt and reciprocation should be considered with reference to two separate needs, for relatedness/communion and competence/agency, which underlie differential effects of equity on affective versus relational outcomes. To test these, we go beyond earlier studies by (a) examining equity along a (daily) continuum, (b) using the novel analytic approach of polynomial regression with response surface analyses, and (c) indexing equity from both monadic and dyadic perspectives. Using dyadic daily diaries ( NDays = 35, NCouples = 80), we found personal outcomes (positive affect [PA] and negative affect [NA]) to be worst on inequitable days, particularly overbenefit ones. In contrast, equity did not play the same role with regard to relational outcomes (closeness/satisfaction), for which overbenefit proved more positive. Interestingly, the monadic and dyadic perspectives converged more with personal than with relational outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eshkol Rafaeli
- Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Relational entitlement moderates the associations between support matching and perceived partner responsiveness. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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10
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Zimmer Z, Hanson HA, Smith KR. Offspring Socioeconomic Status and Parent Mortality Within a Historical Population. Demography 2016; 53:1583-1603. [PMID: 27664009 PMCID: PMC5086077 DOI: 10.1007/s13524-016-0502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Considering a network approach to health determinants, we test the hypothesis that benefits of high socioeconomic status (SES) may be transmitted up the generational ladder from offspring to parents. Studies that examine own SES and own health outcomes, or SES of parents and outcomes of young or adolescent children, are common. Those that investigate SES of offspring and their association with parental health are rare. Employing data from a historical population of individuals extracted from a comprehensive population database that links demographic and vital records across generations, this study tests the hypothesis that higher offspring SES associates with lower parental mortality after controlling for parental SES. The sample includes 29,972 individuals born between 1864 and 1883 whose offspring were born between 1886 and 1920. SES is operationalized using Nam-Powers occupational status scores divided into quartiles and a category for farmers. Models assess mortality risk after age 40. Included is a test for whether effects are proportional across parents who died younger and older. Estimated life expectancies across categories of offspring SES conditioned on parental SES are calculated to illustrate specifically how differences in SES relate to differences in years lived. Results indicate a longevity penalty for those whose offspring have low SES and a longevity dividend for those with high-SES offspring. The influence of offspring attributes on well-being of parents points to fluid and myriad linkages between generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Zimmer
- Department of Family Studies & Gerontology, and Canada Research Chair in Global Aging and Community, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Heidi A Hanson
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ken R Smith
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Abstract
Prison populations are experiencing rapid increases and many more offenders are dying in prison. This study investigated key variables associated with death anxiety among a group of aging prisoners. For this research, 102 respondents residing in a maximum security prison with a mean age of 59 completed Templer's Death Anxiety Scale. A regression analysis showed that age, inmate social supports, and a number of health related variables were important predictors of death fear. The findings revealed that fear of death is slightly higher among older prisoners than for similar age groups in the community. Qualitative information based on personal narratives found that some inmates see death as an escape, while others expressed fears of dying in prison or the stigma associated with imprisonment.
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Morgan LA, Brazda MA. Transferring control to others: process and meaning for older adults in assisted living. J Appl Gerontol 2015; 32:651-68. [PMID: 25474792 DOI: 10.1177/0733464813494568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines qualitative data describing transfers of control over life tasks (e.g., managing money, overseeing care) to close others in terms of the control by and outcome for the older person. The extant caregiving literature includes limited focus on how such task transfers occur, who controls them, and the reactions of older adults. The literature on control, however, provides extensive data that declining control has negative outcomes. Employing data from interviews with 77 adults in assisted living settings, narratives were identified where task transfers were discussed. These 26 instances were reviewed by the authors and categorized as chosen or not chosen by the older adult and their reactions categorized as positive, negative or neutral; if the initial narrative segment was ambiguous, further reading of the informant's interview or that of a family member were added to better understand these cases. Findings show that chosen transfers of tasks to children or others were linked with a positive reaction in all instances identified, while a majority of cases where tasks were taken over by others, the reactions were negative. While literature suggests that declining control is linked to negative outcomes, our findings suggest that the process involved when tasks are transfer to others (delegated or taken by them) may be an important, under-investigated element with potential implications for future research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Morgan
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Uchino BN. Understanding the Links Between Social Support and Physical Health: A Life-Span Perspective With Emphasis on the Separability of Perceived and Received Support. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2015; 4:236-55. [PMID: 26158961 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 595] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Social support has been reliably related to physical health outcomes. However, the conceptual basis of such links needs greater development. In this article, I argue for a life-span perspective on social support and health that takes into account distinct antecedent processes and mechanisms that are related to measures of support over time. Such a view highlights the need to distinguish measures of perceived and received support and its links to more specific diseases (e.g., chronic, acute) and stages of disease development (e.g., incidence). I discuss both the novel implications of these theoretical arguments for research on social support and physical health, as well as the potential intervention approaches that are apparent from this perspective.
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Perry BL, Pescosolido BA. Social network activation: the role of health discussion partners in recovery from mental illness. Soc Sci Med 2014; 125:116-28. [PMID: 24525260 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In response to health problems, individuals may strategically activate their social network ties to help manage crisis and uncertainty. While it is well-established that social relationships provide a crucial safety net, little is known about who is chosen to help during an episode of illness. Guided by the Network Episode Model, two aspects of consulting others in the face of mental illness are considered. First, we ask who activates ties, and what kinds of ties and networks they attempt to leverage for discussing health matters. Second, we ask about the utility of activating health-focused network ties. Specifically, we examine the consequences of network activation at time of entry into treatment for individuals' quality of life, social satisfaction, ability to perform social roles, and mental health functioning nearly one year later. Using interview data from the longitudinal Indianapolis Network Mental Health Study (INMHS, N = 171), we focus on a sample of new patients with serious mental illness and a group with less severe disorders who are experiencing their first contact with the mental health treatment system. Three findings stand out. First, our results reveal the nature of agency in illness response. Whether under a rational choice or habitus logic, individuals appear to evaluate support needs, identifying the best possible matches among a larger group of potential health discussants. These include members of the core network and those with prior mental health experiences. Second, selective activation processes have implications for recovery. Those who secure adequate network resources report better outcomes than those who injudiciously activate network ties. Individuals who activate weaker relationships and those who are unsupportive of medical care experience poorer functioning, limited success in fulfilling social roles, and lower social satisfaction and quality of life later on. Third, the evidence suggests that social networks matter above and beyond the influence of any particular individual or relationship. People whose networks can be characterized as having a pro-medical culture report better recovery outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brea L Perry
- Department of Sociology, University of Kentucky, USA.
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Wolff JK, Schmiedek F, Brose A, Lindenberger U. Physical and emotional well-being and the balance of needed and received emotional support: Age differences in a daily diary study. Soc Sci Med 2013; 91:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
While a number of organizations and government entities have encouraged the development of more “age-friendly” environments, to date there has been limited research linking these environment features to elder outcomes. Using a representative sample of older adults living in Detroit, this study examined the association between age-friendly environment factors and self-rated health. Results indicated that access to health care, social support, and community engagement were each associated with better self-rated health, while neighborhood problems were associated with poorer self-rated health. Moreover, individual-level income and education no longer predicted self-rated health once age-friendly environment factors were taken into account. These findings highlight the need for more research documenting the effects of age-friendly environments, particularly across diverse contexts and populations.
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Leung CS, Earl JK. Retirement Resources Inventory: Construction, factor structure and psychometric properties. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dutton YEC. Butting in vs. being a friend: cultural differences and similarities in the evaluation of imposed social support. The Journal of Social Psychology 2012; 152:493-509. [PMID: 22822687 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2011.642025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Imposed social support can be more harmful than helpful due to its potential to threaten the recipient's autonomy. These findings may reflect cultural contexts that foster autonomy (e.g., European American [EA]). Imposed social support may be interpreted more positively in cultural contexts that place emphasis on mutual responsibility for solving problems (e.g., Russian [RU]). We compared EA (n = 128) and RU (n = 125) young adults' reports of recent episodes of support. EAs were more likely than RUs to be satisfied with these interactions, a difference mediated by levels of nondirective support. Cultural differences emerged in interpretations of support. Unsolicited support from family was interpreted more positively by RUs than by EAs. Thus, although nondirective support contributed to support satisfaction across cultural groups, cultural context influenced young adults' interpretations of imposed support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia E Chentsova Dutton
- Georgetown University, Department of Psychology, 306 White-Gravenor Hall, 3700 O Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20057 USA .
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A conceptual framework for examining the promise of the NORC program and Village models to promote aging in place. J Aging Stud 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Krause N, Evans LA, Powers G, Hayward RD. Feeling grateful to God: A qualitative inquiry. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2012.656691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Zimmer Z, Chen FF. Social Support and Change in Depression Among Older Adults in Taiwan. J Appl Gerontol 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/0733464811401353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the association between social support and change in depression among older adults in Taiwan. Data are from an islandwide representative longitudinal study. The study sample includes 3,686 Taiwanese aged 50+ who completed a baseline survey and survived a 3-year follow-up period. Social support was measured by using indexes representing dimensions of tangible support, perceived emotional support, and support satisfaction. Two change in depression outcomes were constructed using a modified version of the CES-D. Results indicated that social support is a robust predictor of change in depression among those not depressed at baseline but is less consequential among those already in a state of depression. Support satisfaction is more strongly related to the outcomes than other dimensions. The discussion places the results within the Taiwanese context and provides policy implications.
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Abstract
This study investigated the relationship of social support networks with expectations for aging in place and moving in a sample of relatively healthy, community-dwelling adults ( N = 4,611). Results indicated that those with aging in place expectation and those with moving expectation were comparable in sociodemographics, self-rated health, and social support networks. Knowledge of home- and community-based services (HCBS) availability was associated with respondents reporting an older age at which they expected regular help and moving. When compared with those who did not offer an age prediction, knowledge of HCBS availability, information sources for personal care, and social activity engagement were important in understanding the choices of age ranges at which respondents expected to age in place and to move. Findings point to the importance of expanding social support networks, providing opportunities for social activity, and strengthening information networks with the emphasis on targeting older adults and their caregivers.
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McFarland MJ, Uecker JE, Regnerus MD. The role of religion in shaping sexual frequency and satisfaction: evidence from married and unmarried older adults. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2011; 48:297-308. [PMID: 20349390 PMCID: PMC3119480 DOI: 10.1080/00224491003739993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the role of religion in influencing sexual frequency and satisfaction among older married adults and sexual activity among older unmarried adults. The study proposes and tests several hypotheses about the relationship between religion and sex among these two groups of older Americans, using nationally representative data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. Results suggest that among married older adults, religion is largely unrelated with sexual frequency and satisfaction, although religious integration in daily life shares a weak, but positive, association with pleasure from sex. For unmarried adults, such religious integration exhibits a negative association with having had sex in the last year among women, but not among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McFarland
- Department of Sociology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78705, USA.
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Holt-Lunstad J, Smith TB, Layton JB. Social relationships and mortality risk: a meta-analytic review. PLoS Med 2010; 7:e1000316. [PMID: 20668659 PMCID: PMC2910600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3362] [Impact Index Per Article: 240.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality and quantity of individuals' social relationships has been linked not only to mental health but also to both morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES This meta-analytic review was conducted to determine the extent to which social relationships influence risk for mortality, which aspects of social relationships are most highly predictive, and which factors may moderate the risk. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted on several participant characteristics, including cause of mortality, initial health status, and pre-existing health conditions, as well as on study characteristics, including length of follow-up and type of assessment of social relationships. RESULTS Across 148 studies (308,849 participants), the random effects weighted average effect size was OR = 1.50 (95% CI 1.42 to 1.59), indicating a 50% increased likelihood of survival for participants with stronger social relationships. This finding remained consistent across age, sex, initial health status, cause of death, and follow-up period. Significant differences were found across the type of social measurement evaluated (p<0.001); the association was strongest for complex measures of social integration (OR = 1.91; 95% CI 1.63 to 2.23) and lowest for binary indicators of residential status (living alone versus with others) (OR = 1.19; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.44). CONCLUSIONS The influence of social relationships on risk for mortality is comparable with well-established risk factors for mortality. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Holt-Lunstad
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America.
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Douglas A, Richardson J, Letts L, Wilkins S. Help at Home and Perceived Health Status: Gender Differences in a Community-Dwelling Population. PHYSICAL & OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN GERIATRICS 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/02703180903427863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ellison CG, Zhang W, Krause N, Marcum JP. Does Negative Interaction in the Church Increase Depression? Longitudinal Findings from the Presbyterian Panel Survey. SOCIOLOGY OF RELIGION 2009; 70:409-431. [PMID: 20694051 PMCID: PMC2916746 DOI: 10.1093/socrel/srp062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examines a neglected topic in research on religion and psychological well-being: the effects of negative interaction in church on depression. After outlining a series of theoretical arguments linking negative interaction with health and well-being, relevant hypotheses are tested using longitudinal data from two surveys of the 1997-99 Presbyterian Panel, a nationwide panel of members and elders (lay leaders) in congregations of the Presbyterian Church (USA). Findings confirm that negative interaction appears to foster or exacerbate depression over the study period. In addition, specific dimensions of social negativity have distinctive effects; the impact of criticisms on depression surface only in cross-sectional models, while the effects of excessive demands emerge only in the longitudinal models. No subgroup variations in these effects are detected. Implications of these findings are discussed with regard to (a) research on religion and health and (b) congregational life, and a number of promising directions for future research are elaborated.
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Harris SK, Sherritt LR, Holder DW, Kulig J, Shrier LA, Knight JR. Reliability and validity of the brief multidimensional measure of religiousness/spirituality among adolescents. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2008; 47:438-457. [PMID: 19093673 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-007-9154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developed for use in health research, the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS) consists of brief measures of a broad range of religiousness and spirituality (R/S) dimensions. It has established psychometric properties among adults, but little is known about its appropriateness for use with adolescents. PURPOSE We assessed the psychometric properties of the BMMRS among adolescents. METHOD We recruited a racially diverse (85% non-White) sample of 305 adolescents aged 12-18 years (median 16 yrs, IQR 14-17) from 3 urban medical clinics; 93 completed a retest 1 week later. We assessed internal consistency and test-retest reliability. We assessed construct validity by examining how well the measures discriminated groups expected to differ based on self-reported religious preference, and how they related to a hypothesized correlate, depressive symptoms. Religious preference was categorized into "No religion/Atheist" (11%), "Don't know/Confused" (9%), or "Named a religion" (80%). RESULTS Responses to multi-item measures were generally internally consistent (alpha > or = 0.70 for 12/16 measures) and stable over 1 week (intraclass correlation coefficients > or = 0.70 for 14/16). Forgiveness, Negative R/S Coping, and Commitment items showed lower internal cohesiveness. Scores on most measures were higher (p < 0.05) among those who "Named a religion" compared to the "No religion/Atheist" group. Forgiveness, Commitment, and Anticipated Support from members of one's congregation were inversely correlated with depressive symptoms, while BMMRS measures assessing negative R/S experiences (Negative R/S Coping, Negative Interactions with others in congregation, Loss in Faith) were positively correlated with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that most BMMRS measures are reliable and valid for use among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sion Kim Harris
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Anne Taylor M, Goldberg C, Shore LM, Lipka P. The effects of retirement expectations and social support on post‐retirement adjustment. JOURNAL OF MANAGERIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1108/02683940810869051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chappell NL, Kusch K. The gendered nature of filial piety--a study among Chinese Canadians. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2007; 22:29-45. [PMID: 17053952 DOI: 10.1007/s10823-006-9011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the modern face of filial piety enactment among Chinese families living away from their homeland. It empirically assesses filial piety practices among a random sample of diasporic Chinese Canadians, by studying the role of sons, daughters and spouses in providing assistance with basic activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living and perceptions of support; the relative contribution of the traditional Chinese caring unit (son plus daughter-in-law) with assistance provided; whether source of assistance changes when amount of care is taken into account, when the gendered nature of tasks is taken into account and when controlling for other factors in multivariate analyses. N = 2,272 Chinese seniors (age 55+) living in seven cities across Canada. The findings reveal that, among these diasporic Chinese, patterns found in other Chinese societies are evident in their tendency to live with children, even when the spouse is still living, and the involvement of sons and the son/daughter-in-law unit in providing care. However, similar to recent findings for China, daughters and spouses are involved in all 3 areas of support examined and importantly, their involvement increases as more assistance is provided while that from sons decreases, notably in terms of IADL. The participation of daughters-in-law tends to be lower than that of either sons or daughters. The involvement of spouses increases for perceived or emotional support. The findings suggest a blending of Chinese and Canadian patterns of care and are discussed in terms of the changing but still gendered nature of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena L Chappell
- Centre on Aging and Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, Sedgewick Building, Room A104, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada.
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Knoll N, Rieckmann N, Kienle R. The other way around: Does health predict perceived support? ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2007; 20:3-16. [DOI: 10.1080/10615800601032823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Knoll
- a Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , New York
| | | | - Rolf Kienle
- a Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , New York
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Abstract
The purpose of this review article is to selectively examine research that was designed to evaluate the relation between religious involvement and health among older people. Four facets of religion are examined in detail: church-based social support, religious coping, forgiveness, and prayer. In addition, potential negative effects of religion on health are discussed. Negative interaction in the church as well as religious doubt are evaluated in this respect. Throughout, an effort is made to show how current research on religion and health may be used to provide more comprehensive care for our aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Krause
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
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Rook KS, Sorkin DH. Fostering social ties through a volunteer role: implications for older-adults' psychological health. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2004; 57:313-37. [PMID: 15195981 DOI: 10.2190/nbbn-eu3h-4q1n-uxhr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects on older adults' psychological health of participation in a volunteer role that afforded opportunities to form friendships with age peers and to express nurturance toward another person. Access to these important social provisions was expected, in turn, to contribute to greater self-esteem, less loneliness, and less depression. The study hypotheses were tested by comparing older adults who served as foster grandparents to a developmentally disabled child (N = 52) with older adults in two comparison groups (Ns = 69, 59). Three assessments were conducted over a two-year period. The analyses revealed that the foster grandparents exhibited a significant increase in the number of new ties formed, but participation in the Foster Grandparent Program was not associated with the expected gains in emotional health. Explanations for the limited findings and implications for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Rook
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine 92697-7085, USA.
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Smith TW, Ruiz JM, Uchino BN. Mental Activation of Supportive Ties, Hostility, and Cardiovascular Reactivity to Laboratory Stress in Young Men and Women. Health Psychol 2004; 23:476-85. [PMID: 15367067 DOI: 10.1037/0278-6133.23.5.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In addition to actual social interactions, internal representations of supportive ties could affect mechanisms linking relationships and health. Undergraduates (41 men, 41 women) wrote about supportive ties or casual acquaintances. Supportive ties were rated as warmer and less controlling than acquaintances, and writing about them evoked reductions in negative affect, especially for low-hostile participants. Compared with the acquaintance condition, the supportive tie condition resulted in reduced heart rate and blood pressure response during a subsequent speech stressor. Among women, the supportive tie condition reduced blood pressure response among low- but not among high-hostile participants. Hence, mental activation of supportive ties altered effects of laboratory stress and might be relevant to the effects of social relations on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Tarrier N, Humphreys AL. PTSD and the Social Support of the Interpersonal Environment: The Development of Social Cognitive Behavior Therapy. J Cogn Psychother 2003. [DOI: 10.1891/jcop.17.2.187.57440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We will argue that, although the evidence for the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatment, of PTSD is compelling, not all patients engage or respond to treatment and in those who do, residual symptomatology is not uncommon. We then briefly examine the literature on the influence of the interpersonal and emotional aspects of social support on the development, maintenance, and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Two areas of social support are suggested as potentially important to the study of PTSD: (1) the literature on expressed emotion (EE) and the underlying beliefs held by significant others which influence their negative coping behaviors and interactions with the patient, and (2) examination of the concept of reciprocity, the ability to receive and provide social support. Finally, we suggest a range of possible treatment options suggested by this review as possible adjuncts to conventional CBT. These include formal family interventions, re-engagement with social networks, and modification of perceptions of social interactions.
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Stressful life events and psychological distress of the very old: does social support have a moderating effect? Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2000; 31:243-255. [PMID: 11154779 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4943(00)00083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to examine whether social support has a moderating effect on the relationship between exposure to stressful life events and psychological distress. To test this, 224 men and women aged 81-86 were sampled from two municipal regional counties: Sherbrooke (and vicinity) and Trois-Rivières, in the Province of Quebec, Canada. The French version of the Geriatric Scale of Recent Life Events, the Psychiatric Symptom Index, and the Social Provision Scale were used. Multiple regression analyses revealed that social support did not cancel out the deleterious effect of life events on the outcome measure. The negative aspect of social interaction may explain why social support did not have a protective effect. Also, social isolation resulting from psychological distress could reduce the opportunity for instrumental help and emotional support.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to see whether older adults who lost a parent early in life are more vulnerable to the effects of recent stressful events than elderly people who were raised in an intact home. Data from a nationwide longitudinal survey of older adults provide support for this view. The findings indicate that the combined effects of early parental loss and recent stressful events are associated with a decline over time in global self-rated health, as well as the number of chronic and acute conditions. In contrast, significant effects failed to emerge with functional disability. This study contributes to the literature by suggesting that only certain kinds of recent events (i.e., stressors arising in highly valued roles) act in concert with early parental loss to compromise health in late life.
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