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Carreras R, Martín A, Ruiz-Ortiz R, Pascual-Sagastizábal E, Del Puerto-Golzarri N, Azurmendi A, Braza P, Muñoz JM. Fathering and children's relational aggression: Moderating effects of children's temperament and gender. Aggress Behav 2023. [PMID: 36842165 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
In this exploratory study, we analyzed the contribution of fathering to relational aggression (RA) in middle childhood and the moderating role of children's temperament and gender. Participants (N = 234; 46% girls) were attending public elementary school (mean age = 8.15; SD = 1.23) in middle-class neighborhoods in two Spanish cities. Fathers provided information about their parenting practices using the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire, parents gave data on their child's temperament using the Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire and children provided information about their peers' aggressive behavior using the Mini Direct Indirect Aggression Inventory. Fathering dimensions considered were Authoritative Cold, Authoritative Warm, Physical Punishment, and Insecurity; temperament dimensions considered were negative affect (NA), effortful control (EC), activity (AC), and shyness (SH). Gender, fathering, and temperament dimensions additively accounted for a significant proportion of the variance observed in RA. Several significant interactions suggested that the effect of fathering on RA was moderated by temperament and, in some cases, by children's gender. NA increased the potential risk of Authoritative Cold fathering (CF) and, in boys only, of Insecure fathering, while EC potentiated the protective effect of Authoritative-Warm fathering and, in boys only, buffered the risk effect of CF. SH buffered the risk effect of CF and decreased the protective effect of Authoritative Warm fathering on RA. Lastly, AC also buffered the risk effect of CF on RA. Results are discussed in light of the protective or the vulnerability role of temperament and in relation to models that explain sensitivity differences to environmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Carreras
- Department of Psychology, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Alba Martín
- Department of Psychology, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Rosa Ruiz-Ortiz
- Department of Psychology, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Eider Pascual-Sagastizábal
- Deparment of Basic Psychological Processes and Their Development, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Nora Del Puerto-Golzarri
- Deparment of Basic Psychological Processes and Their Development, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Aitziber Azurmendi
- Deparment of Basic Psychological Processes and Their Development, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Paloma Braza
- Department of Psychology, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - José M Muñoz
- Department of Psychology, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
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Meter DJ, Ehrenreich SE, Beron K, Underwood MK. Listening In: How Parent-Child Communication Relates to Social and Physical Aggression. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2021; 30:1540-1553. [PMID: 38666246 PMCID: PMC11045039 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-021-01959-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the relations between features of parent-child conversations (neutral talk, positive and negative in-dyad and out-dyad talk) and children's social and physical aggression from ages 9-18. Participants were 297 youth (52% girls) of about 9 years old at Time 1 and their parent. Fifty-two percent of this United States sample identified as White, 20% Black, 20% Hispanic, 8% other races/ethnicities. One hundred eighty-seven parents participated in the parent-child observation task. Ninety four percent of parent participants were mothers. Parent-child conversations were observed in the laboratory during preadolescence, and teachers reported child's aggression. Using multinomial logit analyses, we found that coded observations of communication features predicted membership in linear trajectories of social and physical aggression across nine years of adolescence; trajectories were derived via mixture modeling. Parent and child communication characteristics were related to trajectories of aggression that spanned preadolescence and adolescence; however, not all predicted associations were significant. Children's talk about neutral topics predicted being on a lower social aggression trajectory. Positive out-dyad talk from children was related to being on a lower physical aggression trajectory, as was parent in-dyad positive talk. After controlling for other factors, neither parent nor child in- or out-dyad negative talk was associated with social or physical aggression. These findings highlight the importance of positive communication by youth and toward youth in association with long-term social adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana J. Meter
- Emma Eccles Jones College of Education and Human Services, Utah State University, 2905 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Samuel E. Ehrenreich
- College of Education and Human Development, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St., MS 140, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Kurt Beron
- School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800W. Campbell Road, GR 31, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Marion K. Underwood
- Dean of the College of Health and Human Services, Purdue University, Stone Hall, Room 110, 700W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Cleveland ES, Yu M. Modeling Female Social Aggression: Predictors from Multiple Developmental Contexts. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 2019; 180:185-204. [PMID: 31364503 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2019.1632254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A diverse array of proposed antecedents of social aggression (SA) were examined in two studies. This work is informed by ecological systems theory and examined predictors from the micro- and mesosystems. In Study 1, women (n = 284). completed measures of aggression, digit ratio, emotional intelligence (EI), agreeableness, parenting styles, attachment insecurity with parents and peers, and television (TV) consumption. Aggression correlated with EI, agreeableness, parental authoritarianism, attachment insecurity with fathers and peers, and TV consumption; these variables accounted for 22% of the variance in SA. Father attachment insecurity moderated the TV-SA association, suggesting that positive experiences with parents can buffer negative effects of TV consumption. Study 2 aimed to increase the predictive power of the model. Females (n = 115) completed measures of aggression, digit ratio, EI, agreeableness, parental authoritarianism, interparental conflict, dominance goals, popularity goals, physical appearance comparison, and TV consumption. Aggression correlated with EI, agreeableness, interparental conflict, dominance goals, popularity goals, and appearance comparison. Together, these variables accounted for 40% of the variance in SA; agreeableness, dominance goals, and popularity goals were significant predictors. Interparental conflict moderated the TV-SA association, again suggesting that positive experiences with parents can cushion effects of TV consumption. Implications for development of SA are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Yu
- Department of Psychology, California State University, East Bay , Hayward CA , USA
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Masud H, Ahmad MS, Cho KW, Fakhr Z. Parenting Styles and Aggression Among Young Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Literature. Community Ment Health J 2019; 55:1015-1030. [PMID: 31102163 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-019-00400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
There is ample research on aggression amongst children and adolescents that highlights several antecedents of aggression. While researchers have remarked on the relationship between parenting styles and aggression in children, there are few studies that integrate and systemize the available studies on parenting styles and aggression. The present review is an attempt to fill this gap. For this review, relevant studies were first searched, then coded and classified. As a result of thorough review, 34 relevant studies were identified. The review shows that parenting styles have a direct impact on aggression in children. Authoritative parenting styles play a positive role in psychological behavior in children while authoritarian and permissive parenting styles result in aggressive and negative behaviors in children. The current study also suggests that there is room to conduct studies on this topic in developing countries. Future research should be undertaken in developing and under-developed countries and should focus on mixed modes of research and examine the direct influence of parenting styles on aggressive behavior in children in different cultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Masud
- COMSATS University Islamabad (Virtual Campus), 166, Street 9, I-10/3, Islamabad, Pakistan. .,Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Shakil Ahmad
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Attock, 43600, Pakistan.
| | - Ki Woong Cho
- College of Political Science and Economics, Research Professor/Postdoctoral Researcher, Korea University, 145, Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Zainab Fakhr
- Guildhall School of Business and Law, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
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Perry KJ, Price J. The Role of Placement History and Current Family Environment in Children's Aggression in Foster Care. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2017; 26:1135-1150. [PMID: 29551877 PMCID: PMC5854210 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-016-0642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Predictors of the physical and relational aggressive behavior of children in foster care were examined (N = 160, 50.9% male, M age = 7.57, SD = 2.39). First, predictors representative of children's placement histories were examined in relation to the children's aggression at T1. Next, predictors representing characteristics of the current family environment were examined in relation to the children's aggression at T2 (four months later). Results revealed that a greater number of prior group home placements and being in a non-kinship home were associated with higher physical aggression at T1. A greater number of prior group home placements, a fewer number of regular home placements, being in a non-kinship home, and prior removal from the home due to neglect were associated with higher relational aggression at T1. The results also revealed that higher foster sibling relational aggression at T1 predicted lower child physical aggression at T2. If foster siblings were biological children of the foster parent, higher levels of a foster sibling's physical aggression at T1 predicted reduced child physical aggression at T2. The opposite pattern was observed if foster siblings were not biological children of the foster parent. Lastly, longer time in the current placement, more children in the home, and the presence of a sibling that was a biological child of the parent predicted higher child relational aggression at T2. These findings provide initial insights into how placement history and current family environment are associated with the physical and relational aggressive behavior of children in foster care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J Perry
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
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Kokkinos CM, Voulgaridou I. Links between relational aggression, parenting and personality among adolescents. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2016.1194265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Foshee VA, Chang LY, McNaughton Reyes HL, Chen MS, Ennett ST. The Synergy of Family and Neighborhood on Rural Dating Violence Victimization. Am J Prev Med 2015; 49:483-91. [PMID: 26296447 PMCID: PMC5916824 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rural adolescents are at high risk for dating violence victimization (DVV), which has serious negative consequences. Understanding more about the conditions that increase DVV risk for rural adolescents is needed to inform prevention efforts. In response to calls for examining the influence of upper levels of the social ecology on adolescent dating violence, this study examined whether associations between the family context and physical DVV were conditioned by the characteristics of the neighborhoods in which the family resided. METHODS Data were from a multi-wave longitudinal study of 3,236 rural adolescents nested in 65 block groups, which defined neighborhoods. Data were collected between 2003 and 2005. Multilevel growth curve modeling was conducted in 2014 to test hypothesized synergistic effects of the family and neighborhood on trajectories of physical DVV from grade 8 to 12. RESULTS Low parental closeness was a DVV risk in residentially stable (p<0.001), but not unstable, neighborhoods. Family aggression was a DVV risk, regardless of neighborhood characteristics (p=0.001). Low parental monitoring and rule setting were not DVV risks and their effects were not moderated by neighborhood characteristics. Neighborhood ethnic heterogeneity was significantly (p<0.05) positively associated with DVV, but neighborhood economic disadvantage, social disorganization, and violence were not associated with DVV. None of the effects varied by sex of the adolescent, across time (grade), or by the combination of sex and time. CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrate the importance of considering the family and neighborhood, and particularly their synergistic effects in efforts to prevent adolescent DVV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vangie A Foshee
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Ling-Yin Chang
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - H Luz McNaughton Reyes
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - May S Chen
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Susan T Ennett
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Ehrenreich SE, Beron KJ, Brinkley DY, Underwood MK. Family predictors of continuity and change in social and physical aggression from ages 9 to 18. Aggress Behav 2014; 40:421-39. [PMID: 24888340 PMCID: PMC4138261 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This research examined developmental trajectories for social and physical aggression for a sample followed from age 9 to 18, and investigated possible family predictors of following different trajectory groups. Participants were 158 girls and 138 boys, their teachers, and their parents (21% African American, 5.3% Asian, 51.6% Caucasian, and 21% Hispanic). Teachers rated children's social and physical aggression yearly in grades 3-12. Participants' parent (83% mothers) reported on family income, conflict strategies, and maternal authoritarian and permissive parenting styles. The results suggested that both social and physical aggression decline slightly from middle childhood through late adolescence. Using a dual trajectory model, group-based mixture modeling revealed three trajectory groups for both social and physical aggression: low-, medium-, and high-desisting for social aggression, and stably-low, stably-medium, and high-desisting for physical aggression. Membership in higher trajectory groups was predicted by being from a single-parent family, and having a parent high on permissiveness. Being male was related to both elevated physical aggression trajectories and the medium-desisting social aggression trajectory. Negative interparental conflict strategies did not predict social or physical aggression trajectories when permissive parenting was included in the model. Permissive parenting in middle childhood predicted following higher social aggression trajectories across many years, which suggests that parents setting fewer limits on children's behaviors may have lasting consequences for their peer relations. Future research should examine transactional relations between parenting styles and practices and aggression to understand the mechanisms that may contribute to changes in involvement in social and physical aggression across childhood and adolescence.
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Aldhafri S. Self-Efficacy and Physical Self-Concept as Mediators of Parenting Influence on Adolescents' School and Health Wellbeing. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2011.10820491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Cleveland ES. Digit ratio, emotional intelligence and parenting styles predict female aggression. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abner KS, Gordon RA, Kaestner R, Korenman S. Does Child Care Quality Mediate Associations Between Type of Care and Development? JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2013; 75:1203-1217. [PMID: 24068846 PMCID: PMC3779612 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Studies document that, on average, children cared for in centers, as compared to homes, have higher cognitive test scores but worse socioemotional and health outcomes. The authors assessed whether the quality of care received explains these associations. They considered multiple domains of child development-cognitive, socioemotional, and health-and examined whether mediation is greater when quality measures are better aligned with outcome domains. Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Birth Cohort, they found that children in centers have better cognitive skills and behavioral regulation than children in homes, but worse social competence and generally equivalent health (N = 1,550). They found little evidence that quality of child care, as measured by standard instruments (e.g., the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-Revised), accounts for associations between type of care and child developmental outcomes.
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Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Foshee VA, Ennett ST, Suchindran C. Associations of neighborhood and family factors with trajectories of physical and social aggression during adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2013; 42:861-77. [PMID: 23054352 PMCID: PMC3772661 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-012-9832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents develop within multiple contexts that synergistically influence their behavior and health. To understand the simultaneous influence of neighborhood and family contexts on adolescents, this study examined relationships of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, neighborhood social disorganization, family conflict, parent-child bonding and parental control with trajectories of physical and social aggression. The sample included 5,118 adolescents between ages 11 and 18 (50% female, 52% Caucasian) living in predominantly rural areas. Multilevel growth curve models showed an interaction between neighborhood disadvantage, family conflict and gender on the physical aggression trajectories. The interaction suggested more rapid processes of both increase in and desistance from physical aggression over time for boys with high neighborhood disadvantage and high family conflict, as well as a higher starting point, more gradual increase and slower process of desistance over time for girls in similar neighborhood and family contexts. Less parent-child bonding and less parental control also were associated with higher initial levels of physical aggression. For social aggression, an interaction between family conflict and gender showed girls with high family conflict had the highest initial levels of social aggression, with a more gradual increase over time for these girls compared to their male counterparts in high-conflict families or their female counterparts in low-conflict families. Less parent-child bonding was associated with higher initial levels and a faster increase over time of social aggression, and less parental control was associated with higher initial levels of social aggression. The findings suggest early family-based interventions may help prevent perpetration of both physical and social aggression during adolescence.
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Colwell N, Gordon RA, Fujimoto K, Kaestner R, Korenman S. New evidence on the validity of the Arnett Caregiver Interaction Scale: Results from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort. EARLY CHILDHOOD RESEARCH QUARTERLY 2013; 28:218-233. [PMID: 24058264 PMCID: PMC3775379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Arnett Caregiver Interaction Scale (CIS) has been widely used in research studies to measure the quality of caregiver-child interactions. The scale was modeled on a well-established theory of parenting, but there are few psychometric studies of its validity. We applied factor analyses and item response theory methods to assess the psychometric properties of the Arnett CIS in a national sample of toddlers in home-based care and preschoolers in center-based care from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort. We found that a bifactor structure (one common factor and a second set of specific factors) best fits the data. In the Arnett CIS, the bifactor model distinguishes a common substantive dimension from two methodological dimensions (for positively and negatively oriented items). Despite the good fit of this model, the items are skewed (most teachers/caregivers display positive interactions with children) and, as a result, the Arnett CIS is not well suited to distinguish between caregivers who are "highly" versus "moderately" positive in their interactions with children, according to the items on the scale. Regression-adjusted associations between the Arnett CIS and child outcomes are small, especially for preschoolers in centers. We encourage future scale development work on measures of child care quality by early childhood scholars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Colwell
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Rachel A. Gordon
- Department of Sociology, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
- Institute of Government and Public Affairs, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Ken Fujimoto
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Robert Kaestner
- Institute of Government and Public Affairs, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
- Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Sanders Korenman
- School of Public Affairs, Baruch College/CUNY, New York, NY, United States
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Authenticity in College-Aged Males and Females, How Close Others are Perceived, and Mental Health Outcomes. SEX ROLES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-012-0182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kawabata Y, Alink LR, Tseng WL, van IJzendoorn MH, Crick NR. Maternal and paternal parenting styles associated with relational aggression in children and adolescents: A conceptual analysis and meta-analytic review. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lucas-Thompson RG, Goldberg WA. Family relationships and children's stress responses. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2011; 40:243-99. [PMID: 21887964 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386491-8.00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, the theoretical and empirical associations between family relationships and children's responses to stressors are reviewed. Family relationships explored are primarily dyadic, representing the emphasis of past empirical research; these include parent-parent, parent-child, and sibling relationships. However, in recognition of the more complicated and interconnected nature of family relationships, also reviewed are associations between the broader family context and children's stress responses. Multiple measures of stress responses are considered, including both physiological and emotional responses to and recovery from stressful experiences. Overall, the studies reviewed suggest that poor-quality family environments, including those characterized by low emotional support or high conflict, are associated with dysregulated stress responses throughout childhood and adolescence. In contrast, children and adolescents in families with high emotional support or low conflict seem to be protected from developing stress regulatory problems. Limitations in this body of research as well as directions for future research are discussed.
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Siffert A, Schwarz B. Parental Conflict Resolution Styles and Children's Adjustment: Children's Appraisals and Emotion Regulation as Mediators. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 2011; 172:21-39. [DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2010.503723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Early trajectories of interparental conflict and externalizing problems as predictors of social competence in preadolescence. Dev Psychopathol 2010; 22:527-37. [PMID: 20576176 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579410000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Consistent with developmental cascade notions, the present study investigated (a) associations between trajectories of interparental conflict and early externalizing problems during childhood and (b) early trajectories of externalizing problems as a pathway by which interparental conflict impacts children's social competence in preadolescence. Participants were 235 children and their parents and teachers. Children were assessed annually for 3 years, beginning when they were in kindergarten. Parents provided reports of interparental conflict and child externalizing problems. Children's social competence (prosocial behavior, social problems) was assessed approximately 5 years later via parent and teacher reports. Results from parallel process models indicated that changes in interparental conflict were positively associated with changes in externalizing problems during childhood. Further, demonstrating pathways consistent with notions of developmental cascades, early trajectories of externalizing problems accounted for the longitudinal link between early trajectories of interparental conflict and children's social problems in preadolescence.
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Li Y, Wang M, Wang C, Shi J. Individualism, collectivism, and Chinese adolescents' aggression: intracultural variations. Aggress Behav 2010; 36:187-94. [PMID: 20205262 DOI: 10.1002/ab.20341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the relations between cultural values (i.e., individualism and collectivism) and aggression among 460 (234 girls) Chinese adolescents. Conflict level and social status insecurity were examined as potential explaining mechanisms for these relations. The results showed that adolescents' endorsement of collectivism was negatively related to their use of overt and relational aggression as reported by teachers and peers, whereas positive associations were found between the endorsement of individualism and adolescent aggression. Adolescents' conflict level and social status insecurity accounted for a significant part of these associations. Findings of this study demonstrate the importance of examining intracultural variations of cultural values in relation to adolescent aggression as well as the process variables in explaining the relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA.
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Rabiner DL, Murray DW, Rosen L, Hardy K, Skinner A, Underwood M. Instability in teacher ratings of children's inattentive symptoms: implications for the assessment of ADHD. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2010; 31:175-80. [PMID: 20305572 PMCID: PMC2859118 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0b013e3181d5a2d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the cross-grade stability of clinically elevated teacher ratings of inattentive symptoms in 3 samples of elementary schoolchildren. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Samples 1 and 2 included 27 first graders and 24 fourth graders, respectively, identified based on clinically elevated teacher ratings of inattentive symptoms. The third sample included 28 children in grades 1 to 4 from the Multimodal Treatment Study of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Study) with a confirmed attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis. Teacher ratings of inattentive symptoms were completed an average of 12 to 14 months apart so that cross-grade stability of elevated ratings could be computed for each sample. RESULTS In all 3 samples, clinically elevated ratings persisted for less than 50% of children and between 25% and 50% had ratings that declined to within the normative range. The decline in attention difficulties was not related to hyperactivity, oppositional behavior, or anxiety at baseline, nor was it explained by children beginning medication treatment. CONCLUSIONS Many elementary-aged children rated by their teachers as highly inattentive are not considered to demonstrate these problems the following year, even children with a confirmed attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis. The instability in clinically elevated teacher ratings found across 3 independent samples highlights the importance of annual reevaluations to avoid treating children for problems that may no longer be present.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Rabiner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Underwood MK, Beron KJ, Rosen LH. Continuity and change in social and physical aggression from middle childhood through early adolescence. Aggress Behav 2009; 35:357-75. [PMID: 19685551 PMCID: PMC2757124 DOI: 10.1002/ab.20313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
For a sample followed from age 9-13 (N=281), this investigation examined developmental trajectories for social and physical aggression as measured by teacher ratings. Trajectories for both forms of aggression were estimated first separately, then jointly. Mean levels of both social and physical aggression decreased over time for the overall sample, but with high variability of individual trajectories. Subgroups followed high trajectories for both social and physical aggression. Joint estimation yielded six trajectories: low stable, low increasers, medium increasers, medium desisters, high desisters, and high increasers. Membership in the high increaser group was predicted by male gender, unmarried parents, African American ethnicity, and maternal authoritarian and permissive parenting. Permissive parenting also predicted membership in the medium increaser group. This is one of the first studies to examine social aggression longitudinally across this developmental period. Though the results challenge the claim that social aggression is at its peak in early adolescence, the findings emphasize the importance of considering different developmental trajectories in trying to understand origins and outcomes of aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion K Underwood
- School of Behavioural and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA.
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