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Doherty EE, Green KM. Cohort Profile: The Woodlawn Study. JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND LIFE-COURSE CRIMINOLOGY 2023; 9:531-554. [PMID: 38283115 PMCID: PMC10809941 DOI: 10.1007/s40865-023-00236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The Woodlawn Study is an epidemiologically- defined community cohort study of 1242 Black Americans (51% female and 49% male), who were in first grade in 1966-67 in Woodlawn, a neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. The study comprises extensive interview data over the life course including self-, mother-, and/or teacher-reported assessments at ages 6, 16, 32, 42, and 62 (in progress), administrative records (i.e., education, crime, and death records), and census data. These data cover a wide range of focal areas across the life course, including family environment, socioeconomic indicators, education, social integration (e.g., marriage, community engagement, religious involvement) and social support, employment, racial discrimination, substance use, crime/victimization, and mental and physical health, including mortality. Over the past 50 years, Woodlawn research has mapped cumulative disadvantage, substance use, and criminal offending and has identified key risk and protective factors of adversity, resilience, and success across the full life course. In turn, these findings have informed life course theory and policy for a population that experiences significant criminal and health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Eggleston Doherty
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland, 1234 School of Public Health Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kerry M. Green
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland, 1234 School of Public Health Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Danso M, Anto F. Factors Associated with Tramadol Abuse: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Commercial Drivers and Assistants in the Accra Metropolitan Area of Ghana. Drugs Real World Outcomes 2021; 8:337-347. [PMID: 33909271 PMCID: PMC8324647 DOI: 10.1007/s40801-021-00247-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing public health concern regarding the addiction and dependence potential of tramadol. OBJECTIVE This study sought to determine factors associated with tramadol abuse among commercial drivers and assistants in the Accra Metropolitan Area of Ghana. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study employed a mixed-method quantitative and qualitative approach. It involved a cross-sectional survey and focus group discussions with commercial drivers and assistants at selected transport terminals in Accra. Data on abuse, reasons for abuse, sources of supply, and factors associated with abuse were collected from the respondents and analyzed using STATA and Nvivo, as appropriate. RESULTS Of the 458 study participants, 114 (24.9%) indicated that they abused tramadol. The mean (± standard deviation) age of those who abused tramadol (25.14 ± 5.87 years) was significantly lower than that of nonabusers (28.23 ± 9.6 years), t(456) = -3.60; p = 0.001. The level of risk of dependence on tramadol among the abusers was high, as 49.1% (56/114) of abusers were estimated to have a composite risk score of ≥ 27. Various socioenvironmental factors, including tension or fighting among family members (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 7.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.33-17.98; p < 0.001), abuse of drugs by a family member (AOR 2.27; 95% CI 1.26-4.11; p = 0.007), and having a friend who abused drugs (AOR 2.17; 95% CI 1.22-3.89; p = 0.009) were associated with tramadol abuse. Reasons given for using tramadol included pain relief and sexual enhancement. CONCLUSION The level of tramadol abuse and dependence was high. This calls for interventional programs, including health education, as dependency on tramadol has dire consequences on productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mavis Danso
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Food and Drugs Authority, Accra, Ghana
| | - Francis Anto
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Atorkey P, Paul C, Wiggers J, Bonevski B, Nolan E, Oldmeadow C, Mitchell A, Byrnes E, Tzelepis F. Clustering of multiple health-risk factors among vocational education students: a latent class analysis. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:1931-1940. [PMID: 34155507 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical and mental health risks often commence during young adulthood. Vocational education institutions are an ideal setting for understanding how health-risks cluster together in students to develop holistic multiple health-risk interventions. This is the first study to examine clustering of tobacco smoking, fruit intake, vegetable intake, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, overweight/obesity, depression, and anxiety in vocational education students and the socio-demographic characteristics associated with cluster membership. A cross-sectional survey with vocational education students (n = 1134, mean age = 24.3 years) in New South Wales, Australia. Latent class analysis identified clusters and latent class regression examined characteristics associated with clusters. Four clusters were identified. All clusters had moderate inadequate fruit intake and moderate overweight/obesity. Cluster 1 (13% of sample) had "high anxiety, high inadequate vegetable intake, low tobacco, and low alcohol use." Cluster 2 (16% of sample) had "high tobacco smoking, high alcohol use, high anxiety, high depression, and high inadequate vegetable intake." Cluster 3 (52% of sample) had "high risky alcohol use, high inadequate vegetable intake, low depression, low anxiety, low tobacco smoking, and low physical inactivity." Cluster 4 (19% of sample) was a "lower risk cluster with high inadequate vegetable intake." Compared to cluster 4, 16-25-year-olds and those experiencing financial stress were more likely to belong to clusters 1, 2, and 3. Interventions for vocational education students should address fruit and vegetable intake and overweight/obesity and recognize that tobacco use and risky alcohol use sometimes occurs in the context of mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Atorkey
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christine Paul
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Wiggers
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Billie Bonevski
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erin Nolan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aimee Mitchell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Byrnes
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Flora Tzelepis
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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Wu G, Liu J, Boateng FD, Cui S, Shuai H. Do Social Bonds Matter? Social Control Theory and Its Relationship to Desistance From Substance Abuse in China. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0022042620957020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the effects of social bonds on drug users’ desistance from substance abuse, with a special focus on testing the applicability of social control theory in the context of China. Using data from a sample of 419 Chinese drug users, this study reveals salient influences of such bonding variables as familial attachment, involvement, belief, and parenthood on drug users’ confidence and efforts in achieving abstinence, providing some support for the arguments of social control theory. Given the limitations of institutional response in dealing with substance abuse issues, these findings have important policy implications for the direction of efforts to encourage desistance-related behavior among substance abusers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shan Cui
- University of Macau, Taipa, China
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Bratter J, Campbell ME, Saint Onge JM. Living race together: the role of partner's race in racial/ethnic differences in smoking. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2020; 25:141-159. [PMID: 29096536 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2017.1398316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Crossing racial lines provides a unique context for understanding racial patterns in smoking. This research explores whether adults whose unions cross racial lines behave more similarly to their own group or their partner'sDesign: Using a sample of respondents from the National Health Interview Survey (2001-2011), we compare the likelihood of current smoking and quitting smoking among adults in mixed-race unions to adults in same-race unions.Results: Adults with different-race partners generally mirror their partner's group; people of color with White partners have a higher likelihood of being current smokers, similar to Whites, while Whites partnered with Asians and Latina/os are, like other Asians and Latino/as, less likely to smoke. There are fewer differences in the likelihood of quitting smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Bratter
- Sociology DepartmentProgram for the Study of Ethnicity Race and CultureKinder Institute for Urban Research, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary E Campbell
- Sociology Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jarron M Saint Onge
- Sociology DepartmentDepartment of Health Policy and Management, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Khan S, Nepple KG, Kibel AS, Sandhu G, Kallogjeri D, Strope S, Grubb R, Wolin KY, Sutcliffe S. The association of marital status and mortality among men with early-stage prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy: insight into post-prostatectomy survival strategies. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:871-876. [PMID: 31214808 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the association of marital status, a marker of social support, with all-cause and prostate cancer-specific mortality in a cohort of men with early-stage prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 3,579 men treated for localized (stage 1-2) prostate cancer with radical prostatectomy at a single institution between 1994 and 2004. Marital status (not married vs. married) and marital history (never married, divorced, widowed vs. married) at the time of prostatectomy were examined in relation to (1) all-cause mortality and (2) prostate cancer-specific mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Not being married (vs. married) at the time of radical prostatectomy was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality [Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.42; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.10, 1.85]. Similarly, in analyses of marital history, never-married men were at highest risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.19, 2.63). Unmarried status (vs. married) was also associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality (HR 1.97; 95% CI 1.01, 3.83). CONCLUSIONS Unmarried men with prostate cancer were at greater risk for death after radical prostatectomy. Among married men with prostate cancer, marriage likely serves as a multi-faceted proxy for many protective factors including social support. Future studies should explore the mechanisms underlying these findings to inform the development of novel prostate cancer survival interventions for unmarried men and those with low social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Khan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8100, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Kenneth G Nepple
- Department of Urology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, 3228 RCP, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, 45 Francis St., ASB11-3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gurdarshan Sandhu
- Mercy Clinic Urology, David C. Pratt Cancer Center, 607 S. New Ballas Rd., Suite 3100, St. Louis, MO, 63141, USA
| | - Dorina Kallogjeri
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8042, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Seth Strope
- Urology of St. Louis, 12855 North Forty Dr., Suite 375, St. Louis, MO, 63141, USA
| | - Robert Grubb
- Department of Urology, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Ave., Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Kathleen Y Wolin
- Interactive Health Inc., 300 N. Elizabeth St., Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Siobhan Sutcliffe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8100, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Partnership trajectories and cardiovascular health in late life of older adults in England and Germany. SSM Popul Health 2018; 6:26-35. [PMID: 30128350 PMCID: PMC6098208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Previous studies have shown marital status differences in incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular mortality. This study examines the consequences of partnership on biomarkers related to cardiovascular health of older men and women in Germany and England (C-reactive protein, HbA1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure; and total cholesterol). Methods Data used is from older adults (60 +) from the German Survey of Health and Retirement Europe SHARE (n=955) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing ELSA (n=9707). Life course partnership is measured using the timing (age at first partnership), quantum (number of partnerships) and partnership trajectory. OLS for C-reactive protein, logistic regressions for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and multinomial logistic regressions for cholesterol are used to investigate the associations between life course partnership characteristics and biomarkers, accounting for early age socioeconomic and health conditions. Results Timing of first partnership is associated with poor cardiovascular health in England, number of partnership transitions with poor health in Germany, and partnership trajectories are associated with cardiovascular health both in Germany and England. Men in trajectories with multiple marriages have higher CRP, and are more likely to have elevated systolic and diastolic BP. Trajectories containing single marital disruption for men and women are no longer associated with poor health after accounting for selection effects of childhood conditions. Respondents in widowed partnership trajectories have poorer cardiovascular health compared to those in intact committed relationships, whereas cohabitation trajectories do not differ in the associations with biomarkers from those in intact marriage. Conclusion The results offer better understanding of the pathways through which family events and processes are linked to health and support the hypothesis that adversity related to partnerships over the life course accumulates and contributes to worse cardiovascular health in later life measured by objective health measures. This study investigates the longitudinal accumulated effects of partnership on cardiovascular health using haemostatic and inflammatory biomarkers in later-life, C-reactive protein, HbA1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure; and total cholesterol. Based on life course theory of cumulative disadvantage, the study finds support that the benefits and risks of marital status accumulate over the life-course. The effects are visible on biomarkers of older adults in both Germany and England in models that account for conditions in early life, health behaviors in adult life and sociodemographic factors. Data used is from older adults (60 +) form the German Survey of Health and Retirement Europe SHARE (n=955) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing ELSA (n=9707). Life course partnership is measured using the timing (age at first partnership), quantum (number of partnerships) and partnership sequence type.
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Amoah PA, Phillips DR. Health literacy and health: rethinking the strategies for universal health coverage in Ghana. Public Health 2018; 159:40-49. [PMID: 29729490 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Health literacy (HL) is generally thought to be associated with positive health behaviour, appropriate health service utilisation and acceptance of interventions to maximise health outcomes. It is, therefore, increasingly suggested that evidence-based research should investigate how HL may operate in the context of universal health coverage (UHC). However, the role of HL in the relationships between elements of UHC such as access to health care and health insurance has not been widely explored. This applies in particular in Sub-Saharan Africa, although service coverage and health outcomes vary hugely between and within many countries. This article addresses this lacuna in Ghana, today one of the Africa's most promising health systems. STUDY DESIGN It is a cross-sectional study. METHODS The study used structured interviews to gather data from 779 rural and urban adults using a multistage cluster sampling approach. RESULTS In a three-step multiple hierarchical linear regression model, HL (B = -.09, standard error [SE] = .04) and health insurance subscription (B = -.15, SE = .04) were found to be inversely associated with poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Access to health care did not predict HRQoL (B = -.02, SE = .02). However, the interaction between access to health care and HL produced a negative effect on poor HRQoL (B = -.08, SE = .03). The interaction between HL and health insurance subscription also showed a similar effect on HRQoL (B = -.10, SE = .03). Further analysis depicted that access to health care (β = -.09, P = .05) and health insurance subscription (β = -.24, P = .00) related positively to HRQoL only when HL was high. CONCLUSION The article argues that where HL is low, even favourable policies for UHC are likely to miss set targets. While not losing sight of relevant sociocultural elements, enhancing HL should be a central strategy for policies aimed at bridging health inequalities and improving UHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmore Adusei Amoah
- Division of Graduate Studies and Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies, Lingnan University, 8 Castle Peak Rd., Tuen Mun, Hong Kong.
| | - David R Phillips
- Department of Sociology and Social Policy, Lingnan University, 8 Castle Peak Rd., Tuen Mun, Hong Kong.
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Mitchell JA, Cadet T, Burke S, Williams ED, Alvarez D. The Paradoxical Impact of Companionship on the Mental Health of Older African American Men. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2018; 73:230-239. [PMID: 28977531 PMCID: PMC5927098 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbx089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives African Americans comprise 9% of the 46 million U.S. adults over age 65. Two thirds of older African American men (AAM) reside with companions. This study investigated the assumption that frequent contact with companions confers mainly health-related benefits for AAM. Methods Utilizing secondary data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, the relationship between older AAM's mental health and related conditions (depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances), companion living arrangements, and frequency of contact with the participants for 3,423 older AAM and their 1,161 companions, was examined. Results The mean age of participants and companions was 74 years and 90% of AAM lived in a private residence. Logistic regression models indicated that an increased risk for anxiety was found when companions lived in (OR = 1.66), called daily (OR = 1.089), or visited daily (OR = 1.079). Finally, AAM had an increased likelihood of nonmedical sleep disturbances when companions lived in (OR = 1.67), called daily (1.105), or visited daily (1.078). Discussion The frequency of contact with companions may be consequential for select mental health outcomes and associated physiological conditions for older AAM; the timing of contact requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamara Cadet
- Simmons College School of Social Work, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shanna Burke
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami
| | | | - Daniel Alvarez
- Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Miami
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Yang XY, Yang T. Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use Among Adults in Their Late Twenties: The Importance of Social Bonding Trajectories. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0022042617722563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although weak social bonds are found to be associated with addictive behaviors in cross-sectional studies, few studies have explored the longitudinal impacts of social bonds on nonmedical prescription drug use (NPDU). This study adopted a developmental perspective on social bonds and tested how their different trajectories are associated with NPDU among adults. With panel surveys from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health from 1994 to 2008, this study employed group-based latent trajectory modeling to obtain the different trajectories of social bonds including religious, civic, familial, educational, and marital, and then used them as predictors of NPDU while controlling for potential confounders and the baseline NPDU. The findings show that constant and high-level social bonds significantly reduce the risk of NPDU, except for educational bond. However, for religious, civic, and educational bonds, the “low initial” trajectories are not significantly different from the “high-decrease” trajectories, implying that strong early-life social bonds do not prevent NPDU if such bonds register a recent decline. Weak social bonds constitute significant risk of NPDU for adults in their late twenties, and recent social bonds override the contribution of early-life bonds in most cases. Policy makers may consider strategies to sustain the active and meaningful participation in conventional institutions, and not solely rely on programs that facilitate early-life social integration.
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Dupre ME, Nelson A. Marital history and survival after a heart attack. Soc Sci Med 2016; 170:114-123. [PMID: 27770749 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and nearly one million Americans will have a heart attack this year. Although the risks associated with a heart attack are well established, we know surprisingly little about how marital factors contribute to survival in adults afflicted with heart disease. This study uses a life course perspective and longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study to examine how various dimensions of marital life influence survival in U.S. older adults who suffered a heart attack (n = 2197). We found that adults who were never married (odds ratio [OR] = 1.73), currently divorced (OR = 1.70), or widowed (OR = 1.34) were at significantly greater risk of dying after a heart attack than adults who were continuously married; and the risks were not uniform over time. We also found that the risk of dying increased by 12% for every additional marital loss and decreased by 7% for every one-tenth increase in the proportion of years married. After accounting for more than a dozen socioeconomic, psychosocial, behavioral, and physiological factors, we found that current marital status remained the most robust indicator of survival following a heart attack. The implications of the findings are discussed in the context of life course inequalities in chronic disease and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Dupre
- Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Alicia Nelson
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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12
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Dupre ME. Race, Marital History, and Risks for Stroke in US Older Adults. SOCIAL FORCES; A SCIENTIFIC MEDIUM OF SOCIAL STUDY AND INTERPRETATION 2016; 95:439-468. [PMID: 29187763 PMCID: PMC5703199 DOI: 10.1093/sf/sow040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is among the leading causes of disability and death in the United States, and racial differences are greater for stroke than for all other major chronic diseases. Considering the equally sizeable racial disparities in marital life and associated risks across adulthood, the current study hypothesizes that black-white differences in marital history play an important role in the large racial inequalities in the incidence of stroke. The major objective are to (i) demonstrate how marital history is associated with the incidence of stroke, (ii) examine how marital factors mediate and/or moderate racial disparities in stroke, and (iii) examine the factors that may explain the associations. Using retrospective and prospective data from the Health and Retirement Study (n = 23,289), the results show that non-Hispanic (NH) blacks have significantly higher rates of marital instability, greater numbers of health-risk factors, and substantially higher rates of stroke compared with NH whites. Contrary to the cumulative disadvantage hypothesis, findings from discrete-time-hazard models show that the effects of marital history are more pronounced for NH whites than for NH blacks. Risks for stroke were significantly higher in NH whites who were currently divorced, remarried, and widowed, as well as in those with a history of divorce or widowhood, compared with NH whites who were continuously married. In NH blacks, risks for stroke were elevated only in those who had either never married or had been widowed-with no significant risks attributable to divorce. The potential mechanisms underlying the associations are assessed, and the implications of the findings are discussed.
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Couch KA, Tamborini CR, Reznik GL. The Long-Term Health Implications of Marital Disruption: Divorce, Work Limits, and Social Security Disability Benefits Among Men. Demography 2016; 52:1487-512. [PMID: 26370282 DOI: 10.1007/s13524-015-0424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We provide new evidence on the long-term impact of divorce on work disability among U.S. men. Using data from the 2004 Survey of Income and Program Participation linked to U.S. Social Security Administration records, we assess the relationship between divorce and subsequent self-reports of work limitations and the receipt of federal disability benefits. The examination of self-reports and administrative records of medically qualified benefits provides dual confirmation of key relationships. We compare men who experienced a marital dissolution between 1975 and 1984 with continuously married men for 20 years following divorce using fixed-effects and propensity score matching models, and choose a sample to help control for selection into divorce. On average, we find that divorce is not associated with an increased probability of self-reported work limitations or receipt of disability benefits over the long run. However, among those who do not remarry, we do find that divorce increases men's long-term probability of both self-reported work limitations and federal disability benefit receipt. Lack of marital resources may drive this relationship. Alternative estimates that do not control for selection into divorce demonstrate that selection bias can substantially alter findings regarding the relationship between marital status changes and subsequent health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Couch
- Department of Economics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
| | | | - Gayle L Reznik
- Office of Retirement Policy, U.S. Social Security Administration, Washington, DC, USA.
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Debnam KJ, Howard DE, Garza MA, Green KM. African American Girls' Ideal Dating Relationship Now and In the Future. YOUTH & SOCIETY 2014; 49:271-294. [PMID: 28943670 PMCID: PMC5605910 DOI: 10.1177/0044118x14535417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a particularly important and challenging time for developing long lasting romantic relationship patterns. However, limited empirical research has explored teen perceptions of ideal partner characteristics during adolescence or their significance to the quality of current and future relationships. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 33 African American high school girls to shed light on the qualities desired in their dating relationships and relational factors that influence teen dating behaviors. Guided by the Social Ecological Framework, interviews were transcribed verbatim and entered into ATLAS.ti, for coding and analysis. Girls discussed the important influence of parents in choosing a partner and provided positive depictions of friendship and marriage with a suitable partner. More research is needed to understand how and why adolescents desire particular characteristics, how socialization shapes teen perceptions and how these preferences may be related to current and future adolescent dating choices, including violence perpetration and victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina J. Debnam
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health
| | - Donna E. Howard
- University of Maryland, School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health
| | - Mary A. Garza
- University of Maryland, School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health
- University of Maryland Center for Health Equity, School of Public Health
| | - Kerry M. Green
- University of Maryland, School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health
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Astone NM, Pleck JH, Dariotis JM, Marcell AV, Emerson M, Shapiro S, Sonenstein FL. Union status and sexual risk behavior among men in their 30s. PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2013; 45:204-9. [PMID: 24188587 PMCID: PMC4144408 DOI: 10.1363/4520413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Understanding the relationship between union status and men's sexual risk behavior in their 30s is important to ensure appropriate reproductive health services for men in middle adulthood. METHODS Data from 1,083 men aged 34-41 who participated in the 2008-2010 wave of the National Survey of Adolescent Males were used to examine differentials in sexual risk behaviors by union status, past risk behavior and selected characteristics. Bivariate tabulations were done to assess relationships between current risk behavior and background variables, multinomial regression analysis was conducted to identify associations between union status and past risk behavior, and logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations between current behavior and both union status and past behavior. RESULTS Eight percent of men in their 30s had had three or more sexual partners in the last 12 months, 10% had had at least one risky partner and 8% had had concurrent partners. Men living outside co-residential unions reported higher levels of these behaviors (24%, 29% and 24%, respectively) than did married men (1-2%) or cohabiting men (7-12%). In multivariate analyses that controlled for past risk behavior, married men were less likely than cohabiting men to have had at least one risky partner or concurrent partners in the last year (odds ratio, 0.2 for each), while men who were not in a co-residential union had an increased likelihood of reporting each risk behavior (2.2-5.3). CONCLUSIONS Men in their 30s, especially those who are not married, engage in risky sexual behaviors. Further studies are needed to assess what contributes to behavioral differences by union status and what types of services might help men in this age-group reduce their risk.
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