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Upadhyay P, Wu CW, Pham A, Zeki AA, Royer CM, Kodavanti UP, Takeuchi M, Bayram H, Pinkerton KE. Animal models and mechanisms of tobacco smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2023; 26:275-305. [PMID: 37183431 PMCID: PMC10718174 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2208886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide, and its global health burden is increasing. COPD is characterized by emphysema, mucus hypersecretion, and persistent lung inflammation, and clinically by chronic airflow obstruction and symptoms of dyspnea, cough, and fatigue in patients. A cluster of pathologies including chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, and cardiovascular disease in the form of hypertension and atherosclerosis variably coexist in COPD patients. Underlying causes for COPD include primarily tobacco use but may also be driven by exposure to air pollutants, biomass burning, and workplace related fumes and chemicals. While no single animal model might mimic all features of human COPD, a wide variety of published models have collectively helped to improve our understanding of disease processes involved in the genesis and persistence of COPD. In this review, the pathogenesis and associated risk factors of COPD are examined in different mammalian models of the disease. Each animal model included in this review is exclusively created by tobacco smoke (TS) exposure. As animal models continue to aid in defining the pathobiological mechanisms of and possible novel therapeutic interventions for COPD, the advantages and disadvantages of each animal model are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Upadhyay
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Ching-Wen Wu
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Alexa Pham
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Amir A. Zeki
- Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, School of Medicine; University of California, Davis, School of Medicine; U.C. Davis Lung Center; Davis, CA USA
| | - Christopher M. Royer
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Urmila P. Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Minoru Takeuchi
- Department of Animal Medical Science, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hasan Bayram
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kent E. Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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Biological and Genetic Mechanisms of COPD, Its Diagnosis, Treatment, and Relationship with Lung Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020448. [PMID: 36830984 PMCID: PMC9953173 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most prevalent chronic adult diseases, with significant worldwide morbidity and mortality. Although long-term tobacco smoking is a critical risk factor for this global health problem, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Several phenomena are thought to be involved in the evolution of emphysema, including airway inflammation, proteinase/anti-proteinase imbalance, oxidative stress, and genetic/epigenetic modifications. Furthermore, COPD is one main risk for lung cancer (LC), the deadliest form of human tumor; formation and chronic inflammation accompanying COPD can be a potential driver of malignancy maturation (0.8-1.7% of COPD cases develop cancer/per year). Recently, the development of more research based on COPD and lung cancer molecular analysis has provided new light for understanding their pathogenesis, improving the diagnosis and treatments, and elucidating many connections between these diseases. Our review emphasizes the biological factors involved in COPD and lung cancer, the advances in their molecular mechanisms' research, and the state of the art of diagnosis and treatments. This work combines many biological and genetic elements into a single whole and strongly links COPD with lung tumor features.
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Zhang C, Li W, Li X, Wan D, Mack S, Zhang J, Wagner K, Wang C, Tan B, Chen J, Wu CW, Tsuji K, Takeuchi M, Chen Z, Hammock BD, Pinkerton KE, Yang J. Novel aerosol treatment of airway hyper-reactivity and inflammation in a murine model of asthma with a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266608. [PMID: 35443010 PMCID: PMC9020733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma currently affects more than 339 million people worldwide. In the present preliminary study, we examined the efficacy of a new, inhalable soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor (sEHI), 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU), to attenuate airway inflammation, mucin secretion, and hyper-responsiveness (AHR) in an ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized murine model. Male BALB/c mice were divided into phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), OVA, and OVA+TPPU (2- or 6-h) exposure groups. On days 0 and 14, the mice were administered PBS or sensitized to OVA in PBS. From days 26-38, seven challenge exposures were performed with 30 min inhalation of filtered air or OVA alone. In the OVA+TPPU groups, a 2- or 6-h TPPU inhalation preceded each 30-min OVA exposure. On day 39, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed, and biological samples were collected. Lung tissues were used to semi-quantitatively evaluate the severity of inflammation and airway constriction and the volume of stored intracellular mucosubstances. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and blood samples were used to analyze regulatory lipid mediator profiles. Significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated alveolar, bronchiolar, and pleural inflammation; airway resistance and constriction; mucosubstance volume; and inflammatory lipid mediator levels were observed with OVA+TPPU relative to OVA alone. Cumulative findings indicated TPPU inhalation effectively inhibited inflammation, suppressed AHR, and prevented mucosubstance accumulation in the murine asthmatic model. Future studies should determine the pharmacokinetics (i.e., absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and pharmacodynamics (i.e., concentration/dose responses) of inhaled TPPU to explore its potential as an asthma-preventative or -rescue treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Wei Li
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiyuan Li
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Savannah Mack
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Karen Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Bowen Tan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jason Chen
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ching-Wen Wu
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kaori Tsuji
- Department of Animal Medical Science, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Takeuchi
- Department of Animal Medical Science, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ziping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kent E. Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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Pham AK, Wu CW, Qiu X, Xu J, Smiley-Jewell S, Uyeminami D, Upadhyay P, Zhao D, Pinkerton KE. Differential lung inflammation and injury with tobacco smoke exposure in Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Inhal Toxicol 2020; 32:328-341. [PMID: 32781858 PMCID: PMC8034838 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1805052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide and has been associated with periods of intense lung inflammation. The objective of this study was to characterize whether similar rat strains, possessing different genetic predispositions, might play a role in exacerbating the pathophysiology of COPD-like cellular and structural changes with progressive 12-week exposure to tobacco smoke (TS). Normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats were compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS WKY and SH rats were exposed to filtered air or to tobacco smoke at a particulate concentration of 80 mg/m3 for 4, 8, or 12 weeks. Necropsy was performed 24 h after the last exposure to obtain cells by bronchoalveolar lavage for total cell and differential counts. Scoring of lung tissues and immunohistochemical staining for M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages were performed on paraffin-embedded lung sections. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION With progressive exposure, TS-exposed SH rats demonstrated significant airspace enlargement, mucin production, and lung inflammation compared to their FA control and TS-matched WKY rats. Moreover, SH rats also demonstrated increased expression of the M1 marker in alveolar macrophages compared to FA control, as well as the M2 marker compared to controls and TS-exposed WKY rats. CONCLUSION The progressive tobacco smoke exposure contributes to persistent lung injury and inflammation that can be significantly enhanced by rat strain susceptibility in the genesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa K. Pham
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ching-Wen Wu
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xing Qiu
- Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | | | - Dale Uyeminami
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Priya Upadhyay
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dewei Zhao
- Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Kent E. Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Haghani A, Arpawong TE, Kim JK, Lewinger JP, Finch CE, Crimmins E. Female vulnerability to the effects of smoking on health outcomes in older people. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234015. [PMID: 32497122 PMCID: PMC7272024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is among the leading risk factors for mortality and morbidity. While men have a higher smoking prevalence, mechanistic experiments suggest that women are at higher risk for health problems due to smoking. Moreover, the comparison of smoking effects on multiple conditions and mortality for men and women has not yet been done in a population-based group with race/ethnic diversity. We used proportional hazards models and restricted mean survival time to assess differences in smoking effects by sex for multiple health outcomes using data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a population-representative cohort of individuals aged 50+ (n = 22,708, 1992-2014). Men had experienced more smoking pack-years than women (22.0 vs 15.6 average pack-years). Age of death, onset of lung disorders, heart disease, stroke, and cancer showed dose-dependent effects of smoking for both sexes. Among heavy smokers (>28 pack-years) women had higher risk of earlier age of death (HR = 1.3, 95%CI:1.03-1.65) and stroke (HR = 1.37, 95%CI:1.02-1.83). Risk of cancer and heart disease did not differ by sex for smokers. Women had earlier age of onset for lung disorders (HR = 2.83, 95%CI:1.74-4.6), but men risk due to smoking were higher (Smoking-Sex interaction P<0.02) than women. Passive smoke exposure increased risk of earlier heart disease (HR = 1.33, 95%CI:1.07-1.65) and stroke (HR:1.54, 95%CI:1.07-2.22) for non-smokers, mainly in men. Smoking cessation after 15 years partially attenuated the deleterious smoking effects for all health outcomes. In sum, our results suggest that women are more vulnerable to ever smoking for earlier death and risk of stroke, but less vulnerable for lung disorders. From an epidemiological perspective, sex differences in smoking effects are important considerations that could underlie sex differences in health outcomes. These findings also encourage future mechanistic experiments to resolve potential mechanisms of sex-specific cigarette smoke toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Haghani
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Thalida Em Arpawong
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jung Ki Kim
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Juan Pablo Lewinger
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Caleb E. Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Eileen Crimmins
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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