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Talaee N, Azadvar S, Khodadadi S, Abbasi N, Asli-Pashaki ZN, Mirabzadeh Y, Kholghi G, Akhondzadeh S, Vaseghi S. Comparing the effect of fluoxetine, escitalopram, and sertraline, on the level of BDNF and depression in preclinical and clinical studies: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 80:983-1016. [PMID: 38558317 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-024-03680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) dysfunction is one of the most important mechanisms underlying depression. It seems that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) improve depression via affecting BDNF level. In this systematic review, for the first time, we aimed to review the effect of three SSRIs including fluoxetine, escitalopram, and sertraline, on both depression and BDNF level in preclinical and clinical studies. PubMed electronic database was searched, and 193 articles were included in this study. After reviewing all manuscripts, only one important difference was found: subjects. We found that SSRIs induce different effects in animals vs. humans. Preclinical studies showed many controversial effects, while human studies showed only two effects: improvement of depression, with or without the improvement of BDNF. However, most studies used chronic SSRIs treatment, while acute SSRIs were not effectively used and evaluated. In conclusion, it seems that SSRIs are reliable antidepressants, and the improvement effect of SSRIs on depression is not dependent to BDNF level (at least in human studies).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Talaee
- Department of Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shataw Azadvar
- Department of Power Electronic, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Khodadadi
- Student Research Committee, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahal Abbasi
- Department of Health Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Yasaman Mirabzadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Kholghi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Shahin Akhondzadeh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, 1419815477, Iran.
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Kasperk N, Haen E, Hiemke C, Frodl T, Schoretsanitis G, Paulzen M, Kuzo N. Pharmacokinetic correlates of clinical response in a naturalistic sample of escitalopram-treated patients. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2024; 17:247-253. [PMID: 38299560 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2024.2314211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed pharmacokinetic correlates of treatment response to escitalopram using a large therapeutic drug monitoring database. METHODS A large naturalistic sample of patients receiving escitalopram was analyzed. Responders were defined as 'very much improved' or 'much improved' based on the Clinical Global Impression - Improvement score, CGI-I. We compared responders (n = 83) vs. non-responders (n = 388) with the primary outcome being the escitalopram plasma concentration and concentration corrected by the daily dose (C/D ratio). Effects of age, sex, body-mass-index (BMI), and C/D ratio were assessed in a multivariate logistic regression model predicting response. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in clinical and demographic characteristics between responders vs. non-responders. There were also no differences between escitalopram daily doses or plasma concentrations, while C/D ratios were significantly higher in non-responders than in responders (1.6 ± 1.7 vs. 1.2 ± 0.9 (ng/mL)/(mg/day), p = 0.007); C/D ratios (odds ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.34-0.80, p < 0.003) were associated with response to escitalopram, after controlling for age, sex, and BMI. CONCLUSIONS Patients with low clearance of escitalopram as reflected upon high C/D ratios may be less likely respond to escitalopram. Identifying these patients during dose titration may support clinical decision-making, including switching to a different antidepressant instead of increasing daily dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Kasperk
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, and JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Haen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Clinical Pharmacology, Institute AGATE gGmbH, Pentling, Germany
| | - Christoph Hiemke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, and JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georgios Schoretsanitis
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Department of Psychiatry Research, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Paulzen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, and JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
- Alexianer Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nazar Kuzo
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Sreeja V, Jose A, Patel S, Menon B, Athira KV, Chakravarty S. Pharmacogenetics of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI): A serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT)-based approach. Neurochem Int 2024; 173:105672. [PMID: 38157886 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are considered to be the most common cause of disability worldwide. Serotonin and its transporter is a prominent paradigm in mood disorders. Response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) is altered due to heterogeneity in the serotonin transporter gene, SLC6A4 (solute carrier family 6 member 4). The reported polymorphisms are found to be in different regions of the transporter gene: promoter region (5-HTTLPR and various single nucleotide polymorphisms within it), intron (STin2), and exon 9 (I425V). The long and short alleles of the 5-HTTLPR gene, which are prevalent among variations, may mediate differential effects. In long allelic variant carriers, an increased response to SSRI and timely recovery is due to increased availability of SERT. Whereas, SERT availability is significantly decreased in short allelic carriers, necessitating a reduction in SSRI dosage due to the increased risk of adverse drug reactions. Thus, pharmacogenetic investigations are required to understand the impact of functional variations on the efficacy and tolerability of SSRI. Identifying the carrier variants may aid in clear-decision making of the treatment regimen, aiding the approach of personalized medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sreeja
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Anju Jose
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Shashikant Patel
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Bindu Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - K V Athira
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India.
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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Singh P, Srivastava A, Guin D, Thakran S, Yadav J, Chandna P, Sood M, Chadda RK, Kukreti R. Genetic Landscape of Major Depressive Disorder: Assessment of Potential Diagnostic and Antidepressant Response Markers. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 26:692-738. [PMID: 36655406 PMCID: PMC10586057 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical heterogeneity in major depressive disorder (MDD), variable treatment response, and conflicting findings limit the ability of genomics toward the discovery of evidence-based diagnosis and treatment regimen. This study attempts to curate all genetic association findings to evaluate potential variants for clinical translation. METHODS We systematically reviewed all candidates and genome-wide association studies for both MDD susceptibility and antidepressant response, independently, using MEDLINE, particularly to identify replicated findings. These variants were evaluated for functional consequences using different in silico tools and further estimated their diagnostic predictability by calculating positive predictive values. RESULTS A total of 217 significantly associated studies comprising 1200 variants across 545 genes and 128 studies including 921 variants across 412 genes were included with MDD susceptibility and antidepressant response, respectively. Although the majority of associations were confirmed by a single study, we identified 31 and 18 replicated variants (in at least 2 studies) for MDD and antidepressant response. Functional annotation of these 31 variants predicted 20% coding variants as deleterious/damaging and 80.6% variants with regulatory effect. Similarly, the response-related 18 variants revealed 25% coding variant as damaging and 88.2% with substantial regulatory potential. Finally, we could calculate the diagnostic predictability of 19 and 5 variants whose positive predictive values ranges from 0.49 to 0.66 for MDD and 0.36 to 0.66 for response. CONCLUSIONS The replicated variants presented in our data are promising for disease diagnosis and improved response outcomes. Although these quantitative assessment measures are solely directive of available observational evidence, robust homogenous validation studies are required to strengthen these variants for molecular diagnostic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ankit Srivastava
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Debleena Guin
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Delhi, India
| | - Sarita Thakran
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Jyoti Yadav
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - Puneet Chandna
- Indian Society of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ISCCP), Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Mamta Sood
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Chadda
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Wang L, Yang P, Yang C, Yang D, Wu X, Cao T, Zeng C, Chen Q, Zhang S, Zhu Z, Jiao S, Cai H. Disturbance of neurotransmitter metabolism in drug-naïve, first-episode major depressive disorder: a comparative study on adult and adolescent cohorts. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:1283-1296. [PMID: 35410391 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter metabolism plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, whether the neurotransmitter metabolism in adolescent MDD is differentiated from adult MDD is still elusive. In the current study, plasma concentrations of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters as well as their metabolites, including tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), norepinephrine (NE), vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), glutamine (GLN), glutamate (GLU) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), were measured and compared in two cohorts of subjects (adult cohort: 31 first-episode MDD vs. 35 healthy controls; adolescent cohort: 33 first-episode MDD vs. 30 healthy controls). To assess the effects of antidepressant treatment, we also analyzed the concentrations of these indexes pre- and post-treatment in adult and adolescent cohorts. At baseline, the deficits of neurotransmitter metabolism in adult MDD were manifested in all the neurotransmitter systems. In contrast, for adolescent MDD, the dysregulation of neurotransmission was mainly indicated in the catecholaminergic systems. After antidepressant treatment, adult MDD showed increased TRP, KYN, KYNA and GLU levels, together with decreased levels of 5-HIAA and DOPAC. Adolescent MDD illustrated an increased level of 5-HT and decreased levels of TRP and GABA. The improvements of Hamilton total scores correlated with the changes in plasma TRP and the turnover of KYN/TRP after treatment in all MDD patients. However, these correlations were only manifested in the adult MDD rather than in adolescent MDD patients. The findings highlight the shared and distinguished neurotransmitter pathways in MDD and emphasize the different antidepressant responses between adults and adolescents. Potentially, the neurotransmitters above could serve as diagnostic biomarkers and provide a novel pharmacological treatment strategy for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Child Psychology, Xinjiang Mental Health Center and Urumqi Fourth People's Hospital, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangxin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Cuirong Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shuangyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shimeng Jiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hualin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Therapeutic drug monitoring of sertraline in children and adolescents: A naturalistic study with insights into the clinical response and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 115:152301. [PMID: 35248877 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sertraline is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor with specific indications in child and adolescent psychiatry. Notwithstanding its frequent use and clinical benefits, the relationship between pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and tolerability of sertraline across indications, particularly in non-adult patients, is not fully understood. METHOD This naturalistic therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) study was conducted in a transdiagnostic sample of children and adolescents treated with sertraline (n = 78; mean age, 14.22 ± 2.39; range, 7-18 years) within the prospective multicenter "TDM-VIGIL" project. Associations between dose, serum concentration, and medication-specific therapeutic and side effects based on the Clinical Global Impression scale were examined. Tolerability was measured qualitatively with the 56-item Pediatric Adverse Event Rating Scale. RESULTS A strong linear positive dose-serum concentration relationship (with dose explaining 45% of the variance in concentration) and significant effects of weight and co-medication were found. Neither dose nor serum concentration were associated with side effects. An overall mild-to-moderate tolerability profile of sertraline was observed. In contrast with the transdiagnostic analysis that did not indicate an effect of concentration, when split into depression (MDD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) diagnoses, the probability of clinical improvement significantly increased as both dose and concentration increased for OCD, but not for MDD. CONCLUSIONS This TDM-flexible-dose study revealed a significant diagnosis-specific effect between sertraline serum concentration and clinical efficacy for pediatric OCD. While TDM already guides clinical decision-making regarding compliance, dose calibration, and drug-drug interactions, combining TDM with other methods, such as pharmacogenetics, may facilitate a personalized medicine approach in psychiatry.
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Effects of Antidepressant Treatment on Neurotrophic Factors (BDNF and IGF-1) in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153377. [PMID: 34362162 PMCID: PMC8346988 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) remains the subject of ongoing research as a multifactorial disease and a serious public health problem. There is a growing body of literature focusing on the role of neurotrophic factors in pathophysiology of MDD. A neurotrophic hypothesis of depression proposes that abnormalities of neurotrophins serum levels lead to neuronal atrophy and decreased neurogenesis, resulting in mood disorders. Consequently, in accordance with recent findings, antidepressant treatment modifies the serum levels of neurotrophins and thus leads to a clinical improvement of MDD. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available data on the effects of various antidepressants on serum levels of neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1). In addition, the authors discuss their role as prognostic factors for treatment response in MDD. A literature search was performed using the PubMed database. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, nine original articles and three meta-analyses were selected. The vast majority of studies have confirmed the effect of antidepressants on BDNF levels. Research on IGF-1 is limited and insufficient to describe the correlation between different antidepressant drugs and factor serum levels; however, four studies indicated a decrease in IGF-1 after treatment. Preliminary data suggest BDNF as a promising predictor of treatment response in MDD patients. The role of IGF-1 needs further investigation.
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Ren F, Ma Y, Zhu X, Guo R, Wang J, He L. Pharmacogenetic association of bi- and triallelic polymorphisms of SLC6A4 with antidepressant response in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2020; 273:254-264. [PMID: 32421611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antidepressants (ADs) are the main clinical therapy for depression, but approximately half of users do not get adequate response. The biallelic (5-HTTLPR) and triallelic (5-HTTLPR/rs25531) polymorphisms in SLC6A4 have been frequently investigated, but their associations with ADs response are in controversy. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to assess their modulation effect to ADs response in major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS We performed literature search in PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE before June 2019. Pooled analysis of genetic associations with response and remission, meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were performed, and publication bias was assessed. RESULTS Literature search yielded 49 eligible studies with 46 and 10 studies for biallelic and triallelic polymorphism, respectively. L allele of 5-HTTLPR was associated with both of response and remission rates. In the Caucasians using SSRIs only, carriers of LL/LS or LL genotype were more likely to be responders compared to SS carriers (LL/LS vs. SS: OR=1.55, 95%CI 1.20-2.00, p=0.001; LL vs. SS: OR=1.97, 95%CI 1.45-2.67, p<0.001). Similar associations were also found with remission rate. However, no effects on response or remission were found in the Asians or mixed/other antidepressant subgroups. Additionally, the 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 triallelic polymorphism may not associate with ADs response. Meta-regression showed that percent of female in participants, year of publication and treatment duration modulated the association in Caucasians. CONCLUSION 5-HTTLPR, instead of 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 triallelic polymorphism, may exert as a marker for the prediction of response to SSRIs in Caucasians with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Ren
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Yufeng Ma
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhu
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Rongjuan Guo
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Lijuan He
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
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Zou Z, Huang Y, Wang J, Min W, Zhou B. The association between serotonin-related gene polymorphisms and susceptibility and early sertraline response in patients with panic disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:388. [PMID: 32723321 PMCID: PMC7388522 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02790-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of studies have shown that genetic factor plays an important role in etiology of panic disorder (PD). The aim of the present study was to examine the association of serotonin-related gene polymorphisms with PD risk. Then, we analyzed the correlation between these gene polymorphisms and response to sertraline drug. METHODS Two hundred thirty-three patients with PD and 231 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) were administered to all subjects, and all patients in the study were also assessed after 4 weeks of treatment. The SLC6A4(rs140701, rs3813034, 5-HTTLPR and STin2), 5-HTR1A rs6295, 5-HTR2A rs6313 and COMT rs4680 gene polymorphisms were genotyped and assessed for the potential association. RESULTS The allelic model showed that the SLC6A4 rs140701 polymorphism variant was significantly associated with increased risk of PD (OR = 0.624, 95% CI 0.450-0.864, p < 0.05), and a significant result was found in the dominant model (OR = 0.546; 95% CI, 0.371-0.804, p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in allele and genotype frequency between responders and nonresponders in the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism (OR = 0.205, 95% CI 0.128-0.328; OR = 0.249, 95% CI 0.155-0.401, both p < 0.001), indicating the PD patients with S-allele had a poorer response to sertraline than L-allele carriers. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that the SLC6A4 rs140701 polymorphism variant may be associated with susceptibility to PD, and 5-HTTLPR polymorphism may be a predictor of response to sertraline in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Zou
- grid.410646.10000 0004 1808 0950Psychosomatic Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 32 West Second Section First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072 P.R. China
| | - Yulan Huang
- grid.410646.10000 0004 1808 0950Psychosomatic Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 32 West Second Section First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072 P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- grid.410646.10000 0004 1808 0950Psychosomatic Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 32 West Second Section First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072 P.R. China
| | - Wenjiao Min
- grid.410646.10000 0004 1808 0950Psychosomatic Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 32 West Second Section First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072 P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Psychosomatic Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 32 West Second Section First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, P.R. China.
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Zou Z, Zhou B, Huang Y, Wang J, Min W, Li T. Differences in cytokines between patients with generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder. J Psychosom Res 2020; 133:109975. [PMID: 32220649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.109975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences among panic disorder (PD), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and controls in inflammatory cytokines. We also analysed the correlation between inflammatory cytokines and response to escitalopram in PD and GAD patients. METHODS Eighty-six patients with PD, 86 patients with GAD and 86 healthy controls were recruited for this study. All participants were, respectively, assessed for severity of anxiety and panic symptoms using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) and the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS); all patients in the study were also assessed after 4 weeks of treatment. The serum levels of cytokines were measured using a flow fluorescence microsphere assay. RESULTS Both PD and GAD patients had higher serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) than controls, and patients with PD showed significantly higher IL-6 than GAD patients. Significant positive correlations were found between the IFN-γ levels and the severity of anxiety in GAD patients. Higher level of IL-6 was associated with better response to escitalopram treatment in PD patients. However, the baseline levels of cytokines were not associated with treatment responses in GAD patients. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that patients with PD may have higher levels of IL-6 than GAD, and higher baseline levels of IL-6 may be a better response to escitalopram in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Zou
- Mental Health Center, West China University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Psychosomatic Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Psychosomatic Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yulan Huang
- Psychosomatic Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Psychosomatic Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Wenjiao Min
- Psychosomatic Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Tao Li
- Mental Health Center, West China University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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11
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Ma G, Huang X, Xu F, Ren D, Bi Y, Guo Z, Yuan F, Sun Q, Zhang N, An L, Chen Z, Wu X, Wang L, Yang F, Li X, He L, Sun X, Yu T, He G. Association between ABC family polymorphisms and antidepressant response in Chinese Han population with major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2020; 284:112615. [PMID: 31668664 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaini Ma
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaoye Huang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Decheng Ren
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhenming Guo
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Fan Yuan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Naixin Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lin An
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhixuan Chen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Fengping Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xingwang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xueli Sun
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Guang He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
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12
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Voegeli G, Cléry-Melin ML, Ramoz N, Gorwood P. Progress in Elucidating Biomarkers of Antidepressant Pharmacological Treatment Response: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Last 15 Years. Drugs 2018; 77:1967-1986. [PMID: 29094313 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-017-0819-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antidepressant drugs are widely prescribed, but response rates after 3 months are only around one-third, explaining the importance of the search of objectively measurable markers predicting positive treatment response. These markers are being developed in different fields, with different techniques, sample sizes, costs, and efficiency. It is therefore difficult to know which ones are the most promising. OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to compute comparable (i.e., standardized) effect sizes, at study level but also at marker level, in order to conclude on the efficacy of each technique used and all analyzed markers. METHODS We conducted a systematic search on the PubMed database to gather all articles published since 2000 using objectively measurable markers to predict antidepressant response from five domains, namely cognition, electrophysiology, imaging, genetics, and transcriptomics/proteomics/epigenetics. A manual screening of the abstracts and the reference lists of these articles completed the search process. RESULTS Executive functioning, theta activity in the rostral Anterior Cingular Cortex (rACC), and polysomnographic sleep measures could be considered as belonging to the best objectively measured markers, with a combined d around 1 and at least four positive studies. For inter-category comparisons, the approaches that showed the highest effect sizes are, in descending order, imaging (combined d between 0.703 and 1.353), electrophysiology (0.294-1.138), cognition (0.929-1.022), proteins/nucleotides (0.520-1.18), and genetics (0.021-0.515). CONCLUSION Markers of antidepressant treatment outcome are numerous, but with a discrepant level of accuracy. Many biomarkers and cognitions have sufficient predictive value (d ≥ 1) to be potentially useful for clinicians to predict outcome and personalize antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Voegeli
- CMME, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Descartes, 100 rue de la Santé, 75014, Paris, France.
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience (INSERM UMR 894), 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014, Paris, France.
| | - M L Cléry-Melin
- CMME, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Descartes, 100 rue de la Santé, 75014, Paris, France
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience (INSERM UMR 894), 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014, Paris, France
| | - N Ramoz
- CMME, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Descartes, 100 rue de la Santé, 75014, Paris, France
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience (INSERM UMR 894), 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014, Paris, France
| | - P Gorwood
- CMME, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Descartes, 100 rue de la Santé, 75014, Paris, France
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience (INSERM UMR 894), 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014, Paris, France
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Oka T, Tanahashi T, Sudo N, Lkhagvasuren B, Yamada Y. Changes in fatigue, autonomic functions, and blood biomarkers due to sitting isometric yoga in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Biopsychosoc Med 2018; 12:3. [PMID: 29643935 PMCID: PMC5891891 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-018-0123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a previous randomized controlled trial, we found that sitting isometric yoga improves fatigue in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) who are resistant to conventional therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate possible mechanisms behind this finding, focusing on the short-term fatigue-relieving effect, by comparing autonomic nervous function and blood biomarkers before and after a session of isometric yoga. Methods Fifteen patients with CFS who remained symptomatic despite at least 6 months of conventional therapy practiced sitting isometric yoga (biweekly 20 min practice with a yoga instructor and daily home practice) for eight weeks. Acute effects of sitting isometric yoga on fatigue, autonomic function, and blood biomarkers were investigated after the final session with an instructor. The effect of a single session of sitting isometric yoga on fatigue was assessed by the Profile of Mood Status (POMS) questionnaire immediately before and after the session. Autonomic nervous function (heart rate (HR) variability) and blood biomarkers (cortisol, DHEA-S, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IFN-α, prolactin, carnitine, TGF-β1, BDNF, MHPG, and HVA) were compared before and after the session. Results Sitting isometric yoga significantly reduced the POMS fatigue score (p < 0.01) and increased the vigor score (p < 0.01). It also reduced HR (p < 0.05) and increased the high frequency power (p < 0.05) of HR variability. Sitting isometric yoga increased serum levels of DHEA-S (p < 0.05), reduced levels of cortisol (p < 0.05) and TNF-α (p < 0.05), and had a tendency to reduce serum levels of prolactin (p < 0.1). Decreases in fatigue scores correlated with changes in plasma levels of TGF-β1 and BDNF. In contrast, increased vigor positively correlated with HVA. Conclusions A single session of sitting isometric yoga reduced fatigue and increased vigor in patients with CFS. Yoga also increased vagal nerve function and changed blood biomarkers in a pattern that suggested anti-stress and anti-inflammatory effects. These changes appear to be related to the short-term fatigue-relieving effect of sitting isometric yoga in patients with CFS. Furthermore, dopaminergic nervous system activation might account for sitting isometric yoga-induced increases in energy in this patient population. Trial registration University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN CTR) UMIN000009646. Registered Dec 27, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takakazu Oka
- 1Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare hospital, Iguchi 537-3, Nasushiobara-shi, Tochigi-ken 329-2763 Japan.,2Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Tokusei Tanahashi
- 2Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sudo
- 2Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Battuvshin Lkhagvasuren
- 2Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Yu Yamada
- 1Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare hospital, Iguchi 537-3, Nasushiobara-shi, Tochigi-ken 329-2763 Japan
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14
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Yoshimura R, Kishi T, Atake K, Katsuki A, Iwata N. Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, and Plasma Catecholamine Metabolites in People with Major Depression: Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:52. [PMID: 29541037 PMCID: PMC5835900 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are complicated interactions between catecholaminergic neurons and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain. However, no reports have addressed the relationship among 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), homovanillic acid (HVA), and BDNF in the blood. OBJECTIVE This paper sought to investigate correlations between serum BDNF and plasma levels of MHPG and HVA in people with major depression (MD). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 148 patients (male/female 65/83, age 49.5 ± 12.1 years old) who satisfied criteria for MD based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV were enrolled in the present study. Plasma levels of MHPG and HVA were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography, and serum BDNF was measured using ELISA. RESULTS No interactions were observed between plasma HVA levels (mean ± SD = 4.5 ± 1.5 ng/mL) and age, sex, HAMD scores, or serum BDNF levels (mean ± SD = 9.8 ± 2.9 ng/mL). No correlations were not also observed between plasma MHPG levels (mean ± SD = 5.9 ± 2.1 ng/mL) and age, sex, the HAMD17 scores (mean ± SD = 22.2 ± 2.9 ng/mL), or serum BDNF levels. Serum BDNF levels were negatively associated with HAMD17 scores. CONCLUSION The results suggest that there are no significant correlations between catecholamine metabolites and BDNF in the blood for MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiji Yoshimura
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Taro Kishi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Atake
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Asuka Katsuki
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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Takahashi H, Higuchi H, Sato K, Kamata M, Yoshida K, Nishimura K. Association between serotonin transporter polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR) and the MADRS Dysphoria, Retardation, and Vegetative Subscale scores in the treatment of depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:1463-1469. [PMID: 28652746 PMCID: PMC5473490 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s123708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between serotonin- or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-related gene polymorphisms and response to antidepressant treatment in a specific symptom cluster of major depression by using the three-factor model of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), ie, dysphoria (items of sadness, pessimistic thoughts, and suicidal thoughts), retardation (items of lassitude, inability to feel, apparent sadness, and concentration difficulties), and vegetative symptoms (items of reduced sleep, reduced appetite, and inner tension). METHODS This study was an open-label and nonrandomized trial. A total of 160 patients with baseline MADRS scores of ≥21, who were treated with fluvoxamine or milnacipran for 6 weeks, were included in the statistical analysis. Polymorphisms within a 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), a variable number of tandem repeats in the second intron of the 5-HTT gene (5-HTTVNTR), and 5HT2A receptor (1438G/A) were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS The 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms affected the MADRS score change in dysphoria, but not in retardation, vegetative, or total symptoms. Dysphoria scores significantly decreased in patients with the S/S genotype compared to those in patients with the short (S)/long (L) + L/L genotype. However, 5-HTTVNTR and 1438G/A polymorphisms were not significantly associated with the treatment response to any cluster of depressive symptoms. When a Bonferroni correction was made, however, our results did not reach the criteria for statistical significance. CONCLUSION The use of a single total depression rating scale may not be sufficient to accurately estimate the clinical response to antidepressants. Analyzing a subset of symptoms in psychological scales could be important when performing pharmacogenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku
| | | | | | | | - Keizo Yoshida
- Health Care Promotion Division, DENSO Corporation, Kariya-shi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Katsuji Nishimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku
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Hashimoto T, Shiina A, Hasegawa T, Kimura H, Oda Y, Niitsu T, Ishikawa M, Tachibana M, Muneoka K, Matsuki S, Nakazato M, Iyo M. Effect of mirtazapine versus selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on benzodiazepine use in patients with major depressive disorder: a pragmatic, multicenter, open-label, randomized, active-controlled, 24-week trial. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2016; 15:27. [PMID: 27777607 PMCID: PMC5070072 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-016-0115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate whether selecting mirtazapine as the first choice for current depressive episode instead of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) reduces benzodiazepine use in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). We concurrently examined the relationship between clinical responses and serum mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its precursor, proBDNF. METHODS We conducted an open-label randomized trial in routine psychiatric practice settings. Seventy-seven MDD outpatients were randomly assigned to the mirtazapine or predetermined SSRIs groups, and investigators arbitrarily selected sertraline or paroxetine. The primary outcome was the proportion of benzodiazepine users at weeks 6, 12, and 24 between the groups. We defined patients showing a ≥50 % reduction in Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) scores from baseline as responders. Blood samples were collected at baseline, weeks 6, 12, and 24. RESULTS Sixty-five patients prescribed benzodiazepines from prescription day 1 were analyzed for the primary outcome. The percentage of benzodiazepine users was significantly lower in the mirtazapine than in the SSRIs group at weeks 6, 12, and 24 (21.4 vs. 81.8 %; 11.1 vs. 85.7 %, both P < 0.001; and 12.5 vs. 81.8 %, P = 0.0011, respectively). No between-group difference was observed in HDRS score changes. Serum proBDNF levels were significantly decreased (χ2 = 8.5, df = 3, P = 0.036) and serum mature BDNF levels were temporarily significantly decreased (F = 3.5, df = 2.4, P = 0.027) in the responders of both groups at week 24. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated mirtazapine as the first-choice antidepressant for current depressive episodes may reduce benzodiazepine use in patients with MDD. Trial registration UMIN000004144. Registered 2nd September 2010. The date of enrolment of the first participant to the trial was 24th August 2010. This study was retrospectively registered 9 days after the first participant was enrolled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
- Sodegaura Satsukidai Hospital, 5-21 Nagauraekimae, Sodegaura-shi, 299-0246 Japan
| | - Akihiro Shiina
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-0856 Japan
- Kokoronokenko Tsudanuma Clinic, 2-13-13 Maebaranishi, Funabashi-shi, Chiba, 274-0825 Japan
| | - Tadashi Hasegawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-0856 Japan
- Kokoronokenko Tsudanuma Clinic, 2-13-13 Maebaranishi, Funabashi-shi, Chiba, 274-0825 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
- Kokoronokaze Funabashi Clinic, 1-26-2 Motomachi, Funabashi-shi, Chiba, 273-0005 Japan
| | - Yasunori Oda
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Tomihisa Niitsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
- Fujita Hospital, 3292-Ho Yokaichiba, Sosa-shi, Chiba, 289-2146 Japan
| | - Masatomo Ishikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Masumi Tachibana
- Fujita Hospital, 3292-Ho Yokaichiba, Sosa-shi, Chiba, 289-2146 Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Matsuki
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
- Kisarazu Hospital, 2-3-1 Iwane, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba, 292-0061 Japan
| | - Michiko Nakazato
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
- Kokoronokaze Funabashi Clinic, 1-26-2 Motomachi, Funabashi-shi, Chiba, 273-0005 Japan
| | - Masaomi Iyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
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Watanabe K, Miura I, Kanno-Nozaki K, Horikoshi S, Mashiko H, Niwa SI, Yabe H. Associations between five-factor model of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and plasma levels of monoamine metabolite in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2015; 230:419-23. [PMID: 26416588 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The five-factor model of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia symptoms is the most common multiple-factor model used in analyses; its use may improve evaluation of symptoms in schizophrenia patients. Plasma monoamine metabolite levels are possible indicators of clinical symptoms or response to antipsychotics in schizophrenia. We investigated the association between five-factor model components and plasma monoamine metabolites levels to explore the model's biological basis. Plasma levels of homovanillic acid (HVA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography in 65 Japanese patients with schizophrenia. Significant negative correlation between plasma 5-HIAA levels and the depression/anxiety component was found. Furthermore, significant positive correlation was found between plasma MHPG levels and the excitement component. Plasma HVA levels were not correlated with any five-factor model component. These results suggest that the five-factor model of the PANSS may have a biological basis, and may be useful for elucidating the psychopathology of schizophrenia. Assessment using the five-factor model may enable understanding of monoaminergic dysfunction, possibly allowing more appropriate medication selection. Further studies of a larger number of first-episode schizophrenia patients are needed to confirm and extend these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Itaru Miura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Keiko Kanno-Nozaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Sho Horikoshi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hirobumi Mashiko
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Niwa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University Aizu Medical Center, Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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Brunoni AR, Machado-Vieira R, Zarate CA, Vieira ELM, Vanderhasselt MA, Nitsche MA, Valiengo L, Benseñor IM, Lotufo PA, Gattaz WF, Teixeira AL. BDNF plasma levels after antidepressant treatment with sertraline and transcranial direct current stimulation: results from a factorial, randomized, sham-controlled trial. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:1144-51. [PMID: 24702987 PMCID: PMC4081041 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation intervention that modifies cortical excitability according to the stimulation parameters. Preclinical and clinical studies in healthy volunteers suggest that tDCS induces neuroplastic alterations of cortical excitability, which might explain its clinical effects in major depressive disorder (MDD). We therefore examined whether tDCS, as compared to the antidepressant sertraline, increases plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, a neurotrophin associated with neuroplasticity. Patients (n=73) with major depressive disorder were randomized to active/sham tDCS and sertraline/placebo (four groups) in this 6-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. We measured BDNF plasma levels at baseline and endpoint, observing no significant changes of BDNF levels after treatment. In addition, no significant changes were observed in responders and non-responders as well as no relationships between BDNF levels and clinical and psychopathological variables related to depression. Thus, in one of the few placebo-controlled trials evaluating BDNF changes over an antidepressant treatment course, we did not observe BDNF increase regardless of clinical improvement in depressed patients. Regarding tDCS, BDNF plasma levels might not be a good candidate biomarker to evaluate depression improvement or be a predictor of response in patients treated with tDCS, as our results showed that BDNF increase was not necessary to induce clinical response. Finally, our findings do not support a relationship between BDNF and improvement of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- André R Brunoni
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research & Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation (CINA), University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (SIN), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erica L M Vieira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Leandro Valiengo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research & Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation (CINA), University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (SIN), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela M Benseñor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research & Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation (CINA), University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research & Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation (CINA), University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wagner F Gattaz
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio L Teixeira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Fabbri C, Minarini A, Niitsu T, Serretti A. Understanding the pharmacogenetics of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:1093-118. [PMID: 24930681 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.928693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The genetic background of antidepressant response represents a unique opportunity to identify biological markers of treatment outcome. Encouraging results alternating with inconsistent findings made antidepressant pharmacogenetics a stimulating but often discouraging field that requires careful discussion about cumulative evidence and methodological issues. AREAS COVERED The present review discusses both known and less replicated genes that have been implicated in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) efficacy and side effects. Candidate genes studies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were collected through MEDLINE database search (articles published till January 2014). Further, GWAS signals localized in promising genetic regions according to candidate gene studies are reported in order to assess the general comparability of results obtained through these two types of pharmacogenetic studies. Finally, a pathway enrichment approach is applied to the top genes (those harboring SNPs with p < 0.0001) outlined by previous GWAS in order to identify possible molecular mechanisms involved in SSRI effect. EXPERT OPINION In order to improve the understanding of SSRI pharmacogenetics, the present review discusses the proposal of moving from the analysis of individual polymorphisms to genes and molecular pathways, and from the separation across different methodological approaches to their combination. Efforts in this direction are justified by the recent evidence of a favorable cost-utility of gene-guided antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fabbri
- University of Bologna, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences , Viale Carlo Pepoli 5, 40123 Bologna , Italy +39 051 6584233 ; +39 051 521030 ;
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The influence of 5-HTTLPR genotype on the association between the plasma concentration and therapeutic effect of paroxetine in patients with major depressive disorder. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98099. [PMID: 24858363 PMCID: PMC4032230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The efficacy of treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) can differ depending on the patient's serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype, and the effects of varying plasma concentrations of drugs can also vary. We investigated the association between the paroxetine plasma concentration and clinical response in patients with different 5-HTTLPR genotypes. METHODS Fifty-one patients were enrolled in this study. The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was used to evaluate patients at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. The patients' paroxetine plasma concentrations at week 6 were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Additionally, their 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms (alleles S and L) were analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction with specific primers. We divided the participants into two groups based on their L haplotype: the SS group and the SL and LL group. We performed single and multiple regression analyses to investigate the associations between MADRS improvement and paroxetine plasma concentrations or other covariates for each group. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to demographic or clinical data. In the SS group, the paroxetine plasma concentration was significantly negatively correlated with improvement in MADRS at week 6. In the SL and LL group, the paroxetine plasma concentration was significantly positively correlated with improvement in MADRS at week 6 according to the results of the single regression analysis; however, it was not significantly correlated with improvement in MADRS at week 6 according to the results of the multiple regression analysis. CONCLUSION Among patients with MDD who do not respond to paroxetine, a lower plasma concentration or a lower oral dose of paroxetine might be more effective in those with the SS genotype, and a higher plasma concentration might be more effective in those with the SL or LL genotype.
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Breitenstein B, Scheuer S, Holsboer F. Are there meaningful biomarkers of treatment response for depression? Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:539-61. [PMID: 24561326 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the past decades, the prevalence of affective disorders has been on the rise globally, with only one out of three patients achieving remission in acute treatment with antidepressants. The identification of physiological markers that predict treatment course proves useful in increasing therapeutic success. On the basis of well-documented, recent findings in depression research, we highlight and discuss the most promising biomarkers for antidepressant therapy response. These include genetic variants and gene expression profiles, proteomic and metabolomic markers, neuroendocrine function tests, electrophysiology and imaging techniques. Ultimately, this review proposes an integrative use of biomarkers for antidepressant treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Breitenstein
- HolsboerMaschmeyerNeuroChemie, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Florian Holsboer
- HolsboerMaschmeyerNeuroChemie, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
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Fabbri C, Porcelli S, Serretti A. From pharmacogenetics to pharmacogenomics: the way toward the personalization of antidepressant treatment. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2014; 59:62-75. [PMID: 24881125 PMCID: PMC4079233 DOI: 10.1177/070674371405900202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder is the most common psychiatric disorder, worldwide, yet response and remission rates are still unsatisfactory. The identification of genetic predictors of antidepressant (AD) response could provide a promising opportunity to improve current AD efficacy through the personalization of treatment. The major steps and findings along this path are reviewed together with their clinical implications and limitations. METHOD We systematically reviewed the literature through MEDLINE and Embase database searches, using any word combination of "antidepressant," "gene," "polymorphism," "pharmacogenetics," "genome-wide association study," "GWAS," "response," and "adverse drug reactions." Experimental works and reviews published until March 2012 were collected and compared. RESULTS Numerous genes pertaining to several functional systems were associated with AD response. The more robust findings were found for the following genes: solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 4; serotonin receptor 1A and 2A; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; and catechol-O-methyltransferase. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) provided many top markers, even if none of them reached genome-wide significance. CONCLUSIONS AD pharmacogenetics have not produced any knowledge applicable to routine clinical practice yet, as results were mainly inconsistent across studies. Despite this, the rising awareness about methodological deficits of past studies could allow for the identication of more suitable strategies, such as the integration of the GWAS approach with the candidate gene approach, and innovative methodologies, such as pathway analysis and study of depressive endophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fabbri
- Researcher, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Porcelli
- Researcher, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Professor, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Yoshimura R, Kishi T, Hori H, Katsuki A, Sugita-Ikenouchi A, Umene-Nakano W, Atake K, Iwata N, Nakamura J. Serum Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor at 4 Weeks and Response to Treatment with SSRIs. Psychiatry Investig 2014; 11:84-8. [PMID: 24605128 PMCID: PMC3942556 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2014.11.1.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is important to predict a response to an antidepressant in early time after starting the antidepressant. We previously reported that serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in responders to treatment with antidepressants were increased, whereas, those in nonresponders were not. Therefore, we hypothesized that the changes in serum levels of BDNF from baseline (T0) to 4 weeks (T4) after treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) predict the response to the treatment at 8 weeks (T8) in depressed patients. To confirm the hypothesis, we measured serum BDNF at T0, T4, and T8 during the treatment with SSRIs (paroxetine, sertraline, and fluvoxamine). METHODS One hundred fifty patients (M/F; 51/99, age; 50.4±15.1 years) met major depressive disorder (MDD) using by DSM-IV-TR enrolled in the present study. We measured serum BDNF concentrations at T0, T4, and T8 in patients with MDD treated with SSRIs. RESULTS The changes in serum BDNF, age, sex, dose of SSRIs, and HAMD-17 score did not predict the response to SSRIs at T8. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the changes in serum BDNF levels from T0 to T4 could not predict the subsequent responses to SSRIs at T8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiji Yoshimura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Taro Kishi
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York, USA
- Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hikaru Hori
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Asuka Katsuki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Atsuko Sugita-Ikenouchi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Wakako Umene-Nakano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Atake
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Jun Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Teche SP, Nuernberg GL, Sordi AO, de Souza LH, Remy L, Ceresér KMM, Rocha NS. Measurement methods of BDNF levels in major depression: a qualitative systematic review of clinical trials. Psychiatr Q 2013; 84:485-97. [PMID: 23564563 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-013-9261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has implications for the pathophysiology of major depressive disorders (MDD). Measures of BDNF levels are highly dependent on the methodologies used and these vary among different studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to carry out a descriptive analysis of the methodologies used to measure BDNF in clinical trials (CT) in patients with the diagnosis of major depression. We conducted a qualitative systematic review of CT that included samples of subjects diagnosed with major depression and evaluated the BDNF levels as an outcome. The search was performed on Pubmed, Scielo, Psychinfo and Lilacs. The selected articles were analyzed according to the CONSORT Statement and their methods of BDNF collection and analysis were described. Twenty-eight studies were included in the final analysis. Of those, 6 trials (21.4%) involved non-pharmacological interventions and only half had the MDD diagnosis based on structured interview. Trials used different methods to evaluate BDNF levels: most of them verified serum BDNF levels, 17 (60.7%) trials mentioned that measured BDNF levels in duplicate and 9 (32.1%) collected blood in fasting. A variety of methods for BDNF collection and analysis was used in the different studies, making it difficult to compare results. However, despite of the methodology, BDNF seems to increase after treatment for major depression.
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Altar CA, Hornberger J, Shewade A, Cruz V, Garrison J, Mrazek D. Clinical validity of cytochrome P450 metabolism and serotonin gene variants in psychiatric pharmacotherapy. Int Rev Psychiatry 2013; 25:509-33. [PMID: 24151799 DOI: 10.3109/09540261.2013.825579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Adverse events, response failures and medication non-compliance are common in patients receiving medications for the treatment of mental illnesses. A systematic literature review assessed whether pharmacokinetic (PK) or pharmacodynamic (PD) responses to 26 commonly prescribed antipsychotic and antidepressant medications, including efficacy or side effects, are associated with nucleotide polymorphisms in eight commonly studied genes in psychiatric pharmacotherapy: CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, HTR2C, HTR2A, and SLC6A4. Of the 294 publications included in this review, 168 (57%) showed significant associations between gene variants and PK or PD outcomes. Other studies that showed no association often had insufficient control for confounding variables, such as co-medication use, or analysis of medications not substrates of the target gene. The strongest gene-outcome associations were for the PK profiles of CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 (93% and 90%, respectively), for the PD associations between HTR2C and weight gain (57%), and for SLC6A4 and clinical response (54%), with stronger SLC6A4 response associations for specific drug classes (60-83%). The preponderance of evidence supports the validity of analyzing nucleotide polymorphisms in CYP and pharmacodynamic genes to predict the metabolism, safety, or therapeutic efficacy of psychotropic medications commonly used for the treatment of depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar illness.
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Crawford AA, Lewis G, Lewis SJ, Munafò MR. Systematic review and meta-analysis of serotonin transporter genotype and discontinuation from antidepressant treatment. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:1143-50. [PMID: 23265954 PMCID: PMC3791403 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that 5-HTTLPR is associated with response following treatment from selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The short (S) allele has reduced serotonin transporter expression, compared to the long (L) allele, and has been reported to be associated with poorer response in Europeans, with the effect in other populations unclear. However the published literature is inconsistent. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to investigate the effect of 5-HTTLPR on discontinuation from antidepressant treatment. Data were obtained from 17 studies including 4309 participants. The principal outcome measure was the allelic odds ratio (OR) for the 5-HTTLPR S allele and discontinuation status. A random effects meta-analysis provided no evidence that the S allele was associated with increased odds of discontinuation from SSRIs in Europeans (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.83-1.42, p=0.53; 10 studies, n=2504) but in East Asians there was evidence of a reduced odds of discontinuation (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.12-0.64, p=0.002; 2 studies, n=136). There was a suggestion of small study bias (p=0.05). This meta-analysis provides no evidence of an association between 5-HTTLPR and discontinuation from antidepressant treatment in Europeans. The low number of studies in East Asian samples using SSRIs reduces confidence in our evidence that the S allele decreases the odds of discontinuation in this population. At present, there is no evidence of an association between 5-HTTLPR and discontinuation from SSRI treatment in a European population with further studies required to investigate its effects in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Crawford
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.
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Fabbri C, Di Girolamo G, Serretti A. Pharmacogenetics of antidepressant drugs: an update after almost 20 years of research. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2013; 162B:487-520. [PMID: 23852853 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an emergent cause of personal and socio-economic burden, both for the high prevalence of the disorder and the unsatisfying response rate of the available antidepressant treatments. No reliable predictor of treatment efficacy and tolerance in the single patient is available, thus drug choice is based on a trial and error principle with poor clinical efficiency. Among modulators of treatment outcome, genetic polymorphisms are thought to explain a significant share of the inter-individual variability. The present review collected the main pharmacogenetic findings primarily about antidepressant response and secondly about antidepressant induced side effects, and discussed the main strengths and limits of both candidate and genome-wide association studies and the most promising methodological opportunities and challenges of the field. Despite clinical applications of antidepressant pharmacogenetics are not available yet, previous findings suggest that genotyping may be applied in the clinical practice. In order to reach this objective, further rigorous pharmacogenetic studies (adequate sample size, study of better defined clinical subtypes of MDD, adequate covering of the genetic variability), their combination with the results obtained through complementary methodologies (e.g., pathway analysis, epigenetics, transcriptomics, and proteomics), and finally cost-effectiveness trials are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fabbri
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Yoshimura R, Kishi T, Hori H, Ikenouchi-Sugita A, Katsuki A, Umene-Nakano W, Iwata N, Nakamura J. Comparison of the efficacy between paroxetine and sertraline augmented with aripiprazole in patients with refractory major depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 39:355-7. [PMID: 22813840 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Only two-thirds of depressive patients respond to antidepressant treatment. In recent years, addition of an atypical antipsychotic drug to ongoing treatment with an antidepressant has been considered effective and well-tolerated. In the present study, we compared the efficacy between paroxetine and sertraline augmented with aripiprazole in patients with refractory major depression. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty-four patients who met the DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder who did not at least two different classes of antidepressants were enrolled in the study. Nine were male and thirteen were female, and their ages ranged from 28 to 66 (mean±SD=39±12) years. Patients were prescribed paroxetine (n=11) or sertraline (n=13) for 4weeks. Then, those whose scores on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD17) decreased below 50% received adjunctive therapy of aripiprazole for 4weeks. RESULTS Although the use of either combination treatment decreased the HAMD17 scores compared to the respective monotherapy, there was no significant difference in HAMD17 scores between the paroxetine plus aripiprazole group and sertraline plus aripiprazole group. CONCLUSION Aripiprazole augmentation therapy with paroxetine or sertraline was equally effective and tolerated in patients with refractory major depressive order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiji Yoshimura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 8078555, Japan.
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Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism, or plasma catecholamine metabolites, and response to mirtazapine in Japanese patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). CNS Spectr 2012; 17:155-63. [PMID: 22883353 DOI: 10.1017/s109285291200051x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT We investigated an association between the polymorphism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene Val66Met and the response to mirtazapine in Japanese patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). We also examined mirtazapine's effects on the serum BDNF and plasma levels of catecholamine metabolites in these patients. METHODS Eighty-four patients who met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for MDD were treated with only mirtazapine for 4 weeks. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was detected by direct sequencing in the region, and serum BDNF levels and plasma levels of catecholamine metabolites were measured by ELISA and HPLC-ECD, respectively. RESULTS Mirtazapine treatment for 4 weeks significantly increased serum BDNF levels in the responders, whereas nonresponders showed significant decreases. No association was found between either of the two genotypes (Val/Val vs. Met-carriers) and the response to mirtazapine at T4 or the serum BDNF levels at T0. Mirtazapine did not alter the plasma levels of homovanillic acid (HVA) or 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG). Discussion The dynamics of serum BDNF levels, but not plasma levels of HVA and MHPG, reflect the response to mirtazapine treatment; the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in patients with depression is, however, associated with neither a particular response to mirtazapine treatment nor baseline serum BDNF levels. CONCLUSION Serum BDNF levels, but not plasma levels of HVA or MHPG, and BDNF Val66Met polymorphism are related to the mirtazapine response in MDD.
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Porcelli S, Fabbri C, Serretti A. Meta-analysis of serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) association with antidepressant efficacy. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2012; 22:239-58. [PMID: 22137564 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade the serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) was likely the most studied genetic variant as predictor of antidepressant response. Nevertheless results are not consistent across studies and previous meta-analysis, since various factors seem to modulate its effect on antidepressant response. With the aim of clarifying this issue, we systematically reviewed literature, selecting 33 studies for an exploratory analysis without any a priori hypothesis. Then we analyzed separately 19 studies performed on Caucasians and 11 on Asians. We tested two phenotypes--remission and response rates--and three genotype comparisons--ll versus ls/ss, ss versus ll/ls and ll versus ss - using the Cochrane review manager. Evaluations were performed separately for SSRIs and mixed/other drugs. Possible clinical modulators were investigated. In the exploratory analysis, we found an association between l allele and l/l genotype and remission. When the analysis was split for ethnic group, in Caucasians we found an association between l allele and both response (OR = 1.58, C.I. 1.16-2.16, p = 0.004), and remission (OR = 1.53, C.I. 1.14-2.04, p = 0.004) in the SSRI group. Only a marginal association between l allele and remission (OR = 1.41, C.I. 1.02-1.95, p = 0.04) survived pooling together mixed antidepressant treatments. In Asians, a small effect of 5-HTTLPR on remission for mixed antidepressants was detected (OR = 2.10, C.I. 1.15-3.84, p = 0.02). Gender, age and age at onset modulated the association in Caucasians. Gender, age and depression severity at baseline modulated the association in Asians. In conclusion, in Caucasians 5-HTTLPR may be a predictor of antidepressant response and remission, while in Asians it does not appear to play a major role.
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Wolkowitz OM, Wolf J, Shelly W, Rosser R, Burke H, Lerner GK, Reus VI, Nelson JC, Epel ES, Mellon SH. Serum BDNF levels before treatment predict SSRI response in depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:1623-30. [PMID: 21749907 PMCID: PMC3159044 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The "neurotrophin hypothesis" of depression posits a role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in depression, although it is unknown whether BDNF is more involved in the etiology of depression or in the mechanism of action of antidepressants. It is also unknown whether pre-treatment serum BDNF levels predict antidepressant response. METHODS Thirty un-medicated depressed subjects were treated with escitalopram (N=16) or sertraline (N=14) for 8 weeks. Twenty-five of the depressed subjects completed 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment and had analyzable data. Twenty-eight healthy controls were also studied. Serum for BDNF assay was obtained at baseline in all subjects and after 8 weeks of treatment in the depressed subjects. Depression ratings were obtained at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment in the depressed subjects. RESULTS Pre-treatment BDNF levels were lower in the depressed subjects than the controls (p=0.001) but were not significantly correlated with pre-treatment depression severity. Depression ratings improved with SSRI treatment (p<0.001), and BDNF levels increased with treatment (p=0.005). Changes in BDNF levels were not significantly correlated with changes in depression ratings. However, pre-treatment BDNF levels were directly correlated with antidepressant responses (p<0.01), and "Responders" to treatment (≥ 50% improvement in depression ratings) had higher pre-treatment BDNF levels than did "Non-responders" (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results confirm low serum BDNF levels in un-medicated depressed subjects and confirm antidepressant-induced increases in BDNF levels, but they suggest that antidepressants do not work simply by correcting BDNF insufficiency. Rather, these findings are consistent with a permissive or facilitatory role of BDNF in the mechanism of action of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen M. Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143,To Whom Correspondence Should be Sent: 401 Parnassus Avenue, Box F-0984, San Francisco, CA 94143-0984, USA, Tel: 1-(415) 476-7433, FAX: 1-(415) 502-2661,
| | - Jessica Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Wendy Shelly
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Rebecca Rosser
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Heather Burke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - George K. Lerner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Victor I. Reus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - J. Craig Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Synthia H. Mellon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
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Su N, Zhang L, Fei F, Hu H, Wang K, Hui H, Jiang XF, Li X, Zhen HN, Li J, Cao BP, Dang W, Qu Y, Zhou F. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor is associated with alcohol dependence-related depression and antidepressant response. Brain Res 2011; 1415:119-26. [PMID: 21880305 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an essential role in neuronal survival, proliferation, and synaptic remodeling and modulates the function of many other neurotransmitters. Additionally, it likely underlies neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, including alcohol dependence-related depression (AD-D). Here, we investigated the possible association between three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the BDNF gene (rs13306221, rs6265, rs16917204) and AD-D. Of 548 patients with alcohol dependence (AD), 166 had AD-D and 312 healthy controls. Response to 8-week sertraline treatment was also assessed. The frequency of the A allele of rs6265 (Val66Met) was significantly higher in AD-D patients than in the healthy controls (p=0.009 after Bonferroni correction). The analysis revealed a strong association between the rs6265 genotype distribution and AD-D (p=0.005 after Bonferroni correction), and the A allele of rs6265 was significantly overrepresented in AD-D patients compared to AD without depression (AD-nD) patients (p=0.001 after Bonferroni correction). Additionally, carriers of the A allele of rs6265 responded better to sertraline treatment (p=0.001). Our results suggested a novel association between BDNF rs6265 and AD-D. These findings might lead to earlier detection of AD-D, perhaps providing better tools for clinical care of these patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xi Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, PR China.
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Okuno K, Yoshimura R, Ueda N, Ikenouchi-Sugita A, Umene-Nakano W, Hori H, Hayashi K, Katsuki A, Chen HI, Nakamura J. Relationships between stress, social adaptation, personality traits, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol plasma concentrations in employees at a publishing company in Japan. Psychiatry Res 2011; 186:326-32. [PMID: 20832122 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), a major metabolite of noradrenaline, are related to depression-associated personality traits as well as to depressive, suicidal and anxious states. Psychological job stress is well known to lead to symptoms of depression, anxiety and suicide. We have recently reported that psychological job stress among hospital employees altered blood levels of BDNF and MHPG (Mitoma et al., 2008). In the present study, we re-examined the effects of social adaptation and personality traits, as well as those of psychological job stress, on plasma levels of BDNF and MHPG in healthy employees (n=269, male/female=210/59, age=49 ± 10years) working in a publishing company in Japan. The values (mean ± SD) of scores on the Stress and Arousal Check Lists (s-SACL and a-SACL), Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale (SASS), plasma MHPG levels and plasma BDNF levels were 6.0 ± 3.4, 5.7 ± 2.3, 33.7 ± 6.8, 5.8 ± 4.3 and 4.6 ± 3.1ngml(-1), respectively. A positive correlation was found between plasma MHPG levels and scores on the s-SACL, but not the a-SACL. A positive correlation was also found between SASS scores and plasma MHPG levels and between SASS scores and plasma BDNF levels. A negative correlation was found between plasma BDNF levels and s-SACL scores. Furthermore, a positive correlation between NEO-Five factor Inventory (Openness) scores and plasma MHPG levels was observed, as well as between NEO-Five factor Inventory (Extroversion) scores and plasma BDNF levels. These results suggest that levels of plasma BDNF and plasma MHPG might be associated with psychological job stress and certain personality traits among employees in the publishing industry in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Okuno
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
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