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Singh A, Verma N, Kant S, Verma AK, Tripathi A, Bhardwaj K. Impact of Flaxseed Oil Supplementation on Tobacco Dependence, Craving, and Haematological Parameters in Tobacco-Dependent Subjects. Cureus 2024; 16:e57101. [PMID: 38681370 PMCID: PMC11054311 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco is prevalently used in smoking or smokeless forms and remains a major public health concern worldwide, with its adverse effects on overall health. Omega-3 fatty acid (FA) has shown its promising effects in various health conditions. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of flaxseed oil (omega-3 supplementation) on tobacco dependence, craving, withdrawal symptoms, and haematological parameters in tobacco users. Methods In this randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled study, 104 tobacco users (54 in the omega-3 group and 50 in the placebo group) were supplemented with 10 ml of food-grade flaxseed oil and 10 ml of placebo for six months, respectively. Their demographics, frequency of daily tobacco use, tobacco dependence, tobacco craving, tobacco withdrawal symptoms, and complete blood count (CBC) were assessed at baseline (before intervention) and after a six-month intervention. Results The demographic characteristics of the two groups were similar except for gender at baseline. There were 50 males and four females in the omega-3 group, while there were 42 males and eight females in the placebo group. After a six-month flaxseed oil intervention, BMI values showed a significant reduction (p = 0.0081) in the omega-3 group when compared to baseline; however, CBC parameters did not show any significant changes when comparing baseline to follow-up values. On the contrary, haemoglobin and red blood cells (RBCs) showed significant changes when comparing the follow-ups of the omega-3 group with the placebo group, indicating p = 0.0016 and p = 0.0163, respectively. Also, omega-3 effectively decreased daily tobacco use frequency (p<0.0001), tobacco dependence (p<0.0001), and craving (p<0.0001). Conclusion Supplementation of 10 ml of flaxseed oil per day (omega-3 FA) for six months significantly reduced tobacco dependence and cravings. Additionally, the flaxseed oil supplementation effectively reduced the frequency of daily tobacco intake and modulated tobacco withdrawal symptoms. Thus, our results suggest that flaxseed oil supplementation is a useful adjunct for tobacco users who intend to quit tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Singh
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Narsingh Verma
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Surya Kant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Ajay K Verma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Adarsh Tripathi
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Kshitij Bhardwaj
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
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Ahmadi-Soleimani SM, Amiry GY, Khordad E, Masoudi M, Beheshti F. Omega-3 fatty acids prevent nicotine withdrawal-induced impairment of learning and memory via affecting oxidative status, inflammatory response, cholinergic activity, BDNF and amyloid-B in rat hippocampal tissues. Life Sci 2023; 332:122100. [PMID: 37722588 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the main objective was to reveal whether treatment by Omega-3 fatty acids could prevent the adverse effects of adolescent nicotine withdrawal on spatial and avoidance memory in male rats. For this purpose, Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were performed on male Wistar rats and the hippocampal levels of oxidative stress markers, inflammatory indices, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nitrite, amyloid-B and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were measured. Moreover, density of dark neurons were assessed in CA1 and CA3 regions. Results showed that adolescent nicotine exposure followed by a period of drug cessation exacerbates the behavioral indices of learning and memory through affecting a variety of biochemical markers within the hippocampal tissues. These changes lead to elevation of oxidative and inflammatory markers, reduction of neurotrophic capacity and increased AChE activity in hippocampal tissues. In addition, it was observed that co-administration of nicotine with Omega-3 fatty acids significantly prevents nicotine withdrawal-induced adverse effects through restoration of the mentioned biochemical disturbances. Therefore, we suggest administration of Omega-3 fatty acids as a safe, inexpensive and effective therapeutic strategy for prevention of memory dysfunctions associated with nicotine abstinence during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mohammad Ahmadi-Soleimani
- Departments of Physiology, School of Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Ghulam Yahya Amiry
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Elnaz Khordad
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Maha Masoudi
- Vice Chancellery of Education and Research, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Departments of Physiology, School of Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
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Omega-3 fatty acids prevent nicotine withdrawal-induced exacerbation of anxiety and depression by affecting oxidative stress balance, inflammatory response, BDNF and serotonin metabolism in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 947:175634. [PMID: 36868293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents are known to be more vulnerable than adults to the adverse effects of nicotine dependence. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether adolescent nicotine exposure, followed by a period of abstinence, could affect the anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in rats. For this purpose, behavioral assessments were carried out using open field test, elevated plus maze and forced swimming test in male rats received chronic nicotine intake during adolescence followed by a period of abstinence in adulthood, compared to their control counterparts. In addition, O3 pre-treatment was done at three different doses to reveal whether it could prevent nicotine withdrawal effects. Then, animals were euthanized and the cortical concentrations of oxidative stress markers, inflammatory indices, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, serotonin and the enzymatic activity of monoamine oxidase-A were measured. Results indicated that nicotine withdrawal exacerbates the behavioral signs of anxiety through alteration of the brain oxidative stress balance, inflammatory response and serotonin metabolism. Moreover, we found that omega 3 pre-treatment significantly prevents the nicotine withdrawal-induced complications by restoration of changes in the mentioned biochemical indices. Moreover, the improving effects of O3 fatty acids were found to be dose-dependent in all experiments. Taken together, we would like to suggest the O3 fatty acids supplementation as a safe, inexpensive and effective strategy for prevention or amelioration of detrimental effects induced by nicotine withdrawal at cellular and behavioral levels.
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Gao X, Zhang M, Yang Z, Niu X, Zhou B, Chen J, Wang W, Wei Y, Han S, Cheng J, Zhang Y. Nicotine addiction and overweight affect intrinsic neural activity and neurotransmitter activity: A fMRI study of interaction effects. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 77:178-185. [PMID: 36468828 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine addiction and overweight often co-exist, but the neurobiological mechanism of their co-morbidity remains to be clarified. In this study, we explore how nicotine addiction and overweight affect intrinsic neural activity and neurotransmitter activity. METHODS This study included 54 overweight people and 54 age-, sex-, and handedness-matched normal-weight individuals, who were further divided into four groups based on nicotine addiction. We used a two-way factorial design to compare intrinsic neural activity (calculated by the fALFF method) in four groups based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance images (rs-fMRI). Furthermore, the correlation between fALFF values and PET- and SPECT-derived maps to examine specific neurotransmitter system changes underlying nicotine addiction and overweight. RESULTS Nicotine addiction and overweight affect intrinsic neural activity by themselves. In combination, they showed antagonistic effects in the interactive brain regions (left insula and right precuneus). Cross-modal correlations displayed that intrinsic neural activity changes in the interactive brain regions were related to the noradrenaline system (NAT). CONCLUSION Due to the existence of interaction, nicotine partially restored the changes of spontaneous activity in the interactive brain regions of overweight people. Therefore, when studying one factor alone, the other should be used as a control variable. Besides, this work links the noradrenaline system with intrinsic neural activity in overweight nicotine addicts. By examining the interactions between nicotine addiction and overweight from neuroimaging and molecular perspectives, this study provides some ideas for the treatment of both co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Gao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research medicine of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research medicine of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Zhengui Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research medicine of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research medicine of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Bingqian Zhou
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research medicine of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Jingli Chen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research medicine of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research medicine of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research medicine of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research medicine of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research medicine of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research medicine of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application of Henan Province, Henan, China
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Lorensia A, Suryadinata RV. Profil of omega-3 food intake and its association with socioeconomic status in smoker on online motorcycle drivers. HEALTHCARE IN LOW-RESOURCE SETTINGS 2023. [DOI: 10.4081/hls.2023.11164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Omega-3 fatty acids were found to be effective in reducing inflammation and free radicals caused by air pollution (cigarette smoke), as well as improving lung function. Furthermore, economic conditions can influence a person's food consumption habits. The type of food consumed will certainly affect the amount of omega-3 absorbed by the body, and the quality of food consumed is influenced by socioeconomic status (SES). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine omega-3 intake and its relationship with the socioeconomic status of online motorcycle drivers.
Design and Methods: This was an observational study with a cross-sectional method of measuring omega-3 consumption using a 24-hour food recall questionnaire and assessing the mean of omega-3 intake after 3 days. The was conducted from May-August 2020, in Kali Rungkut, Surabaya City, and the subjects were online motorcycle drivers. A Chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between omega-3 intake and SES (income and education).
Results: There were 49 respondents in this study with most of them having a classification of omega-3 intake at the deficit level (57.14%), and none belonging to the good and more level. There was a significant difference in omega-3 intake on income (p=0.000) and education (p=0.000).
Conclusions: Income and education must be prioritized to improve a healthy diet that includes omega-3.
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Murff HJ, Greevy RA, Sternlieb S, Gilliam K, King S, Sanghani R, Tindle HA. The Fish Oil to Reduce Tobacco Use iN Expectant mothers (FORTUNE) feasibility trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2022; 4:100707. [PMID: 35948268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three small clinical trials have suggested that supplementation with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) found in fish oils may reduce nicotine cravings and at higher doses reduce cigarette consumption. Pregnant women who smoke have fewer pharmacologic options to aid them with smoking cessation. Although n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation has been studied in pregnancy, few studies have evaluated doses of ≥4 g per day, and no previous studies have selectively enrolled pregnant women who smoke. High-dose n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids may aid cessation but could be poorly tolerated in pregnant women who smoke because of gastrointestinal side effects. OBJECTIVE We conducted a feasibility trial to determine the tolerability of high-dose n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in pregnant women who smoked. We hypothesized that n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid doses of 4.2 g a day would be well-tolerated relative to an olive oil placebo. We assessed red blood cell phospholipid membrane concentrations at baseline and end of therapy (4 weeks) and piloted outcomes for a future efficacy trial of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for smoking cessation in pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN We recruited 28 pregnant women between the gestational ages of 6 and 36 weeks who reported daily cigarette smoking and were motivated to quit to participate in a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized feasibility trial of 4.2 g per day of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation. Participants reported cigarettes per day, completed the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence, and provided blood, urine, and exhaled CO samples. We used repeated-measures analysis of variance to pilot analyses of changes in cigarettes per day and Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence scores. RESULTS At baseline, red blood cell membrane eicosapentaenoic acid concentrations were negatively correlated with cigarettes per day (r=-0.44; P=.04). By 4 weeks, circulating n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid levels increased by 18% in the n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation arm vs a decrease of 3% in the placebo arm. Occurrence of gastrointestinal side effects such as burping, heartburn, diarrhea, abdominal pain, or nausea did not differ statistically between study arms. At 4 weeks, participants allocated to the n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids arm reported a median of 3 cigarettes per day (interquartile range, 1-8) vs 7 cigarettes per day (interquartile range, 1-14) in the placebo arm, which was not statistically significant (P=.99). Participants allocated to the n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids arm had a decrease of 1 (interquartile range, 0-1) on the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence score vs 0 (interquartile range, 0-0) for placebo (P=.46). CONCLUSION High-dose n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids may be tolerated in pregnant women who smoke; however, there was a high level of participant dropout, with more participants allocated to the fish oil arm becoming lost to follow-up. These results will inform the design of a future large-scale randomized controlled trial to test the impact of fish oil supplements on smoking cessation in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey J Murff
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (Drs Murff and Sternlieb, Ms Gilliam, Mr King, and Dr Tindle); Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Centers, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN (Drs Murff and Tindle); Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (Drs Murff and Tindle).
| | - Robert A Greevy
- Departments of Biostatistics (Dr Greevy), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Sarah Sternlieb
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (Drs Murff and Sternlieb, Ms Gilliam, Mr King, and Dr Tindle)
| | - Karen Gilliam
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (Drs Murff and Sternlieb, Ms Gilliam, Mr King, and Dr Tindle)
| | - Stephen King
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (Drs Murff and Sternlieb, Ms Gilliam, Mr King, and Dr Tindle)
| | - Reesha Sanghani
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dr Sanghani), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Hilary A Tindle
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (Drs Murff and Sternlieb, Ms Gilliam, Mr King, and Dr Tindle); Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Centers, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN (Drs Murff and Tindle); Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (Drs Murff and Tindle)
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7
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Gao X, Zhang M, Yang Z, Niu X, Chen J, Zhou B, Wang W, Wei Y, Cheng J, Han S, Zhang Y. Explore the effects of overweight and smoking on spontaneous brain activity: Independent and reverse. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:944768. [PMCID: PMC9597461 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.944768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggested that overweight and smoking often co-exist. However, current neuroimaging researches have almost always studied smoking or overweight status separately. Here we sought to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms of this comorbid association, by detecting spontaneous brain activity changes associated with smoking and weight status separately and collectively. We used 2 × 2 factorial design and included the following four groups: overweight/normal-weight smokers (n = 34/n = 30) and overweight/normal-weight non-smokers (n = 22/n = 24). The spontaneous brain activity among the four groups was comparable using an amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) method based on resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI). Furthermore, correlation analyses between brain activity changes, smoking severity and BMI values were performed. A main effect of smoking was discovered in the default mode network (DMN) and visual network related brain regions. Moreover, overweight people had high ALFF value in the brain regions associated with reward and executive control. More importantly, smoking and overweight both affected brain activity of the middle temporal gyrus (MTG), but the effect was opposite. And the brain activity of MTG was negatively correlated with smoking years, pack year and BMI value. These results suggest that smoking and overweight not only affect spontaneous brain activity alone, but also paradoxically affect spontaneous brain activity in the MTG. This suggests that we need to control for weight as a variable when studying spontaneous brain activity in smokers. Besides, this interaction may provide a neurological explanation for the comorbidity of overweight and smoking and a target for the treatment of comorbid populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Gao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengui Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingli Chen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingqian Zhou
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Jingliang Cheng,
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Shaoqiang Han,
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Zhang,
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8
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Zhao M, Fan K, Wang J, Wang J, Xu Q, Wei D, Chen Y, Zhou L, Mao Z, Chen T. Lipidomic analysis reveals the effect of passive smoking on facial skin surface lipid in females. Chem Phys Lipids 2022; 247:105228. [PMID: 35940249 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2022.105228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking has toxic effects on the skin and can damage it. However, few studies have focused on the lipid profile changes of facial skin surface lipids (SSL) by passive smoking. METHOD A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on middle-aged females volunteered from Henan, China to participate in the study. A total of 20 passive smoking females and 20 non-passive smoking females were recruited for this study. The components of skin surface lipids were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). Multivariate data analysis and enrichment analysis were used to investigate the differences in facial SSL between passive and non-passive smoking females. RESULT There were 1247 lipid entities identified in facial SSL between passive and non-passive smoking females. Significant differences in composition of facial SSL were observed between the two groups. After multivariate data analysis suggested, 28 significantly different lipids were identified and classified into four classes in SSL of the female cheeks. As well as 32 significantly different lipids were obtained in SSL of the female foreheads, which included three classes of lipids. Subsequent analysis revealed that the content of fatty acids (FA) in passive smoking females was significantly reduced and the content of glycerolipids (GL) and sphingolipids (SP) increased, compared with the control group. CONCLUSION These results indicated that an increase in GLs and SPs of facial lipids and a decrease in FAs in passive smoking females. These changes in lipids might be associated with oxidative stress and interference with signaling pathways by substances in smoke. And passive smoking affected facial SSL and changed the content and metabolism of skin lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Zhao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Keliang Fan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Dandan Wei
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Research Center of Yuze skin health, Shanghai Jahwa, Shanghai 200082, PR China
| | - Lihong Zhou
- Division of Public Health Service and Safety Assessment, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, PR China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Shanghai 200336, PR China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
| | - Tian Chen
- Division of Public Health Service and Safety Assessment, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, PR China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Shanghai 200336, PR China.
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9
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Pauluci R, Noto AR, Curado DF, Siqueira-Campos M, Bezerra AG, Galduróz JCF. Omega-3 for the Prevention of Alcohol Use Disorder Relapse: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:826448. [PMID: 35463514 PMCID: PMC9026182 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.826448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have sought to identify the possible benefits of the intake of omega-3, an important component of neuronal membranes, for the treatment of alcohol use disorder. AIM The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether omega-3 supplementation is protective against alcohol use disorder relapse after hospital discharge. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out with severe alcohol dependence. Male inpatients were randomized to treatment with omega-3 (n = 59) or placebo (n = 52) for 3 months, participants were assessed after discharge at 1 month (T1), 2 months (T2), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T4) with assessments made using self-report instruments. The primary outcomes were the possible reduction with assessments made using self-report instruments. The primary outcomes were the possible reduction in the number, intensity of relapses, amount of consumption in each relapse and number of days of consumption during relapses; as secondary outcomes were assessed symptoms of anxiety, depression, degree of dependence, compulsion, and craving. RESULTS The groups were similar regarding consumption amount parameters and propensity to relapse; however, an effect of treatment with omega-3 was found on the number of days of drinking at 2 months [B = 0.65 (0.09; 1, 21), p = 0.01] and 3 months [B = 2.6 (1.61; 3.58), p < 0.001] after discharge, favoring the intervention group. The effect was not maintained at follow up of 6 months. No differences were found in psychiatric symptoms and severity of addiction. CONCLUSION Despite the major limitations of the present study, the group that received omega-3 had a lower number of days of consumption of standard doses of alcohol in the evaluations of 60 and 90 days after discharge. More robust studies are needed to confirm or refute these findings. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: n° RBR-48mkgz7 (URL: https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-48mkgz7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Pauluci
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Regina Noto
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Wen M, Yang Z, Wei Y, Huang H, Zheng R, Wang W, Gao X, Zhang M, Fang K, Zhang Y, Cheng J, Han S. More than just statics: Temporal dynamic changes of intrinsic brain activity in cigarette smoking. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13050. [PMID: 34085358 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is companied with altered intrinsic activity of the brain measured by amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation. Evidence has revealed that human brain activity is a highly dynamic and rapidly changing system. How exactly cigarette smoking affect temporal dynamic intrinsic brain activity is not fully understood nor is it clear how smoking severity influences spontaneous brain activity. Dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dALFF) was used to examine the dynamic temporal variability in 93 participants (63 smokers, 30 nonsmokers). We further divided smokers into light and heavy smokers. The temporal variability in intrinsic brain activity among these groups was compared. Correlation analyses were performed between dALFF in areas showing group differences and smoking behaviour (e.g., the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence [FTND] scores and pack-years). Smokers showed significantly increased dALFF in the left inferior/middle frontal gyrus, right orbitofrontal gyrus, right insula, left superior/medial frontal gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus than nonsmokers. Light smokers showed increased dALFF variability in the left prefrontal cortex. Heavy smokers showed increased dynamics in specific brain regions, including the right postcentral gyrus, right insula and left precentral gyrus. Furthermore, the temporal variability in dALFF in the left superior/medial frontal gyrus, left superior/middle frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus and right insula was positively correlated with pack-years or FTND. Combined, these results suggest that smokers increase stable and persistent spontaneous brain activity in prefrontal cortex, involved impaired gold-directed action and value-based decision-making. In addition, individuals with heavier smoking severity show increased perturbance on spontaneous brain activity of perception and sensorimotor, related to increased reliance.
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11
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Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is likely the most common preventable cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Consequently, inexpensive interventional strategies for preventing CS-related diseases would positively impact health systems. Inhaled CS is a powerful inflammatory stimulus and produces a shift in the normal balance between antioxidants and oxidants, inducing oxidative stress in both the respiratory system and throughout the body. This enduring and systemic pro-oxidative state within the body is reflected by increased levels of oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers seen in smokers. Smokers might benefit from consuming antioxidant supplements, or a diet rich in fruit and vegetables, which can reduce the CS-related oxidative stress. This review provides an overview of the plasma profile of antioxidants observable in smokers and examines the heterogeneous literature to elucidate and discuss the effectiveness of interventional strategies based on antioxidant supplements or an antioxidant-rich diet to improve the health of smokers. An antioxidant-rich diet can provide an easy-to-implement and cost-effective preventative strategy to reduce the risk of CS-related diseases, thus being one of the simplest ways for smokers to stay in good health for as long as possible. The health benefits attributable to the intake of antioxidants have been observed predominantly when these have been consumed within their natural food matrices in an optimal antioxidant-rich diet, while these preventive effects are rarely achieved with the intake of individual antioxidants, even at high doses.
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12
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Cammisotto V, Nocella C, Bartimoccia S, Sanguigni V, Francomano D, Sciarretta S, Pastori D, Peruzzi M, Cavarretta E, D’Amico A, Castellani V, Frati G, Carnevale R, Group SM. The Role of Antioxidants Supplementation in Clinical Practice: Focus on Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:146. [PMID: 33498338 PMCID: PMC7909411 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress may be defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant system to counteract or detoxify these potentially damaging molecules. This phenomenon is a common feature of many human disorders, such as cardiovascular disease. Many of the risk factors, including smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and obesity, are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, involving an elevated oxidative stress burden (either due to enhanced ROS production or decreased antioxidant protection). There are many therapeutic options to treat oxidative stress-associated cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have focused on the utility of antioxidant supplementation. However, whether antioxidant supplementation has any preventive and/or therapeutic value in cardiovascular pathology is still a matter of debate. In this review, we provide a detailed description of oxidative stress biomarkers in several cardiovascular risk factors. We also discuss the clinical implications of the supplementation with several classes of antioxidants, and their potential role for protecting against cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialty Paride Stefanini, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (D.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (D.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Valerio Sanguigni
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Madonna delle Grazie Hospital, Velletri, 00049 Rome, Italy; (V.S.); (D.F.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Francomano
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Madonna delle Grazie Hospital, Velletri, 00049 Rome, Italy; (V.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.)
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (D.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.)
- Mediterranea, Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.)
- Mediterranea, Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra D’Amico
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valentina Castellani
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (D.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.)
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.)
- Mediterranea, Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - SMiLe Group
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy;
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13
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Darcey VL, Serafine KM. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Vulnerability to Addiction: Reviewing Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2385-2401. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200429094158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 (N3) fatty acids are dietary nutrients that are essential for human health. Arguably, one of their most critical contributions to health is their involvement in the structure and function of the nervous system. N3 fatty acids accumulate in neuronal membranes through young adulthood, becoming particularly enriched in a brain region known to be the locus of cognitive control of behavior-the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The PFC undergoes a surge in development during adolescence, coinciding with a life stage when dietary quality and intake of N3 fatty acids tend to be suboptimal. Such low intake may impact neurodevelopment and normative development of cognitive functions suggested to be protective for the risk of subsequent substance and alcohol use disorders (UD). While multiple genetic and environmental factors contribute to risk for and resilience to substance and alcohol use disorders, mounting evidence suggests that dietary patterns early in life may also modulate cognitive and behavioral factors thought to elevate UD risk (e.g., impulsivity and reward sensitivity). This review aims to summarize the literature on dietary N3 fatty acids during childhood and adolescence and risk of executive/ cognitive or behavioral dysfunction, which may contribute to the risk of subsequent UD. We begin with a review of the effects of N3 fatty acids in the brain at the molecular to cellular levels–providing the biochemical mechanisms ostensibly supporting observed beneficial effects. We continue with a review of cognitive, behavioral and neurodevelopmental features thought to predict early substance and alcohol use in humans. This is followed by a review of the preclinical literature, largely demonstrating that dietary manipulation of N3 fatty acids contributes to behavioral changes that impact drug sensitivity. Finally, a review of the available evidence in human literature, suggesting an association between dietary N3 fatty and neurodevelopmental profiles associated with risk of adverse outcomes including UD. We conclude with a brief summary and call to action for additional research to extend the current understanding of the impact of dietary N3 fatty acids and the risk of drug and alcohol UD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie L. Darcey
- Georgetown University, Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Washington DC, United States
| | - Katherine M. Serafine
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
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14
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Heshmati J, Morvaridzadeh M, Maroufizadeh S, Akbari A, Yavari M, Amirinejad A, Maleki-Hajiagha A, Sepidarkish M. Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation and oxidative stress parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Pharmacol Res 2019; 149:104462. [PMID: 31563611 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FAs) supplementation effects on oxidants and antioxidants are always controversial. Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the major mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the finding of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) examining the effects of omega-3 FAs on OS markers. Five databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of science, and Cochrane were searched up to May 5th, 2019 with no language restriction. RCTs included if they compared OS indices among subjects who received omega-3 FAs supplements and subjects who supplemented with placebo. To estimate the effects of omega-3 FAs supplementation, standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were pooled using random effects model. Of 5,887 publications, 39 trials involving 2,875 participants were included for the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis of data indicated that omega-3 FAs significantly increased serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (SMD: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.72, P< 0.001; I2= 60%), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (SMD: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.30, 1.16, P= 0.001; I2= 83%) activity and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) (SMD= -0.42, 95% CI: -0.62, -0.21; P < 0.001; I2= 74%) compared to the placebo group. However, the effects of omega-3 FAs on nitric oxide (NO) (SMD: -0.17 , 95% CI: -0.77, 0.43, P = 0.57; I2= 91%), reduced glutathione (GSH) (SMD= 0.23, 95% CI= -0.17, 0.64, P= 0.25; I2= 75%), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (0.12 , 95% CI: -0.40, 0.65, P= 0.64; I2= 89%) and catalase (CAT) (0.16, 95% CI: -0.33, 0.65, P= 0.52; I2= 75%,) activities was not significant. Supplementation with omega-3 FAs significantly improves MDA, TAC levels, and GPx activity. Thus, omega-3 FAs can be mentioned as enhancer factors in antioxidant defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Heshmati
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saman Maroufizadeh
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Yavari
- Department of Nutritional Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ali Amirinejad
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Maleki-Hajiagha
- Research Development Center, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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