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Yang JC, Chen SP, Wang YF, Chang CH, Chang KH, Fuh JL, Chow LH, Han CL, Chen YJ, Wang SJ. Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteome Map Reveals Molecular Signatures of Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100794. [PMID: 38839039 PMCID: PMC11263949 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a complex neurovascular disorder characterized by repetitive thunderclap headaches and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction. The pathophysiological mechanism of this mysterious syndrome remains underexplored and there is no clinically available molecular biomarker. To provide insight into the pathogenesis of RCVS, this study reported the first landscape of dysregulated proteome of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with RCVS (n = 21) compared to the age- and sex-matched controls (n = 20) using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. Protein-protein interaction and functional enrichment analysis were employed to construct functional protein networks using the RCVS proteome. An RCVS-CSF proteome library resource of 1054 proteins was established, which illuminated large groups of upregulated proteins enriched in the brain and blood-brain barrier (BBB). Personalized RCVS-CSF proteomic profiles from 17 RCVS patients and 20 controls reveal proteomic changes involving the complement system, adhesion molecules, and extracellular matrix, which may contribute to the disruption of BBB and dysregulation of neurovascular units. Moreover, an additional validation cohort validated a panel of biomarker candidates and a two-protein signature predicted by machine learning model to discriminate RCVS patients from controls with an area under the curve of 0.997. This study reveals the first RCVS proteome and a potential pathogenetic mechanism of BBB and neurovascular unit dysfunction. It also nominates potential biomarker candidates that are mechanistically plausible for RCVS, which may offer potential diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities beyond the clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Ci Yang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Translational Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Hua Chang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hao Chang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Naitonal Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Ling Fuh
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lok-Hi Chow
- College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Han
- Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shuu-Jiun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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2
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Ghosh A, Majie A, Karmakar V, Chatterjee K, Chakraborty S, Pandey M, Jain N, Roy Sarkar S, Nair AB, Gorain B. In-depth Mechanism, Challenges, and Opportunities of Delivering Therapeutics in Brain Using Intranasal Route. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:96. [PMID: 38710855 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system-related disorders have become a continuing threat to human life and the current statistic indicates an increasing trend of such disorders worldwide. The primary therapeutic challenge, despite the availability of therapies for these disorders, is to sustain the drug's effective concentration in the brain while limiting its accumulation in non-targeted areas. This is attributed to the presence of the blood-brain barrier and first-pass metabolism which limits the transportation of drugs to the brain irrespective of popular and conventional routes of drug administration. Therefore, there is a demand to practice alternative routes for predictable drug delivery using advanced drug delivery carriers to overcome the said obstacles. Recent research attracted attention to intranasal-to-brain drug delivery for promising targeting therapeutics in the brain. This review emphasizes the mechanisms to deliver therapeutics via different pathways for nose-to-brain drug delivery with recent advancements in delivery and formulation aspects. Concurrently, for the benefit of future studies, the difficulties in administering medications by intranasal pathway have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Ankit Majie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Varnita Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Kaberi Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Swarup Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, India
| | - Neha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, U.P., India
| | - Suparna Roy Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India.
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He Y, Yang J, Hu F, Liao M, Nie Y, Zhu X, Zhang T, Song K, Li Q, Li X, Mei C, Wu Z, Lu Q, Zhong Z. A new method for preparing a rat intracerebral hemorrhage model by combining focused ultrasound and microbubbles. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:103-110. [PMID: 36647712 PMCID: PMC10158945 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to prepare a non-invasive, reproducible, and controllable rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage with focused ultrasound (FUS). METHODS A rat intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model was established by combining FUS and microbubbles (μBs), and edaravone was used to verify whether the free radical scavenger had a protective effect on the model. The brain tissue of each group was sectioned to observe the gross histology, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, cerebral infarction volume, and histopathological changes. RESULTS Compared with the FUS group, the BBB permeability was significantly increased in the FUS + μBs (F&B) group (p = 0.0021). The second coronal slice in the F&B group had an obvious hemorrhage lesion, and the FUS + μBs + edaravone (F&B&E) group had smaller hemorrhage areas; however, ICH did not occur in the FUS group. The cerebral infarction volume in the F&B group was significantly larger than that in the FUS group (p = 0.0030) and F&B&E group (p = 0.0208). HE staining results showed that nerve fibrinolysis, neuronal necrosis, microglia production, and erythrocytes were found in both the F&B group and the F&B&E group, but the areas of the nerve fibrinolysis and neuronal necrosis in the F&B group were larger than the F&B&E group. CONCLUSIONS A rat ICH model was successfully prepared using the μBs assisted FUS treatment, and edaravone had a therapeutic effect on this model. This model can be used to study the pathophysiological mechanism of ICH-related diseases and in preclinical research on related new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao He
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengying Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Liao
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuru Nie
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Keer Song
- Franklin College of Arts and Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Qinxi Li
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenghan Mei
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Zhong
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Shi Z, Luo K, Deol S, Tan S. A systematic review of noninflammatory cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for clinical outcome in neonates with perinatal hypoxic brain injury that could be biologically significant. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:2154-2173. [PMID: 33543500 PMCID: PMC9249405 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) that purportedly arises from hypoxia-ischemia is labeled hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Perinatal asphyxia is a clinical syndrome involving acidosis, a low Apgar score and the need for resuscitation in the delivery room; asphyxia alerts one to the possibility of NE. In the present systematic review, we focused on the noninflammatory biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that are involved in the development of possible brain injury in asphyxia or HIE. A literature search in PubMed and EMBASE for case-control studies was conducted and 17 studies were found suitable by a priori criteria. Statistical analysis used the Mantel-Haenszel model for dichotomous data. The pooled mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined. We identified the best biomarkers, based on the estimation approach in evaluating the biological significance, out of hundreds in three categories: cell adhesion and proliferation, oxidants and antioxidants, and cell damage. The following subtotal-population comparisons were made: perinatal asphyxia versus no asphyxia, asphyxia with HIE versus asphyxia without HIE, asphyxia with HIE versus no asphyxia, and term versus preterm HIE newborn with asphyxia. Biological significance of the biomarkers was determined by using a modification of the estimation approach, by ranking the biomarkers according to the difference in the bounds of the CIs. The most promising CSF biomarkers for prognostication especially for the severest HIE include creatine kinase, xanthine oxidase, vascular endothelial growth factor, neuron-specific enolase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde. Future studies are recommended using such a combined test to prognosticate the most severely affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kehuan Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Saihaj Deol
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sidhartha Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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5
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Lab-Attenuated Rabies Virus Facilitates Opening of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Inducing Matrix Metallopeptidase 8. J Virol 2022; 96:e0105022. [PMID: 36005758 PMCID: PMC9472762 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01050-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with laboratory-attenuated rabies virus (RABV), but not wild-type (wt) RABV, can enhance the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is considered a key determinant for RABV pathogenicity. A previous study showed that the enhancement of BBB permeability is directly due not to RABV infection but to virus-induced inflammatory molecules. In this study, the effect of the matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) family on the permeability of the BBB during RABV infection was evaluated. We found that the expression level of MMP8 was upregulated in mice infected with lab-attenuated RABV but not with wt RABV. Lab-attenuated RABV rather than wt RABV activates inflammatory signaling pathways mediated by the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Activated NF-κB (p65) and AP-1 (c-Fos) bind to the MMP8 promoter, resulting in upregulation of its transcription. Analysis of mouse brains infected with the recombinant RABV expressing MMP8 indicated that MMP8 enhanced BBB permeability, leading to infiltration of inflammatory cells into the central nervous system (CNS). In brain-derived endothelial cells, treatment with MMP8 recombinant protein caused the degradation of tight junction (TJ) proteins, and the application of an MMP8 inhibitor inhibited the degradation of TJ proteins after RABV infection. Furthermore, an in vivo experiment using an MMP8 inhibitor during RABV infection demonstrated that BBB opening was diminished. In summary, our data suggest that the infection of lab-attenuated RABV enhances the BBB opening by upregulating MMP8. IMPORTANCE The ability to change BBB permeability was associated with the pathogenicity of RABV. BBB permeability was enhanced by infection with lab-attenuated RABV instead of wt RABV, allowing immune cells to infiltrate into the CNS. We found that MMP8 plays an important role in enhancing BBB permeability by degradation of TJ proteins during RABV infection. Using an MMP8 selective inhibitor restores the reduction of TJ proteins. We reveal that MMP8 is upregulated via the MAPK and NF-κB inflammatory pathways, activated by lab-attenuated RABV infection but not wt RABV. Our findings suggest that MMP8 has a critical role in modulating the opening of the BBB during RABV infection, which provides fresh insight into developing effective therapeutics for rabies and infection with other neurotropic viruses.
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6
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Li S, Yang S, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhang X, Li W, Niu X, Shi W, Zhang G, Chang M, Tian Y. Impact of MMP2 rs243849 and rs14070 genetic polymorphisms on the ischemic stroke susceptibility in Chinese Shaanxi population. Front Neurol 2022; 13:931437. [PMID: 35959401 PMCID: PMC9358222 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.931437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke (IS) is a complex neurological disease affected by genetics and environment. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) is involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, inflammation and angiogenesis to regulate the development and recovery of IS. Purposes The aim of this study was to explore the association of rs1053605, rs243849 and rs14070 in MMP2 with the risk of IS in Chinese Shaanxi population. Methods In this study, 677 IS patients and 681 normal controls were recruited. Rs1053605, rs243849 and rs14070 in MMP2 were genotyped. Logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the association of rs1053605, rs243849 and rs14070 in MMP2 with IS susceptibility and the association of environmental factors with MMP2 genetic susceptibility to IS. Results The results of the overall analysis demonstrated that rs14070 in MMP2 significantly reduced the risk of IS in Chinese Shaanxi population (OR = 0.767, 95% CI = 0.619–0.952, P = 0.016). Subgroup analysis illustrated that rs243849 in MMP2 evidently increased the risk of IS among drinkers, while rs14070 in MMP2 apparently reduced IS susceptibility among females, participants with aged >55, smokers and drinkers. Conclusions Collectively, rs243849 and rs14070 in MMP2 were significantly associated with the risk of IS in Chinese Shaanxi population, and the effect of MMP2 to IS may be associated with its genetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiyao Yang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Weiping Li
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaochen Niu
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenzhen Shi
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Gejuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingze Chang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Mingze Chang
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Ye Tian
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7
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Zhang Y, Zhao B, Lai Q, Li Q, Tang X, Zhang Y, Pan Z, Gao Q, Zhong Z. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and blood-brain barrier disruption in uninjured brain areas of rhesus monkeys subjected to transient ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1335-1346. [PMID: 35137610 PMCID: PMC9207497 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221078065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a pivotal pathophysiological process in ischemic stroke. Although temporal changes in BBB permeability during the acute phase have been widely studied, little is known about the chronic phase of cerebrovascular changes that may have a large impact on the long-term outcome. Therefore, this study was aimed to measure cerebral vascular abnormalities using CT perfusion in nine rhesus monkeys subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for ≥1 year (MCAO-1Y+). The level of cerebral perfusion demonstrated by mean transit time was significantly higher in the ipsilateral caudate nucleus, white matter, thalamus, hippocampus, and contralateral thalamus in MCAO-1Y+ compared with the other nine age-matched control monkeys. The increase in BBB permeability measured through the permeability surface was found in the same ten regions of interest ipsilaterally and contralaterally. We also found decreased levels of Aβ 42/40 ratio in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), suggesting a potential link between post-MCAO cognitive decline and Aβ metabolism. Overall, we demonstrated significant cerebral hypoperfusion, BBB disruption, and CSF Aβ decrease during the rehabilitation stage of ischemic stroke in a non-human primate model. Future studies are needed to elucidate the cause-effect relationship between cerebrovascular disruptions and long-term neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqian Zhang
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bangcheng Zhao
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Lai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinxi Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xun Tang
- Sichuan SAFE Pharmaceutical Technology Company Limited, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinbing Zhang
- Sichuan SAFE Pharmaceutical Technology Company Limited, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhixiang Pan
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Zhong
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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8
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He Y, Zhang Y, Li W, Li Q, Zhao B, Tang X, Chen D, Zhang T, Zhang T, Zhong Z. Evaluating blood-brain barrier disruption and infarction volume concurrently in rats subjected to ischemic stroke using an optical imaging system. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 378:109630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Nonhuman Primate Models of Ischemic Stroke and Neurological Evaluation After Stroke. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 376:109611. [PMID: 35487315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates are closer to human beings than rodents in genetics, neuroanatomy, physiology and immunology. Nonhuman primates are therefore considered an ideal preclinical model to replicate various aspects of human stroke. Ischemia stroke models in nonhuman primates can better fit the physiological symptoms and changes in humans after cerebral ischemia. Currently, various construction methods and neurological evaluation methods have been developed and applied to stroke models of nonhuman primates, including craniectomy models, endovascular stroke models, autologous thrombus models and intraluminal filament models. Meanwhile, new innovative methods have emerged, such as the endothelin-1 model and photothrombosis model. In the past thirty years, these model studies have explored various mechanisms that are initiated in the first minutes, hours, and days after a stroke. Permanent and temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion models have been trying to simulate the complex situation of human stroke. However, a comprehensive comparison of the above methods, including their advantages and disadvantages, difficulty and application fields, is limited. Here, we introduce various modeling methods that are currently available for nonhuman primate stroke models, compare the differences between these different preparation methods, and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods and the fields of application. The imaging detection methods of nonhuman primates after cerebral ischemia and the neurological evaluation methods after stroke are also discussed briefly. Methods are sorted and compared so that scholars can choose appropriate modeling methods and evaluation methods to establish nonhuman primate stroke models.
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10
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Shan R, Zhou H, Liu X, Su G, Liu G, Zhang X, Sun C, Yu Z, Zhan L, Huang Z. Neuroprotective effects of four different fluids on cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rats through stabilization of the blood-brain barrier. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:5586-5600. [PMID: 34258805 PMCID: PMC9292910 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protecting the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a potential strategy to treat cerebral ischaemic injury. We previously reported that hypertonic sodium chloride hydroxyethyl starch 40 (HSH) treatment alleviates brain injury induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). However, other fluids, including 20% mannitol (MN), 3% hypertonic sodium chloride (HTS) and hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 solution (HES), have the same effect as HSH in cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI) remains unclear. The present study evaluated the protective effects of these four fluids on the BBB in tMCAO rats. Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to six groups. A CI/RI rat model was established by tMCAO for 120 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion. The sham and tMCAO groups were treated with normal saline (NS), whereas the other four groups were treated with the four fluids. After 24 h of reperfusion, neurological function, brain oedema, brain infarction volume, permeability of the BBB, cortical neuron loss and protein and mRNA expression were assessed. The four fluids (especially HSH) alleviated neurological deficits and decreased the infarction volume, brain oedema, BBB permeability and cortical neuron loss induced by tMCAO. The expression levels of GFAP, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, MMP‐9, MMP‐3, AQP4, MMP‐9, PDGFR‐β and RGS5 were decreased, whereas the expression levels of laminin and claudin‐5 were increased. These data suggested that small‐volume reperfusion using HSH, HES, MN and HTS ameliorated CI/RI, probably by attenuating BBB disruption and postischaemic inflammation, with HSH exerting the strongest neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reai Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Institute of Pain Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Guangjun Su
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Graduate School, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Guangsen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Graduate School, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Graduate School, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Cong Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Graduate School, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zining Yu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Graduate School, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Lifang Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Institute of Pain Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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11
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Sato S, Matsumiya K, Tohyama K, Kosugi Y. Translational CNS Steady-State Drug Disposition Model in Rats, Monkeys, and Humans for Quantitative Prediction of Brain-to-Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid-to-Plasma Unbound Concentration Ratios. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:81. [PMID: 34085128 PMCID: PMC8175309 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00609-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Capturing unbound drug exposure in the brain is crucial to evaluate pharmacological effects for drugs acting on the central nervous system. However, to date, there are no reports of validated prediction models to determine the brain-to-plasma unbound concentration ratio (Kp,uu,brain) as well as the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-to-plasma unbound concentration ratio (Kp,uu,CSF) between humans and other species. Here, we developed a translational CNS steady-state drug disposition model to predict Kp,uu,brain and Kp,uu,CSF across rats, monkeys, and humans by estimating the relative activity factors (RAF) for MDR1 and BCRP in addition to scaling factors (γ and σ) using the molecular weight, logD, CSF bulk flow, and in vitro transport activities of these transporters. In this study, 68, 26, and 28 compounds were tested in the rat, monkey, and human models, respectively. Both the predicted Kp,uu,brain and Kp,uu,CSF values were within the 3-fold range of the observed values (71, 73, and 79%; 79, 88, and 78% of the compounds, respectively), indicating successful prediction of Kp,uu,brain and Kp,uu,CSF in the three species. The overall predictivity of the RAF approach is consistent with that of the relative expression factor (REF) approach. As the established model can predict Kp,uu,brain and Kp,uu,CSF using only in vitro and physicochemical data, this model would help avoid ethical issues related to animal use and improve CNS drug discovery workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Sato
- Global DMPK, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Shonan Health Innovation Park (iPark), 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Kota Matsumiya
- Global DMPK, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Shonan Health Innovation Park (iPark), 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kimio Tohyama
- Global DMPK, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Shonan Health Innovation Park (iPark), 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yohei Kosugi
- Global DMPK, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Shonan Health Innovation Park (iPark), 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
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12
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Debatisse J, Wateau O, Cho TH, Costes N, Mérida I, Léon C, Langlois JB, Taborik F, Verset M, Portier K, Aggour M, Troalen T, Villien M, Makris N, Tourvieille C, Bars DL, Lancelot S, Confais J, Oudotte A, Nighoghossian N, Ovize M, Vivien D, Contamin H, Agin V, Canet-Soulas E, Eker OF. A non-human primate model of stroke reproducing endovascular thrombectomy and allowing long-term imaging and neurological read-outs. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:745-760. [PMID: 32428423 PMCID: PMC7983495 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20921310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a devastating disease. Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy is dramatically changing the management of acute ischemic stroke, raising new challenges regarding brain outcome and opening up new avenues for brain protection. In this context, relevant experiment models are required for testing new therapies and addressing important questions about infarct progression despite successful recanalization, reversibility of ischemic lesions, blood-brain barrier disruption and reperfusion damage. Here, we developed a minimally invasive non-human primate model of cerebral ischemia (Macaca fascicularis) based on an endovascular transient occlusion and recanalization of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). We evaluated per-occlusion and post-recanalization impairment on PET-MRI, in addition to acute and chronic neuro-functional assessment. Voxel-based analyses between per-occlusion PET-MRI and day-7 MRI showed two different patterns of lesion evolution: "symptomatic salvaged tissue" (SST) and "asymptomatic infarcted tissue" (AIT). Extended SST was present in all cases. AIT, remote from the area at risk, represented 45% of the final lesion. This model also expresses both worsening of fine motor skills and dysexecutive behavior over the chronic post-stroke period, a result in agreement with cortical-subcortical lesions. We thus fully characterized an original translational model of ischemia-reperfusion damage after stroke, with consistent ischemia time, and thrombus retrieval for effective recanalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Debatisse
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Siemens-Healthcare SAS., Saint-Denis, France
| | - Océane Wateau
- Cynbiose SAS, Marcy-L’Etoile, France
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S 1237, “Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders”, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Tae-Hee Cho
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR-5220, INSERM U1206, Université Lyon 1, INSA Lyon Bât. Blaise Pascal, Villeurbanne, France
- Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Christelle Léon
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Karine Portier
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Mohamed Aggour
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Nikolaos Makris
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR-5220, INSERM U1206, Université Lyon 1, INSA Lyon Bât. Blaise Pascal, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Didier Le Bars
- Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon, France
- CERMEP – Imagerie du Vivant, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Lancelot
- Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon, France
- CERMEP – Imagerie du Vivant, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Norbert Nighoghossian
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Michel Ovize
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S 1237, “Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders”, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandy Hospital, CHU Caen, Caen, France
| | | | - Véronique Agin
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S 1237, “Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders”, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Omer Faruk Eker
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR-5220, INSERM U1206, Université Lyon 1, INSA Lyon Bât. Blaise Pascal, Villeurbanne, France
- Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon, France
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13
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Qin Z, Ye Z, Tang J, Huang B, Chen X, Liu Y, Qu X, Gao J, Li S, Liang H, Qin C, Liu J. A model of silent brain infarction induced by endovascular intervention with balloon in cynomolgus macaques: A pilot study. Brain Res 2021; 1752:147278. [PMID: 33422533 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Silent brain infarction is a special type of cerebral infarction, which can be detected by MRI or CT. The most patients with silent brain infarction show no symptoms, but some have mild depression, vascular dementia and other symptoms that are easily overlooked. Silent brain infarction is one of the risk factors for symptomatic cerebral infarction, it can develop into symptomatic cerebral infarction placing a heavy burden on families and society. Therefore, it's prevention and treatment should be as important as symptomatic cerebral infarction. However, the pathogenesis of silent brain infarction has not been elucidated. Studies have shown that silent brain infarction models have been established in rats and mice. But compared with other animals, non-human primates are more similar to humans in neuroanatomical structure and clinical characteristics. Therefore, this study is the first time to explore the silent brain infarction model in cynomolgus macaques. In this study, a model of silent brain infarction was established by endovascular intervention using balloon occlusion at the end of internal carotid artery for 45 min, which can lay a foundation for the future research on the pathological mechanism of silent brain infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiu Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Ziming Ye
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Jingqun Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Baozi Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Xiangren Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Xiang Qu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Jinggui Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Shenghua Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Hongming Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
| | - Jingli Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
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14
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Abstract
Despite substantial advances in anesthesia safety within the past decades, perioperative mortality remains a prevalent problem and can be considered among the top causes of death worldwide. Acute organ failure is a major risk factor of morbidity and mortality in surgical patients and develops primarily as a consequence of a dysregulated inflammatory response and insufficient tissue perfusion. Neurological dysfunction, myocardial ischemia, acute kidney injury, respiratory failure, intestinal dysfunction, and hepatic impairment are among the most serious complications impacting patient outcome and recovery. Pre-, intra-, and postoperative arrangements, such as enhanced recovery after surgery programs, can contribute to lowering the occurrence of organ dysfunction, and mortality rates have improved with the advent of specialized intensive care units and advances in procedures relating to extracorporeal organ support. However, no specific pharmacological therapies have proven effective in the prevention or reversal of perioperative organ injury. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of organ dysfunction is essential to identify novel treatment strategies to improve perioperative care and outcomes for surgical patients. This review focuses on recent knowledge of pathophysiological and molecular pathways leading to perioperative organ injury. Additionally, we highlight potential therapeutic targets relevant to the network of events that occur in clinical settings with organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Conrad
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas.,Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
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15
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Debatisse J, Eker OF, Wateau O, Cho TH, Wiart M, Ramonet D, Costes N, Mérida I, Léon C, Dia M, Paillard M, Confais J, Rossetti F, Langlois JB, Troalen T, Iecker T, Le Bars D, Lancelot S, Bouchier B, Lukasziewicz AC, Oudotte A, Nighoghossian N, Ovize M, Contamin H, Lux F, Tillement O, Canet-Soulas E. PET-MRI nanoparticles imaging of blood-brain barrier damage and modulation after stroke reperfusion. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa193. [PMID: 33305265 PMCID: PMC7716090 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In an acute ischaemic stroke, understanding the dynamics of blood-brain barrier injury is of particular importance for the prevention of symptomatic haemorrhagic transformation. However, the available techniques assessing blood-brain barrier permeability are not quantitative and are little used in the context of acute reperfusion therapy. Nanoparticles cross the healthy or impaired blood-brain barrier through combined passive and active processes. Imaging and quantifying their transfer rate could better characterize blood-brain barrier damage and refine the delivery of neuroprotective agents. We previously developed an original endovascular stroke model of acute ischaemic stroke treated by mechanical thrombectomy followed by positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebral capillary permeability was quantified for two molecule sizes: small clinical gadolinium Gd-DOTA (<1 nm) and AGuIX® nanoparticles (∼5 nm) used for brain theranostics. On dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, the baseline transfer constant K trans was 0.94 [0.48, 1.72] and 0.16 [0.08, 0.33] ×10-3 min-1, respectively, in the normal brain parenchyma, consistent with their respective sizes, and 1.90 [1.23, 3.95] and 2.86 [1.39, 4.52] ×10-3 min-1 in choroid plexus, confirming higher permeability than brain parenchyma. At early reperfusion, K trans for both Gd-DOTA and AGuIX® nanoparticles was significantly higher within the ischaemic area compared to the contralateral hemisphere; 2.23 [1.17, 4.13] and 0.82 [0.46, 1.87] ×10-3 min-1 for Gd-DOTA and AGuIX® nanoparticles, respectively. With AGuIX® nanoparticles, K trans also increased within the ischaemic growth areas, suggesting added value for AGuIX®. Finally, K trans was significantly lower in both the lesion and the choroid plexus in a drug-treated group (ciclosporin A, n = 7) compared to placebo (n = 5). K trans quantification with AGuIX® nanoparticles can monitor early blood-brain barrier damage and treatment effect in ischaemic stroke after reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Debatisse
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France.,Siemens-Healthcare SAS, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Omer Faruk Eker
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR-5220, INSERM U1206, Université Lyon 1, INSA Lyon Bât. Blaise Pascal, 7 Avenue Jean Capelle, Villeurbanne 69621, France.,Hospices Civils of Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
| | | | - Tae-Hee Cho
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils of Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Marlène Wiart
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - David Ramonet
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Christelle Léon
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Maya Dia
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France.,Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mélanie Paillard
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | | | - Fabien Rossetti
- Univ Lyon, Institut Lumière Matière, CNRS UMR5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Didier Le Bars
- Hospices Civils of Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,CERMEP - Imagerie du Vivant, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Lancelot
- Hospices Civils of Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,CERMEP - Imagerie du Vivant, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Norbert Nighoghossian
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils of Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Michel Ovize
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils of Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
| | | | - François Lux
- Univ Lyon, Institut Lumière Matière, CNRS UMR5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Univ Lyon, Institut Lumière Matière, CNRS UMR5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
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16
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Islam SU, Shehzad A, Ahmed MB, Lee YS. Intranasal Delivery of Nanoformulations: A Potential Way of Treatment for Neurological Disorders. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081929. [PMID: 32326318 PMCID: PMC7221820 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the global prevalence of neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, glioblastoma, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis is steadily increasing, effective delivery of drug molecules in therapeutic quantities to the central nervous system (CNS) is still lacking. The blood brain barrier (BBB) is the major obstacle for the entry of drugs into the brain, as it comprises a tight layer of endothelial cells surrounded by astrocyte foot processes that limit drugs’ entry. In recent times, intranasal drug delivery has emerged as a reliable method to bypass the BBB and treat neurological diseases. The intranasal route for drug delivery to the brain with both solution and particulate formulations has been demonstrated repeatedly in preclinical models, including in human trials. The key features determining the efficacy of drug delivery via the intranasal route include delivery to the olfactory area of the nares, a longer retention time at the nasal mucosal surface, enhanced penetration of the drugs through the nasal epithelia, and reduced drug metabolism in the nasal cavity. This review describes important neurological disorders, challenges in drug delivery to the disordered CNS, and new nasal delivery techniques designed to overcome these challenges and facilitate more efficient and targeted drug delivery. The potential for treatment possibilities with intranasal transfer of drugs will increase with the development of more effective formulations and delivery devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ul Islam
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.U.I.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Adeeb Shehzad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Bilal Ahmed
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.U.I.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Young Sup Lee
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.U.I.); (M.B.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-6353; Fax: +82-53-943-2762
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17
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Wu Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Xia C, Lai Q, Dong Z, Kuang W, Yang C, Su D, Li H, Zhong Z. Potential effects of antibiotic-induced gut microbiome alteration on blood-brain barrier permeability compromise in rhesus monkeys. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1470:14-24. [PMID: 32112442 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) contributes to the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Gut microbiome composition affects BBB development and expression of tight junction proteins in rodents. However, we still do not know if there is any direct effect of gut microbial composition on BBB permeability and function in normal adult animals. In the current study, we determined temporal and spatial changes in BBB permeability of rhesus monkeys receiving amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AC) by monitoring the cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin ratio and the volume transfer constant (Ktrans ). We showed that oral, but not intravenous, AC was associated with subsequent significant alteration in gut microbial composition and an increase in BBB permeability in all monkeys, especially in the thalamus area. Acetic and propionic acids might play a pivotal role in this newly found communication between the gut and the central nervous system. Antibiotic-induced gut microbial composition change, especially the decrease in acetic acid- and propionic acid-producing phyla and genera, might have a potential effect on the increase in BBB permeability, which may contribute to a variety of neurological and psychological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingqian Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yinbing Zhang
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Kangcheng Biotech Co., Inc., Chengdu, China
| | - Chunchao Xia
- Radiology of Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Lai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zaiquan Dong
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Zhong
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Liu H, Huang CX, He Q, Li D, Luo MH, Zhao F, Lu W. Proteomics analysis of HSV-1-induced alterations in mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells. J Neurovirol 2019; 25:525-539. [PMID: 31144288 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-019-00752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a predominant cause of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), leading to a high mortality rate and severe neurological sequelae worldwide. HSE is typically accompanied by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. To explore the disruption mechanisms of the BBB, quantitative analysis of the cellular proteome was carried out to investigate the proteomic changes that occur after infection. In this study, bEnd.3 cells were infected with HSV-1, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 6761 proteins were identified in three independent mass spectrometry analyses. Compared to the uninfected cells, 386 and 293 differentially expressed proteins were markedly upregulated or downregulated, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the activator protein-1 factor, including Fos, Jun, and ATF family proteins and cell adhesion molecules were significantly changed. Further validation of the changes observed for these proteins was carried out by western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) studies were performed to explore the effects of ATF3, Fra1, or JunB overexpression on the function of bEnd.3 cells. Characterization of the differential expression of these proteins in bEnd.3 cells will facilitate further exploration of BBB disruption upon HSV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Chu-Xin Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Min-Hua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430000, China.
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
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19
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Chen H, Chen X, Luo Y, Shen J. Potential molecular targets of peroxynitrite in mediating blood–brain barrier damage and haemorrhagic transformation in acute ischaemic stroke with delayed tissue plasminogen activator treatment. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1220-1239. [PMID: 30468092 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1521519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Core Facility, the People’s Hospital of Bao-an Shenzhen, Shenzhen, PR China
- The 8th People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, the Affiliated Bao-an Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yunhao Luo
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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Preconditioning in the Rhesus Macaque Induces a Proteomic Signature Following Cerebral Ischemia that Is Associated with Neuroprotection. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 10:440-448. [PMID: 30341719 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0670-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Each year, thousands of patients are at risk of cerebral ischemic injury, due to iatrogenic responses to surgical procedures. Prophylactic treatment of these patients as standard care could minimize potential neurological complications. We have shown that protection of brain tissue, in a non-human primate model of cerebral ischemic injury, is possible through pharmacological preconditioning using the immune activator D192935. We postulate that preconditioning with D192935 results in neuroprotective reprogramming that is evident in the brain following experimentally induced cerebral ischemia. We performed quantitative proteomic analysis of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collected post-stroke from our previously published efficacy study to determine whether CSF protein profiles correlated with induced protection. Four groups of animals were examined: naïve animals (no treatment or stroke); animals treated with vehicle prior to stroke; D192935 treated and stroked animals, further delineated into two groups, ones that were protected (small infarcts) and those that were not protected (large infarcts). We found that distinct protein clusters defined the protected and non-protected animal groups, with a 16-member cluster of proteins induced exclusively in D192935 protected animals. Seventy percent of the proteins induced in the protected animals have functions that would enhance neuroprotection and tissue repair, including several members associated with M2 macrophages, a macrophage phenotype shown to contribute to neuroprotection and repair during ischemic injury. These studies highlight the translational importance of CSF biomarkers in defining mechanism and monitoring responses to treatment in development of stroke therapeutics.
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Yin P, Wei Y, Wang X, Zhu M, Feng J. Roles of Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators in Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Front Neurol 2018; 9:617. [PMID: 30131754 PMCID: PMC6090140 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke contributes to ~80% of all stroke cases. Recanalization with thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy are currently critical therapeutic strategies for rebuilding the blood supply following ischemic stroke. However, recanalization is often accompanied by cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury that is mediated by oxidative stress and inflammation. Resolution of inflammation belongs to the end stage of inflammation where inflammation is terminated and the repair of damaged tissue is started. Resolution of inflammation is mediated by a group of newly discovered lipid mediators called specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs). Accumulating evidence suggests that SPMs decrease leukocyte infiltration, enhance efferocytosis, reduce local neuronal injury, and decrease both oxidative stress and the production of inflammatory cytokines in various in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic stroke. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of reperfusion injury and the various roles of SPMs in stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,First Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yafen Wei
- First Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingqin Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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22
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Liu X, Kiss GK, Mellender SJ, Weiss HR, Chi OZ. Activation of Akt by SC79 decreased cerebral infarct in early cerebral ischemia-reperfusion despite increased BBB disruption. Neurosci Lett 2018; 681:78-82. [PMID: 29859325 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Activation of Akt has been suggested to produce neuronal protection in cerebral ischemia. Decreasing blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption has been associated with a better neuronal outcome in cerebral ischemia. We hypothesized that activation of Akt would decrease BBB disruption and contribute to decreasing the size of infarct in the early stage of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion within the therapeutic window. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed in rats under isoflurane anesthesia with controlled ventilation. Rats were treated with SC79 (a selective Akt activator which is cell and BBB permeable) 0.05 mg/kg × 3 i.p. or vehicle i.p. perioperatively. After one hour of MCAO and two hours of reperfusion, the transfer coefficient (Ki) of 14C-α-aminoisobutyric acid (14C-AIB, molecular weight 104 Da) and the volume of 3H-dextran (molecular weight 70,000 Da) distribution were determined to measure the degree of BBB disruption. At the same time point, the size of infarction was determined using tetrazolium staining. In an additional group of rats, a higher dose of SC79 (0.5 mg/kg × 3) was administered to determine the size of infarct. Administration of SC79 increased the Ki in the ischemic-reperfused cortex (IR-C, +32%, p < 0.05) as well as in the contralateral cortex (CC, +35%, p < 0.05) when compared with the untreated animals with MCAO/reperfusion. The volume of dextran distribution was not significantly changed by SC79. SC79 treatment significantly produced a decrease in the percentage of cortical infarct out of total cortical area (12.7 ± 1.7% vs 6.9 ± 0.9%, p < 0.001). Increasing the dose of SC79 by ten times did not significantly affect the size of cortical infarct. Contrary to our hypothesis, our data demonstrated that SC79 decreased the size of the infarct in the ischemic-reperfused cortex despite an increase in BBB disruption. Our data suggest the importance of activation of Akt for neuronal survival in the early stage of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion within the therapeutic window and that the mechanism of neuroprotection may not be related to the BBB effects of SC79.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, Suite 3100, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-1977, USA
| | - Geza K Kiss
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, Suite 3100, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-1977, USA
| | - Scott J Mellender
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, Suite 3100, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-1977, USA
| | - Harvey R Weiss
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Oak Z Chi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, Suite 3100, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-1977, USA.
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23
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Dong X. Current Strategies for Brain Drug Delivery. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1481-1493. [PMID: 29556336 PMCID: PMC5858162 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been a great hurdle for brain drug delivery. The BBB in healthy brain is a diffusion barrier essential for protecting normal brain function by impeding most compounds from transiting from the blood to the brain; only small molecules can cross the BBB. Under certain pathological conditions of diseases such as stroke, diabetes, seizures, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer disease, the BBB is disrupted. The objective of this review is to provide a broad overview on current strategies for brain drug delivery and related subjects from the past five years. It is hoped that this review could inspire readers to discover possible approaches to deliver drugs into the brain. After an initial overview of the BBB structure and function in both healthy and pathological conditions, this review re-visits, according to recent publications, some questions that are controversial, such as whether nanoparticles by themselves could cross the BBB and whether drugs are specifically transferred to the brain by actively targeted nanoparticles. Current non-nanoparticle strategies are also reviewed, such as delivery of drugs through the permeable BBB under pathological conditions and using non-invasive techniques to enhance brain drug uptake. Finally, one particular area that is often neglected in brain drug delivery is the influence of aging on the BBB, which is captured in this review based on the limited studies in the literature.
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Abstract
To bridge the gap between rodent and human studies, the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable committee suggests that nonhuman primates (NHPs) be used for preclinical, translational stroke studies. Owing to the fact that vast majority of ischemic strokes are caused by transient or permanent occlusion of a cerebral blood vessel eventually leading to brain infarction, ischemia induced by endovascular methods closely mimics thromboembolic or thrombotic cerebrovascular occlusion in patients. This review will make a thorough summary of transient or permanent occlusions of a cerebral blood vessel in NHPs using endovascular methods. Then, advantages and disadvantages, and potential applications will be analyzed for each kind of models. Additionally, we also make a further analysis based on different kinds of emboli, various occlusion sites, infract size, abnormal hemodynamics, and potential dysfunctions. Experimental models of ischemic stroke in NHPs are valuable tools to analyze specific facets of stroke in patients, especially those induced by endovascular methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Ankush Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jian Chen
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, XuanWu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
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25
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Conrad C, Dorzweiler K, Miller MA, Lauffenburger DA, Strik H, Bartsch JW. Profiling of metalloprotease activities in cerebrospinal fluids of patients with neoplastic meningitis. Fluids Barriers CNS 2017; 14:22. [PMID: 28806983 PMCID: PMC5556623 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-017-0070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neoplastic invasion into leptomeninges and subarachnoid space, resulting in neoplastic meningitis (NM) is a fatal complication of advanced solid and hematological neoplasms. Identification of malignant involvement of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) early in the disease course has crucial prognostic and therapeutic implications, but remains challenging. As indicators of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and breakdown of the blood–brain-barrier, Matrix Metalloproteases (MMPs) and A Disintegrin and Metalloproteases (ADAMs) are potential analytes for cerebral pathophysiology and metastatic dissemination of tumor cells into the CSF. Methods We compared protease activities in CSF samples from patients with NM and control individuals using FRET-based metalloprotease substrates with distinct enzyme selectivity profiles in a real-time, multiplex approach termed “proteolytic activity matrix assay” (PrAMA). Protease activity dynamics can be tracked by fluorescence changes over time. By simultaneously monitoring a panel of 5 FRET-substrate cleavages, a proteolytic signature can be identified and analyzed to infer the activities of multiple specific proteases. Distinct patterns of substrate cleavage comparing disease vs. control samples allow rapid, reproducible and sensitive discrimination even in small volumes of CSF. Results Individual substrate cleavage rates were linked to distinct proteases, and PrAMA computational inference implied increased activities of MMP-9, ADAM8 and ADAM17 (4–5-fold on average) in CSF samples from NM patients that were inhibitable by the metalloprotease inhibitor batimastat (BB-94). The activities of these proteases correlated with blood–brain barrier impairment. Notably, CSF cell counts were not found to directly reflect the protease activities observed in CSF samples from NM patients; this may explain the frequent clinical observation of negative cytology in NM patients. Conclusion PrAMA analysis of CSF samples is a potential diagnostic method for sensitive detection of NM and may be suitable for the clinical routine. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12987-017-0070-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Conrad
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstr, 35033, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Kristina Dorzweiler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstr, 35033, Marburg, Germany
| | - Miles A Miller
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Herwig Strik
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstr, 35033, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Jörg W Bartsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstr, 35033, Marburg, Germany.
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26
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Portis SM, Sanberg PR. Regenerative Rehabilitation: An Innovative and Multifactorial Approach to Recovery From Stroke and Brain Injury. CELL MEDICINE 2017; 9:67-71. [PMID: 28713637 DOI: 10.3727/215517917x693393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is currently a dearth of treatment options for stroke or traumatic brain injury that can restore cognitive and motor function. Regenerative and translational medicine have ushered forth promising new methods for mediating recovery in the central nervous system, the most salient of which are rehabilitation and stem cell therapies that, when combined, result in more pronounced recovery than one approach alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Portis
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paul R Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Chi OZ, Kiss GK, Mellender SJ, Liu X, Weiss HR. Rapamycin decreased blood-brain barrier permeability in control but not in diabetic rats in early cerebral ischemia. Neurosci Lett 2017. [PMID: 28625574 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes causes functional and structural changes in blood-brain barrier (BBB). The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been associated with glucose metabolism, diabetes, and altering BBB permeability. Since there is only a narrow therapeutic window (3h) for stroke victims, it is important to investigate BBB disruption in the early stage of cerebral ischemia. We compared the degree of BBB disruption in diabetic and in control rats at two hours of reperfusion after one hour of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion with or without inhibition of mTOR. Two weeks after streptozotocin ip to induce diabetes, MCA occlusion was performed. In half of the rats, an mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin was given for 2days before MCA occlusion. After one hour of MCA occlusion and two hours of the reperfusion, the transfer coefficient (Ki) of 14C-α-aminoisobutyric acid was determined to quantify degree of BBB disruption. Ischemia-reperfusion increased the Ki in the control animals. Streptozotocin increased the Ki in the ischemic-reperfused (IR-C, +22%) as well as in the contralateral cortex (CC, +40%). Rapamycin decreased the Ki in the IR-C (-32%) as well as in the CC (-26%) in the control rats. However, rapamycin did not affect Ki in the IR-C or in the CC in the diabetic rats. Our data demonstrated a greater BBB disruption in diabetes in the ischemic as well as non-ischemic cortex even in the early stage of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and that acute administration of rapamycin did not significantly affect BBB permeability in diabetes. From our quantitative analysis of BBB disruption, the vulnerability of BBB in diabetes has been emphasized in the early stage of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and a less important role of the mTOR pathway is suggested in altering BBB permeability in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oak Z Chi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, Suite 3100, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Geza K Kiss
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, Suite 3100, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Scott J Mellender
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, Suite 3100, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, Suite 3100, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Harvey R Weiss
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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miR-Let7A Controls the Cell Death and Tight Junction Density of Brain Endothelial Cells under High Glucose Condition. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6051874. [PMID: 28680530 PMCID: PMC5478855 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6051874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced stress in the brain of patients with diabetes triggers the disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB), leading to diverse neurological diseases including stroke and dementia. Recently, the role of microRNA becomes an interest in the research for deciphering the mechanism of brain endothelial cell damage under hyperglycemia. Therefore, we investigated whether mircoRNA Let7A (miR-Let7A) controls the damage of brain endothelial (bEnd.3) cells against high glucose condition. Cell viability, cell death marker expressions (p-53, Bax, and cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase), the loss of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and claudin-5), proinflammatory response (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nitrite production were confirmed using MTT, reverse transcription-PCR, quantitative-PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and Griess reagent assay. miR-Let7A overexpression significantly prevented cell death and loss of tight junction proteins and attenuated proinflammatory response and nitrite production in the bEnd.3 cells under high glucose condition. Taken together, we suggest that miR-Let7A may attenuate brain endothelial cell damage by controlling cell death signaling, loss of tight junction proteins, and proinflammatory response against high glucose stress. In the future, the manipulation of miR-Let7A may be a novel solution in controlling BBB disruption which leads to the central nervous system diseases.
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