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Yoval-Sánchez B, Guerrero I, Ansari F, Niatsetskaya Z, Siragusa M, Magrane J, Ten V, Konrad C, Szibor M, Galkin A. Effect of alternative oxidase (AOX) expression on mouse cerebral mitochondria bioenergetics. Redox Biol 2024; 77:103378. [PMID: 39368457 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) is an enzyme that transfers electrons from reduced quinone directly to oxygen without proton translocation. When AOX from Ciona intestinalis is xenotopically expressed in mice, it can substitute the combined electron-transferring activity of mitochondrial complexes III/IV. Here, we used brain mitochondria from AOX-expressing mice with such a chimeric respiratory chain to study respiratory control bioenergetic mechanisms. AOX expression did not compromise the function of the mammalian respiratory chain at physiological conditions, however the complex IV inhibitor cyanide only partially blocked respiration by AOX-containing mitochondria. The relative fraction of cyanide-insensitive respiration increased at lower temperatures, indicative of a temperature-controlled attenuation of mammalian respiratory enzyme activity. As AOX does not translocate protons, the mitochondrial transmembrane potential in AOX-containing mitochondria was more sensitive to cyanide during succinate oxidation than during malate/pyruvate-supported respiration. High concentrations of cyanide fully collapsed membrane potential during oxidation of either succinate or glycerol 3-phosphate, but not during malate/pyruvate-supported respiration. This confirms AOX's electroneutral redox activity and indicates differences in the proton-translocating capacity of dehydrogenases upstream of the ubiquinone pool. Our respiration data refutes previous proposals for quinone partitioning within the supercomplexes of the respiratory chain, instead supporting the concept of a single homogeneous, freely diffusing quinone pool. Respiration with either succinate or glycerol 3-phosphate promotes reverse electron transfer (RET) towards complex I. AOX expression significantly decreased RET-induced ROS generation, with the effect more pronounced at low temperatures. Inhibitor-sensitivity analysis showed that the AOX-induced decrease in H2O2 release is due to the lower contribution of complex I to net ROS production during RET. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the role of temperature as a mechanism to control respiration and highlight the utility of AOX as a genetic tool to characterize both the distinct pathways of oxygen reduction and the role of redox control in RET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belem Yoval-Sánchez
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ivan Guerrero
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Fariha Ansari
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zoya Niatsetskaya
- Departments of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Max Siragusa
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jordi Magrane
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Vadim Ten
- Departments of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Csaba Konrad
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Marten Szibor
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, 33014, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Alexander Galkin
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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2
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Delgado-Martín S, Martínez-Ruiz A. The role of ferroptosis as a regulator of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:2160-2173. [PMID: 38676284 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a unique form of cell death that was first described in 2012 and plays a significant role in various diseases, including neurodegenerative conditions. It depends on a dysregulation of cellular iron metabolism, which increases free, redox-active, iron that can trigger Fenton reactions, generating hydroxyl radicals that damage cells through oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxides, resulting mainly from unsaturated fatty acids, damage cells by disrupting membrane integrity and propagating cell death signals. Moreover, lipid peroxide degradation products can further affect cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and amines. In ischemic stroke, where blood flow to the brain is restricted, there is increased iron absorption, oxidative stress, and compromised blood-brain barrier integrity. Imbalances in iron-transport and -storage proteins increase lipid oxidation and contribute to neuronal damage, thus pointing to the possibility of brain cells, especially neurons, dying from ferroptosis. Here, we review the evidence showing a role of ferroptosis in ischemic stroke, both in recent studies directly assessing this type of cell death, as well as in previous studies showing evidence that can now be revisited with our new knowledge on ferroptosis mechanisms. We also review the efforts made to target ferroptosis in ischemic stroke as a possible treatment to mitigate cellular damage and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Delgado-Martín
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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Wang X, Zhou WT, Dong HH, Li CY, Jiang YY, Xie P, Xu ZY, Xie SH, Yang SX, Huang L, Chen H, Wang LY, Wei X, Huang YQ. Isobavachalcone: A redox antifungal agent impairs the mitochondria protein of Cryptococcus neoformans. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 64:107253. [PMID: 38925229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Isobavachalcone (IBC) is a natural small molecule with various biological activities; however, its inhibitory effects on Cryptococcus neoformans remain unclear. In our study, IBC showed a good antifungal effect. Through in vitro experiments, its minimum inhibitory concentration was 0.5-1 µg/mL. It exhibited the same antifungal effect as Amphotericin B in brain and lung infections in in vivo experiments. IBC also showed a synergistic antifungal effect with emodin with lower toxicity, and C. neoformans did not develop drug resistance to IBC. In the mechanistic study, significantly damaged mitochondria of C. neoformans, a significant reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate production, and an increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) caused by IBC were observed using transmission electron microscopy. Through drug affinity-responsive target stability combined with phenotype detection, riboflavin synthases of aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase were screened. Molecular docking, quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiments, target inhibitor and agonist intervention, molecular interaction measurements, and minimum inhibitory concentration detection of the constructed expression strains revealed that IBC targeted the activity of these two enzymes, interfered by the tricarboxylic acid cycle, inhibited the production of adenosine triphosphate, blocked electron transport, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and induced antioxidation imbalance and reactive oxygen species accumulation, thus producing an antifungal effect. Therefore, IBC is a promising lead drug and redox antifungal agent for C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Wen-Ting Zhou
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Hui-Hua Dong
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Chen-Yan Li
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yu-Ying Jiang
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zhen-Yi Xu
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Shuo-Hua Xie
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Shi-Xian Yang
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Lu-Yao Wang
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
| | - Xian Wei
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
| | - Yan-Qiang Huang
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
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Parente A, Kasahara M, De Meijer VE, Hashimoto K, Schlegel A. Efficiency of machine perfusion in pediatric liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2024:01445473-990000000-00359. [PMID: 38619390 DOI: 10.1097/lvt.0000000000000381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the only life-saving procedure for children with end-stage liver disease. The field is however heterogenic with various graft types, recipient age, weight, and underlying diseases. Despite recently improved overall outcomes and the expanded use of living donors, waiting list mortality remains unacceptable, particularly in small children and infants. Based on the known negative effects of elevated donor age, higher body mass index, and prolonged cold ischemia time, the number of available donors for pediatric recipients is limited. Machine perfusion has regained significant interest in the adult liver transplant population during the last decade. Ten randomized controlled trials are published with an overall advantage of machine perfusion techniques over cold storage regarding postoperative outcomes, including graft survival. The concept of hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) was the first and only perfusion technique used for pediatric liver transplantation today. In 2018 the first pediatric candidate received a full-size graft donated after circulatory death with cold storage and HOPE, followed by a few split liver transplants after HOPE with an overall limited case number until today. One series of split procedures during HOPE was recently presented by colleagues from France with excellent results, reduced complications, and better graft survival. Such early experience paves the way for more systematic use of machine perfusion techniques for different graft types for pediatric recipients. Clinical reports of pediatric liver transplants with other perfusion techniques are awaited. Strong collaborative efforts are needed to explore the effect of perfusion techniques in this vulnerable population impacting not only the immediate posttransplant outcome but the development and success of an entire life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Parente
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- HPB and Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mureo Kasahara
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vincent E De Meijer
- Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Koji Hashimoto
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation Center, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrea Schlegel
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation Center, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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5
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Bahire KL, Maļuhins R, Bello F, Upīte J, Makarovs A, Jansone B. Long-Term Region-Specific Mitochondrial Functionality Changes in Both Cerebral Hemispheres after fMCAo Model of Ischemic Stroke. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:416. [PMID: 38671864 PMCID: PMC11047464 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) refers to a secondary brain injury that results in mitochondrial dysfunction of variable extent, leading to neuronal cell damage. The impact of this process has mainly been studied in the short term, from the early hours up to one week after blood flow reperfusion, and in the ischemic hemisphere only. The focus of this study was to assess the long-term impacts of I/R on mitochondrial functionality using high-resolution fluorespirometry to evaluate state-dependent activities in both ischemic (ipsilateral) and non-ischemic (contralateral) hemispheres of male mice 60, 90, 120, and 180 days after I/R caused by 60-min-long filament-induced middle cerebral artery occlusion (fMCAo). Our results indicate that in cortical tissues, succinate-supported oxygen flux (Complex I&II OXPHOS state) and H2O2 production (Complex II LEAK state) were significantly decreased in the fMCAo (stroke) group ipsilateral hemisphere compared to measurements in the contralateral hemisphere 60 and 90 days after stroke. In hippocampal tissues, during the Complex I&II ET state, mitochondrial respiration was generally lower in the ipsilateral compared to the contralateral hemisphere 90 days following stroke. An aging-dependent impact on mitochondria oxygen consumption following I/R injury was observed 180 days after surgery, wherein Complex I&II activities were lowest in both hemispheres. The obtained results highlight the importance of long-term studies in the field of ischemic stroke, particularly when evaluating mitochondrial bioenergetics in specific brain regions within and between separately affected cerebral hemispheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Lūcija Bahire
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (R.M.); (F.B.); (J.U.); (A.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Baiba Jansone
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (R.M.); (F.B.); (J.U.); (A.M.)
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6
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Zorova LD, Abramicheva PA, Andrianova NV, Babenko VA, Zorov SD, Pevzner IB, Popkov VA, Semenovich DS, Yakupova EI, Silachev DN, Plotnikov EY, Sukhikh GT, Zorov DB. Targeting Mitochondria for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:444. [PMID: 38675106 PMCID: PMC11054825 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing accumulation of data on the exceptional importance of mitochondria in the occurrence and treatment of cancer, and in all lines of evidence for such participation, there are both energetic and non-bioenergetic functional features of mitochondria. This analytical review examines three specific features of adaptive mitochondrial changes in several malignant tumors. The first feature is characteristic of solid tumors, whose cells are forced to rebuild their energetics due to the absence of oxygen, namely, to activate the fumarate reductase pathway instead of the traditional succinate oxidase pathway that exists in aerobic conditions. For such a restructuring, the presence of a low-potential quinone is necessary, which cannot ensure the conventional conversion of succinate into fumarate but rather enables the reverse reaction, that is, the conversion of fumarate into succinate. In this scenario, complex I becomes the only generator of energy in mitochondria. The second feature is the increased proliferation in aggressive tumors of the so-called mitochondrial (peripheral) benzodiazepine receptor, also called translocator protein (TSPO) residing in the outer mitochondrial membrane, the function of which in oncogenic transformation stays mysterious. The third feature of tumor cells is the enhanced retention of certain molecules, in particular mitochondrially directed cations similar to rhodamine 123, which allows for the selective accumulation of anticancer drugs in mitochondria. These three features of mitochondria can be targets for the development of an anti-cancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubava D. Zorova
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina A. Abramicheva
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Nadezda V. Andrianova
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Valentina A. Babenko
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Savva D. Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina B. Pevzner
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily A. Popkov
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Semenovich
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Elmira I. Yakupova
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Denis N. Silachev
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady T. Sukhikh
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry B. Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Devaux JBL, Hickey AJR, Renshaw GMC. Succinate-mediated reactive oxygen species production in the anoxia-tolerant epaulette ( Hemiscyllium ocellatum) and grey carpet ( Chiloscyllium punctatum) sharks. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20230344. [PMID: 37817574 PMCID: PMC10565405 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoxia/re-oxygenation (AR) results in elevated unchecked oxidative stress and mediates irreversible damage within the brain for most vertebrates. Succinate accumulation within mitochondria of the ischaemic brain appears to increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon re-oxygenation. Two closely related elasmobranchs, the epaulette shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum) and the grey carpet shark (Chiloscyllium punctatum) repeatedly experience near anoxia and re-oxygenation in their habitats and have adapted to survive AR at tropical temperatures without significant brain injuries. However, these anoxia-tolerant species display contrasting strategies to survive AR, with only H. ocellatum having the capacity to supress metabolism and H. ocellatum mitochondria the capacity to depress succinate oxidation post-AR. We measured oxygen consumption alongside ROS production mediated by elevated succinate in mitochondria of permeabilized cerebellum from both shark species. Although mitochondrial respiration remained similar for both species, the ROS production in H. ocellatum was half that of C. punctatum in phosphorylating and non-phosphorylating mitochondria. Maximum ROS production in H. ocellatum was mediated by succinate loads 10-fold higher than in C. punctatum mitochondria. The contrasting survival strategies of anoxia-tolerant sharks reveal the significance of mitigating ROS production under elevated succinate load during AR, shedding light on potential mechanisms to mitigate brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules B. L. Devaux
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J. R. Hickey
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Gillian M. C. Renshaw
- Hypoxia and Ischemia Research Unit School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
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8
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Panconesi R, Flores Carvalho M, Dondossola D, Muiesan P, Dutkowski P, Schlegel A. Impact of Machine Perfusion on the Immune Response After Liver Transplantation – A Primary Treatment or Just a Delivery Tool. Front Immunol 2022; 13:855263. [PMID: 35874758 PMCID: PMC9304705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.855263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequent use of marginal livers forces transplant centres to explore novel technologies to improve organ quality and outcomes after implantation. Organ perfusion techniques are therefore frequently discussed with an ever-increasing number of experimental and clinical studies. Two main approaches, hypothermic and normothermic perfusion, are the leading strategies to be introduced in clinical practice in many western countries today. Despite this success, the number of studies, which provide robust data on the underlying mechanisms of protection conveyed through this technology remains scarce, particularly in context of different stages of ischemia-reperfusion-injury (IRI). Prior to a successful clinical implementation of machine perfusion, the concept of IRI and potential key molecules, which should be addressed to reduce IRI-associated inflammation, requires a better exploration. During ischemia, Krebs cycle metabolites, including succinate play a crucial role with their direct impact on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at mitochondrial complex I upon reperfusion. Such features are even more pronounced under normothermic conditions and lead to even higher levels of downstream inflammation. The direct consequence appears with an activation of the innate immune system. The number of articles, which focus on the impact of machine perfusion with and without the use of specific perfusate additives to modulate the inflammatory cascade after transplantation is very small. This review describes first, the subcellular processes found in mitochondria, which instigate the IRI cascade together with proinflammatory downstream effects and their link to the innate immune system. Next, the impact of currently established machine perfusion strategies is described with a focus on protective mechanisms known for the different perfusion approaches. Finally, the role of such dynamic preservation techniques to deliver specific agents, which appear currently of interest to modulate this posttransplant inflammation, is discussed together with future aspects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Panconesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hepatobiliary Unit, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- General Surgery 2U-Liver Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della, Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauricio Flores Carvalho
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hepatobiliary Unit, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Dondossola
- General and Liver Transplant Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore, Policlinico and University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Muiesan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hepatobiliary Unit, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- General and Liver Transplant Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore, Policlinico and University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Philipp Dutkowski
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Schlegel
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hepatobiliary Unit, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- General and Liver Transplant Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore, Policlinico and University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Andrea Schlegel,
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9
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Roca FJ, Whitworth LJ, Prag HA, Murphy MP, Ramakrishnan L. Tumor necrosis factor induces pathogenic mitochondrial ROS in tuberculosis through reverse electron transport. Science 2022; 376:eabh2841. [PMID: 35737799 PMCID: PMC7612974 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a critical host resistance factor against tuberculosis. However, excess TNF produces susceptibility by increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS), which initiate a signaling cascade to cause pathogenic necrosis of mycobacterium-infected macrophages. In zebrafish, we identified the mechanism of TNF-induced mROS in tuberculosis. Excess TNF in mycobacterium-infected macrophages elevates mROS production by reverse electron transport (RET) through complex I. TNF-activated cellular glutamine uptake leads to an increased concentration of succinate, a Krebs cycle intermediate. Oxidation of this elevated succinate by complex II drives RET, thereby generating the mROS superoxide at complex I. The complex I inhibitor metformin, a widely used antidiabetic drug, prevents TNF-induced mROS and necrosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected zebrafish and human macrophages; metformin may therefore be useful in tuberculosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Roca
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Current affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Murcia 30120, Spain
| | - Laura J. Whitworth
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Hiran A. Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Michael P. Murphy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Lalita Ramakrishnan
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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10
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Li X, Flynn ER, do Carmo JM, Wang Z, da Silva AA, Mouton AJ, Omoto ACM, Hall ME, Hall JE. Direct Cardiac Actions of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition Improve Mitochondrial Function and Attenuate Oxidative Stress in Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:859253. [PMID: 35647080 PMCID: PMC9135142 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.859253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials showed that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a class of drugs developed for treating diabetes mellitus, improve prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF). However, the mechanisms for cardioprotection by SGLT2 inhibitors are still unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play important roles in progression of HF. This study tested the hypothesis that empagliflozin (EMPA), a highly selective SGLT2 inhibitor, improves mitochondrial function and reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) while enhancing cardiac performance through direct effects on the heart in a non-diabetic mouse model of HF induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). EMPA or vehicle was administered orally for 4 weeks starting 2 weeks post-TAC. EMPA treatment did not alter blood glucose or body weight but significantly attenuated TAC-induced cardiac dysfunction and ventricular remodeling. Impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in failing hearts was significantly improved by EMPA. EMPA treatment also enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and restored normal mitochondria morphology. Although TAC increased mitochondrial ROS and decreased endogenous antioxidants, EMPA markedly inhibited cardiac ROS production and upregulated expression of endogenous antioxidants. In addition, EMPA enhanced autophagy and decreased cardiac apoptosis in TAC-induced HF. Importantly, mitochondrial respiration significantly increased in ex vivo cardiac fibers after direct treatment with EMPA. Our results indicate that EMPA has direct effects on the heart, independently of reductions in blood glucose, to enhance mitochondrial function by upregulating mitochondrial biogenesis, enhancing OXPHOS, reducing ROS production, attenuating apoptosis, and increasing autophagy to improve overall cardiac function in a non-diabetic model of pressure overload-induced HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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11
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Curtabbi A, Enríquez JA. The ins and outs of the flavin mononucleotide cofactor of respiratory complex I. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:629-644. [PMID: 35166025 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The flavin mononucleotide (FMN) cofactor of respiratory complex I occupies a key position in the electron transport chain. Here, the electrons coming from NADH start the sequence of oxidoreduction reactions, which drives the generation of the proton-motive force necessary for ATP synthesis. The overall architecture and the general catalytic proprieties of the FMN site are mostly well established. However, several aspects regarding the complex I flavin cofactor are still unknown. For example, the flavin binding to the N-module, the NADH-oxidizing portion of complex I, lacks a molecular description. The dissociation of FMN from the enzyme is beginning to emerge as an important regulatory mechanism of complex I activity and ROS production. Finally, how mitochondria import and metabolize FMN is still uncertain. This review summarizes the current knowledge on complex I flavin cofactor and discusses the open questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Curtabbi
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Yoval-Sánchez B, Ansari F, James J, Niatsetskaya Z, Sosunov S, Filipenko P, Tikhonova IG, Ten V, Wittig I, Rafikov R, Galkin A. Redox-dependent loss of flavin by mitochondria complex I is different in brain and heart. Redox Biol 2022; 51:102258. [PMID: 35189550 PMCID: PMC8861397 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologies associated with tissue ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in highly metabolizing organs such as the brain and heart are leading causes of death and disability in humans. Molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction during acute injury in I/R are tissue-specific, but their details are not completely understood. A metabolic shift and accumulation of substrates of reverse electron transfer (RET) such as succinate are observed in tissue ischemia, making mitochondrial complex I of the respiratory chain (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) the most vulnerable enzyme to the following reperfusion. It has been shown that brain complex I is predisposed to losing its flavin mononucleotide (FMN) cofactor when maintained in the reduced state in conditions of RET both in vitro and in vivo. Here we investigated the process of redox-dependent dissociation of FMN from mitochondrial complex I in brain and heart mitochondria. In contrast to the brain enzyme, cardiac complex I does not lose FMN when reduced in RET conditions. We proposed that the different kinetics of FMN loss during RET is due to the presence of brain-specific long 50 kDa isoform of the NDUFV3 subunit of complex I, which is absent in the heart where only the canonical 10 kDa short isoform is found. Our simulation studies suggest that the long NDUFV3 isoform can reach toward the FMN binding pocket and affect the nucleotide affinity to the apoenzyme. For the first time, we demonstrated a potential functional role of tissue-specific isoforms of complex I, providing the distinct molecular mechanism of I/R-induced mitochondrial impairment in cardiac and cerebral tissues. By combining functional studies of intact complex I and molecular structure simulations, we defined the critical difference between the brain and heart enzyme and suggested insights into the redox-dependent inactivation mechanisms of complex I during I/R injury in both tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belem Yoval-Sánchez
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Fariha Ansari
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Joel James
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Zoya Niatsetskaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Sergey Sosunov
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Peter Filipenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Irina G. Tikhonova
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology, Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Vadim Ten
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ruslan Rafikov
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Alexander Galkin
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA,Corresponding author.
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13
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Tomar N, Zhang X, Kandel SM, Sadri S, Yang C, Liang M, Audi SH, Cowley AW, Dash RK. Substrate-dependent differential regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics in the heart and kidney cortex and outer medulla. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2022; 1863:148518. [PMID: 34864090 PMCID: PMC8957717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics and efficiency of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) can depend on the choice of respiratory substrates. Furthermore, potential differences in this substrate dependency among different tissues are not well-understood. Here, we determined the effects of different substrates on the kinetics and efficiency of OxPhos in isolated mitochondria from the heart and kidney cortex and outer medulla (OM) of Sprague-Dawley rats. The substrates were pyruvate+malate, glutamate+malate, palmitoyl-carnitine+malate, alpha-ketoglutarate+malate, and succinate±rotenone at saturating concentrations. The kinetics of OxPhos were interrogated by measuring mitochondrial bioenergetics under different ADP perturbations. Results show that the kinetics and efficiency of OxPhos are highly dependent on the substrates used, and this dependency is distinctly different between heart and kidney. Heart mitochondria showed higher respiratory rates and OxPhos efficiencies for all substrates in comparison to kidney mitochondria. Cortex mitochondria respiratory rates were higher than OM mitochondria, but OM mitochondria OxPhos efficiencies were higher than cortex mitochondria. State 3 respiration was low in heart mitochondria with succinate but increased significantly in the presence of rotenone, unlike kidney mitochondria. Similar differences were observed in mitochondrial membrane potential. Differences in H2O2 emission in the presence of succinate±rotenone were observed in heart mitochondria and to a lesser extent in OM mitochondria, but not in cortex mitochondria. Bioenergetics and H2O2 emission data with succinate±rotenone indicate that oxaloacetate accumulation and reverse electron transfer may play a more prominent regulatory role in heart mitochondria than kidney mitochondria. These studies provide novel quantitative data demonstrating that the choice of respiratory substrates affects mitochondrial responses in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Tomar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America
| | - Sunil M Kandel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America
| | - Shima Sadri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America
| | - Mingyu Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America; Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America
| | - Said H Audi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee WI-53223, United States of America
| | - Allen W Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America; Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America.
| | - Ranjan K Dash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America; Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI-53226, United States of America.
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14
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Antioxidant Role and Cardiolipin Remodeling by Redox-Activated Mitochondrial Ca 2+-Independent Phospholipase A 2γ in the Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020198. [PMID: 35204081 PMCID: PMC8868467 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2γ (iPLA2γ/PNPLA8) was previously shown to be directly activated by H2O2 and release free fatty acids (FAs) for FA-dependent H+ transport mediated by the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) or uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). The resulting mild mitochondrial uncoupling and consequent partial attenuation of mitochondrial superoxide production lead to an antioxidant effect. However, the antioxidant role of iPLA2γ in the brain is not completely understood. Here, using wild-type and iPLA2γ-KO mice, we demonstrate the ability of tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) to activate iPLA2γ in isolated brain mitochondria, with consequent liberation of FAs and lysophospholipids. The liberated FA caused an increase in respiratory rate, which was fully inhibited by carboxyatractyloside (CATR), a specific inhibitor of ANT. Employing detailed lipidomic analysis, we also demonstrate a typical cleavage pattern for TBHP-activated iPLA2γ, reflecting cleavage of glycerophospholipids from both sn-1 and sn-2 positions releasing saturated FAs, monoenoic FAs, and predominant polyunsaturated FAs. The acute antioxidant role of iPLA2γ-released FAs is supported by monitoring both intramitochondrial superoxide and extramitochondrial H2O2 release. We also show that iPLA2γ-KO mice were more sensitive to stimulation by pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide, as reflected by the concomitant increase in protein carbonyls in the brain and pro-inflammatory IL-6 release in the serum. These data support the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role of iPLA2γ in vivo. Our data also reveal a substantial decrease of several high molecular weight cardiolipin (CL) species and accumulation of low molecular weight CL species in brain mitochondria of iPLA2γ-KO mice. Collectively, our results support a key role of iPLA2γ in the remodeling of lower molecular weight immature cardiolipins with predominantly saturated acyl chains to high molecular weight mature cardiolipins with highly unsaturated PUFA acyl chains, typical for the brain.
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15
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Schnerwitzki D, Vabulas RM. Dynamic association of flavin cofactors to regulate flavoprotein function. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:645-654. [PMID: 35015339 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Flavoproteins are key players in numerous redox pathways in cells. Flavin cofactors FMN and FAD confer the required chemical reactivity to flavoenzymes. In most cases, the interaction between the proteins and the flavins is noncovalent, yet stronger in comparison to other redox-active cofactors, such as NADH and NADPH. The association is considered static, but this view has started to change with the recent discovery of the dynamic association of flavins and flavoenzymes. Six cases from different organisms and various metabolic pathways are discussed here. The available mechanistic details span the range from rudimentary, as in the case of the ER-resident oxidoreductase Ero1, to comprehensive, as for the bacterial respiratory complex I. The same holds true in regard to the assumed functional role of the dynamic association presented here. More work is needed to clarify the structural and functional determinants of the known examples. Identification of new cases will help to appreciate the generality of the new principle of intracellular flavoenzyme regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Schnerwitzki
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Martin Vabulas
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Chen C, Lu L, Zhu J, Gu X, Liu B, Li D, Chen G. Miro1 provides neuroprotection via the mitochondrial trafficking pathway in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 2021; 1773:147685. [PMID: 34637761 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The outer mitochondrial membrane protein mitochondrial Rho-GTPase 1 (Miro1) is known to be involved in the regulation of mitochondrial transport required for neuronal protection. Previous reports established that disruption of Miro1-dependent mitochondrial movement could result in nervous system diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. This study was designed to explore the expression and mechanisms of Miro1 in secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). A total of 115 male Sprague Dawley rats were used in the weight-drop TBI rat model, and Miro1 in vivo knockdown was performed 24 h before TBI modeling by treatment with Miro1 short-interfering RNA. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, immunofluorescence, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level assay, neuronal apoptosis, brain water content measurement, and neurological score analyses were carried out. Our results showed that the mRNA and protein levels of Miro1 were increased after TBI and co-localized with neurons and astrocytes in the peri-injury cortex. Moreover, Miro1 knockdown further exacerbated neuronal apoptosis, brain edema, and neurological deficits at 48 h after TBI, accompanied by impaired mitochondrial transport, reduction of mitochondria number and energy deficiency. Additionally, the apoptosis-related factors Bax upregulation and Bcl-2 downregulation as Miro1 knockdown after TBI implied that antiapoptotic effects on neuroprotection of Miro1, which were verified by the Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining and TUNEL staining. In conclusion, these findings suggest that Miro1 probably plays a neuroprotective role against secondary brain injury through the mitochondria trafficking pathway, suggesting that enhancing Miro1 might be a new strategy for the treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lina Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Anesthesia, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bofei Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Di Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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17
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Response to the Comment on "Injury or Function-What Is Best to Assess Organ Viability Before Liver Graft Implantation?". Ann Surg 2021; 274:e688. [PMID: 33064397 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Hypoxia preconditioning improves structure and function of astrocytes mitochondria via PGC-1α/HIF signal. J Biosci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Ansari F, Yoval-Sánchez B, Niatsetskaya Z, Sosunov S, Stepanova A, Garcia C, Owusu-Ansah E, Ten V, Wittig I, Galkin A. Quantification of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) content in biological samples. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101204. [PMID: 34543622 PMCID: PMC8503622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairments in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in human genetic diseases associated with mitochondrial and nuclear DNA mutations, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and aging. Alteration in mitochondrial complex I structure and activity has been shown to play a key role in Parkinson's disease and ischemia/reperfusion tissue injury, but significant difficulty remains in assessing the content of this enzyme complex in a given sample. The present study introduces a new method utilizing native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in combination with flavin fluorescence scanning to measure the absolute content of complex I, as well as α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, in any preparation. We show that complex I content is 19 ± 1 pmol/mg of protein in the brain mitochondria, whereas varies up to 10-fold in different mouse tissues. Together with the measurements of NADH-dependent specific activity, our method also allows accurate determination of complex I catalytic turnover, which was calculated as 104 min-1 for NADH:ubiquinone reductase in mouse brain mitochondrial preparations. α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex content was determined to be 65 ± 5 and 123 ± 9 pmol/mg protein for mouse brain and bovine heart mitochondria, respectively. Our approach can also be extended to cultured cells, and we demonstrated that about 90 × 103 complex I molecules are present in a single human embryonic kidney 293 cell. The ability to determine complex I content should provide a valuable tool to investigate the enzyme status in samples after in vivo treatment in mutant organisms, cells in culture, or human biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariha Ansari
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Belem Yoval-Sánchez
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zoya Niatsetskaya
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sergey Sosunov
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anna Stepanova
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christian Garcia
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Edward Owusu-Ansah
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vadim Ten
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Galkin
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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20
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Abstract
The susceptibility of the brain to ischaemic injury dramatically limits its viability following interruptions in blood flow. However, data from studies of dissociated cells, tissue specimens, isolated organs and whole bodies have brought into question the temporal limits within which the brain is capable of tolerating prolonged circulatory arrest. This Review assesses cell type-specific mechanisms of global cerebral ischaemia, and examines the circumstances in which the brain exhibits heightened resilience to injury. We suggest strategies for expanding such discoveries to fuel translational research into novel cytoprotective therapies, and describe emerging technologies and experimental concepts. By doing so, we propose a new multimodal framework to investigate brain resuscitation following extended periods of circulatory arrest.
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How Machine Perfusion Ameliorates Hepatic Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147523. [PMID: 34299142 PMCID: PMC8307386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing disparity between the number of patients listed for transplantation and the number of suitable organs has led to the increasing use of extended criteria donors (ECDs). ECDs are at increased risk of developing ischaemia reperfusion injury and greater risk of post-transplant complications. Ischaemia reperfusion injury is a major complication of organ transplantation defined as the inflammatory changes seen following the disruption and restoration of blood flow to an organ—it is a multifactorial process with the potential to cause both local and systemic organ failure. The utilisation of machine perfusion under normothermic (37 degrees Celsius) and hypothermic (4–10 degrees Celsius) has proven to be a significant advancement in organ preservation and restoration. One of the key benefits is its ability to optimise suboptimal organs for successful transplantation. This review is focused on examining ischaemia reperfusion injury and how machine perfusion ameliorates the graft’s response to this.
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22
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Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species by Mitochondria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030415. [PMID: 33803273 PMCID: PMC8001687 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are series of chemical products originated from one or several electron reductions of oxygen. ROS are involved in physiology and disease and can also be both cause and consequence of many biological scenarios. Mitochondria are the main source of ROS in the cell and, particularly, the enzymes in the electron transport chain are the major contributors to this phenomenon. Here, we comprehensively review the modes by which ROS are produced by mitochondria at a molecular level of detail, discuss recent advances in the field involving signalling and disease, and the involvement of supercomplexes in these mechanisms. Given the importance of mitochondrial ROS, we also provide a schematic guide aimed to help in deciphering the mechanisms involved in their production in a variety of physiological and pathological settings.
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23
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Okoye CN, Stevens D, Kamunde C. Modulation of mitochondrial site-specific hydrogen peroxide efflux by exogenous stressors. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 164:439-456. [PMID: 33383085 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) deprivation and metals are common environmental stressors and their exposure to aquatic organisms can induce oxidative stress by disrupting cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Mitochondria are a major source of ROS in the cell wherein a dozen sites located on enzymes of the electron transport system (ETS) and substrate oxidation produce superoxide anion radicals (O2˙‾) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Sites located on ETS enzymes can generate ROS by forward electron transfer (FET) and reverse electron transfer (RET) reactions; however, knowledge of how exogenous stressors modulate site-specific ROS production is limited. We investigated the effects of anoxia-reoxygenation and cadmium (Cd) on H2O2 emission in fish liver mitochondria oxidizing glutamate-malate, succinate or palmitoylcarnitine-malate. We find that anoxia-reoxygenation attenuates H2O2 emission while the effect of Cd depends on the substrate, with monotonic responses for glutamate-malate and palmitoylcarnitine-malate, and a biphasic response for succinate. Anoxia-reoxygenation exerts a substrate-dependent inhibition of mitochondrial respiration which is more severe with palmitoylcarnitine-malate compared with succinate or glutamate-malate. Additionally, specific mitochondrial ROS-emitting sites were sequestered using blockers of electron transfer and the effects of anoxia-reoxygenation and Cd on H2O2 emission were evaluated. Here, we find that site-specific H2O2 emission capacities depend on the substrate and the direction of electron flow. Moreover, anoxia-reoxygenation alters site-specific H2O2 emission rates during succinate and glutamate-malate oxidation whereas Cd imposes monotonic or biphasic H2O2 emission responses depending on the substrate and site. Contrary to our expectation, anoxia-reoxygenation blunts the effect of Cd. These results suggest that the effect of exogenous stressors on mitochondrial oxidant production is governed by their impact on energy conversion reactions and mitochondrial redox poise. Moreover, direct increased ROS production seemingly does not explain the increased adverse effects associated with combined exposure of aquatic organisms to Cd and low dissolved oxygen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie N Okoye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Reproductive Diseases. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Don Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada.
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24
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Panconesi R, Flores Carvalho M, Mueller M, Meierhofer D, Dutkowski P, Muiesan P, Schlegel A. Viability Assessment in Liver Transplantation-What Is the Impact of Dynamic Organ Preservation? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020161. [PMID: 33562406 PMCID: PMC7915925 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the continuous increase of donor risk, with a majority of organs classified as marginal, quality assessment and prediction of liver function is of utmost importance. This is also caused by the notoriously lack of effective replacement of a failing liver by a device or intensive care treatment. While various parameters of liver function and injury are well-known from clinical practice, the majority of specific tests require prolonged diagnostic time and are more difficult to assess ex situ. In addition, viability assessment of procured organs needs time, because the development of the full picture of cellular injury and the initiation of repair processes depends on metabolic active tissue and reoxygenation with full blood over several hours or days. Measuring injury during cold storage preservation is therefore unlikely to predict the viability after transplantation. In contrast, dynamic organ preservation strategies offer a great opportunity to assess organs before implantation through analysis of recirculating perfusates, bile and perfused liver tissue. Accordingly, several parameters targeting hepatocyte or cholangiocyte function or metabolism have been recently suggested as potential viability tests before organ transplantation. We summarize here a current status of respective machine perfusion tests, and report their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Panconesi
- Hepatobiliary Unit, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (R.P.); (M.F.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Mauricio Flores Carvalho
- Hepatobiliary Unit, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (R.P.); (M.F.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Matteo Mueller
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Swiss HPB and Transplant Center, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.M.); (P.D.)
| | - David Meierhofer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Mass Spectrometry Facility, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Philipp Dutkowski
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Swiss HPB and Transplant Center, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Paolo Muiesan
- Hepatobiliary Unit, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (R.P.); (M.F.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Andrea Schlegel
- Hepatobiliary Unit, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (R.P.); (M.F.C.); (P.M.)
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Swiss HPB and Transplant Center, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.M.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Zhang D, Cai G, Liu K, Zhuang Z, Jia K, Pei S, Wang X, Wang H, Xu S, Cui C, Sun M, Guo S, Song W, Cai G. Microglia exosomal miRNA-137 attenuates ischemic brain injury through targeting Notch1. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4079-4095. [PMID: 33461167 PMCID: PMC7906161 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells in the central nervous system and play an essential role in brain homeostasis and neuroprotection in brain diseases. Exosomes are crucial in intercellular communication by transporting bioactive miRNAs. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the function of microglial exosome in the presence of ischemic injury and related mechanism. Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated neurons and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (TMCAO)-treated mice were applied in this study. Western blotting, RT-PCR, RNA-seq, luciferase reporter assay, transmission electron microscope, nanoparticle tracking analysis, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL and LDH assays, and behavioral assay were applied in mechanistic and functional studies. The results demonstrated that exosomes derived from microglia in M2 phenotype (BV2-Exo) were internalized by neurons and attenuated neuronal apoptosis in response to ischemic injury in vitro and in vivo. BV2-Exo also decreased infarct volume and behavioral deficits in ischemic mice. Exosomal miRNA-137 was upregulated in BV2-Exo and participated in the partial neuroprotective effect of BV2-Exo. Furthermore, Notch1 was a directly targeting gene of exosomal miRNA-137. In conclusion, these results suggest that BV2-Exo alleviates ischemia-reperfusion brain injury through transporting exosomal miRNA-137. This study provides novel insight into microglial exosomes-based therapies for the treatment of ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianquan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoliang Cai
- Postdoctoral Research Workstation of Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China.,Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Hanan Branch of Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhe Zhuang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Kunping Jia
- Hanan Branch of Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Siying Pei
- Hanan Branch of Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiuzhen Wang
- Hanan Branch of Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Hanan Branch of Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shengnan Xu
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Cheng Cui
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Manchao Sun
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Sihui Guo
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wenli Song
- Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China
| | - Guofeng Cai
- Hanan Branch of Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China.,Postdoctoral Research Station of Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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26
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Stojakovic A, Trushin S, Sheu A, Khalili L, Chang SY, Li X, Christensen T, Salisbury JL, Geroux RE, Gateno B, Flannery PJ, Dehankar M, Funk CC, Wilkins J, Stepanova A, O'Hagan T, Galkin A, Nesbitt J, Zhu X, Tripathi U, Macura S, Tchkonia T, Pirtskhalava T, Kirkland JL, Kudgus RA, Schoon RA, Reid JM, Yamazaki Y, Kanekiyo T, Zhang S, Nemutlu E, Dzeja P, Jaspersen A, Kwon YIC, Lee MK, Trushina E. Partial inhibition of mitochondrial complex I ameliorates Alzheimer's disease pathology and cognition in APP/PS1 female mice. Commun Biol 2021; 4:61. [PMID: 33420340 PMCID: PMC7794523 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder without a cure. Here we show that mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I is an important small molecule druggable target in AD. Partial inhibition of complex I triggers the AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent signaling network leading to neuroprotection in symptomatic APP/PS1 female mice, a translational model of AD. Treatment of symptomatic APP/PS1 mice with complex I inhibitor improved energy homeostasis, synaptic activity, long-term potentiation, dendritic spine maturation, cognitive function and proteostasis, and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in brain and periphery, ultimately blocking the ongoing neurodegeneration. Therapeutic efficacy in vivo was monitored using translational biomarkers FDG-PET, 31P NMR, and metabolomics. Cross-validation of the mouse and the human transcriptomic data from the NIH Accelerating Medicines Partnership-AD database demonstrated that pathways improved by the treatment in APP/PS1 mice, including the immune system response and neurotransmission, represent mechanisms essential for therapeutic efficacy in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Stojakovic
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Sergey Trushin
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Anthony Sheu
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Layla Khalili
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Su-Youne Chang
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Xing Li
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Trace Christensen
- Microscopy and Cell Analysis Core, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Salisbury
- Microscopy and Cell Analysis Core, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Rachel E Geroux
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Benjamin Gateno
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Padraig J Flannery
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Mrunal Dehankar
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Cory C Funk
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, 98109-5263, USA
| | - Jordan Wilkins
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Anna Stepanova
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, 116th St & Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Tara O'Hagan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, 116th St & Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Alexander Galkin
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, 116th St & Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Jarred Nesbitt
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Xiujuan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Utkarsh Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Slobodan Macura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Tamar Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Tamar Pirtskhalava
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Rachel A Kudgus
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Renee A Schoon
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Joel M Reid
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yu Yamazaki
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Petras Dzeja
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Adam Jaspersen
- Microscopy and Cell Analysis Core, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ye In Christopher Kwon
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Michael K Lee
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Eugenia Trushina
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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27
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Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion protects from mitochondrial injury before liver transplantation. EBioMedicine 2020; 60:103014. [PMID: 32979838 PMCID: PMC7519249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial succinate accumulation has been suggested as key event for ischemia reperfusion injury in mice. No specific data are however available on behavior of liver mitochondria during ex situ machine perfusion in clinical transplant models. METHODS We investigated mitochondrial metabolism of isolated perfused rat livers before transplantation. Livers were exposed to warm and cold ischemia to simulate donation after circulatory death (DCD) and organ transport. Subsequently, livers were perfused with oxygenated Belzer-MPS for 1h, at hypothermic or normothermic conditions. Various experiments were performed with supplemented succinate and/or mitochondrial inhibitors. The perfusate, liver tissues, and isolated mitochondria were analyzed by mass-spectroscopy and fluorimetry. Additionally, rat DCD livers were transplanted after 1h hypothermic or normothermic oxygenated perfusion. In parallel, perfusate samples were analysed during HOPE-treatment of human DCD livers before transplantation. FINDINGS Succinate exposure during rat liver perfusion triggered a dose-dependent release of mitochondrial Flavin-Mononucleotide (FMN) and NADH in perfusates under normothermic conditions. In contrast, perfusate FMN was 3-8 fold lower under hypothermic conditions, suggesting less mitochondrial injury during cold re-oxygenation compared to normothermic conditions. HOPE-treatment induced a mitochondrial reprogramming with uploading of the nucleotide pool and effective succinate metabolism. This resulted in a clear superiority after liver transplantation compared to normothermic perfusion. Finally, the degree of mitochondrial injury during HOPE of human DCD livers, quantified by perfusate FMN and NADH, was predictive for liver function. INTERPRETATION Mitochondrial injury determines outcome of transplanted rodent and human livers. Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion improves mitochondrial function, and allows viability assessment of liver grafts before implantation. FUNDING detailed information can be found in Acknowledgments.
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28
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Sinha T, Naash MI, Al-Ubaidi MR. Flavins Act as a Critical Liaison Between Metabolic Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress in the Retina. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:861. [PMID: 32984341 PMCID: PMC7481326 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Derivatives of the vitamin riboflavin, FAD and FMN, are essential cofactors in a multitude of bio-energetic reactions, indispensable for lipid metabolism and also are requisites in mitigating oxidative stress. Given that a balance between all these processes contributes to the maintenance of retinal homeostasis, effective regulation of riboflavin levels in the retina is paramount. However, various genetic and dietary factors have brought to fore pathological conditions that co-occur with a suboptimal level of flavins in the retina. Our focus in this review is to, comprehensively summarize all the possible metabolic and oxidative reactions which have been implicated in various retinal pathologies and to highlight the contribution flavins may have played in these. Recent research has found a sensitive method of measuring flavins in both diseased and healthy retina, presence of a novel flavin binding protein exclusively expressed in the retina, and the presence of flavin specific transporters in both the inner and outer blood-retina barriers. In light of these exciting findings, it is even more imperative to shift our focus on how the retina regulates its flavin homeostasis and what happens when this is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirthankar Sinha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Muna I Naash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Muayyad R Al-Ubaidi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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29
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Guan X, Zhang H, Qin H, Chen C, Hu Z, Tan J, Zeng L. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated whole genomic wide knockout screening identifies mitochondrial ribosomal proteins involving in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion resistance. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9313-9322. [PMID: 32618081 PMCID: PMC7417733 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recanalization therapy by intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular therapy is critical for the treatment of cerebral infarction. However, the recanalization treatment will also exacerbate acute brain injury and even severely threatens human life due to the reperfusion injury. So far, the underlying mechanisms for cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury are poorly understood and effective therapeutic interventions are yet to be discovered. Therefore, in the research, we subjected SK-N-BE(2) cells to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGDR) insult and performed a pooled genome-wide CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) knockout screen to discover new potential therapeutic targets for cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury. We used Metascape to identify candidate genes which might involve in OGDR resistance. We found that the genes contributed to OGDR resistance were primarily involved in neutrophil degranulation, mitochondrial translation, and regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process and response to oxidative stress. We then knocked down some of the identified candidate genes individually. We demonstrated that MRPL19, MRPL32, MRPL52 and MRPL51 inhibition increased cell viability and attenuated OGDR-induced apoptosis. We also demonstrated that OGDR down-regulated the expression of MRPL19 and MRPL51 protein. Taken together, our data suggest that genome-scale screening with Cas9 is a reliable tool to analyse the cellular systems that respond to OGDR injury. MRPL19 and MRPL51 contribute to OGDR resistance and are supposed to be promising targets for the treatment of cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Guan
- Center for Medical GeneticsSchool of Life SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical GeneticsCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Model for Human DiseasesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Hainan Zhang
- Department of NeurologySecond Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Haiyun Qin
- Department of NeurologySecond Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Chunli Chen
- Department of NeurologySecond Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of NeurologySecond Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Center for Medical GeneticsSchool of Life SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical GeneticsCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Model for Human DiseasesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Liuwang Zeng
- Department of NeurologySecond Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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30
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Verkhovskaya M, Belevich N. Fluorescent signals associated with respiratory Complex I revealed conformational changes in the catalytic site. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 366:5530755. [PMID: 31291453 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent signals associated with Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase type I) upon its reduction by NADH without added acceptors and upon NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreduction were studied. Two Complex I-associated redox-dependent signals were observed: with maximum emission at 400 nm (λex = 320 nm) and 526 nm (λex = 450 nm). The 400 nm signal derived from ubiquinol accumulated in Complex I/DDM (n-dodecyl β-D-maltopyranoside) micelles. The 526 nm redox signal unexpectedly derives mainly from FMN (flavin mononucleotide), whose fluorescence in oxidized protein is fully quenched, but arises transiently upon reduction of Complex I by NADH. The paradoxical flare-up of FMN fluorescence is discussed in terms of conformational changes in the catalytic site upon NADH binding. The difficulties in revealing semiquinone fluorescent signal are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Verkhovskaya
- Institute of Biotechnology, PO Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1) FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nikolai Belevich
- Institute of Biotechnology, PO Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1) FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
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31
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Zuurbier CJ, Bertrand L, Beauloye CR, Andreadou I, Ruiz‐Meana M, Jespersen NR, Kula‐Alwar D, Prag HA, Eric Botker H, Dambrova M, Montessuit C, Kaambre T, Liepinsh E, Brookes PS, Krieg T. Cardiac metabolism as a driver and therapeutic target of myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5937-5954. [PMID: 32384583 PMCID: PMC7294140 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing infarct size during a cardiac ischaemic-reperfusion episode is still of paramount importance, because the extension of myocardial necrosis is an important risk factor for developing heart failure. Cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is in principle a metabolic pathology as it is caused by abruptly halted metabolism during the ischaemic episode and exacerbated by sudden restart of specific metabolic pathways at reperfusion. It should therefore not come as a surprise that therapy directed at metabolic pathways can modulate IRI. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of important metabolic pathways as therapeutic targets to combat cardiac IRI. Activating metabolic pathways such as glycolysis (eg AMPK activators), glucose oxidation (activating pyruvate dehydrogenase complex), ketone oxidation (increasing ketone plasma levels), hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (O-GlcNAcylation; administration of glucosamine/glutamine) and deacetylation (activating sirtuins 1 or 3; administration of NAD+ -boosting compounds) all seem to hold promise to reduce acute IRI. In contrast, some metabolic pathways may offer protection through diminished activity. These pathways comprise the malate-aspartate shuttle (in need of novel specific reversible inhibitors), mitochondrial oxygen consumption, fatty acid oxidation (CD36 inhibitors, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase inhibitors) and mitochondrial succinate metabolism (malonate). Additionally, protecting the cristae structure of the mitochondria during IR, by maintaining the association of hexokinase II or creatine kinase with mitochondria, or inhibiting destabilization of FO F1 -ATPase dimers, prevents mitochondrial damage and thereby reduces cardiac IRI. Currently, the most promising and druggable metabolic therapy against cardiac IRI seems to be the singular or combined targeting of glycolysis, O-GlcNAcylation and metabolism of ketones, fatty acids and succinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coert J. Zuurbier
- Department of AnesthesiologyLaboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and AnesthesiologyAmsterdam Infection & ImmunityAmsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et CliniquePole of Cardiovascular ResearchUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Christoph R. Beauloye
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et CliniquePole of Cardiovascular ResearchUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucBrusselsBelgium
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of PharmacologyFaculty of PharmacyNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Marisol Ruiz‐Meana
- Department of CardiologyHospital Universitari Vall d’HebronVall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR)CIBER‐CVUniversitat Autonoma de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red‐CVMadridSpain
| | | | | | - Hiran A. Prag
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Hans Eric Botker
- Department of CardiologyAarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Pharmaceutical PharmacologyLatvian Institute of Organic SynthesisRigaLatvia
| | - Christophe Montessuit
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyUniversity of Geneva School of MedicineGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Chemical BiologyNational Institute of Chemical Physics and BiophysicsTallinnEstonia
| | - Edgars Liepinsh
- Pharmaceutical PharmacologyLatvian Institute of Organic SynthesisRigaLatvia
| | - Paul S. Brookes
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Cellular mechanisms of complex I-associated pathology. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1963-1969. [PMID: 31769488 DOI: 10.1042/bst20191042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria control vitally important functions in cells, including energy production, cell signalling and regulation of cell death. Considering this, any alteration in mitochondrial metabolism would lead to cellular dysfunction and the development of a disease. A large proportion of disorders associated with mitochondria are induced by mutations or chemical inhibition of the mitochondrial complex I - the entry point to the electron transport chain. Subunits of the enzyme NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase, are encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA and mutations in these genes lead to cardio and muscular pathologies and diseases of the central nervous system. Despite such a clear involvement of complex I deficiency in numerous disorders, the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to the development of pathology are not very clear. In this review, we summarise how lack of activity of complex I could differentially change mitochondrial and cellular functions and how these changes could lead to a pathology, following discrete routes.
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Respiratory complex I - Mechanistic insights and advances in structure determination. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148153. [PMID: 31935361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Complex I is the largest and most intricate redox-driven proton pump of the respiratory chain. The structure of bacterial and mitochondrial complex I has been determined by X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM at increasing resolution. The recent cryo-EM structures of the complex I-like NDH complex and membrane bound hydrogenase open a new and more comprehensive perspective on the complex I superfamily. Functional studies and molecular modeling approaches have greatly advanced our understanding of the catalytic cycle of complex I. However, the molecular mechanism by which energy is extracted from the redox reaction and utilized to drive proton translocation is unresolved and a matter of ongoing debate. Here, we review progress in structure determination and functional characterization of complex I and discuss current mechanistic models.
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Stepanova A, Galkin A. Measurement of mitochondrial H 2O 2 production under varying O 2 tensions. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 155:273-293. [PMID: 32183962 PMCID: PMC9897472 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the development of several pathologies and are also involved in physiological signaling. Molecular oxygen is the direct substrate of complex IV of the respiratory chain, and at the same time, its partial reduction in mitochondria results in the formation of ROS, mainly H2O2. The accurate knowledge of the dependence of H2O2 production on oxygen concentration is vital for the studies of tissue ischemia/reperfusion, where the relationship between oxygen availability, respiration, and ROS production is critical. In this chapter, we describe a straightforward and reliable protocol for the assessment of H2O2 release by mitochondria at varying oxygen concentrations. This method can be used for any ROS-generating system where the effect of oxygen level on H2O2 production needs to be assessed.
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Galkin A. Brain Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Mitochondrial Complex I Damage. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2019; 84:1411-1423. [PMID: 31760927 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919110154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy are two of the leading causes of disability in adults and infants. The energy demands of the brain are provided by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) affects the production of ATP in brain mitochondria, leading to energy failure and death of the affected tissue. Among the enzymes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, mitochondrial complex I is the most sensitive to I/R; however, the mechanisms of its inhibition are poorly understood. This article reviews some of the existing data on the mitochondria impairment during I/R and proposes two distinct mechanisms of complex I damage emerging from recent studies. One mechanism is a reversible dissociation of natural flavin mononucleotide cofactor from the enzyme I after ischemia. Another mechanism is a modification of critical cysteine residue of complex I involved into the active/deactive conformational transition of the enzyme. I describe potential effects of these two processes in the development of mitochondrial I/R injury and briefly discuss possible neuroprotective strategies to ameliorate I/R brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Galkin
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University William Black Building, NY 10032, New York, USA.
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36
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Ten V, Galkin A. Mechanism of mitochondrial complex I damage in brain ischemia/reperfusion injury. A hypothesis. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 100:103408. [PMID: 31494262 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to integrate available data on the effect of brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) on mitochondrial complex I. Complex I is a key component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and it is the only enzyme responsible for regenerating NAD+ for the maintenance of energy metabolism. The vulnerability of brain complex I to I/R injury has been observed in multiple animal models, but the mechanisms of enzyme damage have not been studied. This review summarizes old and new data on the effect of cerebral I/R on mitochondrial complex I, focusing on a recently discovered mechanism of the enzyme impairment. We found that the loss of the natural cofactor flavin mononucleotide (FMN) by complex I takes place after brain I/R. Reduced FMN dissociates from the enzyme if complex I is maintained under conditions of reverse electron transfer when mitochondria oxidize succinate accumulated during ischemia. The potential role of this process in the development of mitochondrial I/R damage in the brain is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Ten
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, William Black Building, 650 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Alexander Galkin
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, William Black Building, 650 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States of America.
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SOD2 Mediates Curcumin-Induced Protection against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation Injury in HT22 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2160642. [PMID: 31662771 PMCID: PMC6791267 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2160642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (Cur) induces neuroprotection against brain ischemic injury; however, the mechanism is still obscure. The aim of this study is to explore the potential neuroprotective mechanism of curcumin against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury in HT22 cells and investigate whether type-2 superoxide dismutase (SOD2) is involved in the curcumin-induced protection. In the present study, HT22 neuronal cells were treated with 3 h OGD plus 24 h reoxygenation to mimic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Compared with the normal cultured control group, OGD/R treatment reduced cell viability and SOD2 expression, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial complex I activity, damaged cell morphology, and increased lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release, cell apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial superoxide (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, coadministration of 100 ng/ml curcumin reduced the cell injury and apoptosis, inhibited intracellular ROS and mitochondrial superoxide accumulation, and ameliorated intracellular SOD2, cell morphology, MMP, and mitochondrial complex I activity. Downregulating the SOD2 expression by using siRNA, however, significantly reversed the curcumin-induced cytoprotection (P < 0.05). These findings indicated that curcumin induces protection against OGD/R injury in HT22 cells, and SOD2 protein may mediate the protection.
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Stepanova A, Sosunov S, Niatsetskaya Z, Konrad C, Starkov AA, Manfredi G, Wittig I, Ten V, Galkin A. Redox-Dependent Loss of Flavin by Mitochondrial Complex I in Brain Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:608-622. [PMID: 31037949 PMCID: PMC6657304 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is associated with impairment of mitochondrial function. However, the mechanisms of mitochondrial failure are not fully understood. This work was undertaken to determine the mechanisms and time course of mitochondrial energy dysfunction after reperfusion following neonatal brain hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in mice. Results: HI/reperfusion decreased the activity of mitochondrial complex I, which was recovered after 30 min of reperfusion and then declined again after 1 h. Decreased complex I activity occurred in parallel with a loss in the content of noncovalently bound membrane flavin mononucleotide (FMN). FMN dissociation from the enzyme is caused by succinate-supported reverse electron transfer. Administration of FMN precursor riboflavin before HI/reperfusion was associated with decreased infarct volume, attenuation of neurological deficit, and preserved complex I activity compared with vehicle-treated mice. In vitro, the rate of FMN release during oxidation of succinate was not affected by the oxygen level and amount of endogenously produced reactive oxygen species. Innovation: Our data suggest that dissociation of FMN from mitochondrial complex I may represent a novel mechanism of enzyme inhibition defining respiratory chain failure in I/R. Strategies preventing FMN release during HI and reperfusion may limit the extent of energy failure and cerebral HI injury. The proposed mechanism of acute I/R-induced complex I impairment is distinct from the generally accepted mechanism of oxidative stress-mediated I/R injury. Conclusion: Our study is the first to highlight a critical role of mitochondrial complex I-FMN dissociation in the development of HI-reperfusion injury of the neonatal brain. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 31, 608-622.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stepanova
- 1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Sergey Sosunov
- 1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Zoya Niatsetskaya
- 1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Csaba Konrad
- 2Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Anatoly A Starkov
- 2Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- 2Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ilka Wittig
- 3Functional Proteomics, SFB815 Core Unit, Medical School, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,4German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Vadim Ten
- 1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Alexander Galkin
- 1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Stepanova A, Konrad C, Guerrero-Castillo S, Manfredi G, Vannucci S, Arnold S, Galkin A. Deactivation of mitochondrial complex I after hypoxia-ischemia in the immature brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:1790-1802. [PMID: 29629602 PMCID: PMC6727140 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18770331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mortality from perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury reached 1.15 million worldwide in 2010 and is also a major factor for neurological disability in infants. HI directly influences the oxidative phosphorylation enzyme complexes in mitochondria, but the exact mechanism of HI-reoxygenation response in brain remains largely unresolved. After induction of HI-reoxygenation in postnatal day 10 rats, activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes were analysed and complexome profiling was performed. The effect of conformational state (active/deactive (A/D) transition) of mitochondrial complex I on H2O2 release was measured simultaneously with mitochondrial oxygen consumption. In contrast to cytochrome c oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase, HI-reoxygenation resulted in inhibition of mitochondrial complex I at 4 h after reoxygenation. Immediately after HI, we observed a robust increase in the content of deactive (D) form of complex I. The D-form is less active in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via reversed electron transfer, indicating the key role of the deactivation of complex I in ischemia/reoxygenation. We describe a novel mechanism of mitochondrial response to ischemia in the immature brain. HI induced a deactivation of complex I in order to reduce ROS production following reoxygenation. Delayed activation of complex I represents a novel mitochondrial target for pathological-activated therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stepanova
- 1 School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK.,2 Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Csaba Konrad
- 2 Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergio Guerrero-Castillo
- 3 Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- 2 Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Vannucci
- 4 Department of Pediatrics/Newborn Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susanne Arnold
- 3 Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Galkin
- 1 School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK.,2 Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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40
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Physiologic Implications of Reactive Oxygen Species Production by Mitochondrial Complex I Reverse Electron Transport. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080285. [PMID: 31390791 PMCID: PMC6719910 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be either detrimental or beneficial depending on the amount, duration, and location of their production. Mitochondrial complex I is a component of the electron transport chain and transfers electrons from NADH to ubiquinone. Complex I is also a source of ROS production. Under certain thermodynamic conditions, electron transfer can reverse direction and reduce oxygen at complex I to generate ROS. Conditions that favor this reverse electron transport (RET) include highly reduced ubiquinone pools, high mitochondrial membrane potential, and accumulated metabolic substrates. Historically, complex I RET was associated with pathological conditions, causing oxidative stress. However, recent evidence suggests that ROS generation by complex I RET contributes to signaling events in cells and organisms. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that the impact of complex I RET, either beneficial or detrimental, can be determined by the timing and quantity of ROS production. In this article we review the role of site-specific ROS production at complex I in the contexts of pathology and physiologic signaling.
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41
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Martín-Maestro P, Sproul A, Martinez H, Paquet D, Gerges M, Noggle S, Starkov AA. Autophagy Induction by Bexarotene Promotes Mitophagy in Presenilin 1 Familial Alzheimer's Disease iPSC-Derived Neural Stem Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8220-8236. [PMID: 31203573 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis defects have been demonstrated in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The neurogenesis impairment is an early critical event in the course of familiar AD (FAD) associated with neuronal loss. It was suggested that neurologic dysfunction in AD may be caused by impaired functioning of hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs). Multiple metabolic and structural abnormalities in neural mitochondria have long been suspected to play a critical role in AD pathophysiology. We hypothesize that the cause of such abnormalities could be defective elimination of damaged mitochondria. In the present study, we evaluated mitophagy efficacy in a cellular AD model, hiPSC-derived NSCs harboring the FAD-associated PS1 M146L mutation. We found several mitochondrial respiratory chain defects such as lower expression levels of cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), cytochrome c reductase (complex III), succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), NADH:CoQ reductase (complex I), and also ATP synthase (complex V), most of which had been previously associated with AD. The mitochondrial network morphology and abundance in these cells was aberrant. This was associated with a marked mitophagy failure stemming from autophagy induction blockage, and deregulation of the expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics. We show that treating these cells with autophagy-stimulating drug bexarotene restored autophagy and compensated mitochondrial anomalies in PS1 M146L NSCs, by enhancing the clearance of mitochondria. Our data support the hypothesis that pharmacologically induced mitophagy enhancement is a relevant and novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Sproul
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Dominik Paquet
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Meri Gerges
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott Noggle
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anatoly A Starkov
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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42
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Stepanova A, Konrad C, Manfredi G, Springett R, Ten V, Galkin A. The dependence of brain mitochondria reactive oxygen species production on oxygen level is linear, except when inhibited by antimycin A. J Neurochem 2019; 148:731-745. [PMID: 30582748 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of physiological mitochondrial metabolism that are involved in several cellular signaling pathways as well as tissue injury and pathophysiological processes, including brain ischemia/reperfusion injury. The mitochondrial respiratory chain is considered a major source of ROS; however, there is little agreement on how ROS release depends on oxygen concentration. The rate of H2 O2 release by intact brain mitochondria was measured with an Amplex UltraRed assay using a high-resolution respirometer (Oroboros) equipped with a fluorescent optical module and a system of controlled gas flow for varying the oxygen concentration. Three types of substrates were used: malate and pyruvate, succinate and glutamate, succinate alone or glycerol 3-phosphate. For the first time we determined that, with any substrate used in the absence of inhibitors, H2 O2 release by respiring brain mitochondria is linearly dependent on the oxygen concentration. We found that the highest rate of H2 O2 release occurs in conditions of reverse electron transfer when mitochondria oxidize succinate or glycerol 3-phosphate. H2 O2 production by complex III is significant only in the presence of antimycin A and, in this case, the oxygen dependence manifested mixed (linear and hyperbolic) kinetics. We also demonstrated that complex II in brain mitochondria could contribute to ROS generation even in the absence of its substrate succinate when the quinone pool is reduced by glycerol 3-phosphate. Our results underscore the critical importance of reverse electron transfer in the brain, where a significant amount of succinate can be accumulated during ischemia providing a backflow of electrons to complex I at the early stages of reperfusion. Our study also demonstrates that ROS generation in brain mitochondria is lower under hypoxic conditions than in normoxia. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stepanova
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Csaba Konrad
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roger Springett
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence London, London, UK
| | - Vadim Ten
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Galkin
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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43
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Larosa V, Remacle C. Insights into the respiratory chain and oxidative stress. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171492. [PMID: 30201689 PMCID: PMC6167499 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive reduced oxygen molecules that result from aerobic metabolism. The common forms are the superoxide anion (O2∙-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and their derived forms, hydroxyl radical (HO∙) and hydroperoxyl radical (HOO∙). Their production sites in mitochondria are reviewed. Even though being highly toxic products, ROS seem important in transducing information from dysfunctional mitochondria. Evidences of signal transduction mediated by ROS in mitochondrial deficiency contexts are then presented in different organisms such as yeast, mammals or photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Larosa
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, UR InBios/Phytosystems, Chemin de la Vallée, 4, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Claire Remacle
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, UR InBios/Phytosystems, Chemin de la Vallée, 4, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
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44
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Nur77 promotes cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via activating INF2-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation. J Mol Histol 2018; 49:599-613. [PMID: 30298449 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fragmentation drastically regulates mitochondrial homeostasis in brain illness. However, the role of mitochondrial fragmentation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury remains unclear. Nur77, a regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis, is associated with heart and liver IR injury, but its effects on mitochondrial function in cerebral IR injury has not been studied intensively. The aim of our study is to explore whether cerebral IR injury is modulated by Nur77 via modification of mitochondrial homeostasis. Our results indicated that Nur77 was upregulated in reperfused brain tissues. Genetic ablation of Nur77 reduced infarction area and promoted neuron survival under IR burden. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that Nur77 deletion protected mitochondrial function, attenuated mitochondrial oxidative stress, preserved mitochondrial potential, and blocked mitochondria-related cell apoptosis. In addition, we illustrated that Nur77 mediated mitochondrial damage via evoking mitochondrial fragmentation that occurred through increased mitochondrial fission and decreased fusion. Besides, our results also demonstrated that Nur77 controlled mitochondrial fragmentation via upregulating INF2 in a manner dependent on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway; inhibition of the Wnt pathway abrogated the protective effect of Nur77 deletion on reperfused-mediated neurons. Altogether, our study highlights that the pathogenesis of cerebral IR injury is associated with Nur77 activation followed by augmented mitochondrial fragmentation via an abnormal Wnt/β-catenin/INF2 pathway. Accordingly, Nur77-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation and the Wnt/β-catenin/INF2 axis may represent novel therapeutic targets to reduce cerebral IR injury.
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45
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Zhang Z, Yu J. Nurr1 exacerbates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via modulating YAP-INF2-mitochondrial fission pathways. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 104:149-160. [PMID: 30267803 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nurr1, a nuclear transcription factor, has been linked to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in heart and kidney via modulating mitochondrial homeostasis. However, its role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion has not been defined. In the present study, we found that cerebral IRI significantly increased the expression of Nurr1 and genetic ablation of Nurr1 attenuated the infarction area and reduced the neuron apoptosis under brain IRI burden. Functional studies have demonstrated that Nurr1 induced neuron death via activating mitochondrial fission. Aberrant mitochondrial fission promoted mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, evoked cellular oxidative stress and activated caspase-9-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Interestingly, Nurr1 deletion alleviated fission-mediated mitochondrial damage, sustaining mitochondrial homeostasis and favoring neuron survival. Further, we found that Nurr1 deletion modulated mitochondrial fission via preventing INF2 upregulation in a manner dependent on YAP pathways. Either pharmacological blockade of YAP pathway or overexpression of INF2 abrogated the inhibitory effect of Nurr1 deletion on mitochondrial fission, leading to neuron death via mitochondrial apoptosis. Altogether, our results report that the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is associated with Nurr1 upregulation followed by augmented mitochondrial fission via an abnormal YAP-INF2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jianbai Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China.
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Kim M, Stepanova A, Niatsetskaya Z, Sosunov S, Arndt S, Murphy MP, Galkin A, Ten VS. Attenuation of oxidative damage by targeting mitochondrial complex I in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:517-524. [PMID: 30037775 PMCID: PMC6389362 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establishing sustained reoxygenation/reperfusion ensures not only the recovery, but may initiate a reperfusion injury in which oxidative stress plays a major role. This study offers the mechanism and this mechanism-specific therapeutic strategy against excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with reperfusion-driven recovery of mitochondrial metabolism. AIMS AND METHODS In neonatal mice subjected to cerebral hypoxia-ischaemia (HI) and reperfusion, we examined conformational changes and activity of mitochondrial complex I with and without post-HI administration of S-nitrosating agent, MitoSNO. Assessment of mitochondrial ROS production, oxidative brain damage, neuropathological and neurofunctional outcomes were used to define neuroprotective strength of MitoSNO. A specificity of reperfusion-driven mitochondrial ROS production to conformational changes in complex I was examined in-vitro. RESULTS HI deactivated complex I, changing its conformation from active form (A) into the catalytically dormant, de-active form (D). Reperfusion rapidly converted the D-form into the A-form and increased ROS generation. Administration of MitoSNO at the onset of reperfusion, decelerated D→A transition of complex I, attenuated oxidative stress, and significantly improved neurological recovery. In cultured neurons, after simulated ischaemia-reperfusion injury, MitoSNO significantly reduced ROS generation and neuronal mortality. In isolated mitochondria subjected to anoxia-reoxygenation, MitoSNO restricted ROS release during D→A transitions. CONCLUSION Rapid D→A conformation in response to reperfusion reactivates complex I. This is essential not only for metabolic recovery, but also contributes to excessive release of mitochondrial ROS and reperfusion injury. We propose that the initiation of reperfusion should be followed by pharmacologically-controlled gradual reactivation of complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minso Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Anna Stepanova
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, NY, USA; School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - Zoya Niatsetskaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Sergey Sosunov
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Sabine Arndt
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander Galkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, NY, USA; School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, UK.
| | - Vadim S Ten
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, NY, USA.
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Grivennikova VG, Kareyeva AV, Vinogradov AD. Oxygen-dependence of mitochondrial ROS production as detected by Amplex Red assay. Redox Biol 2018; 17:192-199. [PMID: 29702406 PMCID: PMC6007170 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The initial rates of superoxide plus hydrogen peroxide (ROS) generation by intact or permeabilized rat heart mitochondria and coupled inside-out bovine heart submitochondrial particles (SMP) oxidizing NAD-dependent substrates, NADH, and succinate were measured by detecting resorufin formation in the Amplex Red assay at various oxygen concentrations. Linear dependences of the initial rates on oxygen concentration within the range of ~125-750 μM were found for all significant mitochondrial generators, i.e. the respiratory complexes and ammonium-stimulated dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. At lower oxygen concentrations upon its decrease from air saturation level to zero, the time-course of resorufin formation by SMP catalyzing coupled oxidation of succinate (the total ROS production by respiratory complexes II and III and by the reverse electron transfer (RET)-mediated by complex I) also corresponds to the linear dependence on oxygen with the same first-order rate constant determined in the initial rate studies. Prolonged incubation of SMP generating succinate-supported complex I-mediated ROS affected neither their NADH oxidase nor ROS generating activity. In contrast to SMP significant deviation from the first-order oxygen dependence in the time-course kinetics during coupled oxidation of succinate by intact mitochondria was evident. Complex I catalyzes the NADH:resorufin oxidoreductase reaction resulting in formation of colorless reduced resorufin. Hydrogen peroxide oxidizes reduced resorufin in the presence of peroxidase, thus showing its dihydroresorufin peroxidase activity. Combined NADH:resorufin reductase and dihydroresorufin peroxidase activities result in underestimation of the amount of hydrogen peroxide generated by mitochondria. We conclude that only initial rates of the mitochondrial ROS production, not the amount of resorufin accumulated, should be taken as the reliable measure of the mitochondrial ROS-generating activity, because of the cycling of the oxidized and reduced resorufin during Amplex Red assays fed by NADH and other possible reductant(s) present in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera G Grivennikova
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra V Kareyeva
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei D Vinogradov
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation.
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Kahl A, Stepanova A, Konrad C, Anderson C, Manfredi G, Zhou P, Iadecola C, Galkin A. Critical Role of Flavin and Glutathione in Complex I-Mediated Bioenergetic Failure in Brain Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Stroke 2018; 49:1223-1231. [PMID: 29643256 PMCID: PMC5916474 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.019687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose— Ischemic brain injury is characterized by 2 temporally distinct but interrelated phases: ischemia (primary energy failure) and reperfusion (secondary energy failure). Loss of cerebral blood flow leads to decreased oxygen levels and energy crisis in the ischemic area, initiating a sequence of pathophysiological events that after reoxygenation lead to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) brain damage. Mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress are known to be early events in I/R injury. However, the biochemical mechanisms of mitochondria damage in I/R are not completely understood. Methods— We used a mouse model of transient focal cerebral ischemia to investigate acute I/R-induced changes of mitochondrial function, focusing on mechanisms of primary and secondary energy failure. Results— Ischemia induced a reversible loss of flavin mononucleotide from mitochondrial complex I leading to a transient decrease in its enzymatic activity, which is rapidly reversed on reoxygenation. Reestablishing blood flow led to a reversible oxidative modification of mitochondrial complex I thiol residues and inhibition of the enzyme. Administration of glutathione-ethyl ester at the onset of reperfusion prevented the decline of complex I activity and was associated with smaller infarct size and improved neurological outcome, suggesting that decreased oxidation of complex I thiols during I/R-induced oxidative stress may contribute to the neuroprotective effect of glutathione ester. Conclusions— Our results unveil a key role of mitochondrial complex I in the development of I/R brain injury and provide the mechanistic basis for the well-established mitochondrial dysfunction caused by I/R. Targeting the functional integrity of complex I in the early phase of reperfusion may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent tissue injury after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kahl
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.K., A.S., C.K., C.A., G.M., P.Z., C.I., A.G.)
| | - Anna Stepanova
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.K., A.S., C.K., C.A., G.M., P.Z., C.I., A.G.).,School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom (A.S., A.G.)
| | - Csaba Konrad
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.K., A.S., C.K., C.A., G.M., P.Z., C.I., A.G.)
| | - Corey Anderson
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.K., A.S., C.K., C.A., G.M., P.Z., C.I., A.G.)
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.K., A.S., C.K., C.A., G.M., P.Z., C.I., A.G.)
| | - Ping Zhou
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.K., A.S., C.K., C.A., G.M., P.Z., C.I., A.G.)
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.K., A.S., C.K., C.A., G.M., P.Z., C.I., A.G.)
| | - Alexander Galkin
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.K., A.S., C.K., C.A., G.M., P.Z., C.I., A.G.).,School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom (A.S., A.G.)
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Berry BJ, Trewin AJ, Amitrano AM, Kim M, Wojtovich AP. Use the Protonmotive Force: Mitochondrial Uncoupling and Reactive Oxygen Species. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3873-3891. [PMID: 29626541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration results in an electrochemical proton gradient, or protonmotive force (pmf), across the mitochondrial inner membrane. The pmf is a form of potential energy consisting of charge (∆ψm) and chemical (∆pH) components, that together drive ATP production. In a process called uncoupling, proton leak into the mitochondrial matrix independent of ATP production dissipates the pmf and energy is lost as heat. Other events can directly dissipate the pmf independent of ATP production as well, such as chemical exposure or mechanisms involving regulated mitochondrial membrane electrolyte transport. Uncoupling has defined roles in metabolic plasticity and can be linked through signal transduction to physiologic events. In the latter case, the pmf impacts mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Although capable of molecular damage, ROS also have signaling properties that depend on the timing, location, and quantity of their production. In this review, we provide a general overview of mitochondrial ROS production, mechanisms of uncoupling, and how these work in tandem to affect physiology and pathologies, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, and immunity. Overall, we highlight that isolated bioenergetic models-mitochondria and cells-only partially recapitulate the complex link between the pmf and ROS signaling that occurs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Berry
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 711/604, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Adam J Trewin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 711/604, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Andrea M Amitrano
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 609, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 609, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 711/604, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 609, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 609, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Andrew P Wojtovich
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 711/604, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 711/604, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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