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Mairinger S, Jackwerth M, Chalampalakis Z, Rausch I, Weber M, Wölfl-Duchek M, Pracher L, Nics L, Pahnke J, Langsteger W, Hacker M, Zeitlinger M, Langer O. First-in-human evaluation of 6-bromo-7-[ 11C]methylpurine, a PET tracer for assessing the function of multidrug resistance-associated proteins in different tissues. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024:10.1007/s00259-024-06851-2. [PMID: 39060376 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06851-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) is a transport protein with a widespread tissue distribution, which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's and chronic respiratory disease. PET with 6-bromo-7-[11C]methylpurine ([11C]BMP) has been used to measure MRP1 function in rodents. In this study, [11C]BMP was for the first time characterised in humans to assess the function of MRP1 and other MRP subtypes in different tissues. METHODS Thirteen healthy volunteers (7 men, 6 women) underwent dynamic whole-body PET scans on a long axial field-of-view (LAFOV) PET/CT system after intravenous injection of [11C]BMP. Three subjects of each sex were scanned a second time to assess reproducibility. Volumes of interest were outlined for MRP-expressing tissues (cerebral cortex, cerebellum, choroid plexus, retina, lungs, myocardium, kidneys, and liver). From the time-activity curves, the elimination rate constant (kE, h- 1) was derived as a parameter for tissue MRP function and its test-retest variability (TRTV, %) was calculated. Radiation dosimetry was calculated using the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) methodology. RESULTS Mean kE and corresponding TRTV values were: cerebral cortex: 0.055 ± 0.010 h- 1 (- 4 ± 24%), cerebellum: 0.033 ± 0.009 h- 1 (1 ± 39%), choroid plexus: 0.292 ± 0.059 h- 1 (0.1 ± 16%), retina: 0.234 ± 0.045 h- 1 (30 ± 38%), lungs: 0.875 ± 0.095 h- 1 (- 3 ± 11%), myocardium: 0.641 ± 0.105 h- 1 (11 ± 25%), kidneys: 1.378 ± 0.266 h- 1 (14 ± 16%), and liver: 0.685 ± 0.072 h- 1 (7 ± 9%). Significant sex differences were found for kE in the cerebellum, lungs and kidneys. Effective dose was 4.67 ± 0.18 µSv/MBq for men and 4.55 ± 0.18 µSv/MBq for women. CONCLUSION LAFOV PET/CT with [11C]BMP potentially allows for simultaneous assessment of MRP function in multiple human tissues. Mean TRTV of kE in different tissues was in an acceptable range, except for the retina. The radiation dosimetry of [11C]BMP was in the typical range of 11C-tracers. LAFOV PET/CT holds great potential to assess at a whole-body, multi-tissue level molecular targets relevant for drug disposition in humans. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT 2021-006348-29. Registered 15 December 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin Mairinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Jackwerth
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zacharias Chalampalakis
- QIMP Team, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivo Rausch
- QIMP Team, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Weber
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Wölfl-Duchek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Pracher
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Nics
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology, Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine (INUM) and Lübeck Institute of Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Georg S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Werner Langsteger
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Loeffler DA. Enhancing of cerebral Abeta clearance by modulation of ABC transporter expression: a review of experimental approaches. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1368200. [PMID: 38872626 PMCID: PMC11170721 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1368200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Clearance of amyloid-beta (Aβ) from the brain is impaired in both early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mechanisms for clearing cerebral Aβ include proteolytic degradation, antibody-mediated clearance, blood brain barrier and blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier efflux, glymphatic drainage, and perivascular drainage. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are membrane efflux pumps driven by ATP hydrolysis. Their functions include maintenance of brain homeostasis by removing toxic peptides and compounds, and transport of bioactive molecules including cholesterol. Some ABC transporters contribute to lowering of cerebral Aβ. Mechanisms suggested for ABC transporter-mediated lowering of brain Aβ, in addition to exporting of Aβ across the blood brain and blood cerebrospinal fluid barriers, include apolipoprotein E lipidation, microglial activation, decreased amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein, and restricting the entrance of Aβ into the brain. The ABC transporter superfamily in humans includes 49 proteins, eight of which have been suggested to reduce cerebral Aβ levels. This review discusses experimental approaches for increasing the expression of these ABC transporters, clinical applications of these approaches, changes in the expression and/or activity of these transporters in AD and transgenic mouse models of AD, and findings in the few clinical trials which have examined the effects of these approaches in patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment. The possibility that therapeutic upregulation of ABC transporters which promote clearance of cerebral Aβ may slow the clinical progression of AD merits further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Loeffler
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Research Institute, Corewell Health, Royal Oak, MI, United States
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Mairinger S, Jackwerth M, Soukup O, Blaickner M, Decristoforo C, Nics L, Pahnke J, Hacker M, Zeitlinger M, Langer O. Advancing 6-bromo-7-[ 11C]methylpurine to clinical use: improved regioselective radiosynthesis, non-clinical toxicity data and human dosimetry estimates. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:34. [PMID: 38683266 PMCID: PMC11058743 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 6-Bromo-7-[11C]methylpurine ([11C]BMP) is a radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET) to measure multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) transport activity in different tissues. Previously reported radiosyntheses of [11C]BMP afforded a mixture of 7- and 9-[11C]methyl regioisomers. To prepare for clinical use, we here report an improved regioselective radiosynthesis of [11C]BMP, the results of a non-clinical toxicity study as well as human dosimetry estimates based on mouse PET data. RESULTS [11C]BMP was synthesised by regioselective N7-methylation of 6-bromo-7H-purine (prepared under good manufacturing practice) with [11C]methyl triflate in presence of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine magnesium chloride in a TRACERlab™ FX2 C synthesis module. [11C]BMP was obtained within a total synthesis time of approximately 43 min in a decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 20.5 ± 5.2%, based on starting [11C]methyl iodide, with a radiochemical purity > 99% and a molar activity at end of synthesis of 197 ± 130 GBq/μmol (n = 28). An extended single-dose toxicity study conducted in male and female Wistar rats under good laboratory practice after single intravenous (i.v.) administration of unlabelled BMP (2 mg/kg body weight) revealed no test item related adverse effects. Human dosimetry estimates, based on dynamic whole-body PET data in female C57BL/6J mice, suggested that an i.v. injected activity amount of 400 MBq of [11C]BMP will deliver an effective dose in the typical range of 11C-labelled radiotracers. CONCLUSIONS [11C]BMP can be produced in sufficient amounts and acceptable quality for clinical use. Data from the non-clinical safety evaluation showed no adverse effects and suggested that the administration of [11C]BMP will be safe and well tolerated in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin Mairinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Matthias Jackwerth
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ondřej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Matthias Blaickner
- Department Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Nics
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology, Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine (INUM) and Lübeck Institute of Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Georg S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Villa M, Wu J, Hansen S, Pahnke J. Emerging Role of ABC Transporters in Glia Cells in Health and Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Cells 2024; 13:740. [PMID: 38727275 PMCID: PMC11083179 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a crucial role for the efflux of a wide range of substrates across different cellular membranes. In the central nervous system (CNS), ABC transporters have recently gathered significant attention due to their pivotal involvement in brain physiology and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Glial cells are fundamental for normal CNS function and engage with several ABC transporters in different ways. Here, we specifically highlight ABC transporters involved in the maintenance of brain homeostasis and their implications in its metabolic regulation. We also show new aspects related to ABC transporter function found in less recognized diseases, such as Huntington's disease (HD) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Understanding both their impact on the physiological regulation of the CNS and their roles in brain diseases holds promise for uncovering new therapeutic options. Further investigations and preclinical studies are warranted to elucidate the complex interplay between glial ABC transporters and physiological brain functions, potentially leading to effective therapeutic interventions also for rare CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Villa
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jingyun Wu
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefanie Hansen
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine (INUM)/Lübeck Institute of Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck (UzL) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia (LU), Jelgavas iela 3, LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Georg S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University (TAU), Tel Aviv IL-6997801, Israel
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Okamura T, Kikuchi T, Ogawa M, Zhang MR. Improved synthesis of 6-bromo-7-[ 11C]methylpurine for clinical use. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:10. [PMID: 38334858 PMCID: PMC10857989 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), an energy-dependent efflux pump, is expressed widely in various tissues and contributes to many physiological and pathophysiological processes. 6-Bromo-7-[11C]methylpurine ([11C]7m6BP) is expected to be useful for the assessment of MRP1 activity in the human brain and lungs. However, the radiochemical yield (RCY) in the synthesis of [11C]7m6BP was low, limiting its clinical application, because the methylation of the precursor with [11C]CH3I provided primarily the undesired isomer, 6-bromo-9-[11C]methylpurine ([11C]9m6BP). To increase the RCY of [11C]7m6BP, we investigated conditions for improving the [11C]7m6BP/[11C]9m6BP selectivity of the methylation reaction. RESULTS [11C]7m6BP was manually synthesized via the methylation of 6-bromopurine with [11C]CH3I in various solvents and at different temperatures in the presence of potassium carbonate for 5 min. Several less polar solvents, including tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF), and ethyl acetate (AcOEt) improved the [11C]7m6BP/[11C]9m6BP selectivity from 1:1 to 2:1, compared with the conventionally used solvents for the alkylation of 6-halopurines, acetone, acetonitrile, and N,N-dimethylformamide. However, a higher temperature (140 °C or 180 °C) was needed to progress the 11C-methylation in the less polar solvents, and the manual conditions could not be directly translated to an automated synthesis. [11C]Methyl triflate ([11C]CH3OTf) was thus used as a methylating agent to increase the conversion at a lower temperature. The 11C-methylation using [11C]CH3OTf at 100 °C proceeded efficiently in THF, 2-MeTHF, and AcOEt with maintenance of the improved selectivity. Starting from 28 to 34 GBq [11C]CO2, [11C]7m6BP was produced with 2.3-2.6 GBq for THF, 2.7-3.3 GBq for AcOEt, and 2.8-3.9 GBq for 2-MeTHF at approximately 30 min after the end of bombardment (n = 3 per solvent). The isolated RCYs (decay corrected) for THF, 2-MeTHF, and AcOEt were 24-28%, 29-35%, and 22-31% (n = 3), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The use of THF, 2-MeTHF, and AcOEt improved the [11C]7m6BP/[11C]9m6BP selectivity in the methylation reaction, and the improved method provided [11C]7m6BP with sufficient radioactivity for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimitsu Okamura
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Kikuchi
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masanao Ogawa
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
- SHI Accelerator Service, Ltd., 7-1-1 Nishigotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0031, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
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Chaves JCS, Dando SJ, White AR, Oikari LE. Blood-brain barrier transporters: An overview of function, dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and strategies for treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166967. [PMID: 38008230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain-barrier (BBB) has a major function in maintaining brain homeostasis by regulating the entry of molecules from the blood to the brain. Key players in BBB function are BBB transporters which are highly expressed in brain endothelial cells (BECs) and critical in mediating the exchange of nutrients and waste products. BBB transporters can also influence drug delivery into the brain by inhibiting or facilitating the entry of brain targeting therapeutics for the treatment of brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies have shown that AD is associated with a disrupted BBB and transporter dysfunction, although their roles in the development in AD are not fully understand. Modulation of BBB transporter activity may pose a novel approach to enhance the delivery of drugs to the brain for enhanced treatment of AD. In this review, we will give an overview of key functions of BBB transporters and known changes in AD. In addition, we will discuss current strategies for transporter modulation for enhanced drug delivery into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C S Chaves
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Samantha J Dando
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony R White
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lotta E Oikari
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Liu W, Mossel P, Schwach V, Slart RHJA, Luurtsema G. Cardiac PET Imaging of ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporters: Opportunities and Challenges. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1715. [PMID: 38139840 PMCID: PMC10748140 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a broad family of membrane protein complexes that use energy to transport molecules across cells and/or intracellular organelle lipid membranes. Many drugs used to treat cardiac diseases have an affinity for these transporters. Among others, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) plays an essential role in regulating drug concentrations that reach cardiac tissue and therefore contribute to cardiotoxicity. As a molecular imaging modality, positron emission tomography (PET) has emerged as a viable technique to investigate the function of P-gp in organs and tissues. Using PET imaging to evaluate cardiac P-gp function provides new insights for drug development and improves the precise use of medications. Nevertheless, information in this field is limited. In this review, we aim to examine the current applications of ABC transporter PET imaging and its tracers in the heart, with a specific emphasis on P-gp. Furthermore, the opportunities and challenges in this novel field will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (W.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Pascalle Mossel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (W.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Verena Schwach
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Riemer H. J. A. Slart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (W.L.); (P.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Photonic Imaging, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Luurtsema
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (W.L.); (P.M.)
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Wu J, Möhle L, Brüning T, Eiriz I, Rafehi M, Stefan K, Stefan SM, Pahnke J. A Novel Huntington's Disease Assessment Platform to Support Future Drug Discovery and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314763. [PMID: 36499090 PMCID: PMC9740291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a lethal neurodegenerative disorder without efficient therapeutic options. The inefficient translation from preclinical and clinical research into clinical use is mainly attributed to the lack of (i) understanding of disease initiation, progression, and involved molecular mechanisms; (ii) knowledge of the possible HD target space and general data awareness; (iii) detailed characterizations of available disease models; (iv) better suitable models; and (v) reliable and sensitive biomarkers. To generate robust HD-like symptoms in a mouse model, the neomycin resistance cassette was excised from zQ175 mice, generating a new line: zQ175Δneo. We entirely describe the dynamics of behavioral, neuropathological, and immunohistological changes from 15-57 weeks of age. Specifically, zQ175Δneo mice showed early astrogliosis from 15 weeks; growth retardation, body weight loss, and anxiety-like behaviors from 29 weeks; motor deficits and reduced muscular strength from 36 weeks; and finally slight microgliosis at 57 weeks of age. Additionally, we collected the entire bioactivity network of small-molecule HD modulators in a multitarget dataset (HD_MDS). Hereby, we uncovered 358 unique compounds addressing over 80 different pharmacological targets and pathways. Our data will support future drug discovery approaches and may serve as useful assessment platform for drug discovery and development against HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Wu
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; www.pahnkelab.eu
| | - Luisa Möhle
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; www.pahnkelab.eu
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; www.pahnkelab.eu
| | - Iván Eiriz
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; www.pahnkelab.eu
| | - Muhammad Rafehi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katja Stefan
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; www.pahnkelab.eu
| | - Sven Marcel Stefan
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; www.pahnkelab.eu
- Pahnke Lab (Drug Development and Chemical Biology), Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (S.M.S.); Tel.: +47-23-071-466 (J.P.)
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; www.pahnkelab.eu
- Pahnke Lab (Drug Development and Chemical Biology), Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 4, 1004 Rīga, Latvia
- Department of Neurobiology, The Georg S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (S.M.S.); Tel.: +47-23-071-466 (J.P.)
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Rodríguez-Giraldo M, González-Reyes RE, Ramírez-Guerrero S, Bonilla-Trilleras CE, Guardo-Maya S, Nava-Mesa MO. Astrocytes as a Therapeutic Target in Alzheimer's Disease-Comprehensive Review and Recent Developments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13630. [PMID: 36362415 PMCID: PMC9654484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a frequent and disabling neurodegenerative disorder, in which astrocytes participate in several pathophysiological processes including neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism (along with a critical role in apolipoprotein E function). Current evidence shows that astrocytes have both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects depending on the disease stage and microenvironmental factors. Furthermore, astrocytes appear to be affected by the presence of amyloid-beta (Aβ), with alterations in calcium levels, gliotransmission and proinflammatory activity via RAGE-NF-κB pathway. In addition, astrocytes play an important role in the metabolism of tau and clearance of Aβ through the glymphatic system. In this review, we will discuss novel pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments focused on astrocytes as therapeutic targets for AD. These interventions include effects on anti-inflammatory/antioxidant systems, glutamate activity, lipid metabolism, neurovascular coupling and glymphatic system, calcium dysregulation, and in the release of peptides which affects glial and neuronal function. According to the AD stage, these therapies may be of benefit in either preventing or delaying the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mauricio O. Nava-Mesa
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Centro de Neurociencias Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
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10
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Wölfl-Duchek M, Mairinger S, Hernández-Lozano I, Filip T, Zoufal V, Löbsch M, Stanek J, Kuntner C, Wanek T, Bauer M, Pahnke J, Langer O. Use of PET Imaging to Assess the Efficacy of Thiethylperazine to Stimulate Cerebral MRP1 Transport Activity in Wild-Type and APP/PS1-21 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6514. [PMID: 35742960 PMCID: PMC9224167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1, encoded by the ABCC1 gene) may contribute to the clearance of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides from the brain into the blood and stimulation of MRP1 transport activity may be a therapeutic approach to enhance brain Aβ clearance. In this study, we assessed the effect of thiethylperazine, an antiemetic drug which was shown to stimulate MRP1 activity in vitro and to decrease Aβ load in a rapid β-amyloidosis mouse model (APP/PS1-21), on MRP1 transport activity by means of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the MRP1 tracer 6-bromo-7-[11C]methylpurine. Groups of wild-type, APP/PS1-21 and Abcc1(-/-) mice underwent PET scans before and after a 5-day oral treatment period with thiethylperazine (15 mg/kg, once daily). The elimination rate constant of radioactivity (kelim) was calculated from time-activity curves in the brain and the lungs as a measure of tissue MRP1 activity. Treatment with thiethylperazine had no significant effect on MRP1 activity in the brain and the lungs of wild-type and APP/PS1-21 mice. This may either be related to a lack of an MRP1-stimulating effect of thiethylperazine in vivo or to other factors, such as substrate-dependent MRP1 stimulation, insufficient target tissue exposure to thiethylperazine or limited sensitivity of the PET tracer to measure MRP1 stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wölfl-Duchek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.W.-D.); (S.M.); (I.H.-L.); (M.B.)
| | - Severin Mairinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.W.-D.); (S.M.); (I.H.-L.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.S.); (C.K.); (T.W.)
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (T.F.); (V.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Irene Hernández-Lozano
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.W.-D.); (S.M.); (I.H.-L.); (M.B.)
| | - Thomas Filip
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (T.F.); (V.Z.); (M.L.)
- Core Facility Laboratory Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Zoufal
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (T.F.); (V.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Mathilde Löbsch
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (T.F.); (V.Z.); (M.L.)
- Core Facility Laboratory Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Stanek
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.S.); (C.K.); (T.W.)
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (T.F.); (V.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Claudia Kuntner
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.S.); (C.K.); (T.W.)
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (T.F.); (V.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Thomas Wanek
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.S.); (C.K.); (T.W.)
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (T.F.); (V.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Martin Bauer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.W.-D.); (S.M.); (I.H.-L.); (M.B.)
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Oslo University Hospital (OUS), University of Oslo (UiO), 0424 Oslo, Norway;
- LIED, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 1586 Rīga, Latvia
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.W.-D.); (S.M.); (I.H.-L.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.S.); (C.K.); (T.W.)
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (T.F.); (V.Z.); (M.L.)
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11
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Ni R. Positron Emission Tomography in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease Amyloidosis: Translational Implications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1179. [PMID: 34832961 PMCID: PMC8623863 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of Alzheimer's disease amyloidosis that recapitulate cerebral amyloid-beta pathology have been widely used in preclinical research and have greatly enabled the mechanistic understanding of Alzheimer's disease and the development of therapeutics. Comprehensive deep phenotyping of the pathophysiological and biochemical features in these animal models is essential. Recent advances in positron emission tomography have allowed the non-invasive visualization of the alterations in the brain of animal models and in patients with Alzheimer's disease. These tools have facilitated our understanding of disease mechanisms and provided longitudinal monitoring of treatment effects in animal models of Alzheimer's disease amyloidosis. In this review, we focus on recent positron emission tomography studies of cerebral amyloid-beta accumulation, hypoglucose metabolism, synaptic and neurotransmitter receptor deficits (cholinergic and glutamatergic system), blood-brain barrier impairment, and neuroinflammation (microgliosis and astrocytosis) in animal models of Alzheimer's disease amyloidosis. We further propose the emerging targets and tracers for reflecting the pathophysiological changes and discuss outstanding challenges in disease animal models and future outlook in the on-chip characterization of imaging biomarkers towards clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH & University of Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Mahler C, Schumacher AM, Unterrainer M, Kaiser L, Höllbacher T, Lindner S, Havla J, Ertl-Wagner B, Patzig M, Seelos K, Neitzel J, Mäurer M, Krumbholz M, Metz I, Brück W, Stadelmann C, Merkler D, Gass A, Milenkovic V, Bartenstein P, Albert NL, Kümpfel T, Kerschensteiner M. TSPO PET imaging of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Brain 2021; 144:2683-2695. [PMID: 33757118 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe infection of the central nervous system caused by the polyomavirus JC (JCV) that can occur in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with natalizumab. Clinical management of patients with natalizumab-associated PML is challenging not the least because current imaging tools for the early detection, longitudinal monitoring and differential diagnosis of PML lesions are limited. Here we evaluate whether TSPO positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can be applied to monitor the inflammatory activity of PML lesions over time and differentiate them from MS lesions. For this monocenter pilot study we followed 8 patients with natalizumab-associated PML with PET imaging using the TSPO radioligand [18F]GE-180 combined with frequent 3 T MRI imaging. In addition we compared TSPO PET signals in PML lesions with the signal pattern of MS lesions from 17 independent MS patients. We evaluated the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) as well as the morphometry of the TSPO uptake for putative PML and MS lesions areas compared to a radiologically unaffected pseudo-reference region in the cerebrum. Furthermore TSPO expression in situ was immunohistochemically verified by determining the density and cellular identity of TSPO-expressing cells in brain sections from four patients with early natalizumab-associated PML as well as five patients with other forms of PML and six patients with inflammatory demyelinating CNS lesions (clinically isolated syndrome/MS). Histological analysis revealed a reticular accumulation of TSPO expressing phagocytes in PML lesions, while such phagocytes showed a more homogenous distribution in putative MS lesions. TSPO PET imaging showed an enhanced tracer uptake in natalizumab-associated PML lesions that was present from the early to the chronic stages (up to 52 months after PML diagnosis). While gadolinium enhancement on MRI rapidly declined to baseline levels, TSPO tracer uptake followed a slow one phase decay curve. A TSPO-based 3-dimensional diagnostic matrix taking into account the uptake levels as well as the shape and texture of the TSPO signal differentiated more than 96% of PML and MS lesions. Indeed, treatment with rituximab after natalizumab-associated PML in three patients did not affect tracer uptake in the assigned PML lesions but reverted tracer uptake to baseline in the assigned active MS lesions. Taken together our study suggests that TSPO PET imaging can reveal CNS inflammation in natalizumab-associated PML. TSPO PET may facilitate longitudinal monitoring of disease activity and help to distinguish recurrent MS activity from PML progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Mahler
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Adrian-Minh Schumacher
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Marcus Unterrainer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Kaiser
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Höllbacher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Havla
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Birgit Ertl-Wagner
- Institute of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Patzig
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Seelos
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Neitzel
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Markus Krumbholz
- Department of Neurology & Stroke and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Imke Metz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Doron Merkler
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Achim Gass
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vladimir Milenkovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie L Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Martinsried, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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13
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Wanek T, Zoufal V, Brackhan M, Krohn M, Mairinger S, Filip T, Sauberer M, Stanek J, Pekar T, Pahnke J, Langer O. Brain Distribution of Dual ABCB1/ABCG2 Substrates Is Unaltered in a Beta-Amyloidosis Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8245. [PMID: 33153231 PMCID: PMC7663372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) and ABCG2 (breast cancer resistance protein) are co-localized at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), where they restrict the brain distribution of many different drugs. Moreover, ABCB1 and possibly ABCG2 play a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by mediating the brain clearance of beta-amyloid (Aβ) across the BBB. This study aimed to compare the abundance and activity of ABCG2 in a commonly used β-amyloidosis mouse model (APP/PS1-21) with age-matched wild-type mice. METHODS The abundance of ABCG2 was assessed by semi-quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of brain slices of APP/PS1-21 and wild-type mice aged 6 months. Moreover, the brain distribution of two dual ABCB1/ABCG2 substrate radiotracers ([11C]tariquidar and [11C]erlotinib) was assessed in APP/PS1-21 and wild-type mice with positron emission tomography (PET). [11C]Tariquidar PET scans were performed without and with partial inhibition of ABCG2 with Ko143, while [11C]erlotinib PET scans were only performed under baseline conditions. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant reduction (by 29-37%) in the number of ABCG2-stained microvessels in the brains of APP/PS1-21 mice. Partial ABCG2 inhibition significantly increased the brain distribution of [11C]tariquidar in APP/PS1-21 and wild-type mice, but the brain distribution of [11C]tariquidar did not differ under both conditions between the two mouse strains. Similar results were obtained with [11C]erlotinib. CONCLUSIONS Despite a reduction in the abundance of cerebral ABCG2 and ABCB1 in APP/PS1-21 mice, the brain distribution of two dual ABCB1/ABCG2 substrates was unaltered. Our results suggest that the brain distribution of clinically used ABCB1/ABCG2 substrate drugs may not differ between AD patients and healthy people.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/toxicity
- Amyloidosis/diagnostic imaging
- Amyloidosis/metabolism
- Amyloidosis/pathology
- Animals
- Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism
- Brain/diagnostic imaging
- Brain/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Positron-Emission Tomography
- Quinolines/pharmacokinetics
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wanek
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (V.Z.); (S.M.); (T.F.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (O.L.)
| | - Viktoria Zoufal
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (V.Z.); (S.M.); (T.F.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (O.L.)
| | - Mirjam Brackhan
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), 0424 Oslo, Norway; (M.B.); (M.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Markus Krohn
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), 0424 Oslo, Norway; (M.B.); (M.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Severin Mairinger
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (V.Z.); (S.M.); (T.F.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (O.L.)
| | - Thomas Filip
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (V.Z.); (S.M.); (T.F.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (O.L.)
| | - Michael Sauberer
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (V.Z.); (S.M.); (T.F.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (O.L.)
| | - Johann Stanek
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (V.Z.); (S.M.); (T.F.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (O.L.)
| | - Thomas Pekar
- Biomedical Analytics, University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria;
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), 0424 Oslo, Norway; (M.B.); (M.K.); (J.P.)
- LIED, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 1586 Rīga, Latvia
| | - Oliver Langer
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (V.Z.); (S.M.); (T.F.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (O.L.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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14
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Vesicular ATP-binding cassette transporters in human disease: relevant aspects of their organization for future drug development. FUTURE DRUG DISCOVERY 2020. [DOI: 10.4155/fdd-2020-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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15
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Liang T, Ma C, Wang T, Deng R, Ding J, Wang W, Xu Z, Li X, Li H, Sun Q, Shen H, Wang Z, Chen G. Galectin-9 Promotes Neuronal Restoration via Binding TLR-4 in a Rat Intracerebral Hemorrhage Model. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 23:267-284. [PMID: 32865657 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating disease with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Galactose lectin-9 (Gal-9) belongs to the family of β-galactoside-binding lectins, which has been shown to play a vital role in immune tolerance and inflammation. However, the function of Gal-9 in ICH has not been fully studied in details. Several experiments were carried out to explore the role of Gal-9 in the late period of ICH. Primarily, ICH models were established in male adult Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Next, the relative protein levels of Gal-9 at different time points after ICH were examined and the result showed that the level of Gal-9 increased and peaked at the 7th day after ICH. Then we found that when the content of Gal-9 increased, both the number of M2-type microglia and the corresponding anti-inflammatory factors also increased. Through co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) analysis, it was found that Gal-9 combines with Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) during the period of the recovery after ICH. TUNEL staining and Fluoro-Jade B staining (FJB) proved that the amount of cell death decreased with the increase of Gal-9 content. Additionally, several behavioral experiments also demonstrated that when the level of Gal-9 increased, the motor, sensory, learning, and memory abilities of the rats recovered better compared to the ICH group. In short, this study illustrated that Gal-9 takes a crucial role after ICH. Enhancing Gal-9 could alleviate brain injury and promote the recovery of ICH-induced injury, so that Gal-9 may exploit a new pathway for clinical treatment of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruming Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiasheng Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhongmou Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
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16
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