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Barzegar Behrooz A, Latifi‐Navid H, Lotfi J, Khodagholi F, Shojaei S, Ghavami S, Fahanik Babaei J. CSF amino acid profiles in ICV-streptozotocin-induced sporadic Alzheimer's disease in male Wistar rat: a metabolomics and systems biology perspective. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:1116-1132. [PMID: 38769074 PMCID: PMC11216934 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an increasingly important public health concern due to the increasing proportion of older individuals within the general population. The impairment of processes responsible for adequate brain energy supply primarily determines the early features of the aging process. Restricting brain energy supply results in brain hypometabolism prior to clinical symptoms and is anatomically and functionally associated with cognitive impairment. The present study investigated changes in metabolic profiles induced by intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) in an AD-like animal model. To this end, male Wistar rats received a single injection of STZ (3 mg·kg-1) by ICV (2.5 μL into each ventricle for 5 min on each side). In the second week after receiving ICV-STZ, rats were tested for cognitive performance using the Morris Water Maze test and subsequently prepared for positron emission tomography (PET) to confirm AD-like symptoms. Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis was used to detect amino acid changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) samples. Our metabolomics study revealed a reduction in the concentrations of various amino acids (alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophane, tyrosine, and valine) in CSF of ICV-STZ-treated animals as compared to controls rats. The results of the current study indicate amino acid levels could potentially be considered targets of nutritional and/or pharmacological interventions to interfere with AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesIran
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Hamid Latifi‐Navid
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesIran
- Department of Molecular MedicineNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyTehranIran
- School of Biological SciencesInstitute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)TehranIran
| | - Jabar Lotfi
- Growth and Development Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesIran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Shahla Shojaei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
- Faculty of Medicine in ZabrzeUniversity of Technology in KatowiceZabrzePoland
- Research Institute of Oncology and HematologyCancer Care Manitoba‐University of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
- Children Hospital Research Institute of ManitobaUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Javad Fahanik Babaei
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesIran
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Yadikar H, Ansari MA, Abu-Farha M, Joseph S, Thomas BT, Al-Mulla F. Deciphering Early and Progressive Molecular Signatures in Alzheimer's Disease through Integrated Longitudinal Proteomic and Pathway Analysis in a Rodent Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6469. [PMID: 38928172 PMCID: PMC11203991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia worldwide, remains a challenge due to its complex origin and degenerative character. The need for accurate biomarkers and treatment targets hinders early identification and intervention. To fill this gap, we used a novel longitudinal proteome methodology to examine the temporal development of molecular alterations in the cortex of an intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (ICV-STZ)-induced AD mouse model for disease initiation and progression at one, three-, and six-weeks post-treatment. Week 1 revealed metabolic protein downregulation, such as Aldoa and Pgk1. Week 3 showed increased Synapsin-1, and week 6 showed cytoskeletal protein alterations like Vimentin. The biological pathways, upstream regulators, and functional effects of proteome alterations were dissected using advanced bioinformatics methods, including Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and machine learning algorithms. We identified Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Synaptic Vesicle Pathway, and Neuroinflammation Signaling as disease-causing pathways. Huntington's Disease Signaling and Synaptogenesis Signaling were stimulated while Glutamate Receptor and Calcium Signaling were repressed. IPA also found molecular connections between PPARGC1B and AGT, which are involved in myelination and possible neoplastic processes, and MTOR and AR, which imply mechanistic involvements beyond neurodegeneration. These results help us comprehend AD's molecular foundation and demonstrate the promise of focused proteomic techniques to uncover new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD, enabling personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Yadikar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Sabah AlSalem University City, Kuwait City 13060, Kuwait
- OMICS Research Unit, Research Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait;
| | - Mubeen A. Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait;
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Department of Translational Research, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait; (M.A.-F.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Shibu Joseph
- Department of Special Service Facility, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait;
| | - Betty T. Thomas
- OMICS Research Unit, Research Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait;
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Translational Research, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait; (M.A.-F.); (F.A.-M.)
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Soni ND, Swain A, Jacobs P, Juul H, Armbruster R, Nanga RPR, Nath K, Wiers C, Detre J, Reddy R. In vivo assessment of β-hydroxybutyrate metabolism in mouse brain using deuterium ( 2 H) MRS. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:259-269. [PMID: 36971349 PMCID: PMC10662955 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To monitor the metabolic turnover of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) oxidation using 2 H-MRS in conjunction with intravenous administration of 2 H labeled BHB. METHODS Nine-month-old mice were infused with [3,4,4,4]-2 H4 -BHB (d4 -BHB; 3.11 g/kg) through the tail vein using a bolus variable infusion rate for a period of 90 min. The labeling of downstream cerebral metabolites from the oxidative metabolism of d4 -BHB was monitored using 2 H-MRS spectra acquired with a home-built 2 H surface coil on a 9.4T preclinical MR scanner with a temporal resolution of 6.25 min. An exponential model was fit to the BHB and glutamate/glutamine (Glx) turnover curves to determine rate constants of metabolite turnover and to aid in the visualization of metabolite time courses. RESULTS Deuterium label was incorporated into Glx from BHB metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, with an increase in the level of [4,4]-2 H2 -Glx (d2 -Glx) over time and reaching a quasi-steady state concentration of ∼0.6 ± 0.1 mM following 30 min of infusion. Complete oxidative metabolic breakdown of d4 -BHB also resulted in the formation of semi-heavy water (HDO), with a four-fold (10.1 to ∼42.1 ± 7.3 mM) linear (R2 = 0.998) increase in its concentration by the end of infusion. The rate constant of Glx turnover from d4 -BHB metabolism was determined to be 0.034 ± 0.004 min-1 . CONCLUSION 2 H-MRS can be used to monitor the cerebral metabolism of BHB with its deuterated form by measuring the downstream labeling of Glx. The integration of 2 H-MRS with deuterated BHB substrate provides an alternative and clinically promising MRS tool to detect neurometabolic fluxes in healthy and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Datt Soni
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anshuman Swain
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paul Jacobs
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Halvor Juul
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan Armbruster
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kavindra Nath
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Corinde Wiers
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John Detre
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Bhat UA, Kumar SA, Chakravarty S, Patel AB, Kumar A. Differential Effects of Chronic Ethanol Use on Mouse Neuronal and Astroglial Metabolic Activity. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03922-y. [PMID: 37069415 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol use disorder, a major risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric disorders including addiction to other substances, is associated with several neuropathology including perturbed neuronal and glial activities in the brain. It affects carbon metabolism in specific brain regions, and perturbs neuro-metabolite homeostasis in neuronal and glial cells. Alcohol induced changes in the brain neurochemical profile accompany the negative emotional state associated with dysregulated reward and sensitized stress response to withdrawal. However, the underlying alterations in neuro-astroglial activities and neurochemical dysregulations in brain regions after chronic alcohol use are poorly understood. This study evaluates the impact of chronic ethanol use on the regional neuro-astroglial metabolic activity using 1H-[13C]-NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with infusion of [1,6-13C2]glucose and sodium [2-13C]acetate, respectively, after 48 h of abstinence. Besides establishing detailed 13C labeling of neuro-metabolites in a brain region-specific manner, our results show chronic ethanol induced-cognitive deficits along with a reduction in total glucose oxidation rates in the hippocampus and striatum. Furthermore, using [2-13C]acetate infusion, we showed an alcohol-induced increase in astroglial metabolic activity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Interestingly, increased astroglia activity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex was associated with a differential expression of monocarboxylic acid transporters that are regulating acetate uptake and metabolism in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unis Ahmad Bhat
- Epigenetics and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana State (TS), 500007, India
| | - Sreemantula Arun Kumar
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Anant Bahadur Patel
- Epigenetics and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana State (TS), 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana State (TS), 500007, India.
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Epigenetics and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana State (TS), 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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Intermittent theta burst stimulation ameliorates cognitive impairment and hippocampal gliosis in the Streptozotocin-induced model of Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2022; 433:113984. [PMID: 35780960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebroventricularly (icv) injected streptozotocin (STZ) model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is used to explore the effect of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) on astrocyte and microglia reactivity in selectively vulnerable brain regions and answer the question whether these changes are in the context of cognitive capacity. The iTBS is a non-invasive approach for stimulating neuronal and glial activity with the ability to induce long-term potentiation-like plasticity and represents a promising treatment for different neurological diseases, including AD. Male Wistar rats were assigned to five groups: 1. Control subjected to icv saline solution, 2. STZ subjected to icv-STZ (bilaterally, 3 mg/kg), 3. STZ+iTBS subjected to iTBS therapy after icv-STZ, 4. STZ+iTBS placebo subjected to noise artifact after icv-STZ and 5. Control+iTBS subjected to iTBS therapy after icv- saline solution. The RotaRod result showed that STZ did not alter motor function in rats. Eight arm radial maze test results showed that iTBS significantly improved cognitive impairment induced by STZ intoxication. Reactive gliosis in the hippocampus and periventricular area, manifested through elevated levels of Iba1+ and GFAP+/VIM+ following icv-STZ, was ameliorated after iTBS treatment. Our research identifies iTBS as an effective therapeutic candidate against STZ-induced neurotoxicity and AD-like changes. The beneficial effects of iTBS on cognitive dysfunction might be due to targeting microglia and astrocytes, as they exert a protective role in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. The results could provoke translation into clinical practice as an early/add-on non-invasive therapeutic intervention for cognitive impairment in AD.
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Shen Qi Wan Ameliorates Learning and Memory Impairment Induced by STZ in AD Rats through PI3K/AKT Pathway. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060758. [PMID: 35741643 PMCID: PMC9221466 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of neurodegenerative disease, and increasing evidence shows that insulin signaling has crucial roles in AD initiation and progression. In this study, we explored the effect and underlying mechanism of SQW, a representative formula for tonifying the kidney and promoting yang, on improving the cognitive function in a streptozotocin-induced model of AD rats. We investigated memory impairment in the AD rats by using the Morris water test. HE and Nissl staining were employed to observe the histomorphological changes in the hippocampal. Expression levels of NeuN and proteins related to Tau and apoptosis were measured using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, respectively. Additionally, we performed RNA sequencing, and the selected hub genes were then validated by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of PI3K/AKT pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blot. We found that SQW treatment significantly alleviated learning and memory impairment, pathological damage, and apoptosis in rats, as evidenced by an increased level of NeuN and Bcl-2, and decreased phosphorylation of Tau, Bax, and Caspase-3 protein expression. SQW treatment reversed the expression of insulin resistance-related genes (Nr4a1, Lpar1, Bdnf, Atf2, and Ppp2r2b) and reduced the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Our results demonstrate that SQW could contribute to neuroprotection against learning and memory impairment in rats induced by STZ through activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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de Paula Faria D, Estessi de Souza L, Duran FLDS, Buchpiguel CA, Britto LR, Crippa JADS, Filho GB, Real CC. Cannabidiol Treatment Improves Glucose Metabolism and Memory in Streptozotocin-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Rat Model: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031076. [PMID: 35163003 PMCID: PMC8835532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An early and persistent sign of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is glucose hypometabolism, which can be evaluated by positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG). Cannabidiol has demonstrated neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties but has not been evaluated by PET imaging in an AD model. Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) is a validated model for hypometabolism observed in AD. This proof-of-concept study evaluated the effect of cannabidiol treatment in the brain glucose metabolism of an icv-STZ AD model by PET imaging. Wistar male rats received 3 mg/kg of STZ and [18F]FDG PET images were acquired before and 7 days after STZ injection. Animals were treated with intraperitoneal cannabidiol (20 mg/kg—STZ–cannabidiol) or saline (STZ–saline) for one week. Novel object recognition was performed to evaluate short-term and long-term memory. [18F]FDG uptake in the whole brain was significantly lower in the STZ–saline group. Voxel-based analysis revealed a hypometabolism cluster close to the lateral ventricle, which was smaller in STZ–cannabidiol animals. The brain regions with more evident hypometabolism were the striatum, motor cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus, which was not observed in STZ–cannabidiol animals. In addition, STZ–cannabidiol animals revealed no changes in memory index. Thus, this study suggests that cannabidiol could be an early treatment for the neurodegenerative process observed in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele de Paula Faria
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (L.E.d.S.); (C.A.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.d.P.F.); (C.C.R.)
| | - Larissa Estessi de Souza
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (L.E.d.S.); (C.A.B.)
| | - Fabio Luis de Souza Duran
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM 21), Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (F.L.d.S.D.); (G.B.F.)
| | - Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (L.E.d.S.); (C.A.B.)
| | - Luiz Roberto Britto
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - José Alexandre de Souza Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14051-160, SP, Brazil;
| | - Geraldo Busatto Filho
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM 21), Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (F.L.d.S.D.); (G.B.F.)
| | - Caroline Cristiano Real
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (L.E.d.S.); (C.A.B.)
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM 21), Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (F.L.d.S.D.); (G.B.F.)
- Correspondence: (D.d.P.F.); (C.C.R.)
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Latina V, Giacovazzo G, Calissano P, Atlante A, La Regina F, Malerba F, Dell’Aquila M, Stigliano E, Balzamino BO, Micera A, Coccurello R, Amadoro G. Tau Cleavage Contributes to Cognitive Dysfunction in Strepto-Zotocin-Induced Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (sAD) Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212158. [PMID: 34830036 PMCID: PMC8618605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau cleavage plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), a widespread neurodegenerative disease whose incidence is expected to increase in the next years. While genetic and familial forms of AD (fAD) occurring early in life represent less than 1%, the sporadic and late-onset ones (sAD) are the most common, with ageing being an important risk factor. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of streptozotocin (STZ)—a compound used in the systemic induction of diabetes due to its ability to damage the pancreatic β cells and to induce insulin resistance—mimics in rodents several behavioral, molecular and histopathological hallmarks of sAD, including memory/learning disturbance, amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress and brain glucose hypometabolism. We have demonstrated that pathological truncation of tau at its N-terminal domain occurs into hippocampi from two well-established transgenic lines of fAD animal models, such as Tg2576 and 3xTg mice, and that it’s in vivo neutralization via intravenous (i.v.) administration of the cleavage-specific anti-tau 12A12 monoclonal antibody (mAb) is strongly neuroprotective. Here, we report the therapeutic efficacy of 12A12mAb in STZ-infused mice after 14 days (short-term immunization, STIR) and 21 days (long-term immunization regimen, LTIR) of i.v. delivery. A virtually complete recovery was detected after three weeks of 12A12mAb immunization in both novel object recognition test (NORT) and object place recognition task (OPRT). Consistently, three weeks of this immunization regimen relieved in hippocampi from ICV-STZ mice the AD-like up-regulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation, likely due to modulation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3-β axis and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activities. Cerebral oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, synaptic and histological alterations occurring in STZ-infused mice were also strongly attenuated by 12A12mAb delivery. These results further strengthen the causal role of N-terminal tau cleavage in AD pathogenesis and indicate that its specific neutralization by non-invasive administration of 12A12mAb can be a therapeutic option for both fAD and sAD patients, as well as for those showing type 2 diabetes as a comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Latina
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (P.C.); (F.L.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Giacomo Giacovazzo
- IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Fosso del Fiorano 64-65, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Pietro Calissano
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (P.C.); (F.L.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Anna Atlante
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM)-CNR, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Federico La Regina
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (P.C.); (F.L.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesca Malerba
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (P.C.); (F.L.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Marco Dell’Aquila
- Area of Pathology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Egidio Stigliano
- Area of Pathology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Bijorn Omar Balzamino
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 6I, 00184 Rome, Italy; (B.O.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandra Micera
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 6I, 00184 Rome, Italy; (B.O.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Roberto Coccurello
- IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Fosso del Fiorano 64-65, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Institute for Complex System (ISC)-CNR, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Giuseppina Amadoro
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (P.C.); (F.L.R.); (F.M.)
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)-CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (G.A.)
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9
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Bazrgar M, Khodabakhsh P, Prudencio M, Mohagheghi F, Ahmadiani A. The role of microRNA-34 family in Alzheimer's disease: A potential molecular link between neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105805. [PMID: 34371173 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that overexpression of the microRNA-34 (miR-34) family in the brain may play a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis by targeting and downregulating genes associated with neuronal survival, synapse formation and plasticity, Aβ clearance, mitochondrial function, antioxidant defense system, and energy metabolism. Additionally, elevated levels of the miR-34 family in the liver and pancreas promote the development of metabolic syndromes (MetS), such as diabetes and obesity. Importantly, MetS represent a well-documented risk factor for sporadic AD. This review focuses on the recent findings regarding the role of the miR-34 family in the pathogenesis of AD and MetS, and proposes miR-34 as a potential molecular link between both disorders. A comprehensive understanding of the functional roles of miR-34 family in the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of AD brains may lead to the discovery of a breakthrough treatment strategy for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bazrgar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pariya Khodabakhsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Mohagheghi
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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