1
|
Bin Abdulrahman KA, Alqasem AA, Alsayyari AM, Bintalib SS, Khatlah ANB, Alshehri MF, Alasbali NM. Atopy and allergic diseases among college students at a Saudi Public University. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:1944-1949. [PMID: 38948585 PMCID: PMC11213384 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1748_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite its significant prevalence worldwide, atopy and allergic diseases continue to need more studies, with a need for published articles describing the prevalence of atopy and allergic diseases in Saudi society. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of atopic dermatitis diseases among college students at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University. Methods The Cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia among college students at Imam Mohammed bin Saud Islamic University in Riyadh based on self-report Asthma and Allergies questionnaires (ISSAC questionnaire, atopic dermatitis part). Results Seven hundred ninety-seven (797) students from 11 colleges participated in the study. About half (47.6%) aged between 21 and 24, and 73.7% were females. More than one-third (34.8%) had atopic dermatitis during the last six months, while 30.7% of the participants reported having itchy rash in the past 12 months, and 33.8% were diagnosed with eczema in any life interval. Age is not one of the significant factors affecting the prevalence of atopic dermatitis. However, the prevalence of atopic dermatitis slightly increases with age (P = 0.062). Atopic dermatitis was significantly higher among female students (39.7%) than 21.0% among male students (P = 0.000). College level nor GPA had no significant impact on the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (P = 0.238 and 0.884, respectively). Conclusion Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University students have a high prevalence of atopic dermatitis, which may indicate a higher prevalence of allergens. Females and older participants were more liable to reported atopic dermatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A. Bin Abdulrahman
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmlk A. Alqasem
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M. Alsayyari
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud S. Bintalib
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N. B. Khatlah
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F. Alshehri
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf M. Alasbali
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Millán Martínez R, Sorcia Ramírez G, Muñoz-Pérez MJ. Sensitization to Aeroallergens in a Mexican Cohort with Allergic Conjunctivitis: A Cross-sectional Retrospective Study Conducted in Ángeles Puebla Hospital. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024; 32:11-18. [PMID: 36508712 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2145487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the sensitization distribution of aeroallergens in patients with allergic conjunctivitis (AC) living in a temperate subhumid region and to describe the prevalence in a Mexican cohort. A total of 761 patient records were revisited, including the results of the skin prick test (SPT) for 45 aeroallergens. We found 292 patients with AC and a positive SPT in a 5-year period. The most frequent aeroallergens include dust mites (69.2% for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and 47.6% for Dermatophagoides farinae), trees (36% for cypress and 22.6% for ash), animals (33.9% for dogs and 26.7% for cats), and grasses (21.2% for Paspalum notalum and 19.9% for Poa pratensis). Among the studied population, a prevalence of 38.4% for the disease was calculated. House dust mites were responsible for most sensitizations found in the studied population. There is a high prevalence of AC in the selected cohort during the period studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María J Muñoz-Pérez
- Department of Investigation, Universidad Anáhuac Puebla, San Andrés Cholula, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rasheed Z. Management of Allergic disorders in Saudi Arabia: Challenges and future perspectives. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2023; 17:1-3. [PMID: 37929239 PMCID: PMC10624803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Rasheed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Batais W, Altirkistani BA, Alswat AM, Almehmadi AA, Shaykhayn WA, Kushari AM, Goronfolah LT. The Prevalence of Atopic Diseases Among Pediatric Food Allergic Patients. Cureus 2023; 15:e42149. [PMID: 37602088 PMCID: PMC10438625 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Food allergy is an immunological reaction that occurs in response to particular proteins in food. As food allergy can affect multiple body organs, symptoms usually include pruritus, urticaria, rash, cough, dyspnea, and wheezing. Atopic diseases are common in patients with food allergies, and multiple significant associations have been made between them. As such, the presence of food allergy in atopic patients can be used as an indicator of disease severity. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of atopic diseases in food allergy patients. Methodology This was a retrospective cohort study that included pediatric patients aged 0-14 with confirmed food allergies between January 2016 and June 2022. Data was retrieved from electronic medical records and included patients' demographics, type of food allergens, symptoms of food allergy, presence of atopic diseases, and the utilization of healthcare services. Categorical variables were reported as frequencies and percentages, with Chi-squared being used for comparison. Results A total of 228 patients were included in the study. Half of them (114, 50%) were diagnosed with an atopic disease. Seventy-four (64.9%) had asthma, 57 (50%) had atopic dermatitis, and 45 (39.5%) had allergic rhinitis. The most common food allergens in atopic patients were eggs and milk products, in 53 (46.4%) and 42 (36.8%), respectively. There was a significant association between allergy to eggs (p=0.0005), bananas (p=0.0242), and strawberries (p=0.0393), and the presence of an atopic disease. No significant difference was found between atopic and non-atopic patients in terms of utilization of outpatient (p=0.09), inpatient (p=0.50), or ER visits (p=0.31) due to food allergy. Conclusion The current study demonstrates the prevalence of atopic disease in patients with food allergies. Although certain foods were associated with the prevalence of atopic diseases, both atopic and non-atopic patients have similar utilization of health care services such as outpatient, inpatient, and ER.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Batais
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Bsaim A Altirkistani
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Anas M Alswat
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Ali A Almehmadi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Waleed A Shaykhayn
- Collage of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Ahmad M Kushari
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Loie T Goronfolah
- Pediatric Immunology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alsulami S, Aldoboke A, Nooh R, Kalifih O, Khan S, Marglani O. Prevalence of Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, and Atopic Dermatitis and Their Association With Oral Health in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e38061. [PMID: 37234145 PMCID: PMC10208278 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The word "atopy" is frequently used to describe immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated diseases. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma is increasing and disconcerting in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to investigate the association between allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, and oral health among adults in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study of 726 adults using an electronic questionnaire was adopted. The study was carried out from January to December 2022. The questionnaire included demographic data, patients' diseases in response to inclusion and exclusion criteria, oral health status and symptoms, and dental health-related behaviors. Results Most participants were aged from 18 to <40 years (79.1%). More than half of the participants were females (53.6%); 39.7% of participants had poor oral health. Poor health was significantly higher among obese subjects as well as those with lower levels of physical activity, higher perceived levels of stress, those who received a sealant, and those who brushed their teeth for ≤ one time per day. The results showed that the individual symptoms of oral health did not associate significantly with being diagnosed with allergic rhinitis or asthma in the past 12 months. However, atopic dermatitis was independently associated with a chipped or broken tooth (OR = 1.52) and pain in the tongue or inside the cheeks (OR = 3.57). Conclusion Poor oral health was significantly associated with atopic dermatitis in Saudi adults. Some systemic diseases are considered chronic diseases, and they are multifactorial; thus, we cannot claim that periodontal pathogens are the definite cause of systemic infections. More studies are necessary to find a definitive association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seham Alsulami
- College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Amal Aldoboke
- College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Raghad Nooh
- College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Ola Kalifih
- College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Somayya Khan
- College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Osama Marglani
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, SAU
- Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wise SK, Damask C, Roland LT, Ebert C, Levy JM, Lin S, Luong A, Rodriguez K, Sedaghat AR, Toskala E, Villwock J, Abdullah B, Akdis C, Alt JA, Ansotegui IJ, Azar A, Baroody F, Benninger MS, Bernstein J, Brook C, Campbell R, Casale T, Chaaban MR, Chew FT, Chambliss J, Cianferoni A, Custovic A, Davis EM, DelGaudio JM, Ellis AK, Flanagan C, Fokkens WJ, Franzese C, Greenhawt M, Gill A, Halderman A, Hohlfeld JM, Incorvaia C, Joe SA, Joshi S, Kuruvilla ME, Kim J, Klein AM, Krouse HJ, Kuan EC, Lang D, Larenas-Linnemann D, Laury AM, Lechner M, Lee SE, Lee VS, Loftus P, Marcus S, Marzouk H, Mattos J, McCoul E, Melen E, Mims JW, Mullol J, Nayak JV, Oppenheimer J, Orlandi RR, Phillips K, Platt M, Ramanathan M, Raymond M, Rhee CS, Reitsma S, Ryan M, Sastre J, Schlosser RJ, Schuman TA, Shaker MS, Sheikh A, Smith KA, Soyka MB, Takashima M, Tang M, Tantilipikorn P, Taw MB, Tversky J, Tyler MA, Veling MC, Wallace D, Wang DY, White A, Zhang L. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Allergic rhinitis - 2023. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2023; 13:293-859. [PMID: 36878860 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the 5 years that have passed since the publication of the 2018 International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2018), the literature has expanded substantially. The ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 update presents 144 individual topics on allergic rhinitis (AR), expanded by over 40 topics from the 2018 document. Originally presented topics from 2018 have also been reviewed and updated. The executive summary highlights key evidence-based findings and recommendation from the full document. METHODS ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 employed established evidence-based review with recommendation (EBRR) methodology to individually evaluate each topic. Stepwise iterative peer review and consensus was performed for each topic. The final document was then collated and includes the results of this work. RESULTS ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 includes 10 major content areas and 144 individual topics related to AR. For a substantial proportion of topics included, an aggregate grade of evidence is presented, which is determined by collating the levels of evidence for each available study identified in the literature. For topics in which a diagnostic or therapeutic intervention is considered, a recommendation summary is presented, which considers the aggregate grade of evidence, benefit, harm, and cost. CONCLUSION The ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 update provides a comprehensive evaluation of AR and the currently available evidence. It is this evidence that contributes to our current knowledge base and recommendations for patient evaluation and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Wise
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cecelia Damask
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Private Practice, University of Central Florida, Lake Mary, Florida, USA
| | - Lauren T Roland
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Charles Ebert
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joshua M Levy
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sandra Lin
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amber Luong
- Otolaryngology-HNS, McGovern Medical School of the University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth Rodriguez
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ahmad R Sedaghat
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Elina Toskala
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Baharudin Abdullah
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang, Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Cezmi Akdis
- Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Antoine Azar
- Allergy/Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fuad Baroody
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Christopher Brook
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Harvard University, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raewyn Campbell
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Casale
- Allergy/Immunology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Mohamad R Chaaban
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Cleveland Clinic, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Allergy/Immunology, Genetics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Chambliss
- Allergy/Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Antonella Cianferoni
- Allergy/Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anne K Ellis
- Allergy/Immunology, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Wytske J Fokkens
- Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Matthew Greenhawt
- Allergy/Immunology, Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amarbir Gill
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ashleigh Halderman
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jens M Hohlfeld
- Respiratory Medicine, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Stephanie A Joe
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shyam Joshi
- Allergy/Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Jean Kim
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam M Klein
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Helene J Krouse
- Otorhinolaryngology Nursing, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Edward C Kuan
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - David Lang
- Allergy/Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Matt Lechner
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University College London, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Stella E Lee
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Victoria S Lee
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Patricia Loftus
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sonya Marcus
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Haidy Marzouk
- Otolaryngology-HNS, State University of New York Upstate, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Jose Mattos
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Edward McCoul
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Erik Melen
- Pediatric Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James W Mims
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jayakar V Nayak
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - John Oppenheimer
- Allergy/Immunology, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Katie Phillips
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Platt
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Chae-Seo Rhee
- Rhinology/Allergy, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sietze Reitsma
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthew Ryan
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Joaquin Sastre
- Allergy, Fundacion Jiminez Diaz, University Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Theodore A Schuman
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Marcus S Shaker
- Allergy/Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Primary Care, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Kristine A Smith
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michael B Soyka
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Masayoshi Takashima
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Monica Tang
- Allergy/Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Malcolm B Taw
- Integrative East-West Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Westlake Village, California, USA
| | - Jody Tversky
- Allergy/Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew A Tyler
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maria C Veling
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Dana Wallace
- Allergy/Immunology, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - De Yun Wang
- Otolaryngology-HNS, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew White
- Allergy/Immunology, Scripps Clinic, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Luo Zhang
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alatawi AM, Alanazi AMM, Almutairi ABS, Albalawi RFA, Alhakami AAM, Alnuaman AAS, Alzahrani LDD, Albalwi ZS, Alabawy AAH, Aljohani LMM, Alatawi NAS. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Allergic Diseases Among School Students in Tabuk: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e36658. [PMID: 37101984 PMCID: PMC10123386 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis are common health problems among children. The prevalence of different allergic diseases is increasing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of allergic diseases among school students in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. METHODS This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia, between the first of August and the end of September, 2022. Students from primary, intermediate, and secondary schools were included. A predesigned, structured, self-administered questionnaire in the Arabic language was used to collect data. RESULTS This study included 384 school students from Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. The age of the recruited students ranged from five to 19 years old. The prevalence of clinically diagnosed bronchial asthma that occurred at any time in the past was 31.8%. The prevalence of asthma symptoms was 51.0% for lifetime wheezing and 45.8% for current wheezing (in the past 12 months). The prevalence rates of clinically diagnosed allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis were 56.8% and 30.2%, respectively. Further, 68.2% of the school students had one or more of the diagnosed allergic diseases. The second or more childbirth orders were significantly associated with an increased risk of allergic diseases (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.140, 95% CI: 1.864-5.288). A family history of asthma or atopic conditions showed 3.118 times increased likelihood of allergic conditions (AOR = 3.118, 95% CI: 1.827-5.320). Other significant risk factors were the father's smoking (AOR = 1.698, 95% CI: 1.024-2.817) and having a dog, cat, or bird at home (AOR = 0.493, 95% CI: 0.257-0.946). CONCLUSION The prevalence of bronchial asthma and other allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis among school students in Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia, is alarmingly high. Furthermore, both genetic and environmental components of allergic disease pathogenesis have been identified as risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirah M Alatawi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ziad Saleh Albalwi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, SAU
| | - Abeer Ali H Alabawy
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, SAU
| | | | - Nouf Ali S Alatawi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aburiziza A, Almatrafi MA, Alonazi AS, Zatari MH, Alqouzi SA, Mandili RA, Hawsawi WT, Aljohani RH. The Prevalence, Clinical Picture, and Triggers of Allergic Rhinitis in Saudi Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:1831-1849. [PMID: 36582219 PMCID: PMC9793734 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s391142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To summarize the current evidence regarding the prevalence of Allergic rhinitis (AR) and its symptoms, triggers, and impact on the quality of life of the Saudi population. Methods A Computerized Search in MEDLINE via PubMed, MEDLINE Core database, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted using relevant keywords. A two-stage screening process, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted by four independent reviewers. Comprehensive Meta-analysis was used for all statistical analyses (CMA; USA: version 3.3.070). Results Sixteen articles (n= 31,990 patients) were included. The overall estimated prevalence of AR was 21.2%, 95% CI (12.8-33.1%). Males had a higher prevalence of AR than females (31.7% vs 27.1%), although the difference was not significant (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 0.78-1.953; p=0.356). Children and adolescents exhibited a lower prevalence of AR than adults (13.7% vs 31.1%). Urban AR prevalence was much greater than rural (38.4% vs 13.0%). Asthma, atopic dermatitis, and eczema are all associated with AR. The most common signs and symptoms of AR were headache 33.9%, watery discharge 28.6%, sneezing 24.6%, itchy nose, runny nose 22.2%, nasal obstruction or congestion 22.0%, loss of smell 21.9%, and wheezing 17.2%. The most prevalent triggers of AR were perfume 36.8%, dust 27.3%, air conditioning 23.4%, weather or temperature changes 17.8%, air pollution 14.5%, drugs or chemicals 13.8%, tobacco 10.8%, atopy 10.3%, and insects 10.2%. Conclusion The overall prevalence of AR in Saudi Arabia is 21.2%. The prevalence of AR was comparable in both males and females. However, it was higher in adults than in children and adolescents, and in urban areas than rural areas. Asthma, atopic dermatitis, and eczema co-occurrence with AR are common. AR has a negative impact on the quality of life of the patients in the form of interference with daily activities, sleep problems, difficulty of breath, and school absenteeism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Aburiziza
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia,Correspondence: Abdullah Aburiziza, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, Email
| | - Mohammed A Almatrafi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Elezbawy B, Fasseeh AN, Fouly E, Tannira M, Dalle H, Aderian S, Abu Esba LC, Al Abdulkarim H, Ammoury A, Altawil E, Al Turaiki A, Albreiki F, Al-Haddab M, Al-Lafi A, Alowayesh M, Al-Sheikh A, Elsayed M, Elshamy A, Eshmawi M, Farag A, Hamadah I, Hedibel M, Kannenberg S, Karam R, Metni M, Raboobee N, Steinhoff M, Abaza S, Farghaly M, Kaló Z. Humanistic and Economic Burden of Atopic Dermatitis for Adults and Adolescents in the Middle East and Africa Region. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 13:131-146. [PMID: 36445612 PMCID: PMC9823172 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease that poses a significant burden on both patients and the society. AD causes the highest loss in disability-adjusted life years compared with other skin diseases. This study aimed to estimate the economic and humanistic burden of AD in adults and adolescents in seven countries in the Middle East and Africa region (Egypt, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Algeria, South Africa, and United Arab Emirates). METHODS We conducted a literature review to identify country-specific data on this disease. Subsequently, meetings were organized with experts from each country to complete the missing data. The data were aggregated and calculation models were created to estimate the value of the humanistic and economic burden of the disease in each country. Finally, we conducted meetings with local experts to validate the results, and the necessary adjustments were made. RESULTS On average, a patient with AD loses 0.19 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) annually owing to this disease. The average annual healthcare cost per patient is highest in the United Arab Emirates, with an estimated value of US $3569 and a population-level indirect cost of US $112.5 million. The included countries allocated a range of 0.20-0.77% of their healthcare expenditure to AD-related healthcare services and technologies. The indirect cost of AD represents approximately 67% of the total disease cost and, on average, approximately 0.043% (range 0.022-0.059%) of the gross domestic product (GDP) of each country. CONCLUSION Although the humanistic and economic burdens differ from country to country, AD carries a significant socioeconomic burden in all countries. The quality of life is severely affected by the disease. If AD is controlled, the costs, especially indirect costs, could decrease and the disease burden could be alleviated significantly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baher Elezbawy
- Syreon Middle East, 142 Elshaheed Galal Eldesouky Street, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | | | - Essam Fouly
- Syreon Middle East, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Hala Dalle
- AbbVie BioPharmaceuticals, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Laila Carolina Abu Esba
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana Al Abdulkarim
- Drug Policy and Economic Center, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Esraa Altawil
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al Turaiki
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Albreiki
- Department of Dermatology, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Al-Haddab
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atlal Al-Lafi
- Department of Dermatology, As'ad Al Hamad Dermatology Centre, Shuwaikh Medical, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Maryam Alowayesh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Afaf Al-Sheikh
- Dermatology Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amin Elshamy
- Wellbeing Office, Public Health Sector, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Issam Hamadah
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meriem Hedibel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Algiers, Algiers, Algeria
| | | | - Rita Karam
- Faculty of Sciences and Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mirna Metni
- Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Martin Steinhoff
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | - Mohamed Farghaly
- Insurance Medical Regulation, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zoltán Kaló
- Center for Health Technology Assessment, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Syreon Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wong QYA, Lim JJ, Ng JY, Malipeddi P, Teo WY, Lim YYE, Ng YT, Sio YY, Matta SA, Wong YR, Teh KF, Rawanan Shah SM, Reginald K, Say YH, Chew FT. Allergic rhinitis in Chinese young adults from the Singapore/Malaysia cross-sectional genetics epidemiology study (SMCGES) cohort: Prevalence, patterns, and epidemiology of allergic rhinitis. World Allergy Organ J 2022; 15:100704. [PMID: 36267097 PMCID: PMC9554817 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by the occurrence of at least 2 symptoms of nasal itching, nasal blockage, rhinorrhea, and sneezing, when not afflicted with a cold or flu, with defined atopic sensitization demonstrated by skin prick test or specific IgE responses. Besides the detriment to standard of living and economic burden of AR, both multicentre and single-cohort studies have observed an increase in AR prevalence in Asia over time. Methods In total, 12 872 individuals, with mean age 22.1 years (SD = 4.8), were recruited from universities in Singapore and Malaysia. Each participant provided epidemiological data based on an investigator-administered questionnaire adapted from the validated International Study of Allergies and Asthma in Childhood (ISAAC) protocol, and atopy status was determined using a skin prick test (SPT) performed by qualified staff. AR was diagnosed according to Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines and a positive SPT result. Results Sensitization (determined by SPT) to either Blomia tropicalis or Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was prevalent in 66.5% of the cohort. Current rhinitis (manifesting ≥2 rhinitis symptoms, within the past 12 months) was observed in 48.9% of our population, while AR, which included atopy status, was estimated at 39.4%. Sneezing and rhinorrhea were the most common symptoms among AR cases. AR prevalence decreased with increasing age (OR: 0.979; 95% CI: 0.969-0.989), while male gender (OR: 2.053; 95% CI: 1.839-2.294), and a parental history of allergic diseases (OR: 2.750; 95% CI: 2.284-3.316) were significant risk factors for AR. Upon adjustment for age, gender, and parental history, housing type (OR: 0.632; 95% CI: 0.543-0.736) and income level (>$6000 vs <$2000; OR: 2.461; 95% CI: 2.058-2.947) remained as significant risk factors for AR, while ever having kept a pet (OR: 1.167; 95% CI: 1.025-1.328) emerged as a risk factor. Conflicting results were obtained for indicators of sedentary lifestyle: frequent physical activity (OR: 1.394; 95% CI: 1.150-1.694) and increased duration spent using the TV/computer (OR: 1.224; 95% CI: 1.006-1.489) both increased the risk of AR. Lastly, we used the Quality of Diet based on Glycaemic Index Score (QDGIS) to assess the Glycaemic Index (GI) level of overall diet. We identified lower GI level of overall diet as a protective factor against AR manifestation (OR: 0.682; 95% CI: 0.577-0.807). Conclusion While the previously established non-modifiable risk factors for AR were present in our study population, the identification of modifiable risk factors, such as TV/computer usage, and dietary habits, opens a new area for research, both in the areas of gene-environment interaction, and management of AR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yi Ambrose Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jun Jie Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jun Yan Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Praneeth Malipeddi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wei Yi Teo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yi Ying Eliza Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yu Ting Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yang Yie Sio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Sri Anusha Matta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yi Ru Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keng Foo Teh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Smyrna Moti Rawanan Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kavita Reginald
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yee How Say
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia,Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore,Corresponding author. Department of Biological Sciences; Vice Dean, Faculty of Science Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, 117543, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
AlKhater S. Physicians' Understanding of the Role of the Microbiome in Allergies and Asthma: A Questionnaire-Based Study in Saudi Arabia. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:1081-1091. [PMID: 35996425 PMCID: PMC9392491 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s372725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Allergies and asthma are two noncommunicable illnesses of increasing public health concern in Saudi Arabia. Nevertheless, little is known about knowledge of the microbiome and its relationship to asthma and allergy risks among healthcare professionals, such as pediatricians and family medicine practitioners, who are often involved in the care of patients suffering from these illnesses. Therefore, this study aimed to examine knowledge about microbiome science in these healthcare workers in the eastern region of the kingdom, where allergies and asthma are highly prevalent. Patients and Methods The study survey consisted of 37 online questions in three topical domains, including microbiome science, dysbiosis, and probiotics, and was distributed to 203 participants in various demographic groups. Results The survey analysis revealed that the mean knowledge score was 67.6%. The component scores were highest for the microbiome (75.6%) and lowest for dysbiosis (52.6%). Only 17.7% of the healthcare workers were prescribing probiotic food or drinks for most of their patients with allergies and/or asthma; and 37.8% of the healthcare workers were unaware of the reasons for prescribing pro-/prebiotics. Regression analysis revealed that older age (>45 years old), probiotic prescription experience, and positive beliefs about the importance of nutritional advice were independent predictors of higher microbiome knowledge. Conclusion The analysis not only revealed existing gaps in microbiome knowledge among the participants, including those related to the role of the microbiome in allergy and asthma development but also identified predictors of higher microbiome knowledge. These observations provide an impetus for the rational design of continuing medical education curriculum and training to update healthcare professionals with emerging clinical application of microbiome knowledge for the management of microbiome-related illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzan AlKhater
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatrics, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fatani MI, Al Sheikh AA, Alajlan MA, Alharithy RS, Binamer Y, Albarakati RG, Alenzi KA, Khardaly AM, Alomari BA, Almudaiheem HY, Al-Jedai A, Eshmawi MT. National Saudi Consensus Statement on the Management of Atopic Dermatitis (2021). Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:1551-1575. [PMID: 35788543 PMCID: PMC9252549 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00762-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with an increasing prevalence regionally and globally. It is characterized by intense itching and recurrent eczematous lesions. With the increase in the availability of treatment options for healthcare practitioner and patients, new challenges arise for treatment selection and approach. The current consensus statement has been developed to provide up-to-date evidence and evidence-based recommendations to guide dermatologists and healthcare professionals managing patients with AD in Saudi Arabia. By an initiative from the Ministry of Health (MOH), a multidisciplinary work group of 11 experts was convened to review and discuss aspects of AD management. Four consensus meetings were held on January 14, February 4, February 25, and March 18 of 2021. All consensus content was voted on by the work group, including diagnostic criteria, AD severity assessment, comorbidities, and therapeutic options for AD. Special consideration for the pediatric population, as well as women during pregnancy and lactation, was also discussed. The present consensus document will be updated as needed to incorporate new data or therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Afaf A Al Sheikh
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Medical City (National Guard Health Affairs), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ruaa S Alharithy
- Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Binamer
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalidah A Alenzi
- Regional Drug Information and Pharmacovigilance Center, Ministry of Health, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr M Khardaly
- Deputyship of Therapeutic Affairs, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ahmed Al-Jedai
- Deputyship of Therapeutic Affairs, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysa T Eshmawi
- King Abdullah Medical Complex, Prince Nayef Street, Northern Abhor, Jeddah, 23816, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alamri A, AlKhater SA. Evaluating the knowledge on microbiome and dysbiosis in allergic diseases among medical sciences students in Saudi Arabia. Clin Mol Allergy 2022; 20:2. [PMID: 35094706 PMCID: PMC8802525 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-022-00168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiome science deals with the development of diseases that are derived from the interaction between the host immune system and microbes. Microbiome disturbance or dysbiosis has been increasingly recognized as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Thus, this field is pivotal in the management of allergic disorders. Despite the increasing prevalence of allergic disorders in Saudi Arabia, medical students lack knowledge of microbiome science. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of knowledge of medical sciences students on the human microbiome, dysbiosis, and management of the impaired microbiome with a focus on allergic diseases and asthma. METHODS An online survey was designed, validated, and distributed to 100 final-year students and interns majoring in clinical nutrition, public health, and clinical laboratory sciences at a single university in Saudi Arabia. The study period was from November 2020 to January 2021. RESULTS The overall knowledge of the human microbiome was adequate among the participants, but their understanding of dysbiosis and management of the impaired microbiome was low to moderate. Knowledge of dysbiosis management was significantly higher in students majoring in clinical nutrition than in those majoring in public health and clinical laboratory sciences. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this study provides the first evidence that knowledge of specific domains of microbiome science among a cohort of medical sciences students in Saudi Arabia is insufficient. Large-scale studies are warranted to confirm these observations at a national level, and specific curriculum modifications are necessary to improve the knowledge of future healthcare professionals about clinical applications of microbiome science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suzan A AlKhater
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Elezbawy B, Fasseeh AN, Fouly E, Esba LCA, Al Abdulkarim H, Al-Haddab M, Al-Sheikh A, Altawil E, Al Turaiki A, Eshmawi M, Hamadah I, Tannira M, Dalle H, Aderian S, Roshdy A, Jaheen A, Hamad T, Abaza S, Kaló Z. The humanistic and economic burden of atopic dermatitis among adults and adolescents in Saudi Arabia. J Med Econ 2022; 25:1231-1239. [PMID: 36426726 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2022.2152234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease that creates a significant burden to patients and society. There is scarcity in local data about the burden of AD in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). We aimed to fill in this gap and quantify the humanistic and economic burden of AD among adults and adolescents in KSA.Materials and methods: A literature search and local expert interviews were conducted to assess the disease burden. Prevalence values were estimated through the literature. International data about health-related quality of life lost owing to AD was adjusted to age and prevalence in KSA. Direct and indirect costs were calculated using a bottom-up approach. Resource utilization data were collected from local dermatologists through online interviews, and indirect costs were based on absenteeism and presenteeism estimates. Validation meetings were conducted with local experts to adjust the final estimates.Results: The age-standardized health loss per patient due to AD is 0.187 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) annually, aggregating to 64 thousand lost QALYs in KSA. The annual average direct cost for a patient with AD was 2924 Saudi Riyal (SAR; 780 USD), totaling 373 million SAR in KSA (99.5 million USD). This value represents 0.2% of the annual health expenditure in KSA. The total productivity loss due to AD was 1.36 billion SAR (363.7 million USD). Overall, the economic burden of AD consumes up to 0.059% of the national gross domestic product.Limitations: Local quality of life and productivity lost data were not available for KSA, so global averages were used, assuming these numbers also apply to KSA.Conclusion: Indirect costs represent a large proportion of AD burden in KSA. The disease has a substantial effect on patient quality of life and social well-being. Alleviating the burden might result in significant savings in resources to society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hana Al Abdulkarim
- Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Afaf Al-Sheikh
- Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esraa Altawil
- King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Issam Hamadah
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hala Dalle
- AbbVie BioPharmaceuticals, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zoltán Kaló
- Center for Health Technology Assessment, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Syreon Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|