Adolescent physical activity-related injuries in school physical education and leisure-time sports

Goal Orientation and Desire for Approval Were Associated With Sports Injuries Among Young Japanese Athletes

Introduction

This study aimed to clarify the relationship between psychological factors (goal orientation and desire for approval from others) and the severity of sports injuries experienced by young Japanese athletes.

Methods

A total of 560 young Japanese athletes (328 males and 232 females) aged 18-24 years completed an online survey in 2022-2023. A web questionnaire was used to investigate participants' task and ego orientations, desire for approval from others (e.g., coaches and friends/families), and history of injury. The samples were then split into 3 groups on the basis of the rest duration due to the injury: noninjury group (0 days), mild-to-moderate injury group (1-27 days), and severe injury group (>28 days). Spearman's test examined a correlation between task and ego orientation scores among all samples. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the scores between the severe injury and noninjury groups.

Result

A significant positive correlation was found between task and ego orientation scores from all samples (ρ=0.27, p<0.001). The severe injury group had significantly higher task orientation scores and desire for approval scores than the noninjury group (ρ=0.001, p<0.001).

Conclusions

Japanese young athletes with high task orientation and approval desire may be at risk of severe sports injuries requiring >4 weeks to return to sports. The goal orientation profiles should be interpreted with caution. Future research should examine contextual effects such as the perceived motivational climate, in addition to the goal orientation profiles.

Knowledge, attitudes, practice, and public health education demand regarding PARI prevention: a cross-sectional study among Chinese undergraduates

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of university students in China regarding the need for PARI and public health education.

Methods

A cross-sectional online and offline survey was conducted in China website through Wenjuanxing and in different cities such as Changsha Hunan Province, Shanghai, Chongqing and in different public scenarios, such as hospitals, universities, and commercial venues between September 1 and September 7, 2023, using a 28-question questionnaire designed and reviewed by multidisciplinary experts.

Results

A total of 4,096 respondents were recruited for this study, with 3,957 valid questionnaires. The mean knowledge score was 1.84 ± 0.52, the mean attitude score was 2.12 ± 0.51, and the mean practice score was 3.18 ± 0.55. Regression analyses found that: region, grade, school, and weekly anaerobic exercise time were influences on the knowledge score; region, grade, school, and weekly anaerobic exercise time were influences on the attitude score; region, grade, school attended, weekly anaerobic exercise time and weekly anaerobic exercise time as influences on the practice score. Subgroup analyses revealed that undergraduates from southern regions and 985 schools had higher knowledge attitude scores and lower practice scores. As the grade level increased, the knowledge and attitude scores showed a V-shaped trend and the behavior scores showed an inverted V-shaped trend. Correlation analysis found a positive correlation between knowledge and attitude scores, and a negative correlation between both and behavior, respectively. The public health education needs survey found that undergraduate students generally preferred guided instruction methods and content centered on the RICE principles, they preferred learning through books and pamphlets, and they were happy to see relevant content promoted in the campus environment.

Conclusion

This study shows that Chinese undergraduate students have less knowledge, neutral attitudes, and good behaviors regarding PARI prevention. Special attention should be paid to meeting the needs of undergraduate students for public health education to equip them with relevant knowledge so that they can better behave in PARI prevention.

The associated factors for physical activity-related injuries among first-year university students in southern China from a biopsychosocial perspective

Background

Understanding the diverse factors influencing physical activity-related injuries is crucial for developing effective interventions that enable individuals to participate in physical activity (PA) while minimizing injury risk. Currently, research evidence on the multiple factors associated with PA-related injuries is inadequate. This study aimed to examine the associations between PA-related injuries and various biological, psychological, and social factors among first-year university students in China.

Methods

We recruited first-year university students from Shantou University in Guangdong Province, China, to participate in our study. Data collection employed a structured self-administered questionnaire, gathering information on PA-related injuries, as well as relevant biological, psychological, and social factors. Binary logistic regression, using a stepwise modeling approach, was employed for the data analysis.

Results

Among 1,051 first-year university students, 28.16% reported having experienced PA-related injuries in the past year. Most of the injuries reported were minor, with the knee or lower leg being the most frequently injured part of the body. Improper posture, environmental conditions, and excessive physical load were the leading causes of PA-related injuries. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that female students (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.47-0.94, p = 0.022) had reduced odds of PA-related injuries. Conversely, high neuroticism (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.07-2.41, p = 0.022), being a member of a sports team (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.34-3.27, p < 0.001), PA on the wet ground (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.18-2.54, p = 0.005) increased the odds of PA-related injuries.

Conclusion

Our findings underscore the intricate interplay of various factors contributing to PA-related injuries. Identifying high-risk individuals based on physiological and psychological characteristics, coupled with targeted interventions addressing modifiable risk factors, is crucial for effective prevention.

Sleep characteristics and adolescent physical activity-related injuries in sports clubs, leisure time and schools

OBJECTIVE

Sleep has been identified as an important factor in relation to physical activity-related injury (PARI) in adolescents. The study aimed to explore associations between sleep duration, sleep problems and PARI among Slovak adolescents in three different settings: sports clubs, leisure time and schools.

METHODS

We analysed data from the cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study conducted in 2022 on a representative sample of 10 163 Slovak adolescents aged from 10.5 to 18.3 (mean age 13.4 (SD=1.5); 50.9% boys). Data were collected through self-administered online questionnaires completed by respondents in schools during the classes. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess associations between sleep duration during schooldays and weekends, sleep problems and PARI in sports clubs, leisure time and schools.

RESULTS

Adolescents with normal sleep duration during schooldays and those who reported no problems with falling asleep, waking up at night and day sleepiness had a higher chance of not being injured during PA in sports clubs, leisure time and schools compared with adolescents with short sleep duration and sleep problems. Sufficient sleep duration during the weekend increased the probability of not having PARI in leisure time and schools, with the strongest association between long sleep duration and PARI in leisure time.

CONCLUSION

Good sleep quality and sufficient sleep duration were found to play a protective role in relation to PARI in adolescents. The findings suggest implementing sleep interventions in PARI prevention programmes, which must be considered a key component of adolescent PA promotion.

Comparison of Korean School Students' Safety Accident Rates before and after COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected various aspects of education, including the occurrence of injuries among Korean students. This study aims to analyze and compare injury rates in elementary, middle, and high schools before and after the pandemic and identify the associated factors. A non-experimental quantitative dataset compiled from the Korea School Safety Association's annual reports (2018-2022) was utilized. The data included information on school safety accidents among Korean children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The dataset was analyzed based on factors such as time, location, type of accident, and injured body part. The findings revealed a decline in accidents during the early phase of the pandemic, followed by an increase after schools reopened. There were notable variations in the accidents in specific locations, types, and body parts affected during the pandemic, compared with the pre-pandemic period. This study highlights the importance of continuous monitoring, implementation of safety measures, and prioritization of physical activity programs and safety education to ensure a safe learning environment. Further research is recommended to track and address evolving school accidents in response to the pandemic and its aftermath.

Injuries of Primary School Children during Sports Activities

Introduction

The purpose of the research was to analyse the injuries of primary school children in the framework of organised sports activities at school and in clubs or associations, and in leisure time without professional guidance.

Methods

We surveyed 631 participants, of which there were 282 boys and 349 girls from eight Slovenian primary schools. Frequencies were calculated and a Chi-square test was performed.

Results

In physical education (PE) at school, 32% of the participants were injured in one school year, and there were no statistically significant differences in the number of injuries according to sex (p=0.18) and age (p=0.12). Most injuries were recorded in the lower extremities (50%), in the form of wounds. The participants were injured less often in PE at school than in a club or association, and more often than in their leisure time. The participants were absent from PE classes for longer after an injury in a club or association than in PE, while no significant differences in absences after injury were found. At school, the participants were most often injured in ball games, boys in football (43%) and girls in volleyball (19%). In activities in a club or association, we recorded the most injuries in boys in martial arts (18%) and dance for girls (19%). In their leisure time, boys suffered the most injuries from football (26%) and cycling, while girls suffered the most from running and rollerblading.

Conclusion

In the last ten years, the number of injuries in PE has increased in Slovenia. Based on the obtained results, we propose measures to reduce injuries and thus encourage more sports activities among children and adolescents, while ensuring their safety.

Identification of Sports Athletes' High-Strength Sports Injuries Based on NMR

In order to study the high-strength sports injury in sports, this paper proposes a method based on NMR to identify the high-strength sports injury of sports athletes. This method carries out a questionnaire survey and research on the athletes who are excellent in sports dance major from 2019 to 2021 in the Institute of Physical Education. The athletes' age range is 18-25 years, and the training period of sports dance is 3-5 years. The results show that compared with other recognition methods, the recognition method based on NMR has higher accuracy and efficiency. The method of this study is helpful to improve the recognition efficiency and accuracy. Athletes are very easy to get injured during sports. In order to reduce the degree of injury of athletes, we should strictly follow the action standards in the training process to avoid serious injury.

The influence of specialization and the level of physical activism on leisure options for students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports

Leisure activities, their dynamics in ontogenesis and the way of managing the time allocated to them are a topic that is frequently researched. Purpose: to investigate students' attitudes, aiming at aspects related to forms of leisure, depending on specialization and level of physical activism, by applying a questionnaire. Material and method: The research took place in the academic year 2019-2020, on a number of 180 students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports in Galați. The differences for the pairs of independent specialty variables (PES / physical education and sport and PT / physical therapy), respectively physical activity (HLPA / high level of physical activity, and LLPA / low level of physical activity were analyzed, by applying the techniques of MANOVA and ANOVA calculation. Results: Multivariate analysis indicates significant effects of the physical activity variable on the items of the questionnaire for leisure budget factors, preferred leisure activities, leisure sports activities, and for the specialty variable significant effects are determined only at leisure sports activities, so the level of physical activism will generate more differences between the opinions expressed compared to the specialization of students. Univariate test results indicate significant F values (P <0.05) for a number of items, with weaker values, dominant for PT and LLPA groups. Sports activities and socializing on the internet (defining variant of young people) are at the top, so they do not exclude each other. Conclusion: the students from the PES and HLPA groups stand out through a better organization of free time, high satisfaction of its capitalization, a greater involvement in the variants of active leisure and superior socialization, and those from the PT and LLPA groups allocate more time to watching on TV and using the internet. Keywords: physical activism, specialization, questionnaire, active and passive leisure options, opinions

THE INFLUENCE OF BODY INDEX MASS ON THE LEISURE TYPES FOR THE STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS

The study aims to investigate the ways of spending free time for a group of 180 students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports in Galati (years 1, 2 and 3 of cycle 1 / bachelor’s degree studies, with an average age of 22.34 ± 5.79 years.), by using a questionnaire-based survey, structured on 4 distinct factors: leisure time budget, causes limiting leisure time, favorite leisure activities and leisure sports activities. The purpose of the research is to determine the perception of students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports on how to spend free time and determine differences of opinion, depending on BMI / body mass index, by dividing them into 3 groups (underweight, normal weight or overweight). Results: The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicates significant influences of the independent variable on the response values for the following items (F <.05): inaccessibility of going out with friends, stress generated by shopping, limiting free time to help others, spending free time with entourage and life partner, spending holidays in the country, etc. Socializing on the internet, physical sports activities, TV, internet and computer games, going out with friends are the preferred options for students, and reading gets low scores. The differences between groups (in most cases insignificant) however, signal that normal weight students watch TV and the Internet the least, but waste more time with commuting and household activities and have high scores when involved in most sports. Overweight people have low scores for time spent on favorite activities, are most dissatisfied with time management, work more overtime, spend less time with those around them, but prefer to spend time with their life partner or alone, have slightly better scores for reading and music auditions, get the lowest scores for involvement in most sports activities, but have high satisfaction generated by physical effort. Underweight students perceive the inaccessibility of going out with friends more strongly, are more affected by difficult homework, have a higher level of stress for reading, but perceive most other activities as less stressful, socialize more on the internet, prefer jogging and cycling / rollerblading as sports activities. Swimming is selected by all groups as indicated for optimizing health and ensuring body harmony, even if its practice is deficient, and contact / combat sports are indicated as the most risky for physical integrity. Keywords: active and passive leisure, lifestyle, physical and mental health, opinions, accessibility

Adverse Events During Supervised Exercise Interventions in Pediatric Oncology-A Nationwide Survey

Objectives: Exercise interventions during and after treatment for pediatric cancer are associated with beneficial physical, psychological, and social effects. However, valid data about adverse events (AEs) of such interventions have rarely been evaluated. This retrospective study evaluates AEs that occurred during supervised oncological exercise programs for pediatric cancer patients and survivors. Methods: This Germany-wide study used a self-administered online survey focusing on general program characteristics and AEs retrospectively for 2019. The questionnaire included (a) basic data on the offered exercise program, (b) AEs with consequences (Grade 2-5) that occurred in 2019 during an exercise intervention, (c) number of Grade 1 AEs, (d) safety procedures as part of the exercise programs, and (e) possibility to give feedback and describe experience with AEs in free text. Results: Out of 26 eligible exercise programs, response rate of program leaders was 92.3% (n = 24). Representatives working for Universities (n = 6), rehabilitation clinics (n = 3), acute cancer clinics (n = 12), and activity camps (n = 3) participated. In total, 35,110 exercise interventions with varying duration were recorded for 2019. Six AEs with consequences (Grade 2-3) occurred during exercise interventions after cancer treatment resulting in an incidence of 17 per 100,000 exercise interventions (0.017%). No life-threatening consequences or death were reported and no serious AE occurred during acute cancer treatment. Grade 1 AE occurred with a frequency of 983, corresponding to an incidence of 2,800 per 100,000 interventions (2.8%). Most frequent Grade 1 AE were muscle soreness, circulatory problems, and abdominal pain. The most frequent preventive safety procedures at the institutions were regular breaks, consultations with the medical treatment team, and material selection with low injury potential. Conclusions: Supervised exercise interventions for pediatric cancer patients and survivors seem to be safe and AEs with consequences comparatively rare when compared to general childhood population data. Occurrence of grade 1 AEs was common, however, causality was probably not evident between AEs and the exercise intervention. Future research should standardize assessment of AEs in clinical practice and research, and prospectively register and evaluate AEs that occur in the context of exercise interventions in pediatric cancer patients and survivors.