Pineal teratoma with nephroblastic component in a newborn male: Case report and review of the literature

Neonatal germ cell tumors are rare and comprise both benign and malignant neoplasms. Teratoma with nephroblastoma is a malignant subset defined pathologically by the presence of nephroblastoma and teratoma elements. Although teratoma with nephroblastoma is most often found in the kidney, 24 of 59 reported cases are associated with extrarenal locations, such as the mediastinum or retroperitoneum. To our knowledge, this is the first patient in the literature with intracranial/pineal teratoma with nephroblastoma, which was managed with staged transcranial approaches resulting in gross total resection and no adjuvant therapy (surveillance observation imaging). We further augmented the patient's management by comprehensive genomic profiling of the tumor to better understand the molecular biology and explore options for targeted therapy.

Extrarenal teratoma with nephroblastoma in the retroperitoneum: Case report and literature review

RATIONALE

Teratoma with nephroblastoma is a rare disease. The most common site at which teratoma with nephroblastoma occurs is the kidney. The mechanisms underlying the development of teratoma with nephroblastoma have not been fully elucidated.

PATIENT CONCERNS

In the current report, we describe the clinical characteristics of a 3-year-old girl with a complaint of a painless abdominal mass in the upper right side of the body. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a cystic-solid mass with a clear boundary.

DIAGNOSIS

Surgical resection and a subsequent pathological examination confirmed that the mass contained teratoma tissues and renal blastemal components, which supports the diagnosis of teratoma with nephroblastoma.

INTERVENTIONS

The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy through a transverse abdominal incision. Complete resection of the mass was performed in this patient.

OUTCOMES

The patient's postoperative course was uneventful and she was discharged on the 8th postoperative day. The girl had no complaints during the 2 years follow-up period.

LESSONS

Teratoma with nephroblastoma is a rare entity that typically presents in childhood. Due to its rarity, no standardized criteria have been established for the categorization and treatment of these lesions. However, a complete excision of this tumor allows the diagnosis to be confirmed and lowers the risk of recurrence.