1
|
Rissi DR, Miller AD, Demeter EA, Church ME, Koehler JW. Diagnostic immunohistochemistry of primary and secondary central nervous system neoplasms of dogs and cats. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:153-168. [PMID: 38234003 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231221858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of primary and secondary CNS neoplasms of dogs and cats relies on histologic examination of autopsy or biopsy samples. In addition, many neoplasms must be further characterized by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for a more refined diagnosis in specific cases. Given the many investigations assessing the diagnostic and prognostic IHC profile of CNS neoplasms in the veterinary literature, it may be difficult for the diagnostic pathologist or pathology trainee to narrow the list of reliable diagnostic IHCs when facing a challenging case. Here we compile a comprehensive list of the most diagnostically relevant immunomarkers that should be utilized for the diagnostic support or confirmation of the most common primary and secondary CNS neoplasms of dogs and cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Rissi
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Elena A Demeter
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Molly E Church
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer W Koehler
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tomanelli M, Florio T, Vargas GC, Pagano A, Modesto P. Domestic Animal Models of Central Nervous System Tumors: Focus on Meningiomas. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2284. [PMID: 38137885 PMCID: PMC10744527 DOI: 10.3390/life13122284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracranial primary tumors (IPTs) are aggressive forms of malignancies that cause high mortality in both humans and domestic animals. Meningiomas are frequent adult IPTs in humans, dogs, and cats, and both benign and malignant forms cause a decrease in life quality and survival. Surgery is the primary therapeutic approach to treat meningiomas, but, in many cases, it is not resolutive. The chemotherapy and targeted therapy used to treat meningiomas also display low efficacy and many side effects. Therefore, it is essential to find novel pharmacological approaches to increase the spectrum of therapeutic options for meningiomas. This review analyzes the similarities between human and domestic animal (dogs and cats) meningiomas by evaluating the molecular and histological characteristics, diagnosis criteria, and treatment options and highlighting possible research areas to identify novel targets and pharmacological approaches, which are useful for the diagnosis and therapy of this neoplasia to be used in human and veterinary medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tomanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.C.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Tullio Florio
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriela Coronel Vargas
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.C.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Aldo Pagano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.C.V.); (A.P.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Modesto
- National Reference Center for Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brady RV, Thamm DH. Tumor-associated macrophages: Prognostic and therapeutic targets for cancer in humans and dogs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176807. [PMID: 37090720 PMCID: PMC10113558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are ancient, phagocytic immune cells thought to have their origins 500 million years ago in metazoan phylogeny. The understanding of macrophages has evolved to encompass their foundational roles in development, homeostasis, tissue repair, inflammation, and immunity. Notably, macrophages display high plasticity in response to environmental cues, capable of a strikingly wide variety of dynamic gene signatures and phenotypes. Macrophages are also involved in many pathological states including neural disease, asthma, liver disease, heart disease, cancer, and others. In cancer, most tumor-associated immune cells are macrophages, coined tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). While some TAMs can display anti-tumor properties such as phagocytizing tumor cells and orchestrating an immune response, most macrophages in the tumor microenvironment are immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic. Macrophages have been implicated in all stages of cancer. Therefore, interest in manipulating macrophages as a therapeutic strategy against cancer developed as early as the 1970s. Companion dogs are a strong comparative immuno-oncology model for people due to documented similarities in the immune system and spontaneous cancers between the species. Data from clinical trials in humans and dogs can be leveraged to further scientific advancements that benefit both species. This review aims to provide a summary of the current state of knowledge on macrophages in general, and an in-depth review of macrophages as a therapeutic strategy against cancer in humans and companion dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V. Brady
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Douglas H. Thamm
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Costa VR, Soileau AM, Liu CC, Moeller CE, Carossino M, Langohr IM, Withers SS. Exploring the association of intratumoral immune cell infiltrates with histopathologic grade in canine mast cell tumors. Res Vet Sci 2022; 147:83-91. [PMID: 35490489 PMCID: PMC11293894 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous canine mast cell tumors (ccMCTs) vary in their biological behavior, treatment, and prognosis, based on their grade. Immune cell infiltration has been associated with prognosis and response to treatments in some human cancers, and immune-targeting therapeutics are increasingly being explored in veterinary oncology. However, currently little is known about the tumor microenvironment (TME) in ccMCTs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of T lymphocytes, T regulatory lymphocytes, PD-1+ cells and macrophages in low- and high-grade ccMCTs. Thirty low-grade and 20 high-grade formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded ccMCT samples were included. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect CD3, FOXP3, Iba1, and PD-1 on sequential sections. Three 400x fields with the highest numbers of CD3+ cells were identified for each tumor. The percentage of CD3+, FOXP3+, and Iba1+ cells, and the number of PD-1+ cells, was quantified in each of these three "hot-spot" fields using ImageJ software. Iba1 expression was significantly greater in high-grade compared to low-grade ccMCTs (mean = 12.5% vs. 9.6%, p = 0.043). PD-1 expression was low overall, but a significantly higher number of PD-1-expressing cells was observed in high-grade ccMCTs (median 1 vs. 0, p = 0.001). No significant difference was noted in CD3 and FOXP3 expression between ccMCT grades. Macrophages and PD-1+ cells were more frequent in high-grade, compared to low-grade ccMCTs. Further studies are needed to define the role of macrophages and rare PD-1+ cells in high-grade ccMCTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R Costa
- Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 1909 Skip Bertman Dr., Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Aimee M Soileau
- Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 1909 Skip Bertman Dr., Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Chin-Chi Liu
- Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 1909 Skip Bertman Dr., Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Cambri E Moeller
- Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 1909 Skip Bertman Dr., Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Mariano Carossino
- Louisiana State University, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, 1909 Skip Bertman Dr., Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Louisiana State University, Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (LADDL), River Rd, #1043, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Ingeborg M Langohr
- Louisiana State University, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, 1909 Skip Bertman Dr., Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Louisiana State University, Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (LADDL), River Rd, #1043, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Sita S Withers
- Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 1909 Skip Bertman Dr., Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Krane GA, O'Dea CA, Malarkey DE, Miller AD, Miller CR, Tokarz DA, Jensen HL, Janardhan KS, Shockley KR, Flagler N, Rainess BA, Mariani CL. Immunohistochemical evaluation of immune cell infiltration in canine gliomas. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:952-963. [PMID: 34196247 PMCID: PMC11404454 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211023946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Evasion of the immune response is an integral part of the pathogenesis of glioma. In humans, important mechanisms of immune evasion include recruitment of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and polarization of macrophages toward an M2 phenotype. Canine glioma has a robust immune cell infiltrate that has not been extensively characterized. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of immune cells infiltrating spontaneous intracranial canine gliomas. Seventy-three formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples were evaluated using immunohistochemistry for CD3, forkhead box 3 (FOXP3), CD20, Iba1, calprotectin (Mac387), CD163, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Immune cell infiltration was present in all tumors. Low-grade and high-grade gliomas significantly differed in the numbers of FoxP3+ cells, Mac387+ cells, and CD163+ cells (P = .006, .01, and .01, respectively). Considering all tumors, there was a significant increase in tumor area fraction of CD163 compared to Mac387 (P < .0001), and this ratio was greater in high-grade tumors than in low-grade tumors (P = .005). These data warrant further exploration into the roles of macrophage repolarization or Treg interference therapy in canine glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Krane
- 6857National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program, Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Comparative Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - David E Malarkey
- 6857National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program, Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Debra A Tokarz
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Heather L Jensen
- 6857National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program, Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Keith R Shockley
- Division of Intramural Research, Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Norris Flagler
- 6857National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program, Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Brittani A Rainess
- Comparative Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Christopher L Mariani
- Comparative Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dugandžija T, Drljača J, Bulajić D, Isaković A, Stilinović N, Sekulić S, Čapo I. Hallmarks of tumor-associated microglia response to experimental U87 human glioblastoma xenograft. Tissue Cell 2021; 72:101557. [PMID: 34051646 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the deadliest primary brain neoplasm, heavily infiltrated with tumor-associated microglia/macrophages (TAM), which has received a great deal of interest. Bearing in mind that the number of peripheral macrophages by the 14th day is negligible, in our study TAM were referred to as microglia. Here we evaluated histopathological characterization of TAM and kinetics of their infiltration in U87 orthotopic GBM, a commonly used model in preclinical research. To mimic different stages of GBM growth, we evaluated three-time points. Our data showed that the highest areal density of TAM was 7 days after GBM inoculation, with ability to proliferate early after initiation of GBM growth. The areal density of TAM within the tumor correlated with GBM growth and proliferation. Moreover, microglia underwent substantial morphological changes upon exposure to GBM cells. A transition from ramified morphology in peritumoral area to ameboid shape with larger soma and shortened, thick branches in the tumor core was observed. Higher areal fraction of blood vessels also correlated with the areal density of TAM. Given these pro-invasive features of microglia, this GBM model represents a good basis for further testing microglia as a target and new strategy to fight with.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tihomir Dugandžija
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia; Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Put doktora Goldmana 4, Sremska Kamenica, 21204, Serbia
| | - Jovana Drljača
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia; Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Investigations and Quality Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
| | - Dragica Bulajić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia; Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Investigations and Quality Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Isaković
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Stilinović
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Sekulić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia; Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 1-7, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Ivan Čapo
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Investigations and Quality Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gerber N, Brunner MAT, Jagannathan V, Leeb T, Gerhards NM, Welle MM, Dettwiler M. Transcriptional Differences between Canine Cutaneous Epitheliotropic Lymphoma and Immune-Mediated Dermatoses. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:160. [PMID: 33504055 PMCID: PMC7912288 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma (CETL) and immune-mediated T-cell predominant dermatoses (IMD) share several clinical and histopathological features, but differ substantially in prognosis. The discrimination of ambiguous cases may be challenging, as diagnostic tests are limited and may prove equivocal. This study aimed to investigate transcriptional differences between CETL and IMD, as a basis for further research on discriminating diagnostic biomarkers. We performed 100bp single-end sequencing on RNA extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded skin biopsies from dogs with CETL and IMD, respectively. DESeq2 was used for principal component analysis (PCA) and differential gene expression analysis. Genes with significantly different expression were analyzed for enriched pathways using two different tools. The expression of selected genes and their proteins was validated by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. PCA demonstrated the distinct gene expression profiles of CETL and IMD. In total, 503 genes were upregulated, while 4986 were downregulated in CETL compared to IMD. RT-qPCR confirmed the sequencing results for 5/6 selected genes tested, while the protein expression detected by immunohistochemistry was not entirely consistent. Our study revealed transcriptional differences between canine CETL and IMD, with similarities to human cutaneous lymphoma. Differentially expressed genes are potential discriminatory markers, but require further validation on larger sample collections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Gerber
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (N.G.); (M.A.T.B.); (N.M.G.); (M.M.W.)
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (V.J.); (T.L.)
- Grosstierpraxis Weibel + Werner, Oberdorfstrasse 15, 3438 Lauperswil, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena A. T. Brunner
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (N.G.); (M.A.T.B.); (N.M.G.); (M.M.W.)
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (V.J.); (T.L.)
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (V.J.); (T.L.)
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109A, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (V.J.); (T.L.)
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109A, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nora M. Gerhards
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (N.G.); (M.A.T.B.); (N.M.G.); (M.M.W.)
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Monika M. Welle
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (N.G.); (M.A.T.B.); (N.M.G.); (M.M.W.)
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (V.J.); (T.L.)
| | - Martina Dettwiler
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (N.G.); (M.A.T.B.); (N.M.G.); (M.M.W.)
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (V.J.); (T.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pi Castro D, José-López R, Fernández Flores F, Rabanal Prados RM, Mandara MT, Arús C, Pumarola Batlle M. Expression of FOXP3 in Canine Gliomas: Immunohistochemical Study of Tumor-Infiltrating Regulatory Lymphocytes. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 79:184-193. [PMID: 31846038 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs develop gliomas with similar histopathological features to human gliomas and share with them the limited success of current therapeutic regimens such as surgery and radiation. The tumor microenvironment in gliomas is influenced by immune cell infiltrates. The present study aims to immunohistochemically characterize the tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) population of naturally occurring canine gliomas, focusing on the expression of Forkhead box P3-positive (FOXP3+) regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Forty-three canine gliomas were evaluated immunohistochemically for the presence of CD3+, FOXP3+, and CD20+ TILs. In low-grade gliomas, CD3+ TILs were found exclusively within the tumor tissue. In high-grade gliomas, they were present in significantly higher numbers throughout the tumor and in the brain-tumor junction. CD20+ TILs were rarely found in comparison to CD3+ TILs. FOXP3+ TILs shared a similar distribution with CD3+ TILs. The accumulation of FOXP3+ Tregs within the tumor was more pronounced in astrocytic gliomas than in tumors of oligodendroglial lineage and the difference in expression was significant when comparing low-grade oligodendrogliomas and high-grade astrocytomas. Only high-grade astrocytomas presented FOXP3+ cells with tumoral morphology. In spontaneous canine gliomas, TILs display similar characteristics (density and distribution) as described for human gliomas, supporting the use of the dog as an animal model for translational immunotherapeutic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dolors Pi Castro
- From the Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology (UPMiC), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto José-López
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Francisco Fernández Flores
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Rosa M Rabanal Prados
- From the Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology (UPMiC), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carles Arús
- From the Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology (UPMiC), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Pumarola Batlle
- From the Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology (UPMiC), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cavasin JP, Miller AD, Duhamel GE. Intracerebral Astrocytoma in a Horse. J Comp Pathol 2020; 177:1-4. [PMID: 32505235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An 8-year-old Anglo-European gelding with progressive neurological signs was humanely destroyed and submitted for necropsy examination. The right parietal cortex was disrupted by a well-demarcated, intraparenchymal, 1.5 cm diameter, tan, homogeneous, dense mass. Microscopical examination was consistent with an astrocytoma, which was confirmed on the basis of strong immunohistochemical labelling for glial fibrillary acidic protein. The neoplastic population lacked immunolabelling for oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2. Labelling for ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 highlighted large numbers of reactive microglia throughout the proliferation and in the adjacent neuroparenchyma. While rare, primary brain tumours should be considered as a differential in horses presenting with progressive neurological signs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Cavasin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - A D Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA.
| | - G E Duhamel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
von Rüden EL, Gualtieri F, Schönhoff K, Reiber M, Wolf F, Baumgärtner W, Hansmann F, Tipold A, Potschka H. Molecular alterations of the TLR4-signaling cascade in canine epilepsy. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:18. [PMID: 31959173 PMCID: PMC6971886 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-2241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cumulating evidence from rodent models points to a pathophysiological role of inflammatory signaling in the epileptic brain with Toll-like receptor-4 signaling acting as one key factor. However, there is an apparent lack of information about expression alterations affecting this pathway in canine patients with epilepsy. Therefore, we have analyzed the expression pattern of Toll-like receptor 4 and its ligands in brain tissue of canine patients with structural or idiopathic epilepsy in comparison with tissue from laboratory dogs or from owner-kept dogs without neurological diseases. RESULTS The analysis revealed an overexpression of Toll-like receptor-4 in the CA3 region of dogs with structural epilepsy. Further analysis provided evidence for an upregulation of Toll-like receptor-4 ligands with high mobility group box-1 exhibiting increased expression levels in the CA1 region of dogs with idiopathic and structural epilepsy, and heat shock protein 70 exhibiting increased expression levels in the piriform lobe of dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. In further brain regions, receptor and ligand expression rates proved to be either in the control range or reduced below control levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals complex molecular alterations affecting the Toll-like receptor signaling cascade, which differ between epilepsy types and between brain regions. Taken together, the data indicate that multi-targeting approaches modulating Toll-like receptor-4 signaling might be of interest for management of canine epilepsy. Further studies are recommended to explore respective molecular alterations in more detail in dogs with different etiologies and to confirm the role of the pro-inflammatory signaling cascade as a putative target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Lotta von Rüden
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Königinstr. 16, D-80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabio Gualtieri
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Königinstr. 16, D-80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Schönhoff
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Königinstr. 16, D-80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Reiber
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Königinstr. 16, D-80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabio Wolf
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Königinstr. 16, D-80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Buenteweg 17, D-30559, Hanover, Germany
| | - Florian Hansmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Buenteweg 17, D-30559, Hanover, Germany
| | - Andrea Tipold
- Clinic for small animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Buenteweg 9, D-30559, Hanover, Germany
| | - Heidrun Potschka
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Königinstr. 16, D-80539, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Miller AD, Miller CR, Rossmeisl JH. Canine Primary Intracranial Cancer: A Clinicopathologic and Comparative Review of Glioma, Meningioma, and Choroid Plexus Tumors. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1151. [PMID: 31788444 PMCID: PMC6856054 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the dog, primary intracranial neoplasia represents ~2-5% of all cancers and is especially common in certain breeds including English and French bulldogs and Boxers. The most common types of primary intracranial cancer in the dog are meningioma, glioma, and choroid plexus tumors, generally occurring in middle aged to older dogs. Much work has recently been done to understand the characteristic imaging and clinicopathologic features of these tumors. The gross and histologic landscape of these tumors in the dog compare favorably to their human counterparts with many similarities noted in histologic patterns, subtype, and grades. Data informing the underlying molecular abnormalities in the canine tumors have only begun to be unraveled, but reveal similar pathways are mutated between canine and human primary intracranial neoplasia. This review will provide an overview of the clinicopathologic features of the three most common forms of primary intracranial cancer in the dog, delve into the comparative aspects between the dog and human neoplasms, and provide an introduction to current standard of care while also highlighting novel, experimental treatments that may help bridge the gap between canine and human cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Miller
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - C. Ryan Miller
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center and Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John H. Rossmeisl
- Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dalton MF, Stilwell JM, Krimer PM, Miller AD, Rissi DR. Clinicopathologic Features, Diagnosis, and Characterization of the Immune Cell Population in Canine Choroid Plexus Tumors. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:224. [PMID: 31380398 PMCID: PMC6646530 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization characterizes human choroid plexus tumor (CPT) as papilloma (CPP), atypical CPP (ACPP), and carcinoma (CPC). CPCs can disseminate via cerebrospinal fluid and be mistaken for metastatic carcinoma, creating a diagnostic challenge. Kir7.1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a highly reliable tool for diagnostic confirmation of CPTs and their differentiation from metastatic carcinomas in human beings and dogs. This study describes the neuropathology, Kir7.1 staining profile, and the immune cell population within the tumor microenvironment in 11 CPTs in dogs. Archived tissue sections with a diagnosis of CPT were examined and immunolabelled with Kir7.1 for diagnostic confirmation. The number of Ki67-positive neoplastic cells was calculated in 2.4 mm2 (equivalent to 10 FN22/40X fields), and a mean value was generated for each neoplasm. IHC for CD3, CD20, MAC387, and Iba1 was performed for immune cell characterization, and the number of stained cells for each antibody was counted in 2.4 mm2, generating individual cumulative values for each antibody. T-tests with Bonferroni correction evaluated IHC differences between tumor types, and Spearman's rank correlations evaluated relationships among IHC markers. Kir7.1 immunoreactivity was intense at the apical cell membrane in CPPs and ACPPs, and at the apical cell membrane and cytoplasm in CPCs. Ki67 immunoreactivity was detected in all cases. CD3+ and CD20+ lymphocytes trended together (p = 0.005) and were present within and around all CPTs. Five cases had intravascular MAC387+ monocytes. Iba1 immunoreactivity was robust within and around all tumors. Statistical differences in immune cell markers were not found among tumor types. As previously reported, Kir7.1 is a reliable antibody for the diagnosis of canine CPTs. Although immune cells were present in all cases, no significant associations were found between the type of cells and tumor diagnosis. The characterization of the immune cells within CPTs could be useful in future studies involving immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha F Dalton
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Justin M Stilwell
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Paula M Krimer
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Daniel R Rissi
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arami H, Patel CB, Madsen SJ, Dickinson PJ, Davis RM, Zeng Y, Sturges BK, Woolard KD, Habte FG, Akin D, Sinclair R, Gambhir SS. Nanomedicine for Spontaneous Brain Tumors: A Companion Clinical Trial. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2858-2869. [PMID: 30714717 PMCID: PMC6584029 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles' enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) variations due to tumor heterogeneity in naturally occurring brain tumors are commonly neglected in preclinical nanomedicine studies. Recent pathological studies have shown striking similarities between brain tumors in humans and dogs, indicating that canine brain tumors may be a valuable model to evaluate nanoparticles' EPR in this context. We recruited canine clinical cases with spontaneous brain tumors to investigate nanoparticles' EPR in different brain tumor pathologies using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). We used gold nanoparticles due to their surface plasmon effect that enables their sensitive and microscopic resolution detection using the SERS technique. Raman microscopy of the resected tumors showed heterogeneous EPR of nanoparticles into oligodendrogliomas and meningiomas of different grades, without any detectable traces in necrotic parts of the tumors or normal brain. Raman observations were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray elemental analyses, which enabled localization of individual nanoparticles embedded in tumor tissues. Our results demonstrate nanoparticles' EPR and its variations in clinically relevant, spontaneous brain tumors. Such heterogeneities should be considered alongside routine preoperative imaging and histopathological analyses in order to accelerate clinical management of brain tumors using nanomedicine approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Arami
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Chirag B. Patel
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, United States
| | - Steven J. Madsen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Peter J. Dickinson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ryan M. Davis
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yitian Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Beverly K. Sturges
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kevin D. Woolard
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Frezghi G. Habte
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Demir Akin
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Robert Sinclair
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sanjiv S. Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Corresponding Author (Sanjiv S. Gambhir).
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Immunohistochemical Characterization of Immune Cell Infiltration in Feline Glioma. J Comp Pathol 2018; 160:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
15
|
Immune Cell Infiltration in Feline Meningioma. J Comp Pathol 2017; 156:162-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
16
|
Regan DP, Escaffi A, Coy J, Kurihara J, Dow SW. Role of monocyte recruitment in hemangiosarcoma metastasis in dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:1309-1322. [PMID: 27779362 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a highly malignant tumour associated with short survival times because of early and widespread metastasis. In humans and rodents, monocytes play key roles in promoting tumour metastasis through stimulating tumour cell extravasation, seeding, growth and angiogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the potential association between monocyte infiltration and tumour metastasis in HSA and other common canine tumours. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify CD18+ monocytes within metastases. We found that HSA metastases had significantly greater numbers of CD18+ monocytes compared with metastases from other tumour types. HSA cells were the highest producers of the monocyte chemokine CCL2, and stimulated canine monocyte migration in a CCL2 dependent manner. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that overexpression of CCL2 and recruitment of large numbers of monocytes may explain in part the aggressive metastatic nature of canine HSA. Thus, therapies designed to block monocyte recruitment may be an effective adjuvant strategy for suppressing HSA metastasis in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D P Regan
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - A Escaffi
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J Coy
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J Kurihara
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - S W Dow
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sloma EA, Creneti CT, Erb HN, Miller AD. Characterization of Inflammatory Changes Associated with Canine Oligodendroglioma. J Comp Pathol 2015; 153:92-100. [PMID: 26145723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendroglioma is a common glial tumour in the dog. In human neuropathology, the immune cell microenvironment of gliomas has been investigated; however, the nature of the inflammatory cells within canine gliomas is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the nature of the immune cells and determine an association between the inflammatory cells and tumour grade. Thirty-four (18 of grade II and 16 of grade III) formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded samples of canine oligodendroglioma were evaluated by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry for expression of CD3, PAX5, Iba-1, HLA-DR, Mac387 and CD31. Variations in immune cell recruitment and activation were evident in all cases. Infiltrating CD3(+) T lymphocytes were common in most cases. PAX5(+) B lymphocytes were less common and restricted to perivascular cuffs within or around the tumour. Iba-1(+) cells were common within the tumour and formed a dense infiltrate around the tumour in a subset of cases. HLA-DR(+) cells were common within the tumour and in a subset of cases formed perivascular cuffs. Iba-1(+) cells typically had prominent ramified processes suggestive of activated microglia, while the HLA-DR(+) cells had a more rounded morphology typical of amoeboid microglia. Rare Mac387(+) macrophages were found in the tumour parenchyma, while increased numbers of Mac387(+) monocytes were noted within the vasculature. No association or significance was established between the immune cell infiltrate and the grade of the tumour (all P ≥0.16). This study establishes that there is a robust population of immune cells within canine oligodendrogliomas and indicates that further study is needed to determine the role of these cells in tumour pathogenesis and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Sloma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - C T Creneti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - H N Erb
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences (HNE), Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - A D Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hicks J, Platt S, Kent M, Haley A. Canine brain tumours: a model for the human disease? Vet Comp Oncol 2015; 15:252-272. [PMID: 25988678 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Canine brain tumours are becoming established as naturally occurring models of disease to advance diagnostic and therapeutic understanding successfully. The size and structure of the dog's brain, histopathology and molecular characteristics of canine brain tumours, as well as the presence of an intact immune system, all support the potential success of this model. The limited success of current therapeutic regimens such as surgery and radiation for dogs with intracranial tumours means that there can be tremendous mutual benefit from collaboration with our human counterparts resulting in the development of new treatments. The similarities and differences between the canine and human diseases are described in this article, emphasizing both the importance and limitations of canines in brain tumour research. Recent clinical veterinary therapeutic trials are also described to demonstrate the areas of research in which canines have already been utilized and to highlight the important potential benefits of translational research to companion dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Hicks
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - S Platt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - M Kent
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - A Haley
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dickinson P. Advances in diagnostic and treatment modalities for intracranial tumors. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:1165-85. [PMID: 24814688 PMCID: PMC4857954 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial neoplasia is a common clinical condition in domestic companion animals, particularly in dogs. Application of advances in standard diagnostic and therapeutic modalities together with a broad interest in the development of novel translational therapeutic strategies in dogs has resulted in clinically relevant improvements in outcome for many canine patients. This review highlights the status of current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to intracranial neoplasia and areas of novel treatment currently in development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P.J. Dickinson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological SciencesSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California DavisDavisCA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Junginger J, Schwittlick U, Lemensieck F, Nolte I, Hewicker-Trautwein M. Immunohistochemical investigation of Foxp3 expression in the intestine in healthy and diseased dogs. Vet Res 2012; 43:23. [PMID: 22440243 PMCID: PMC3364872 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-43-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal immune regulation including development of oral tolerance is of great importance for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Concerning this, regulatory T cells (Tregs) occupy a pivotal role in cell-mediated immunosuppression. Dysregulation of mucosal immunology leading to an abnormal interaction with commensal bacteria is suggested to play a key role in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in men and dogs. The aim of this study was to characterise the expression of Foxp3 in the normal canine gut of 18 dogs (mean age: 6.03 years), in 16 dogs suffering from IBD (mean age: 5.05 years), and of 6 dogs with intestinal nematode infection (mean age: 0.87 years) using immunohistochemistry. In the duodenum, Tregs in healthy dogs declined from villi (median: 10.67/62 500 μm2) to crypts (median: 1.89/62 500 μm2). Tregs were further increased in the villi of middle-aged dogs (median: 18.92/62 500 μm2) in contrast to juvenile (median: 3.50/62 500 μm2) and old (median: 9.56/62 500 μm2) individuals. Compared to healthy controls, animals suffering from IBD revealed reduced numbers of Tregs in duodenal villi (median: 4.13/62 500 μm2). Dogs with intestinal nematode infection displayed increased numbers of Tregs (median: 21.06/62 500 μm2) compared to healthy animals.Age-related changes indicate a progressive establishment of oral tolerance and immunosenescence in the canine elderly. The results further suggest that a defect in Treg homeostasis may be involved in the pathogenesis of canine IBD. In contrast, increased numbers of Tregs in the duodenum may be due to nematode infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Junginger
- Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|