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Fonti N, Parisi F, Aytaş Ç, Degl’Innocenti S, Cantile C. Neuropathology of Central and Peripheral Nervous System Lymphoma in Dogs and Cats: A Study of 92 Cases and Review of the Literature. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:862. [PMID: 36899719 PMCID: PMC10000237 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature about nervous system lymphoma (NSL) in dogs and cats is fragmentary, based on a few case series and case reports with heterogeneous results. The aim of our study was to retrospectively analyze 45 cases of canine and 47 cases of feline NSL and compare our results with previously reported data, also providing an extensive literature review. Breed, age, gender, clinical signs, type, and neurolocalization were recorded for each case. The pathological patterns and phenotype were assessed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The occurrence of central and peripheral NSL was similar between the two species in both primary and secondary types. NSL occurred with a slightly higher prevalence in Labrador Retrievers, and spinal cord lymphoma (SCL) was associated with young age in cats. The most frequent locations were the forebrain in dogs and the thoracolumbar segment in cats. Primary central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) in cats most frequently involved the forebrain meninges, particularly as a B-cell phenotype. Peripheral NSL mostly affected the sciatic nerve in dogs and had no preferred location in cats. Nine different pathological patterns were identified, with extradural as the most prevalent SCL pattern in both species. Finally, lymphomatosis cerebri was described for the first time in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Fonti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Parisi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Çağla Aytaş
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Degl’Innocenti
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Carlo Cantile
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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van Koulil Q, Santifort KM, Beukers M, Ioannidis M, Van Soens I. Neurolymphomatosis in a cat with diffuse neuromuscular signs including cranial nerve involvement. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quinten van Koulil
- Evidensia Small Animal Hospital ‘Hart van Brabant’ Waalwijk The Netherlands
| | - Koen M. Santifort
- Evidensia Small Animal Hospital ‘Hart van Brabant’ Waalwijk The Netherlands
- Evidensia Small Animal Hospital Arnhem Arnhem The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Beukers
- Evidensia Small Animal Hospital ‘Hart van Brabant’ Waalwijk The Netherlands
| | - Marianthi Ioannidis
- Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Iris Van Soens
- Evidensia Small Animal Hospital ‘Hart van Brabant’ Waalwijk The Netherlands
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3
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Zajc AL, Warwick H, Rosa C, Grant J, Marrington M. Bilateral trigeminal neuropathy associated with multicentric lymphoma in two dogs: Clinical presentation, MRI findings and flow cytometry characteristics. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Harry Warwick
- Northwest Veterinary Specialists Sutton Weaver Runcorn UK
| | - Chantal Rosa
- Northwest Veterinary Specialists Sutton Weaver Runcorn UK
| | - Jessica Grant
- Northwest Veterinary Specialists Sutton Weaver Runcorn UK
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4
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Fantaconi N, Walker JJA, Ives EJ. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 257:1013-1016. [PMID: 33135979 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2020.257.10.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mello LS, Leite-Filho RV, Panziera W, Bandinelli MB, Sonne L, Driemeier D, Pavarini SP. Feline lymphoma in the nervous system: pathological, immunohistochemical, and etiological aspects in 16 cats. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The pathological, immunohistochemical (IHC), and etiological features of lymphoma involving the nervous system (NS) in cats were analyzed through a retrospective study (2004-2017) in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The NS involvement was observed in 16 (12.2%) of 125 felines with lymphoma. Young cats were mainly affected, with a median of 24 months old. Most cases were secondary central NS lymphoma, whereas in three cats, the NS involvement was primary. IHC revealed 14 (87.5%) FeLV-positive, six FIV-positive, and one FeLV/FIV-negative cats. Distribution of feline lymphoma in the NS was 8/16 in the spinal cord, 7/16 in the brain, and 1/16 in the paravertebral nerves and ganglia (neurolymphomatosis). The lymphoma pattern in the spinal cord was exclusively extradural, often focal (6/8), and located in the lumbar (3/6), sacral (1/6), thoracic (1/6), and cervical segments (1/6). Brain neuroanatomical patterns were: leptomeningeal lymphomatosis (4/7), lymphomatous choroiditis (2/7), and intradural lymphoma (1/7). The feline with primary neurolymphomatosis presented a marked thickening of paravertebral nerves and ganglia from the sacral region. B-cell lymphoma (75%) was often diagnosed, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (11/16) was the main subtype. T-cell lymphoma (25%) was less commonly observed and was classified as peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) (3/16) and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) (1/16).
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Beasley MJ, Hiebert EC, Daw DN, Alexander KJ, Gambino JM. Neurolymphomatosis caused by T-cell lymphosarcoma in a cat: imaging description and treatment review. JFMS Open Rep 2019; 5:2055116919833534. [PMID: 30828460 PMCID: PMC6390221 DOI: 10.1177/2055116919833534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CASE SUMMARY A 16-year-old domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for acute-onset right pelvic limb monoparesis localized to the sciatic nerve. MRI revealed a homogeneously contrast-enhancing, well-demarcated mass effacing the right sciatic nerve from its intravertebral origin to the end of the viewable field (mid-femur). Abdominal ultrasound revealed thickened small intestinal loops and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. Cytology of the small intestine was suggestive of lymphosarcoma. T-cell lymphosarcoma of the sciatic nerve and small intestines was confirmed with incisional biopsy. Treatment consisted of systemic chemotherapy with vincristine followed by the Wisconsin-Madison feline lymphosarcoma protocol, but despite treatment the patient neurologically worsened and was euthanized after 54 days. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION We present herein one of the first descriptions of neurolymphomatosis in the domestic cat that included post-intravenous contrast MRI. Treatment options based on recommendations for people with neurolymphomatosis include systemic chemotherapy, intrathecal chemotherapy and/or localized radiation chemotherapy. The authors recommend that all cats be screened for concurrent non-neuronal areas of lymphosarcoma before undergoing treatment for neurolymphomatosis, regardless of clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela J Beasley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College
of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS,
USA
| | | | - Danielle N Daw
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College
of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS,
USA
| | - Kayla J Alexander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College
of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS,
USA
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Nakagun S, Horiuchi N, Watanabe K, Matsumoto K, Tagawa M, Shimbo G, Kobayashi Y. CD3 and CD20 co-expression in a case of canine peripheral T-cell lymphoma with prominent cardiac and peripheral nerve involvement. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 30:779-783. [PMID: 30129396 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718794765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An 8-y 9-mo-old male Pug dog was presented because of anorexia, hindlimb ataxia, vomiting, and progressive weight loss. Clinical examinations revealed atrophic hindlimb muscles with decreased postural reaction, enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and megaesophagus on radiograph, and reduced cardiac contractility on ultrasonography. The dog died 10 d after the initial examination, and an autopsy was performed. Grossly, the heart was enlarged, with multifocal-to-coalescing extensive plaque-like areas of discoloration on the epicardial surface. On cross-section, the ventricles were moderately dilated, and discoloration extended into the myocardium. Peripheral lymph nodes were of normal size. Histologically, atypical lymphoid cells replaced the myocardium and also extensively infiltrated peripheral nerve bundles in various organs. With immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic cells exhibited strong immunoreactivity for CD3 and CD20, and were negative for CD8, granzyme B, CD79α, and Pax5. Double-label immunofluorescence confirmed co-expression of CD3 and CD20 by the neoplastic cells. Molecular clonality analysis presented a clonal T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangement. The case was diagnosed as a CD3+/CD20+ peripheral T-cell lymphoma with prominent cardiac and peripheral nerve involvement, indicating neurolymphomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Nakagun
- Sections of Pathology (Nakagun, Horiuchi, Watanabe, Kobayashi), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.,Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Matsumoto, Tagawa, Shimbo), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Horiuchi
- Sections of Pathology (Nakagun, Horiuchi, Watanabe, Kobayashi), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.,Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Matsumoto, Tagawa, Shimbo), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Sections of Pathology (Nakagun, Horiuchi, Watanabe, Kobayashi), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.,Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Matsumoto, Tagawa, Shimbo), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kotaro Matsumoto
- Sections of Pathology (Nakagun, Horiuchi, Watanabe, Kobayashi), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.,Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Matsumoto, Tagawa, Shimbo), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Michihito Tagawa
- Sections of Pathology (Nakagun, Horiuchi, Watanabe, Kobayashi), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.,Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Matsumoto, Tagawa, Shimbo), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Genya Shimbo
- Sections of Pathology (Nakagun, Horiuchi, Watanabe, Kobayashi), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.,Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Matsumoto, Tagawa, Shimbo), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Kobayashi
- Sections of Pathology (Nakagun, Horiuchi, Watanabe, Kobayashi), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.,Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Matsumoto, Tagawa, Shimbo), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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LaRue MK, Taylor AR, Back AR, Lindley SE, Boudreaux BL, Almond GT, Shores A, Brawner WR, Smith AN. Central nervous system lymphoma in 18 dogs (2001 to 2015). J Small Anim Pract 2018; 59:547-552. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. K. LaRue
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary MedicineAuburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
| | - A. R. Taylor
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary MedicineAuburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
| | - A. R. Back
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary MedicineAuburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
| | - S. E. Lindley
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary MedicineAuburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
| | - B. L. Boudreaux
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary MedicineLouisiana State University; Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
| | - G. T. Almond
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary MedicineAuburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
| | - A. Shores
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary MedicineMississippi State University; Mississippi State Mississippi 39762 USA
| | - W. R. Brawner
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary MedicineAuburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
| | - A. N. Smith
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary MedicineAuburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
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Sisó S, Marco-Salazar P, Moore PF, Sturges BK, Vernau W, Wisner ER, Bollen AW, Dickinson PJ, Higgins RJ. Canine Nervous System Lymphoma Subtypes Display Characteristic Neuroanatomical Patterns. Vet Pathol 2016; 54:53-60. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985816658101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary and secondary nervous system involvement occurs in 4% and 5%–12%, respectively, of all canine non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The recent new classification of canine malignant lymphomas, based on the human World Health Organization classification, has been endorsed with international acceptance. This histological and immunocytochemical classification provides a unique opportunity to study the histologic anatomic distribution patterns in the central and peripheral nervous system of these defined lymphoma subtypes. In this study, we studied a cohort of 37 dogs with lymphoma, which at necropsy had either primary (n = 1, 2.7%) or secondary (n = 36; 97.3%) neural involvement. These T- (n = 16; 43.2%) or B-cell (n = 21; 56.8%) lymphomas were further classified into 12 lymphoma subtypes, with predominant subtypes including peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), respectively. This systematic study identified 6 different anatomically based histologically defined patterns of lymphoma infiltration in the nervous system of dogs. Different and distinct combinations of anatomical patterns correlated with specific lymphoma subtypes. Lymphoma infiltration within the meningeal, perivascular, and periventricular compartments were characteristic of DLBCL, whereas peripheral nerve involvement was a frequent feature of PTCL. Similarly cell counts above 64 cells/μL in cerebrospinal samples correlated best with marked meningeal and periventricular lymphoma infiltration histologically. Prospective studies are needed in order to confirm the hypothesis that these combinations of histological neuroanatomic patterns reflect targeting of receptors specific for the lymphoma subtypes at these various sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Sisó
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - P. Marco-Salazar
- Centro VISAVET, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P. F. Moore
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - B. K. Sturges
- Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - W. Vernau
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - E. R. Wisner
- Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A. W. Bollen
- Neuropathology Division, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - P. J. Dickinson
- Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - R. J. Higgins
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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10
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Sakurai M, Azuma K, Nagai A, Fujioka T, Sunden Y, Shimada A, Morita T. Neurolymphomatosis in a cat. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1063-6. [PMID: 26960326 PMCID: PMC4937145 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9-year-old male mixed breed cat showed chronic progressive neurological symptoms, which are represented by ataxia and seizures. At necropsy, spinal roots and spinal ganglions at the level of sixth cervical nerve to second thoracic nerve were bilaterally swollen and replaced by white mass lesions. Right brachial plexus and cranial nerves (III, V and VII) were also swollen. A mass lesion was found in the right frontal lobe of the cerebrum. Histologically, neoplastic lymphocytes extensively involved the peripheral nerves, and they infiltrated into the cerebral and spinal parenchyma according to the peripheral nerve tract. Immunohistochemically, most neoplastic lymphocytes were positive for CD20. The clinical and histological features in this case resemble those of neurolymphomatosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Sakurai
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
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Lehmbecker A, Liebing J, Barthel Y, Habierski A, Cavalleri J, Puff C, Rademacher B, Lumpe S, Beineke A. Neurolymphomatosis in Three Horses with Multicentric T-cell-rich B-cell Lymphoma. J Comp Pathol 2014; 151:181-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Ueno H, Miyoshi K, Fukui S, Kondo Y, Matsuda K, Uchide T. Extranodal lymphoma with peripheral nervous system involvement in a dog. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:723-7. [PMID: 24419974 PMCID: PMC4073342 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-year-old neutered female Cavalier King Charles spaniel was evaluated for progressing right forelimb lameness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the right-side radial nerves and the caudal brachial plexus were swollen. The histological and molecular biological diagnosis by partial biopsy of the C8 spinal nerve was T-cell lymphoma. Coadministration of lomustine and irradiation was started. However, this therapy was ineffective. At necropsy, neoplastic tissues were seen extending into the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord, liver, pancreas and kidneys as gross findings. A large mass was also identified occupying the caudal thorax. Histologic findings included infiltration in these organs and the mass by neoplastic lymphocytes. To date, involvement of peripheral nerves (neurolymphomatosis) is rarely reported in veterinary species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueno
- Department of Orthopedic and Neurosurgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyo-dai Midori-machi 582 Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Rupp A, Ives E, Rudorf H, Constantino‐Casas F. Sciatic T‐cell neurolymphomatosis in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2014-000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angie Rupp
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Edward Ives
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Heike Rudorf
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Fernandez N, Davies JL, Diaz J, Spotswood T. What is your diagnosis? Cerebrospinal fluid from a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2013; 42:244-5. [PMID: 23432517 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Fernandez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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