1
|
Willis E, Verrelle J, Banerjee E, Assenmacher CA, Tarrant JC, Skuli N, Jacobson ML, O'Rouke DM, Binder ZA, Radaelli E. Humanization with CD34-positive hematopoietic stem cells in NOG-EXL mice results in improved long-term survival and less severe myeloid cell hyperactivation phenotype relative to NSG-SGM3 mice. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:664-674. [PMID: 38197423 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231222216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
NSG-SGM3 and NOG-EXL mice combine severe immunodeficiency with transgenic expression of human myeloid stimulatory cytokines, resulting in marked expansion of myeloid populations upon humanization with CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Humanized NSG-SGM3 mice typically develop a lethal macrophage activation syndrome and mast cell hyperplasia that limit their use in long-term studies (e.g., humanization followed by tumor xenotransplantation). It is currently unclear to what extent humanized NOG-EXL mice suffer from the same condition observed in humanized NSG-SGM3 mice. We compared the effects of human CD34+ HSC engraftment in these two strains in an orthotopic patient-derived glioblastoma model. NSG-SGM3 mice humanized in-house were compared to NOG-EXL mice humanized in-house and commercially available humanized NOG-EXL mice. Mice were euthanized at humane or study endpoints, and complete pathological assessments were performed. A semiquantitative multiparametric clinicopathological scoring system was developed to characterize chimeric myeloid cell hyperactivation (MCH) syndrome. NSG-SGM3 mice were euthanized at 16 weeks after humanization because of severe deterioration of clinical conditions. Humanized NOG-EXL mice survived to the study endpoint at 22 weeks after humanization and showed less-severe MCH phenotypes than NSG-SGM3 mice. Major differences included the lack of mast cell expansion and limited tissue/organ involvement in NOG-EXL mice compared to NSG-SGM3 mice. Engraftment of human lymphocytes, assessed by immunohistochemistry, was similar in the two strains. The longer survival and decreased MCH phenotype severity in NOG-EXL mice enabled their use in a tumor xenotransplantation study. The NOG-EXL model is better suited than the NSG-SGM3 model for immuno-oncology studies requiring long-term survival after humanization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elinor Willis
- Comparative Pathology Core, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jillian Verrelle
- Comparative Pathology Core, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Esha Banerjee
- Comparative Pathology Core, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Charles-Antoine Assenmacher
- Comparative Pathology Core, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Nicholas Skuli
- Stem Cell and Xenograft Core, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Donald M O'Rouke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, GBM Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Zev A Binder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, GBM Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Enrico Radaelli
- Comparative Pathology Core, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bohórquez JA, Adduri S, Ansari D, John S, Florence J, Adejare O, Singh G, Konduru NV, Jagannath C, Yi G. A novel humanized mouse model for HIV and tuberculosis co-infection studies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395018. [PMID: 38799434 PMCID: PMC11116656 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), continues to be a major public health problem worldwide. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is another equally important life-threatening pathogen. HIV infection decreases CD4+ T cell levels markedly increasing Mtb co-infections. An appropriate animal model for HIV/Mtb co-infection that can recapitulate the diversity of the immune response in humans during co-infection would facilitate basic and translational research in HIV/Mtb infections. Herein, we describe a novel humanized mouse model. Methods The irradiated NSG-SGM3 mice were transplanted with human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, and the humanization was monitored by staining various immune cell markers for flow cytometry. They were challenged with HIV and/or Mtb, and the CD4+ T cell depletion and HIV viral load were monitored over time. Before necropsy, the live mice were subjected to pulmonary function test and CT scan, and after sacrifice, the lung and spleen homogenates were used to determine Mtb load (CFU) and cytokine/chemokine levels by multiplex assay, and lung sections were analyzed for histopathology. The mouse sera were subjected to metabolomics analysis. Results Our humanized NSG-SGM3 mice were able to engraft human CD34+ stem cells, which then differentiated into a full-lineage of human immune cell subsets. After co-infection with HIV and Mtb, these mice showed decrease in CD4+ T cell counts overtime and elevated HIV load in the sera, similar to the infection pattern of humans. Additionally, Mtb caused infections in both lungs and spleen, and induced granulomatous lesions in the lungs. Distinct metabolomic profiles were also observed in the tissues from different mouse groups after co-infections. Conclusion The humanized NSG-SGM3 mice are able to recapitulate the pathogenic effects of HIV and Mtb infections and co-infection at the pathological, immunological and metabolism levels and are therefore a reproducible small animal model for studying HIV/Mtb co-infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Alejandro Bohórquez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Sitaramaraju Adduri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Danish Ansari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Sahana John
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Jon Florence
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Omoyeni Adejare
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Gaurav Singh
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Nagarjun V. Konduru
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases and Translational Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Guohua Yi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen SS. Mouse models of CLL: In vivo modeling of disease initiation, progression, and transformation to Richter transformation. Semin Hematol 2024:S0037-1963(24)00056-8. [PMID: 38755077 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a highly complex disease characterized by the proliferation of CD5+ B cells in lymphoid tissues. Current modern treatments have brought significant clinical benefits to CLL patients. However, there are still unmet needs. Patients relapse on Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors and BCL2 inhibitors and often develop more aggressive diseases including Richter transformation (RT), an incurable complication of up to ∼10% patients. This evidence underscores the need for improved immunotherapies, combination treatment strategies, and predictive biomarkers. A mouse model that can recapitulate human CLL disease and certain components of the tumor immune microenvironment represents a promising preclinical tool for such purposes. In this review, we provide an overview of CRISPR-engineered and xenograft mouse models utilizing either cell lines, or primary CLL cells suitable for studies of key events driving the disease onset, progression and transformation of CLL. We also review how CRISPR/Cas9 established mouse models carrying loss-of-function lesions allow one to study key mutations driving disease progression. Finally, we discuss how next generation humanized mice might improve to generation of faithful xenograft mouse models of human CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Shih Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang F, Labani-Motlagh A, Bohorquez JA, Moreira JD, Ansari D, Patel S, Spagnolo F, Florence J, Vankayalapati A, Sakai T, Sato O, Ikebe M, Vankayalapati R, Dennehy JJ, Samten B, Yi G. Bacteriophage therapy for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections in humanized mice. Commun Biol 2024; 7:294. [PMID: 38461214 PMCID: PMC10924958 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The continuing emergence of new strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has renewed interest in phage therapy; however, there has been limited progress in applying phage therapy to multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections. In this study, we show that bacteriophage strains D29 and DS6A can efficiently lyse Mtb H37Rv in 7H10 agar plates. However, only phage DS6A efficiently kills H37Rv in liquid culture and in Mtb-infected human primary macrophages. We further show in subsequent experiments that, after the humanized mice were infected with aerosolized H37Rv, then treated with DS6A intravenously, the DS6A treated mice showed increased body weight and improved pulmonary function relative to control mice. Furthermore, DS6A reduces Mtb load in mouse organs with greater efficacy in the spleen. These results demonstrate the feasibility of developing phage therapy as an effective therapeutic against Mtb infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Alireza Labani-Motlagh
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Jose Alejandro Bohorquez
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Josimar Dornelas Moreira
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Danish Ansari
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Sahil Patel
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Fabrizio Spagnolo
- Life Sciences Department, Long Island University Post, Brookville, NY, USA
| | - Jon Florence
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Abhinav Vankayalapati
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Sakai
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Osamu Sato
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Mitsuo Ikebe
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Vankayalapati
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - John J Dennehy
- Biology Department, Queens College of The City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA.
- The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Buka Samten
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA.
| | - Guohua Yi
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX, USA.
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bohórquez JA, Adduri S, Ansari D, John S, Florence J, Adejare O, Singh G, Konduru N, Jagannath C, Yi G. A Novel Humanized Mouse Model for HIV and Tuberculosis Co-infection Studies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.05.583545. [PMID: 38496484 PMCID: PMC10942347 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.05.583545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), continues to be a major public health problem worldwide. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is another equally important life-threatening pathogen. Further, co-infections with HIV and Mtb have severe effects in the host, with people infected with HIV being fifteen to twenty-one times more likely to develop active TB. The use of an appropriate animal model for HIV/Mtb co-infection that can recapitulate the diversity of the immune response in humans would be a useful tool for conducting basic and translational research in HIV/Mtb infections. The present study was focused on developing a humanized mouse model for investigations on HIV-Mtb co-infection. Using NSG-SGM3 mice that can engraft human stem cells, our studies showed that they were able to engraft human CD34+ stem cells which then differentiate into a full-lineage of human immune cell subsets. After co-infection with HIV and Mtb, these mice showed decrease in CD4+ T cell counts overtime and elevated HIV load in the sera, similar to the infection pattern of humans. Additionally, Mtb caused infections in both lungs and spleen, and induced the development of granulomatous lesions in the lungs, detected by CT scan and histopathology. Distinct metabolomic profiles were also observed in the tissues from different mouse groups after co-infections. Our results suggest that the humanized NSG-SGM3 mice are able to recapitulate the effects of HIV and Mtb infections and co-infection in the human host at pathological, immunological and metabolism levels, providing a dependable small animal model for studying HIV/Mtb co-infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Alejandro Bohórquez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Sitaramaraju Adduri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Danish Ansari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Sahana John
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Jon Florence
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Omoyeni Adejare
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Gaurav Singh
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Nagarjun Konduru
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases and Translational Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guohua Yi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
O'Brien LJ, Walpole CM, Leal-Rojas IM, Shatunova S, Moore A, Winkler IG, Guillerey C, Radford KJ. Characterization of Human Engraftment and Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in NSG-SGM3 Neonate Mice Engrafted with Purified CD34 + Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Exp Hematol 2024; 130:104134. [PMID: 38052261 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunodeficient mice bearing human immune systems, or "humanized" chimeric mice, are widely used in basic research, along with the preclinical stages of drug development. Nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD-SCID) IL2Rγnull (NSG) mice expressing human stem cell factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, and interleukin-3 (NSG-SGM3) support robust development of human myeloid cells and T cells but have reduced longevity due to the development of fatal hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Here, we describe an optimized protocol for development of human immune chimerism in NSG-SGM3 mice. We demonstrate that efficient human CD45+ reconstitution can be achieved and HLH delayed by engraftment of neonatal NSG-SGM3 with low numbers of human umbilical cord-derived CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells in the absence of preconditioning irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam J O'Brien
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Carina M Walpole
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ingrid M Leal-Rojas
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Svetlana Shatunova
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Moore
- Children's Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Oncology Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ingrid G Winkler
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Camille Guillerey
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kristen J Radford
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ligan C, Ma XH, Zhao SL, Zhao W. The regulatory role and mechanism of mast cells in tumor microenvironment. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:1-15. [PMID: 38323271 PMCID: PMC10839313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) have emerged as pivotal contributors to both the defensive immune response and immunomodulation. They also exhibit regulatory functions in modulating pathological processes across various allergic diseases. The impact of MC presence within tumor tissues has garnered considerable attention, yielding conflicting findings. While some studies propose that MCs within tumor tissues promote tumor initiation and progression, others advocate an opposing perspective. Notably, evidence emphasizes the dual role of MCs in cancer, both as promoters and suppressors, is crucial for optimizing cancer treatment strategies. These conflicting viewpoints have generated substantial controversy, underscoring the need for a comprehensive understanding of MC's role in tumor immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caryl Ligan
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Hua Ma
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu-Li Zhao
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yan C, Nebhan CA, Saleh N, Shattuck-Brandt R, Chen SC, Ayers GD, Weiss V, Richmond A, Vilgelm AE. Generation of Orthotopic Patient-Derived Xenografts in Humanized Mice for Evaluation of Emerging Targeted Therapies and Immunotherapy Combinations for Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3695. [PMID: 37509357 PMCID: PMC10377652 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Current methodologies for developing PDX in humanized mice in preclinical trials with immune-based therapies are limited by GVHD. Here, we compared two approaches for establishing PDX tumors in humanized mice: (1) PDX are first established in immune-deficient mice; or (2) PDX are initially established in humanized mice; then established PDX are transplanted to a larger cohort of humanized mice for preclinical trials. With the first approach, there was rapid wasting of PDX-bearing humanized mice with high levels of activated T cells in the circulation and organs, indicating immune-mediated toxicity. In contrast, with the second approach, toxicity was less of an issue and long-term human melanoma tumor growth and maintenance of human chimerism was achieved. Preclinical trials from the second approach revealed that rigosertib, but not anti-PD-1, increased CD8/CD4 T cell ratios in spleen and blood and inhibited PDX tumor growth. Resistance to anti-PD-1 was associated with PDX tumors established from tumors with limited CD8+ T cell content. Our findings suggest that it is essential to carefully manage immune editing by first establishing PDX tumors in humanized mice before expanding PDX tumors into a larger cohort of humanized mice to evaluate therapy response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.Y.); (N.S.); (R.S.-B.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Caroline A. Nebhan
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nabil Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.Y.); (N.S.); (R.S.-B.)
| | - Rebecca Shattuck-Brandt
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.Y.); (N.S.); (R.S.-B.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Sheau-Chiann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (S.-C.C.); (G.D.A.)
| | - Gregory D. Ayers
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (S.-C.C.); (G.D.A.)
| | - Vivian Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.Y.); (N.S.); (R.S.-B.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Anna E. Vilgelm
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center—Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Finesso G, Willis E, Tarrant JC, Lanza M, Sprengers J, Verrelle J, Banerjee E, Hermans E, Assenmacher CA, Radaelli E. Spontaneous early-onset neurodegeneration in the brainstem and spinal cord of NSG, NOG, and NXG mice. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:374-383. [PMID: 36727841 PMCID: PMC10150263 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231151403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The spectrum of background, incidental, and experimentally induced lesions affecting NSG and NOG mice has been the subject of intense investigation. However, comprehensive studies focusing on the spontaneous neuropathological changes of these immunocompromised strains are lacking. This work describes the development of spontaneous early-onset neurodegeneration affecting both juvenile and adult NSG, NOG, and NXG mice. The study cohort consisted of 367 NSG mice of both sexes (including 33 NSG-SGM3), 61 NOG females (including 31 NOG-EXL), and 4 NXG females. These animals were primarily used for preclinical CAR T-cell testing, generation of humanized immune system chimeras, and/or tumor xenograft transplantation. Histopathology of brain and spinal cord and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for AIF-1, GFAP, CD34, and CD45 were performed. Neurodegenerative changes were observed in 57.6% of the examined mice (affected mice age range was 6-36 weeks). The lesions were characterized by foci of vacuolation with neuronal degeneration/death and gliosis distributed throughout the brainstem and spinal cord. IHC confirmed the development of gliosis, overexpression of CD34, and a neuroinflammatory component comprised of CD45-positive monocyte-derived macrophages. Lesions were significantly more frequent and severe in NOG mice. NSG males were considerably more affected than NSG females. Increased lesion frequency and severity in older animals were also identified. These findings suggest that NSG, NOG, and NXG mice are predisposed to the early development of identical neurodegenerative changes. While the cause of these lesions is currently unclear, potential associations with the genetic mutations shared by NSG, NOG, and NXG mice as well as unidentified viral infections are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Finesso
- Comparative Pathology Core, Department
of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elinor Willis
- Comparative Pathology Core, Department
of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jillian Verrelle
- Comparative Pathology Core, Department
of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Esha Banerjee
- Comparative Pathology Core, Department
of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Els Hermans
- Netherlands Cancer Institute,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles-Antoine Assenmacher
- Comparative Pathology Core, Department
of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Enrico Radaelli
- Comparative Pathology Core, Department
of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Flahou C, Morishima T, Higashi N, Hayashi Y, Xu H, Wang B, Zhang C, Ninomiya A, Qiu WY, Yuzuriha A, Suzuki D, Nakamura S, Manz M, Kaneko S, Hotta A, Takizawa H, Eto K, Sugimoto N. Humanized mouse models with endogenously developed human natural killer cells for in vivo immunogenicity testing of HLA class I-edited iPSC-derived cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 662:76-83. [PMID: 37099813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) genetically depleted of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I expression can bypass T cell alloimmunity and thus serve as a one-for-all source for cell therapies. However, these same therapies may elicit rejection by natural killer (NK) cells, since HLA class I molecules serve as inhibitory ligands of NK cells. Here, we focused on testing the capacity of endogenously developed human NK cells in humanized mice (hu-mice) using MTSRG and NSG-SGM3 strains to assay the tolerance of HLA-edited iPSC-derived cells. High NK cell reconstitution was achieved with the engraftment of cord blood-derived human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSCs) followed by the administration of human interleukin-15 (hIL-15) and IL-15 receptor alpha (hIL-15Rα). Such "hu-NK mice" rejected HLA class I-null hiPSC-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), megakaryocytes and T cells, but not HLA-A/B-knockout, HLA-C expressing HPCs. To our knowledge, this study is the first to recapitulate the potent endogenous NK cell response to non-tumor HLA class I-downregulated cells in vivo. Our hu-NK mouse models are suitable for the non-clinical evaluation of HLA-edited cells and will contribute to the development of universal off-the-shelf regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Flahou
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morishima
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engineering, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Natsumi Higashi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Hayashi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engineering, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Huaigeng Xu
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chaoqi Zhang
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ninomiya
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wei-Yin Qiu
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akinori Yuzuriha
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sou Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Markus Manz
- Department of Hematology, University and University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Shin Kaneko
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koji Eto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Naoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hung S, Kasperkowitz A, Kurz F, Dreher L, Diessner J, Ibrahim ES, Schwarz S, Ohlsen K, Hertlein T. Next-generation humanized NSG-SGM3 mice are highly susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127709. [PMID: 36969151 PMCID: PMC10037040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Humanized hemato-lymphoid system mice, or humanized mice, emerged in recent years as a promising model to study the course of infection of human-adapted or human-specific pathogens. Though Staphylococcus aureus infects and colonizes a variety of species, it has nonetheless become one of the most successful human pathogens of our time with a wide armory of human-adapted virulence factors. Humanized mice showed increased vulnerability to S. aureus compared to wild type mice in a variety of clinically relevant disease models. Most of these studies employed humanized NSG (NOD-scid IL2Rgnull) mice which are widely used in the scientific community, but show poor human myeloid cell reconstitution. Since this immune cell compartment plays a decisive role in the defense of the human immune system against S. aureus, we asked whether next-generation humanized mice, like NSG-SGM3 (NOD-scid IL2Rgnull-3/GM/SF) with improved myeloid reconstitution, would prove to be more resistant to infection. To our surprise, we found the contrary when we infected humanized NSG-SGM3 (huSGM3) mice with S. aureus: although they had stronger human immune cell engraftment than humanized NSG mice, particularly in the myeloid compartment, they displayed even more pronounced vulnerability to S. aureus infection. HuSGM3 mice had overall higher numbers of human T cells, B cells, neutrophils and monocytes in the blood and the spleen. This was accompanied by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory human cytokines in the blood of huSGM3 mice. We further identified that the impaired survival of huSGM3 mice was not linked to higher bacterial burden nor to differences in the murine immune cell repertoire. Conversely, we could demonstrate a correlation of the rate of humanization and the severity of infection. Collectively, this study suggests a detrimental effect of the human immune system in humanized mice upon encounter with S. aureus which might help to guide future therapy approaches and analysis of virulence mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Hung
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amelie Kasperkowitz
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Kurz
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Liane Dreher
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Diessner
- Department for Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eslam S. Ibrahim
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut Ohlsen
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Hertlein
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tobias Hertlein,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yi G, Yang F, Labani-Motlagh A, Moreira JD, Ansari D, Bohorquez JA, Patel S, Spagnolo F, Florence J, Vankayalapati A, Vankayalapati R, Dennehy JJDJ, Samten B. Bacteriophage therapy for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections in humanized mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.23.525188. [PMID: 36747734 PMCID: PMC9900801 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.23.525188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The continuing emergence of new strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has renewed interest in phage therapy; however, there has been limited progress in applying phage therapy to multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections. In this study, we tested three bacteriophage strains for their Mtb-killing activities and found that two of them efficiently lysed Mtb H37Rv in 7H10 agar plates. However, only phage DS6A efficiently killed H37Rv in liquid culture and in Mtb-infected human primary macrophages. In subsequent experiments, we infected humanized mice with aerosolized H37Rv, then treated these mice with DS6A intravenously to test its in vivo efficacy. We found that DS6A treated mice showed increased body weight and improved pulmonary function relative to control mice. Furthermore, DS6A reduced Mtb load in mouse organs with greater efficacy in the spleen. These results demonstrated the feasibility of developing phage therapy as an effective therapeutic against Mtb infection.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zbinden A, Canté-Barrett K, Pike-Overzet K, Staal FJT. Stem Cell-Based Disease Models for Inborn Errors of Immunity. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010108. [PMID: 35011669 PMCID: PMC8750661 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic capacity of human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSCs) to reconstitute myeloid and lymphoid lineages combined with their self-renewal capacity hold enormous promises for gene therapy as a viable treatment option for a number of immune-mediated diseases, most prominently for inborn errors of immunity (IEI). The current development of such therapies relies on disease models, both in vitro and in vivo, which allow the study of human pathophysiology in great detail. Here, we discuss the current challenges with regards to developmental origin, heterogeneity and the subsequent implications for disease modeling. We review models based on induced pluripotent stem cell technology and those relaying on use of adult hHSCs. We critically review the advantages and limitations of current models for IEI both in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that existing and future stem cell-based models are necessary tools for developing next generation therapies for IEI.
Collapse
|