1
|
Kopke MA, Diane Shelton G, Lyons LA, Wall MJ, Pemberton S, Gedye KR, Owen R, Guo LT, Buckley RM, Valencia JA, Jones BR. X-linked myotubular myopathy associated with an MTM1 variant in a Maine coon cat. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1800-1805. [PMID: 35962713 PMCID: PMC9511081 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Describe the clinical course and diagnostic and genetic findings in a cat with X‐linked myotubular myopathy. Case Summary A 7‐month‐old male Maine coon was evaluated for progressively worsening gait abnormalities and generalized weakness. Neurolocalization was to the neuromuscular system. Genetic testing for spinal muscular atrophy (LIX1) was negative. Given the progressive nature and suspected poor long‐term prognosis, the owners elected euthanasia. Histopathology of skeletal muscle obtained post‐mortem disclosed numerous rounded atrophic or hypotrophic fibers with internal nuclei or central basophilic staining. Using oxidative reactions mediated by cytochrome C oxidase and succinic dehydrogenase, scattered myofibers were observed to have central dark staining structures and a “ring‐like” appearance. Given the cat's age and clinical history, a congenital myopathy was considered most likely, with the central nuclei and “ring‐like” changes consistent with either centronuclear or myotubular myopathy. Whole genome sequencing identified an underlying missense variant in myotubularin 1 (MTM1), a known candidate gene for X‐linked myotubular myopathy. New or Unique Information Provided This case is the first report of X‐linked myotubular myopathy in a cat with an MTM1 missense mutation. Maine coon cat breeders may consider screening for this variant to prevent production of affected cats and to eradicate the variant from the breeding population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Kopke
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Veterinary Nutrition Group, Le Fel, France
| | - G Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Leslie A Lyons
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Meredith J Wall
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Veterinary Nutrition Group, Le Fel, France
| | - Sarah Pemberton
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kristene R Gedye
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca Owen
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ling T Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Reuben M Buckley
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Juan A Valencia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Boyd R Jones
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mitochondrial DNA alterations in the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) and their association with development of diseases: a review. Mitochondrion 2022; 63:72-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
|
3
|
Walmsley GL, Blot S, Venner K, Sewry C, Laporte J, Blondelle J, Barthélémy I, Maurer M, Blanchard-Gutton N, Pilot-Storck F, Tiret L, Piercy RJ. Progressive Structural Defects in Canine Centronuclear Myopathy Indicate a Role for HACD1 in Maintaining Skeletal Muscle Membrane Systems. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 187:441-456. [PMID: 27939133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in HACD1/PTPLA cause recessive congenital myopathies in humans and dogs. Hydroxyacyl-coA dehydratases are required for elongation of very long chain fatty acids, and HACD1 has a role in early myogenesis, but the functions of this striated muscle-specific enzyme in more differentiated skeletal muscle remain unknown. Canine HACD1 deficiency is histopathologically classified as a centronuclear myopathy (CNM). We investigated the hypothesis that muscle from HACD1-deficient dogs has membrane abnormalities in common with CNMs with different genetic causes. We found progressive changes in tubuloreticular and sarcolemmal membranes and mislocalized triads and mitochondria in skeletal muscle from animals deficient in HACD1. Furthermore, comparable membranous abnormalities in cultured HACD1-deficient myotubes provide additional evidence that these defects are a primary consequence of altered HACD1 expression. Our novel findings, including T-tubule dilatation and disorganization, associated with defects in this additional CNM-associated gene provide a definitive pathophysiologic link with these disorders, confirm that dogs deficient in HACD1 are relevant models, and strengthen the evidence for a unifying pathogenesis in CNMs via defective membrane trafficking and excitation-contraction coupling in muscle. These results build on previous work by determining further functional roles of HACD1 in muscle and provide new insight into the pathology and pathogenetic mechanisms of HACD1 CNM. Consequently, alterations in membrane properties associated with HACD1 mutations should be investigated in humans with related phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L Walmsley
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Stéphane Blot
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Mondor Institute of Biomedical Research (IMRB) U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, Créteil, France; University of Paris East, Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Kerrie Venner
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Sewry
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, University College London Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology (IGBMC), Inserm U964, CNRS UMR7104, Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
| | - Jordan Blondelle
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Mondor Institute of Biomedical Research (IMRB) U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, Créteil, France; University of Paris East, Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Inès Barthélémy
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Mondor Institute of Biomedical Research (IMRB) U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, Créteil, France; University of Paris East, Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marie Maurer
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Mondor Institute of Biomedical Research (IMRB) U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, Créteil, France; University of Paris East, Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nicolas Blanchard-Gutton
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Mondor Institute of Biomedical Research (IMRB) U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, Créteil, France; University of Paris East, Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Fanny Pilot-Storck
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Mondor Institute of Biomedical Research (IMRB) U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, Créteil, France; University of Paris East, Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Laurent Tiret
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Mondor Institute of Biomedical Research (IMRB) U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, Créteil, France; University of Paris East, Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Richard J Piercy
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cerda-Gonzalez S, Talarico L, Todhunter R. Noninvasive Assessment of Neuromuscular Disease in Dogs: Use of the 6-minute Walk Test to Assess Submaximal Exercise Tolerance in Dogs with Centronuclear Myopathy. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:808-12. [PMID: 27012153 PMCID: PMC4913584 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Noninvasive methods of quantitating exercise tolerance in dogs with neuromuscular disease are needed both for clinical and research use. The 6‐minute walk test (6MWT) has been validated as a reliable test of exercise tolerance in dogs with pulmonary and cardiac disease, but not in dogs with neuromuscular disease. Hypothesis/Objectives Distance walked and number of steps taken during 6MWT will differ between Labrador retriever dogs with centronuclear myopathy (CNM) and control (ie, healthy) littermates. Animals Eight purebred Labrador retrievers were drawn from a purpose‐bred research colony (status: 3 clear, 2 carrier, and 3 homozygous mutants for the protein tyrosine phosphatase‐like A (PTPLA) gene mutation associated with CNM). Methods Pilot, prospective, Case–controlled study. Researchers were blinded to disease status. Each dog was leash‐trained and acclimatized to the testing area (length, 12.8 m). At the start of testing, each animal was fitted with a pedometer, a timer was started, and dogs were allowed to walk at their own pace for 6 minutes. Distance walked and pedometer readings were recorded. Results Degree of paresis varied among affected dogs, and was reflected by significant differences in distance walked between CNM‐affected dogs and those with clear and carrier genotypes (P = .048). Pedometer readings did not vary according to genotype (P = .86). Conclusions The 6MWT appears to differentiate between the ambulatory capacity of normal and CNM‐affected dogs. Additional studies are needed to confirm this relationship in a larger number of dogs, and to evaluate the ability of the 6MWT to differentiate between dogs with variable severity of neuromuscular disease‐associated exercise intolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Cerda-Gonzalez
- Department of Clinical Sciences (College of Veterinary Medicine), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - L Talarico
- SouthPaws Veterinary Specialists and Emergency Center, Fairfax, VA
| | - R Todhunter
- Department of Clinical Sciences (College of Veterinary Medicine), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shelton GD, Rider BE, Child G, Tzannes S, Guo LT, Moghadaszadeh B, Troiano EC, Haase B, Wade CM, Beggs AH. X-linked myotubular myopathy in Rottweiler dogs is caused by a missense mutation in Exon 11 of the MTM1 gene. Skelet Muscle 2015; 5:1. [PMID: 25664165 PMCID: PMC4320619 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-014-0025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital and inherited myopathies in dogs are faithful models of human muscle diseases and are being recognized with increasing frequency. In fact, canine models of dystrophin deficient muscular dystrophy and X-linked myotubular myopathy are of tremendous value in the translation of new and promising therapies for the treatment of these diseases. We have recently identified a family of Australian Rottweilers in which male puppies were clinically affected with severe muscle weakness and atrophy that resulted in early euthanasia or death. X-linked myotubular myopathy was suspected based on the early and severe clinical presentation and histopathological changes within muscle biopsies. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic basis for myopathy in these dogs and compare and contrast the clinical presentation, histopathology, ultrastructure, and mutation in this family of Rottweiler dogs with the previously described myotubular myopathy in Labrador retrievers. Results Histopathology, histochemistry, and ultrastructural examination of muscle biopsies from affected Rottweiler puppies were consistent with an X-linked myotubular myopathy. An unusual finding that differed from the previously reported Labradors and similar human cases was the presence of excessive autophagy and prominent autophagic vacuoles. Molecular investigations confirmed a missense mutation in exon 11 of MTM1 that was predicted to result in a non-functional phosphatase activity. Although the clinical presentations and histopathology were similar, the MTM1 p.(Q384P) mutation is different from the p.(N155K) mutation in exon 7 affecting Labrador retrievers with X-linked myotubular myopathy. Conclusions Here we describe a second pathogenic mutation in MTM1 causing X-linked myotubular myopathy in dogs. Our findings suggest a variety of MTM1 mutations in dogs as seen in human patients. The number of MTM1 mutations resulting in similar severe and progressive clinical myopathy and histopathological changes are likely to increase as canine myopathies are further characterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Branden E Rider
- Division of Genetics and Program in Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Georgina Child
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, North Ryde, NSW Australia
| | - Sophia Tzannes
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, North Ryde, NSW Australia
| | - Ling T Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Behzad Moghadaszadeh
- Division of Genetics and Program in Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Emily C Troiano
- Division of Genetics and Program in Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Bianca Haase
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Claire M Wade
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Alan H Beggs
- Division of Genetics and Program in Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115 USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maurer M, Mary J, Guillaud L, Fender M, Pelé M, Bilzer T, Olby N, Penderis J, Shelton GD, Panthier JJ, Thibaud JL, Barthélémy I, Aubin-Houzelstein G, Blot S, Hitte C, Tiret L. Centronuclear myopathy in Labrador retrievers: a recent founder mutation in the PTPLA gene has rapidly disseminated worldwide. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46408. [PMID: 23071563 PMCID: PMC3465307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathies (CNM) are inherited congenital disorders characterized by an excessive number of internalized nuclei. In humans, CNM results from ∼70 mutations in three major genes from the myotubularin, dynamin and amphiphysin families. Analysis of animal models with altered expression of these genes revealed common defects in all forms of CNM, paving the way for unified pathogenic and therapeutic mechanisms. Despite these efforts, some CNM cases remain genetically unresolved. We previously identified an autosomal recessive form of CNM in French Labrador retrievers from an experimental pedigree, and showed that a loss-of-function mutation in the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like A (PTPLA) gene segregated with CNM. Around the world, client-owned Labrador retrievers with a similar clinical presentation and histopathological changes in muscle biopsies have been described. We hypothesized that these Labradors share the same PTPLAcnm mutation. Genotyping of an international panel of 7,426 Labradors led to the identification of PTPLAcnm carriers in 13 countries. Haplotype analysis demonstrated that the PTPLAcnm allele resulted from a single and recent mutational event that may have rapidly disseminated through the extensive use of popular sires. PTPLA-deficient Labradors will help define the integrated role of PTPLA in the existing CNM gene network. They will be valuable complementary large animal models to test innovative therapies in CNM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Maurer
- CNM Project, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
- UMR955 de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jérôme Mary
- CNM Project, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
- UMR955 de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Antagene, La Tour de Salvagny, France
| | - Laurent Guillaud
- CNM Project, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
- UMR955 de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marilyn Fender
- CNM Project, Pickett, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Manuel Pelé
- CNM Project, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
- UMR955 de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thomas Bilzer
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Natasha Olby
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Neurology Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jacques Penderis
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - G. Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jean-Jacques Panthier
- CNM Project, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
- UMR955 de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Mouse Functional Genetics URA2578, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Thibaud
- Unité Propre de Recherche de Neurobiologie, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Inès Barthélémy
- Unité Propre de Recherche de Neurobiologie, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Geneviève Aubin-Houzelstein
- CNM Project, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
- UMR955 de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Stéphane Blot
- Unité Propre de Recherche de Neurobiologie, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Christophe Hitte
- UMR6290, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes1, Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Tiret
- CNM Project, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
- UMR955 de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Maisons-Alfort, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gentilini F, Zambon E, Gandini G, Rosati M, Spadari A, Romagnoli N, Turba ME, Gernone F. Frequency of the allelic variant of the PTPLA gene responsible for centronuclear myopathy in Labrador Retriever dogs as assessed in Italy. J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 23:124-6. [PMID: 21217042 DOI: 10.1177/104063871102300122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathy (CNM) is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease affecting Labrador Retriever dogs. The disease is characterized by muscle lesions, typically encompassing reduction in the number and atrophy of type II fibers, and is caused by a short interspersed repeat element insertion in exon 2 of the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like member A. The actual allele frequency is unknown; a study was undertaken to ascertain it using a convenience-sample population composed of 217 Labrador Retrievers. In addition to 3 subjects already diagnosed with CNM, used as positive controls for polymerase chain reaction, only 2 unrelated dogs were heterozygous wild-type/mutation (wild-type/mut). Thus, the frequency of the CNM allele observed in the present study was 1.8% and 0.47% when including and excluding the 3 mut/mut homozygous cases, respectively. Based on the Hardy-Weinberg exact test (P = 1.00), the genotype frequency without the CNM-affected dogs was in agreement with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Assuming the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law, the expected frequency of the homozygous mutated genotype was calculated to be approximately 0.00005, which corresponds to 1 case of CNM out of 20,000 dogs. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the CNM allele is present but rare in a convenience sample of Labrador Retrievers in Italy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Gentilini
- Veterinary Clinical Department, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
MTM1 mutation associated with X-linked myotubular myopathy in Labrador Retrievers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:14697-702. [PMID: 20682747 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1003677107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the MTM1 gene encoding myotubularin cause X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM), a well-defined subtype of human centronuclear myopathy. Seven male Labrador Retrievers, age 14-26 wk, were clinically evaluated for generalized weakness and muscle atrophy. Muscle biopsies showed variability in fiber size, centrally placed nuclei resembling fetal myotubes, and subsarcolemmal ringed and central dense areas highlighted with mitochondrial specific reactions. Ultrastructural studies confirmed the centrally located nuclei, abnormal perinuclear structure, and mitochondrial accumulations. Wild-type triads were infrequent, with most exhibiting an abnormal orientation of T tubules. MTM1 gene sequencing revealed a unique exon 7 variant in all seven affected males, causing a nonconservative missense change, p.N155K, which haplotype data suggest derives from a recent founder in the local population. Analysis of a worldwide panel of 237 unaffected Labrador Retrievers and 59 additional control dogs from 25 other breeds failed to identify this variant, supporting it as the pathogenic mutation. Myotubularin protein levels and localization were abnormal in muscles from affected dogs, and expression of GFP-MTM1 p.N155K in COS-1 cells showed that the mutant protein was sequestered in proteasomes, where it was presumably misfolded and prematurely degraded. These data demonstrate that XLMTM in Labrador Retrievers is a faithful genetic model of the human condition.
Collapse
|
9
|
Pelé M, Tiret L, Kessler JL, Blot S, Panthier JJ. SINE exonic insertion in the PTPLA gene leads to multiple splicing defects and segregates with the autosomal recessive centronuclear myopathy in dog. Hum Mol Genet 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
10
|
Pelé M, Tiret L, Kessler JL, Blot S, Panthier JJ. SINE exonic insertion in the PTPLA gene leads to multiple splicing defects and segregates with the autosomal recessive centronuclear myopathy in dogs. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 14:1417-27. [PMID: 15829503 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human centronuclear and myotubular myopathies belong to a genetically heterogeneous nosological group with clinical variability ranging from fatal disorder to mild weakness. The severe X-linked form is attributed to more than 200 different mutations in the myotubularin encoding gene (MTM1). In contrast, there are no reports regarding the molecular etiology or linkage studies on the autosomal forms of the disease. Labrador retrievers affected by spontaneous centronuclear myopathy (cnm) have clinical and histological features of the human disorder and represent the first model of recessive autosomal centronuclear myopathy. We previously mapped the cnm locus to the centromeric region of canine chromosome 2. No gene of the MTM1 family maps to the human homologous chromosomal region. Described herein is a disease-associated insertion within PTPLA exon 2, found in both alleles of all affected Labradors and in a single allele in obligate carriers. The inserted tRNA-derived short interspersed repeat element (SINE) has a striking effect on the maturation of PTPLA mRNA, whereby it can be spliced out, partially exonized or involved in multiple exon-skipping. As a result, the amount of wild-type transcripts falls to 1% in affected muscles. This example therefore recapitulates cumulative SINE-associated transcriptional defects that have been previously described as exclusive consequences of independent mutations. Although the function of PTPLA in metazoa remains unknown, the characterization of a hypomorphic mutation in Labradors with centronuclear myopathy provides new clues about the molecular complexity of skeletal myofiber homeostasis. These results also suggest that impaired PTPLA signaling might be implicated in human myopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Pelé
- UMR 955 INRA-ENVA de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shelton GD, Engvall E. Canine and feline models of human inherited muscle diseases. Neuromuscul Disord 2005; 15:127-38. [PMID: 15694134 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2004.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2004] [Revised: 09/23/2004] [Accepted: 10/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are of immense importance for studying mechanisms of disease and testing new therapies, and rodents have been used extensively in the field of neuromuscular disorders. Mice and rats can be genetically manipulated to over-express or not express genes that are important to muscle function, and these animals can be available in large numbers for analysis. Other species, such as cats and dogs, cannot be manipulated in the same ways or be used in large numbers, but they have spontaneously occurring muscle diseases with clinical presentations more closely resembling those of the human disorders. Therefore, cats and dogs may become valuable as intermediate disease models. This review focuses on canine and feline models of human inherited muscle diseases with comparisons to rodent models and an emphasis on the muscular dystrophies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0709, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Platt
- Centre for Small Animal Studies, The Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Schatzberg
- Cornell University Hospital for Animals, Cornell University, Box 35, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tiret L, Blot S, Kessler JL, Gaillot H, Breen M, Panthier JJ. The cnm locus, a canine homologue of human autosomal forms of centronuclear myopathy, maps to chromosome 2. Hum Genet 2003; 113:297-306. [PMID: 12884002 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-003-0984-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2003] [Accepted: 06/06/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Myotubular/centronuclear myopathies are a nosological group of hereditary disorders characterised by severe architectural and metabolic remodelling of skeletal muscle fibres. In most myofibres, nuclei are found at an abnormal central position within a halo devoid of myofibrillar proteins. The X-linked form (myotubular myopathy) is the most prevalent and severe form in human, leading to death during early postnatal life. Maturation of fibres is not completed and fibres resemble myotubes. Linkage analysis in human has helped to identify MTM1 as the morbid gene. MTM1 encodes myotubularin, a dual protein phosphatase. In families in which myotubular myopathy segregates, detected mutations in MTM1 abolish the specific phosphatase activity targeting the second messenger phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Autosomal forms (centronuclear) have a later onset and are often compatible with life. At birth, fibres are normally constituted but progressively follow remodelling with a secondary centralisation of nuclei. Their prevalence is low; hence, no linkage data can be performed and no molecular aetiology is known. In the Labrador Retriever, a spontaneous disorder strikingly mimics the clinical evolution of the human centronuclear myopathy. We have established a canine pedigree and show that the disorder segregates as an autosomal recessive trait in that pedigree. We have further mapped the dog locus to a region on chromosome 2 that is orthologous to human chromosome 10p. To date, no human MTM1 gene member has been mapped to this genetic region. This report thus describes the first spontaneous mammalian model of centronuclear myopathy and defines a new locus for this group of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Tiret
- UMR 955 INRA-ENVA de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bley T, Gaillard C, Bilzer T, Braund KG, Faissler D, Steffen F, Cizinauskas S, Neumann J, Vögtli T, Equey R, Jaggy A. Genetic aspects of Labrador Retriever myopathy. Res Vet Sci 2002; 73:231-6. [PMID: 12443679 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(02)00034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Labrador Retriever myopathy (LRM) has become a relatively common muscular disease. The objective of our prospective study was to determine by segregation analyses a plausible mode of inheritance within a Labrador Retriever population. Therefore we performed neurological examinations, as well as electromyographic and histopathological evaluations of 58 closely related dogs. Seven dogs with an average age of 27.8 months had clinical signs consistent with LRM including exercise intolerance or fatigue. The diagnosis was based on neurological deficits and confirmed by histopathological results of muscle biopsy. We found in all cases obvious differences in fiber calibre size associated with texture disturbances. In addition, we found 41 clinically normal dogs with histological findings consistent with LRM. Three genetic models, the major gene, the mixed inheritance as well as the environmental model, were evaluated by segregation analyses. They were applied to an extended pedigree including 164 non-randomly ascertained related Labradors. According to phenotype the clinically examined dogs were divided into two different data sets. One data set distinguished between clinically normal and abnormal dogs, the second data set between histopathologically normal and abnormal dogs. We concluded that the clinical form of LRM is transmitted by a major gene and controlled by an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Furthermore, for expression of the subclinical form an additional gene or an environmental factor is responsible. Our findings suggest that LRM is similar to limb-girdle muscular dystrophy in man and therefore, may be used in the future as an animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Bley
- Institute of Animal Genetics, Nutrition and Housing, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Berne, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bergman RL, Inzana KD, Monroe WE, Shell LG, Liu LA, Engvall E, Shelton GD. Dystrophin-deficient muscular dystrophy in a Labrador retriever. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2002; 38:255-61. [PMID: 12022412 DOI: 10.5326/0380255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sex-linked muscular dystrophy associated with dystrophin deficiency has been reported in several breeds of dogs and is best characterized in the golden retriever. In this case report, a young, male Labrador retriever with dystrophin-deficient muscular dystrophy is presented. Clinical signs included generalized weakness, lingual hypertrophy, and dysphagia. Electromyographic abnormalities including complex repetitive discharges were present. Serum creatine kinase concentration was dramatically elevated. Histopathological changes within a muscle biopsy specimen confirmed a dystrophic myopathy, and dystrophin deficiency was demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining. While X-linked muscular dystrophy has not previously been reported in the Labrador retriever, a hereditary myopathy with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance has been characterized. A correct diagnosis and classification of these two disorders are critical for breeders and owners since both the mode of inheritance and the prognosis differ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Bergman
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Neuromuscular disease can present even the most astute clinician with a challenging diagnostic dilemma. This article focuses on the neuroanatomy and the historical, physical, and neurologic examination findings observed in many of the neuromuscular disorders affecting dogs and cats. In addition, some common laboratory tests and imaging modalities used in the diagnosis of neuromuscular disease, including routine radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, are discussed. A brief discussion of sensory nerve disorders is also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric N Glass
- Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, New Jersey 07701, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
It is certain that more inherited neuromuscular disorders of dogs and cats will be identified as the ability of practicing veterinarians to recognize disorders of muscle, nerve, and neuromuscular junction improves and newer diagnostic tests become available. Two specific points are critical. Before DNA-based genetic tests and specific therapies can be developed, an accurate description of the problem, clinically and histopathologically, must be performed. This is particularly important for the accuracy of a pedigree analysis, because inclusion of dogs with unrelated problems would alter the interpretation. Second, animals with inherited breed-associated disease should not be bred for generation of companion animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0612, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Biopsy of muscle and nerve is an essential component of the diagnostic plan for animals with suspected neuromuscular disease. This article includes descriptions of the biopsy procedures and information regarding appropriate biopsy site selection and correct handling and processing of the tissues. The normal and pathological appearance of muscle and nerve using routine histochemical and histological techniques are described and illustrated emphasizing the basic myopathic and neuropathic responses of the neuromuscular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Dickinson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Olby NJ, Sharp NJ, Anderson LV, Kunkel LM, Bönnemann CG. Evaluation of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, alpha-actinin, dysferlin and calpain 3 in an autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy in Labrador retrievers. Neuromuscul Disord 2001; 11:41-9. [PMID: 11166165 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(00)00166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Labrador retrievers suffer from an autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy of unknown aetiology. Dogs affected with this disease develop generalized weakness associated with severe, generalized skeletal muscle atrophy and mild elevations in creatine kinase in the first few months of life. The severity of signs tends to progress over the first year of life but can vary from mild exercise intolerance to non-ambulatory tetraparesis. Beyond 1 year of age, the signs usually stabilize and although muscle mass does not increase, affected dogs' strength may improve slightly. The pathological changes present on muscle biopsy include marked variation in muscle fibre size with hypertrophied and round atrophied fibres present. There is an increased number of fibres with central nuclei and split fibres can be seen. It has been suggested that the disorder is a model for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. In recent years, mutations in genes encoding the proteolytic enzyme, calpain 3, a novel protein named dysferlin, and components of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex have been identified as causes of autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. We have evaluated these proteins in normal dogs and in three Labrador retrievers with autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis on frozen skeletal muscle. The results demonstrate that dystrophin, the sarcoglycans, alpha-actinin, dysferlin and calpain 3 are present in the normal and affected dogs. We conclude that this autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy is not due to a deficiency of alpha-actinin, or any of the known autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy proteins, although we cannot rule out a malfunction of any of these proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N J Olby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Olby NJ, Chan KK, Targett MP, Houlton JE. Suspected mitochondrial myopathy in a Jack Russell terrier. J Small Anim Pract 1997; 38:213-6. [PMID: 9179819 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1997.tb03346.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A Jack Russell terrier with a history of progressive exercise intolerance was examined at the age of four months and again 10 months later. Clinical examination revealed a stunted, thin dog with a stilted gait. The dog had raised lactate levels before and after feeding and a raised lactate/pyruvate ratio after feeding, indicating a metabolic abnormality. Histochemical evaluation of muscle biopsies revealed subsarcolemmal accumulation of oxidative activity when stained with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazollum reductase and ragged red fibres when stained with modified Gomori trichrome; all fibre types were involved. Ultrastructural examination of the muscle confirmed the presence of subsarcolemmal accumulations of mitochondria. Histochemical staining for the activity of enzymes of the Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and other metabolic cytosolic enzymes failed to demonstrate an abnormality. In view of the clinical picture and the biochemical and histological findings, a tentative diagnosis of mitochondrial myopathy was made. The difficulties associated with diagnosing mitochondrial disorders are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N J Olby
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Holland CT, Canfield PJ, Watson AD, Allan GS. Dyserythropoiesis, polymyopathy, and cardiac disease in three related English springer spaniels. J Vet Intern Med 1991; 5:151-9. [PMID: 1920252 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1991.tb00942.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A polysystemic disorder was observed in three related English Springer Spaniel dogs that demonstrated regurgitation from an early age, slowly progressive temporal muscle atrophy with partial trismus, and less pronounced generalized skeletal muscle atrophy. All dogs exhibited moderate dyserythropoietic anemia, polymyopathy with megaesophagus, and varying degrees of cardiomegaly. The prevalence, etiology, underlying pathomechanism, and possible mode of inheritance remain to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C T Holland
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mehta JR, Braund KG, Hegreberg GA, Thukral V. Lipid fluidity and composition of the erythrocyte membrane from healthy dogs and Labrador retrievers with hereditary muscular dystrophy. Neurochem Res 1991; 16:129-35. [PMID: 1908955 DOI: 10.1007/bf00965700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocyte membranes and their liposomes were prepared from clinically normal dogs and Labrador retrievers with hereditary muscular dystrophy. The "static" and "dynamic" components of fluidity of each membrane were then assessed by steady-state fluorescence polarization techniques using limiting hindered fluorescence anisotropy and order parameter values of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and fluorescence anisotropy values of DL-2-(9-anthroyl)-stearic acid and DL-12-(9-anthroyl)-stearic acid, respectively. Membrane lipids were extracted and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography. The results of these studies demonstrated that the lipid fluidity of erythrocyte membranes, and their liposomes, prepared from dystrophic dogs were found to possess significantly lower "static and dynamic components of fluidity" than control counterparts. Analysis of the composition of membranes from dystrophic dogs revealed a higher ratio of saturated fatty acyl chain/unsaturated chains (w/w) and lower double-bond index. Alterations in the fatty acid composition such as decrease in levels of linoleic (18:2) and arachidonic (20:4) acids and increase in palmitic (16:0) and stearic (18:0) acids were also observed in the membranes of dystrophic animals. These associated fatty acyl alterations could explain, at least in part, the differences in membrane fluidity between dystrophic and control dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Mehta
- Neuromuscular Laboratories of Scott-Ritchey Research Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
MEHTA J, BRAUND K, McKERRELL R, TOIVIO-KINNUCAN M. Intracellular electrolytes and water analysis in dystrophic canine muscles. Res Vet Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(18)31225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
25
|
Affiliation(s)
- A D Watson
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Skeletal muscle pathology in ovine congenital progressive muscular dystrophy. 1. Histopathology and histochemistry. Acta Neuropathol 1989; 77:161-7. [PMID: 2976227 DOI: 10.1007/bf00687426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The histopathological lesions of ovine congenital progressive muscular dystrophy (CPMD) were characterized by myofiber hypertrophy, focal myofibrillar degeneration, formation of peripheral and central sarcoplasmic masses devoid of myofibrils and internal nuclei often in chains. Progressive loss of myofibrils was associated with atrophy of the fiber and eventual collapse of the sarcolemma. The process was polyphasic, consequently in mature lesions there was great variation in fiber diameter. Split fibers were common but ring fibers occurred rarely. Myofiber loss was associated with fatty or fibrous tissue replacement. Only type I (red, slow twitch, oxidative) fibers were affected and there was no histological evidence of effective regeneration. Ovine CPMD has many histopathological features in common with dystrophia myotonica in humans.
Collapse
|