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Cong Z, Wan T, Wang J, Feng L, Cao C, Li Z, Wang X, Han Y, Zhou Y, Gao Y, Zhang J, Qu Y, Guo X. Epidemiological and clinical features of malignant hyperthermia: A scoping review. Clin Genet 2024; 105:233-242. [PMID: 38148504 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a potentially fatal inherited pharmacogenetic disorder related to pathogenic variants in the RYR1, CACNA1S, or STAC3 genes. Early recognition of the occurrence of MH and prompt medical treatment are indispensable to ensure a positive outcome. The purpose of this study was to provide valuable information for the early identification of MH by summarizing epidemiological and clinical features of MH. This scoping review followed the methodological framework recommended by Arksey and O'Malley. PubMed, Embase, and Web of science databases were searched for studies that evaluated the epidemical and clinical characteristics of MH. A total of 37 studies were included in this review, of which 26 were related to epidemiology and 24 were associated with clinical characteristics. The morbidity of MH varied from 0.18 per 100 000 to 3.9 per 100 000. The mortality was within the range of 0%-18.2%. Identified risk factors included sex, age, disorders associated with MH, and others. The most frequent initial clinical signs included hyperthermia, sinus tachycardia, and hypercarbia. The occurrence of certain signs, such as hypercapnia, delayed first temperature measurement, and peak temperature were associated with poor outcomes. The epidemiological and clinical features of MH varied considerably and some risk factors and typical clinical signs were identified. The main limitation of this review is that the treatment and management strategies were not assessed sufficiently due to limited information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhukai Cong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and lmprovement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and lmprovement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
| | - Jiechu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and lmprovement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
| | - Luyang Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and lmprovement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
| | - Cathy Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zhengqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and lmprovement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Research Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzheng Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and lmprovement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and lmprovement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and lmprovement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and lmprovement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyin Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and lmprovement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and lmprovement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
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Marabelli C, Santiago DJ, Priori SG. The Structural-Functional Crosstalk of the Calsequestrin System: Insights and Pathological Implications. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1693. [PMID: 38136565 PMCID: PMC10741413 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Calsequestrin (CASQ) is a key intra-sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-handling protein that plays a pivotal role in the contraction of cardiac and skeletal muscles. Its Ca2+-dependent polymerization dynamics shape the translation of electric excitation signals to the Ca2+-induced contraction of the actin-myosin architecture. Mutations in CASQ are linked to life-threatening pathological conditions, including tubular aggregate myopathy, malignant hyperthermia, and Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT). The variability in the penetrance of these phenotypes and the lack of a clear understanding of the disease mechanisms associated with CASQ mutations pose a major challenge to the development of effective therapeutic strategies. In vitro studies have mainly focused on the polymerization and Ca2+-buffering properties of CASQ but have provided little insight into the complex interplay of structural and functional changes that underlie disease. In this review, the biochemical and structural natures of CASQ are explored in-depth, while emphasizing their direct and indirect consequences for muscle Ca2+ physiology. We propose a novel functional classification of CASQ pathological missense mutations based on the structural stability of the monomer, dimer, or linear polymer conformation. We also highlight emerging similarities between polymeric CASQ and polyelectrolyte systems, emphasizing the potential for the use of this paradigm to guide further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Marabelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS ICS Maugeri, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Demetrio J. Santiago
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Silvia G. Priori
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS ICS Maugeri, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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Figueroa L, Kraeva N, Manno C, Ibarra-Moreno CA, Tammineni ER, Riazi S, Rios E. Distinct pathophysiological characteristics in developing muscle from patients susceptible to malignant hyperthermia. Br J Anaesth 2023; 131:47-55. [PMID: 36792386 PMCID: PMC10308439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most patients with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility diagnosed by the in vitro caffeine-halothane contracture test (CHCT) develop excessive force in response to halothane but not caffeine (halothane-hypersensitive). Hallmarks of halothane-hypersensitive patients include high incidence of musculoskeletal symptoms at rest and abnormal calcium events in muscle. By measuring sensitivity to halothane of myotubes and extending clinical observations and cell-level studies to a large group of patients, we reach new insights into the pathological mechanism of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. METHODS Patients with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility were classified into subgroups HH and HS (positive to halothane only and positive to both caffeine and halothane). The effects on [Ca2+]cyto of halothane concentrations between 0.5 and 3 % were measured in myotubes and compared with CHCT responses of muscle. A clinical index that summarises patient symptoms was determined for 67 patients, together with a calcium index summarising resting [Ca2+]cyto and spontaneous and electrically evoked Ca2+ events in their primary myotubes. RESULTS Halothane-hypersensitive myotubes showed a higher response to halothane 0.5% than the caffeine-halothane hypersensitive myotubes (P<0.001), but a lower response to higher concentrations, comparable with that used in the CHCT (P=0.055). The HH group had a higher calcium index (P<0.001), but their clinical index was not significantly elevated vs the HS. Principal component analysis identified electrically evoked Ca2+ spikes and resting [Ca2+]cyto as the strongest variables for separation of subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced sensitivity to depolarisation and to halothane appear to be the primary, mutually reinforcing and phenotype-defining defects of halothane-hypersensitive patients with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Figueroa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University Medical Centre, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Natalia Kraeva
- Malignant Hyperthermia Unit, Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carlo Manno
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University Medical Centre, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carlos A Ibarra-Moreno
- Malignant Hyperthermia Unit, Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eshwar R Tammineni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University Medical Centre, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sheila Riazi
- Malignant Hyperthermia Unit, Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eduardo Rios
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University Medical Centre, Chicago, IL, USA
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White R, Schiemann AH, Burling SM, Bjorksten A, Bulger T, Gillies R, Hopkins PM, Kamsteeg EJ, Machon RG, Massey S, Miller D, Perry M, Snoeck MM, Stephens J, Street N, van den Bersselaar LR, Stowell KM. Functional analysis of RYR1 variants in patients with confirmed susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. Br J Anaesth 2022; 129:879-888. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Woo JS, Jeong SY, Park JH, Choi JH, Lee EH. Calsequestrin: a well-known but curious protein in skeletal muscle. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1908-1925. [PMID: 33288873 PMCID: PMC8080761 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Calsequestrin (CASQ) was discovered in rabbit skeletal muscle tissues in 1971 and has been considered simply a passive Ca2+-buffering protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) that provides Ca2+ ions for various Ca2+ signals. For the past three decades, physiologists, biochemists, and structural biologists have examined the roles of the skeletal muscle type of CASQ (CASQ1) in skeletal muscle and revealed that CASQ1 has various important functions as (1) a major Ca2+-buffering protein to maintain the SR with a suitable amount of Ca2+ at each moment, (2) a dynamic Ca2+ sensor in the SR that regulates Ca2+ release from the SR to the cytosol, (3) a structural regulator for the proper formation of terminal cisternae, (4) a reverse-directional regulator of extracellular Ca2+ entries, and (5) a cause of human skeletal muscle diseases. This review is focused on understanding these functions of CASQ1 in the physiological or pathophysiological status of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seok Woo
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 10833, USA
| | - Seung Yeon Jeong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Ji Hee Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Jun Hee Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Eun Hui Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea.
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea.
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Rossi D, Gamberucci A, Pierantozzi E, Amato C, Migliore L, Sorrentino V. Calsequestrin, a key protein in striated muscle health and disease. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2020; 42:267-279. [PMID: 32488451 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-020-09583-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Calsequestrin (CASQ) is the most abundant Ca2+ binding protein localized in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of skeletal and cardiac muscle. The genome of vertebrates contains two genes, CASQ1 and CASQ2. CASQ1 and CASQ2 have a high level of homology, but show specific patterns of expression. Fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibers express only CASQ1, both CASQ1 and CASQ2 are present in slow-twitch skeletal muscle fibers, while CASQ2 is the only protein present in cardiomyocytes. Depending on the intraluminal SR Ca2+ levels, CASQ monomers assemble to form large polymers, which increase their Ca2+ binding ability. CASQ interacts with triadin and junctin, two additional SR proteins which contribute to localize CASQ to the junctional region of the SR (j-SR) and also modulate CASQ ability to polymerize into large macromolecular complexes. In addition to its ability to bind Ca2+ in the SR, CASQ appears also to be able to contribute to regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in muscle cells. Both CASQ1 and CASQ2 are able to either activate and inhibit the ryanodine receptors (RyRs) calcium release channels, likely through their interactions with junctin and triadin. Additional evidence indicates that CASQ1 contributes to regulate the mechanism of store operated calcium entry in skeletal muscle via a direct interaction with the Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1). Mutations in CASQ2 and CASQ1 have been identified, respectively, in patients with catecholamine-induced polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and in patients with some forms of myopathy. This review will highlight recent developments in understanding CASQ1 and CASQ2 in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rossi
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Gamberucci
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Enrico Pierantozzi
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Amato
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Loredana Migliore
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
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Sadhasivam S, Brandom BW, Henker RA, McAuliffe JJ. Bayesian modeling to predict malignant hyperthermia susceptibility and pathogenicity of RYR1, CACNA1S and STAC3 variants. Pharmacogenomics 2019; 20:989-1003. [PMID: 31559918 PMCID: PMC7006767 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Identify variants in RYR1, CACNA1S and STAC3, and predict malignant hyperthermia (MH) pathogenicity using Bayesian statistics in individuals clinically treated as MH susceptible (MHS). Materials & methods: Whole exome sequencing including RYR1, CACNA1S and STAC3 performed on 64 subjects with: MHS; suspected MH event or first-degree relative; and MH negative. Variant pathogenicity was estimated using in silico analysis, allele frequency and prior data to calculate Bayesian posterior probabilities. Results: Bayesian statistics predicted CACNA1S variant p.Thr1009Lys and RYR1 variants p.Ser1728Phe and p.Leu4824Pro are likely pathogenic, and novel STAC3 variant p.Met187Thr has uncertain significance. Nearly a third of MHS subjects had only benign variants. Conclusion: Bayesian method provides new approach to predict MH pathogenicity of genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Sadhasivam
- Department of Anesthesia, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Barbara W Brandom
- The North American Malignant Hyperthermia Registry of the Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States (MHAUS), Department of Nurse Anesthesia, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Richard A Henker
- The North American Malignant Hyperthermia Registry of the Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States (MHAUS), Department of Nurse Anesthesia, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - John J McAuliffe
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We will give an overview of neuromuscular disorders that can be linked with malignant hyperthermia or malignant hyperthermia-like reactions, and suggest an appropriate approach to interpret the risks. RECENT FINDINGS An increasing number of neuromuscular phenotypes have been linked to malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS). This is for an important part due to the highly variable phenotype associated with mutations in the ryanodine receptor 1 gene (RYR1), the gene most frequently associated with MHS. A RYR1-mutation or a clinical RYR1-phenotype does not automatically translate in MHS, but precautions should be taken nonetheless. In addition, several other genes and phenotypes are now considered to be associated with MHS. In contrast, several neuromuscular diseases that were long thought to be linked to MHS are now known to cause malignant hyperthermia-like reactions instead of malignant hyperthermia. This is highly relevant as not only the given preoperative advice differs, but also acute treatment. SUMMARY This review provides a summary of current evidence linking certain neuromuscular diseases to malignant hyperthermia or malignant hyperthermia-like reactions. We provide a guide for the clinician, to determine which patients are at risk of malignant hyperthermia or malignant hyperthermia-like reactions perioperatively, and to ensure adequate treatment in case such a severe acute complication occurs.
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Abstract
This article reviews advancements in the genetics of malignant hyperthermia, new technologies and approaches for its diagnosis, and the existing limitations of genetic testing for malignant hyperthermia. It also reviews the various RYR1-related disorders and phenotypes, such as myopathies, exertional rhabdomyolysis, and bleeding disorders, and examines the connection between these disorders and malignant hyperthermia.
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Perez CF, Eltit JM, Lopez JR, Bodnár D, Dulhunty AF, Aditya S, Casarotto MG. Functional and structural characterization of a novel malignant hyperthermia-susceptible variant of DHPR-β 1a subunit (CACNB1). Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C323-C333. [PMID: 29212769 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00187.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptibility has been recently linked to a novel variant of β1a subunit of the dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR), a channel essential for Ca2+ regulation in skeletal muscle. Here we evaluate the effect of the mutant variant V156A on the structure/function of DHPR β1a subunit and assess its role on Ca2+ metabolism of cultured myotubes. Using differential scanning fluorimetry, we show that mutation V156A causes a significant reduction in thermal stability of the Src homology 3/guanylate kinase core domain of β1a subunit. Expression of the variant subunit in β1-null mouse myotubes resulted in increased sensitivity to caffeine stimulation. Whole cell patch-clamp analysis of β1a-V156A-expressing myotubes revealed a -2 mV shift in voltage dependence of channel activation, but no changes in Ca2+ conductance, current kinetics, or sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ load were observed. Measurement of resting free Ca2+ and Na+ concentrations shows that both cations were significantly elevated in β1a-V156A-expressing myotubes and that these changes were linked to increased rates of plasmalemmal Ca2+ entry through Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and/or transient receptor potential canonical channels. Overall, our data show that mutant variant V156A results in instability of protein subdomains of β1a subunit leading to a phenotype of Ca2+ dysregulation that partly resembles that of other MH-linked mutations of DHPR α1S subunit. These data prove that homozygous expression of variant β1a-V156A has the potential to be a pathological variant, although it may require other gene defects to cause a full MH phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio F Perez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jose M Eltit
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jose R Lopez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Dóra Bodnár
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Angela F Dulhunty
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University , Canberra , Australia
| | - Shouvik Aditya
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University , Canberra , Australia
| | - Marco G Casarotto
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University , Canberra , Australia
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Dulhunty AF, Wei-LaPierre L, Casarotto MG, Beard NA. Core skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor calcium release complex. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:3-12. [PMID: 27696487 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The core skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR1) calcium release complex extends through three compartments of the muscle fibre, linking the extracellular environment through the cytoplasmic junctional gap to the lumen of the internal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium store. The protein complex is essential for skeletal excitation-contraction (EC)-coupling and skeletal muscle function. Its importance is highlighted by perinatal death if any one of the EC-coupling components are missing and by myopathies associated with mutation of any of the proteins. The proteins essential for EC-coupling include the DHPR α1S subunit in the transverse tubule membrane, the DHPR β1a subunit in the cytosol and the RyR1 ion channel in the SR membrane. The other core proteins are triadin and junctin and calsequestrin, associated mainly with SR. These SR proteins are not essential for survival but exert structural and functional influences that modify the gain of EC-coupling and maintain normal muscle function. This review summarises our current knowledge of the individual protein/protein interactions within the core complex and their overall contribution to EC-coupling. We highlight significant areas that provide a continuing challenge for the field. Additional important components of the Ca2+ release complex, such as FKBP12, calmodulin, S100A1 and Stac3 are identified and reviewed elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela F Dulhunty
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lan Wei-LaPierre
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marco G Casarotto
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nicole A Beard
- Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Dulhunty AF, Board PG, Beard NA, Casarotto MG. Physiology and Pharmacology of Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channels. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 79:287-324. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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