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Ukonu IC, Wallace CA, Lowe NM. Household food security and dietary diversity in south-eastern Nigeria. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2024; 20:e13599. [PMID: 38047327 PMCID: PMC11168364 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate household food security (access) level and the dietary diversity of households in the Nsukka Local Government Area in South-eastern Nigeria. From 20 local communities of Nsukka, 390 women were randomly sampled from the women's group and asked to complete a survey that determined the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale scores and the Household Dietary Diversity Scores (HDDS). The descriptive results indicated a high level of food insecurity with 82.6% households reporting various degrees of food insecurity. Over half of the sampled population experienced insufficient food quality. They either ate unwanted food (65.9%), limited variety (63.1%), or unpreferred food (64.6%). Some households experienced insufficient food intake by going a whole day without food (38.2%), go to sleep hungry (45.1%), or have no food of any kind (49%). The analysis of variance showed no significant difference (p = 0.428) in the food security level of households headed by males as compared with those headed by females. Approximately 53.6% of households fell at or below the average HDDS; males headed 48% of these households, while females headed 64%. The chi-square test indicated factors associated with household food security including age, education, work status and income, whereas the gender of the household head, household size and marital status were not significantly associated. Public-private partnerships, nutrition orientation and food intervention programs could improve food security in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijeoma C. Ukonu
- School of Sport and Health SciencesThe University of Central LancashirePrestonUK
| | - Carol A. Wallace
- School of Sport and Health SciencesThe University of Central LancashirePrestonUK
| | - Nicola M. Lowe
- School of Sport and Health SciencesThe University of Central LancashirePrestonUK
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Gaupholm J, Dodd W, Papadopoulos A, Little M. Exploring the double burden of malnutrition at the household level in the Philippines: Analysis of National Nutrition Survey data. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288402. [PMID: 37459316 PMCID: PMC10351706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Philippines, the rising prevalence of obesity and related chronic diseases alongside persistent undernutrition presents a complex public health challenge. Understanding the patterns and dynamics of this 'double burden of malnutrition' (DBM) is crucial for developing effective intervention strategies. However, evidence of the occurrence of undernutrition and overnutrition within the same household is currently lacking. METHODS Using cross-sectional data from the 2013 Philippines National Nutrition Survey this study examined the prevalence of different typologies of household-level DBM from an analytical sample of 5,837 households and 25,417 individuals. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with overall occurrence of intrahousehold DBM. RESULTS The overall prevalence of double burden households was 56% based on a comprehensive definition. The most common typology of intrahousehold DBM characterized in this study (% of all households) comprised households with at least one adult with overnutrition and at least one separate adult with undernutrition. Household size, wealth quintile, food insecurity, and household dietary diversity were all associated with household-level DBM. Double burden households were also influenced by head of household characteristics, including sex, level of education, employment status, and age. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study reveal that the coexistence of overnutrition and undernutrition at the household level is a major public health concern in the Philippines. Further comprehensive assessments of household-level manifestations of the DBM are needed to improve our understanding of the trends and drivers of this phenomenon in order to develop better targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Gaupholm
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Warren Dodd
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Papadopoulos
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Little
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Colombia, Canada
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Manikas I, Ali BM, Sundarakani B. A systematic literature review of indicators measuring food security. AGRICULTURE & FOOD SECURITY 2023; 12:10. [PMID: 37193360 PMCID: PMC10161169 DOI: 10.1186/s40066-023-00415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Measurement is critical for assessing and monitoring food security. Yet, it is difficult to comprehend which food security dimensions, components, and levels the numerous available indicators reflect. We thus conducted a systematic literature review to analyse the scientific evidence on these indicators to comprehend the food security dimensions and components covered, intended purpose, level of analysis, data requirements, and recent developments and concepts applied in food security measurement. Data analysis of 78 articles shows that the household-level calorie adequacy indicator is the most frequently used (22%) as a sole measure of food security. The dietary diversity-based (44%) and experience-based (40%) indicators also find frequent use. The food utilisation (13%) and stability (18%) dimensions were seldom captured when measuring food security, and only three of the retrieved publications measured food security by considering all the four food security dimensions. The majority of the studies that applied calorie adequacy and dietary diversity-based indicators employed secondary data whereas most of the studies that applied experience-based indicators employed primary data, suggesting the convenience of collecting data for experience-based indicators than dietary-based indicators. We confirm that the estimation of complementary food security indicators consistently over time can help capture the different food security dimensions and components, and experience-based indicators are more suitable for rapid food security assessments. We suggest practitioners to integrate food consumption and anthropometry data in regular household living standard surveys for more comprehensive food security analysis. The results of this study can be used by food security stakeholders such as governments, practitioners and academics for briefs, teaching, as well as policy-related interventions and evaluations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40066-023-00415-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Manikas
- Faculty of Business, University of Wollongong in Dubai, Knowledge Park, 20183 Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Beshir M. Ali
- Faculty of Business, University of Wollongong in Dubai, Knowledge Park, 20183 Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Balan Sundarakani
- Faculty of Business, University of Wollongong in Dubai, Knowledge Park, 20183 Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Matita M, Chirwa EW, Johnston D, Mazalale J, Smith R, Walls H. Does household participation in food markets increase dietary diversity? Evidence from rural Malawi. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang J, Zhao A, Ke Y, Huo S, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Ren Z, Li Z, Liu K. Dietary Behaviors in the Post-Lockdown Period and Its Effects on Dietary Diversity: The Second Stage of a Nutrition Survey in a Longitudinal Chinese Study in the COVID-19 Era. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3269. [PMID: 33114499 PMCID: PMC7693097 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has imposed enormous challenges on people's lifestyles. People in China have gradually returned to normal life; however, in the protracted pandemic, people may still follow certain dietary behaviors to cope with COVID-19. This study was the second stage of a longitudinal nutritional survey conducted in post-lockdown China that was aimed at exploring post-lockdown dietary behaviors and their effects on dietary diversity. In line with the first stage of the survey, the current dietary behaviors used to cope with COVID-19 and ways of purchasing food were determined. In addition, changes in dietary behavior compared to the same period in 2019 and those behaviors recommended to ensure food safety were also investigated. The Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) was used to assess dietary diversity; this was also used in the first stage of the survey. Linear regression was used to model the associations between the HDDS, participants' characteristics, and dietary behaviors. The data of 1994 participants were included in the analysis. The overall mean HDDS was 9.2 ± 2.0. Compared to the same period in 2019, a substantial proportion of participants self-reported that they had recently decreased eating in restaurants (61.6%) and reduced intakes of seafood (53.1%), imported frozen food (57.1%), and raw food (60.5%), while 64.8% of participants reported increased cooking at home. People with an increased consumption of seafood (adjusted OR (95%CI) = 0.56 (0.07, 1.04)) and raw food (adjusted OR (95%CI) = 0.74 (0.27, 1.21)) had a significantly higher HDDS. Participants who changed their consumption of imported frozen food (both increased and decreased) had a higher HDDS (adjusted OR (95%CI) = 0.56 (0.07, 1.04) and 0.27 (0.09, 0.44), respectively). People who depended more on purchasing food online had a significantly higher HDDS (adjusted OR (95%CI) = 0.29 (0.02, 0.55)). Compared to the data from stage 1, the proportion of people choosing healthy products to cope with COVID-19 did not greatly change and those people had a higher HDDS (adjusted OR (95%CI) = 0.31 (0.19, 0.42)). Although this study found that the proportion of people who chose to use alcohol or vinegar to prevent COVID-19 had decreased substantially compared to during lockdown, there were still 5.3% and 9.8% who followed these irrational behaviors. Regarding the dietary behavior regarding food safety, except for cooking food fully, fewer than half of participants followed the recommended dietary behaviors, including individual food servings (44.2%), using serving chopsticks and spoons (44.8%), and preparing raw and cooked food separately (43.3%). People who followed these behaviors had a better dietary diversity. In conclusion, during the post-lockdown period, people still followed certain dietary behaviors to cope with COVID-19. While some dietary behaviors were adopted to help prevent infection, irrational dietary behaviors were still followed. These behaviors were associated with the dietary diversity in Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100091, China;
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.K.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.Z.); (Z.R.)
| | - Ai Zhao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100091, China;
| | - Yalei Ke
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.K.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.Z.); (Z.R.)
| | - Shanshan Huo
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.K.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.Z.); (Z.R.)
| | - Yidi Ma
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.K.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.Z.); (Z.R.)
| | - Yumei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.K.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.Z.); (Z.R.)
| | - Zhongxia Ren
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.K.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.Z.); (Z.R.)
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Keyang Liu
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5620032, Japan;
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Dietary Diversity among Chinese Residents during the COVID-19 Outbreak and Its Associated Factors. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061699. [PMID: 32517210 PMCID: PMC7352896 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, has imposed enormous challenges on the health system, economy, and food supply and has substantially modified people’s lifestyles. This study aimed to (1) explore the dietary diversity during the lockdown time in China and (2) examine factors associated with dietary diversity including socio-economic characteristics, sources for food and food purchases, and specific dietary behaviors responding to COVID-19 and isolation. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted online in March 2020. Multi-stage sampling was used to recruit participants living in Hubei Province and other parts of China. Dietary diversity was assessed using the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) and clustering analysis was used to categorize people with different propensities of methods for purchasing or obtaining foods. Logistic regression was used to model the associations among HDDS, participants’ characteristics, approaches to purchase or obtain food, and behaviors adopted to cope with COVID-19. Results: A total of 1938 participants were included in the analysis. The overall mean HDDS was 9.7 ± 2.1, and the median (25th, 75th) was 10 (8, 12). There were relatively low consumptions of fish, legumes, and miscellaneous foods (e.g., processed food like snacks and beverages). After adjusting for age, family income, and geographic regions, people living in places where laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases were above 500 (ORadjusted = 0.79, 95%CI 0.65, 0.96), or living in Hubei Province (ORadjusted = 0.60, 95%CI 0.39, 0.93) had a lower HDDS. During isolation time, the most common sources for food and food purchases were in-house storage and in person grocery shopping. More than half of the participants (55.9%) purchased food at least once via online ordering and delivery services. There was no significant difference in HDDS among people with distinct dependences on different ways to obtain or purchase food (i.e., dependence on in-person grocery shopping, dependence on both in-house storage and in-person grocery shopping, or dependence on online food purchasing). We also identified a total of 37.7% participants who consumed certain foods or nutritional supplements to cope with COVID-19, which included vitamin C, probiotics, other dietary supplements, alcohol, and vinegar. People who reported these specific dietary behaviors had a significantly higher HDDS (ORadjusted = 1.23, 95%CI 1.02, 1.45) than those who did not do so. This study revealed an overall good dietary diversity among the studied Chinese residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we observed a lower dietary diversity among people living in areas with a high number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. Online ordering and delivery services were popular and could serve as a feasible method to obtain and purchase food, contributing to ensure diversified diets during the time of lockdown. Certain dietary behaviors associated with COVID-19 were also identified and had significant impacts on HDDS.
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Impact of Poultry Farmers' Participation in Modern Food Retail Markets on Household Dietary Diversity: Lessons from Southeast Nigeria. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040611. [PMID: 32252401 PMCID: PMC7222769 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Developing countries’ food systems are experiencing rapid transformations led by modern food retail market (MFRM) channels such as supermarkets, fast food firms, hotels, and convenience stores. This paper analyzes the impact of these channels on farm households’ dietary diversity with survey data from Southeast Nigeria. Estimates from the instrumental variable model show that participation in MFRM is associated with a significant increase in dietary diversity. Furthermore, the linkages through which MFRM participation impacts dietary diversity are analyzed using seemingly unrelated regression. Poultry farm income, consumption of poultry products produced by the farmer, and area of vegetable cultivated using poultry droppings have positive association with dietary diversity, while male controlled poultry farm revenue has negative association with dietary quality. Our study provides useful insights that poultry farm managers would find helpful. It also serves as a potential source of information for policymakers for planning as it links smallholder poultry farmers’ participation in modern food retail markets to improved nutrition. Abstract This study analyzed the interrelationships between participation in MFRMs and dietary diversity of poultry farming households in Southeast Nigeria. We used cross-sectional data from poultry farmers in Southeast Nigeria and employed instrumental variable and seemingly unrelated regression models to estimate the impact of MFRM participation and major linkages to poultry farm households’ dietary diversity. The results show that participating in MFRMs, relative to traditional markets, improved poultry farmers’ dietary diversity. Moreover, dietary diversity was positively related to higher poultry farm incomes, higher value of own poultry products consumed, and larger area of vegetable cultivated using poultry droppings as manure. Furthermore, increased poultry farm income, higher value of own poultry products consumed, and larger area of vegetable land cultivated using poultry droppings as manure increased the dietary diversity of the farm households. In contrast, a higher share of poultry production revenue controlled by men reduced household dietary diversity. These findings make clear the potential of improving farming households’ nutrition outcomes by promoting participation in MFRMs and the major impact pathways.
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Villena-Esponera MP, Moreno-Rojas R, Molina-Recio G. Validation of a Scale to Assess Household Food Insecurity in One Rural and One Periurban Area of Ecuador, with a High Percentage of Migrants. Ecol Food Nutr 2019; 58:104-119. [PMID: 30700153 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2019.1570177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ecuador is the country that receives and integrates the largest amount of refugees and migrants of Latin America into its population and it has to have valid instruments for measuring and monitoring its food insecurity situation. A food security scale was applied to a sample of households in one rural area (n = 36), and another peri-urban one (n = 153). The validation was made following FAO recommendations. On applying the Raschse model it was observed that the theoretical severity of the questions was reflected similarly in the experiences of the households. The infit statistics for each item are placed in acceptable values (0.7-1.3). The results of the validated scale indicate that the study population finds itself in a serious food insecurity situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pilar Villena-Esponera
- a Department of Food Science and Technology , University of Cordoba, Agrifood Campus of Excellence International CeiA3 , Córdoba , Spain.,b Food Safety and Quality Research Group , Pontificial Catholic University of Ecuador in Esmeraldas (PUCESE) , Esmeraldas , Ecuador
| | - Rafael Moreno-Rojas
- a Department of Food Science and Technology , University of Cordoba, Agrifood Campus of Excellence International CeiA3 , Córdoba , Spain
| | - Guillermo Molina-Recio
- c Department of Nursing, NURSE Group, ADENYD, School of Medicine and Nursing , University of Córdoba , Córdoba , Spain
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Evaluating the pathways from small-scale irrigation to dietary diversity: evidence from Ethiopia and Tanzania. Food Secur 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-018-0812-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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