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Liang J, Li Y, Wan P, Zhang W, Han J, Zhang M, Li B, Jin T. CYP19A1 polymorphisms and bladder cancer risk in the Chinese Han population. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39086208 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2387652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of CYP19A1 has implications for the prognosis of female bladder cancer. However, this study aimed to explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP19A1 and bladder cancer risk, as no prior research has addressed this association. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We selected and genotyped five CYP19A1 SNPs (rs4646, rs6493487, rs1062033, rs17601876, and rs3751599) in 217 patients and 550 controls using the Agena MassARRAY system. Logistic regression analysis was employed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Bioinformatics predicted SNP functions and CYP19A1 involving pathways. RESULTS Our study revealed a significant association between bladder cancer risk and four SNPs (rs4646 (AC vs. CC: OR = 1.71, FDR-p = 0.005), rs6493487 (G vs. A: OR = 0.68, FDR-p = 0.011), rs1062033 (G vs. C: OR = 0.36, FDR-p < 0.001), and rs17601876 (GA vs. GG: OR = 1.66, FDR-p = 0.008)) in CYP19A1. The three SNPs (rs4646, rs1062033, and rs17601876) were significantly correlated with CYP19A1 expression levels in normal whole blood (p < 0.05). Moreover, CYP19A1 was found to primarily participate in the steroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolic pathways. CONCLUSIONS Consequently, CYP19A1 gene polymorphisms may play a crucial role in the genetic susceptibility to bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongfei Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Panpan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhui Han
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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2
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Zhao J, Wang Q, Tan AF, Loh CJL, Toh HC. Sex differences in cancer and immunotherapy outcomes: the role of androgen receptor. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1416941. [PMID: 38863718 PMCID: PMC11165033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1416941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Across the wide range of clinical conditions, there exists a sex imbalance where biological females are more prone to autoimmune diseases and males to some cancers. These discrepancies are the combinatory consequence of lifestyle and environmental factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and oncogenic viruses, as well as other intrinsic biological traits including sex chromosomes and sex hormones. While the emergence of immuno-oncology (I/O) has revolutionised cancer care, the efficacy across multiple cancers may be limited because of a complex, dynamic interplay between the tumour and its microenvironment (TME). Indeed, sex and gender can also influence the varying effectiveness of I/O. Androgen receptor (AR) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and in shaping the TME. Here, we lay out the epidemiological context of sex disparity in cancer and then review the current literature on how AR signalling contributes to such observation via altered tumour development and immunology. We offer insights into AR-mediated immunosuppressive mechanisms, with the hope of translating preclinical and clinical evidence in gender oncology into improved outcomes in personalised, I/O-based cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Zhao
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qian Wang
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medical Oncology Cancer Hospital of China Medical University/Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | | | - Celestine Jia Ling Loh
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Bilski K, Żeber-Lubecka N, Kulecka M, Dąbrowska M, Bałabas A, Ostrowski J, Dobruch A, Dobruch J. Microbiome Sex-Related Diversity in Non-Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Bladder Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3595-3609. [PMID: 38666955 PMCID: PMC11048804 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex-specific discrepancies in bladder cancer (BCa) are reported, and new studies imply that microbiome may partially explain the diversity. We aim to provide characterization of the bladder microbiome in both sexes diagnosed with non-muscle-invasive BCa with specific insight into cancer grade. In our study, 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing was performed on midstream urine, bladder tumor sample, and healthy-appearing bladder mucosa. Bacterial DNA was isolated using QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit. Metagenomic analysis was performed using hypervariable fragments of the 16S rRNA gene on Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine platform. Of 41 sample triplets, 2153 taxa were discovered: 1739 in tumor samples, 1801 in healthy-appearing bladder mucosa and 1370 in midstream urine. Women were found to have smaller taxa richness in Chao1 index than men (p = 0.03). In comparison to low-grade tumors, patients with high-grade lesions had lower bacterial diversity and richness in urine. Significant differences between sexes in relative abundance of communities at family level were only observed in high-grade tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Bilski
- Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Independent Public Hospital of Prof. W. Orlowski, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Natalia Żeber-Lubecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre for Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (N.Ż.-L.); (M.K.); (J.O.)
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre for Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (N.Ż.-L.); (M.K.); (J.O.)
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Michalina Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Aneta Bałabas
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre for Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (N.Ż.-L.); (M.K.); (J.O.)
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Jakub Dobruch
- Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Independent Public Hospital of Prof. W. Orlowski, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland;
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Li S, Wang J, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Liu Z, Yin Z, Liu J, He D. Establishment and validation of nomograms to predict the overall survival and cancer-specific survival for non-metastatic bladder cancer patients: A large population-based cohort study and external validation. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37492. [PMID: 38489693 PMCID: PMC10939645 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop nomograms to accurately predict the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of non-metastatic bladder cancer (BC) patients. Clinicopathological information of 260,412 non-metastatic BC patients was downloaded from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2000 to 2020. LASSO method and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were utilized to discover the independent risk factors, which were used to develop nomograms. The accuracy and discrimination of models were tested by the consistency index (C-index), the area under the subject operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the calibration curve. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to test the clinical value of nomograms compared with the TNM staging system. Nomograms predicting OS and CSS were constructed after identifying independent prognostic factors. The C-index of the training, internal validation and external validation cohort for OS was 0.722 (95%CI: 0.720-0.724), 0.723 (95%CI: 0.721-0.725) and 0.744 (95%CI: 0.677-0.811). The C-index of the training, internal validation and external validation cohort for CSS was 0.794 (95%CI: 0.792-0.796), 0.793 (95%CI: 0.789-0.797) and 0.879 (95%CI: 0.814-0.944). The AUC and the calibration curves showed good accuracy and discriminability. The DCA showed favorable clinical potential value of nomograms. Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test uncovered statistically significance survival difference between high- and low-risk groups. We developed nomograms to predict OS and CSS for non-metastatic BC patients. The models have been internally and externally validated with accuracy and discrimination and can assist clinicians to make better clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinkui Wang
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhikang Yin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhong Liu
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dawei He
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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5
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Guo L, Liu L, Liu Y, Yang T, Wang G, Liu J, Li S, Cai J. Development of a prognostic model for long-term survival of young patients with bladder cancer: a retrospective analysis of the SEER Database. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080092. [PMID: 38458812 PMCID: PMC10928756 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to present the clinical characteristics of young patients with bladder cancer (YBCa), evaluate related risk factors and construct a nomogram based on data acquired from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Database. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of the SEER Database (2004-2015) for primary YBCa. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Data for YBCa (defined as those aged 40 years or younger) were extracted from the SEER Database, which covers approximately 28% of the US population, using the SEER*Stat software (V.8.4.0.1). A total of 1233 YBCa were identified. Patients were randomly assigned to the training and validation sets. The database included clinicopathological features, demographic information and survival outcomes, such as age, gender, race, year of diagnosis, marital status at diagnosis, primary tumour site, histological type, tumour grade, tumour, node, metastases (TNM) staging, treatment regimen for the primary tumour, cause of death and survival time. A nomogram model was developed using univariate and multivariate analyses. The prediction model was validated using the consistency index (C-index), calibration curve and receiver operating characteristic curve. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES 3-year, 5-year and 10-year overall survival (OS). RESULTS 1233 YBCa from 2004 to 2015 were randomly assigned to the training set (n=865) and validation set (n=368). Age, marital status, tumour grade, histological type and TNM staging were included in the nomogram. The C-index of the model was 0.876. The 3-year, 5-year and 10-year OS area under the curve values for the training and validation sets were 0.949, 0.923 and 0.856, and 0.919, 0.890 and 0.904, respectively. Calibration plots showed that the nomogram had a robust predictive accuracy. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to establish a precise nomogram predicting the 3-year, 5-year and 10-year OS in YBCa based on multivariate analyses. Our nomogram may serve as a valuable reference for future diagnostics and individualised treatments for YBCa. However, external validation is warranted to assess the accuracy and generalisability of our prognostic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxiong Guo
- Department of Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Surgery and Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Urology, Baoding No 1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Prostate & Andrology Key Laboratory, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- Rheumatology and Immunology, Hebei General Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medicine University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Surgery and Urology, Hebei General Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medicine University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Surgery and Urology, Hebei General Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medicine University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Junjiang Liu
- Department of Surgery and Urology, Hebei General Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medicine University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Suwei Li
- YETEM Biotechnology Hebei Corporation, Ltd, Zhengding Area of Hebei Free Trade Zone, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianhui Cai
- Department of Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Surgery, Department of Oncology & Immunotherapy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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6
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Mariotti A, Spatafora P, Sessa F, Saieva C, Galli IC, Roviello G, Doni L, Zaccaro C, Bisegna C, Conte FL, Mariottini R, Marzocco A, Masieri L, Vignolini G, Minervini A, Serni S, Carini M, Nesi G, Villari D. Gender and cystectomy for bladder cancer: A high-volume tertiary urologic care center experience. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2023; 49:107034. [PMID: 37639860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.107034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences have often been reported in the outcomes of bladder cancer (BC) patients according to gender. OBJECTIVE This study aims to provide data on patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) in a high-volume tertiary urologic center and to assess whether gender discrepancies do exist in terms of surgical options and clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive BC patients treated between 2016 and 2020 at a single center (Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy) were included in the study. The impact of gender on disease stage at diagnosis, overall survival (OS), and type of surgery was analyzed. RESULTS The study series comprised 447 patients (85 females and 362 males). At a median follow-up of 28.3 months (IQR: 33.5), OS was 52.6% and cancer-specific survival was 67.6%. Significant differences in OS emerged for age, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), pT, and pN. OS rates were higher in patients undergoing robot-assisted surgery and in those receiving open orthotopic neobladder (ONB) (p = 0.0001). No statistically significant differences were found between male and female patients regarding surgical offer in any age group, surgical time, early postoperative complications, pathologic stage, and OS. CONCLUSIONS After adjustment for pathologic tumor stage and treatment modalities, female and male patients showed similar oncologic outcomes. Further studies should be undertaken to evaluate functional results in women subjected to RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mariotti
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - P Spatafora
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - F Sessa
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - C Saieva
- Cancer Risk Factors and LifeStyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - I C Galli
- Histopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - G Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - L Doni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - C Zaccaro
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - C Bisegna
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - F L Conte
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - R Mariottini
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - A Marzocco
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - L Masieri
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Urology Unit, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - G Vignolini
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - A Minervini
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - S Serni
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M Carini
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - G Nesi
- Histopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - D Villari
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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7
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Cayuela L, Medina-López R, Lendínez-Cano G, Cayuela A. Bladder cancer mortality trends in Spain: 1980-2021. Actas Urol Esp 2023; 47:517-526. [PMID: 37355208 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We propose to update bladder cancer mortality rates in Spain from 1980 to 2021, by sex and age-group, by autonomous community (AC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The public online databases of the National Statistical Institute were used to obtain data on population and bladder cancer mortality. Age-standardised mortality rates (ASMRs), all ages and truncated (<75 and ≥75) were estimated and reported as rates per 100,000 persons. Joinpoint regression software was used for estimation and trend analysis of ASMRs bladder cancer. RESULTS In the last decade, the ASMR for bladder cancer (all ages, <75 years and ≥75 years) decreased significantly in Spain for both sexes. This trend was observed in 12 ACs for men and in 4 ACs (Andalusia, Canary Islands, Catalonia and Madrid) for women, although to different degrees. For men, ASMR remained stable in Castilla-León and La Rioja (<75 years), Cantabria, Castilla-La Mancha and Valencia (≥75 years) and the 2 Castilian regions (all ages). For women, ASMR also decreased in Valencia (<75 and ≥75), Castilla-León (≥75), Galicia (≥75 and all ages) and Navarre (<75 and all ages). CONCLUSION Our results reveal significant variations in trends by AC, sex and age group, emphasizing the need for continued follow-up and targeted interventions to further reduce bladder cancer mortality rates in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cayuela
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, España
| | - R Medina-López
- Servicio de Urología y Nefrología, Unidad de Uro-oncología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España; Unidad de Salud Pública, Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Área de Gestión Sanitaria Sur de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
| | - G Lendínez-Cano
- Servicio de Urología y Nefrología, Unidad de Uro-oncología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España
| | - A Cayuela
- Unidad de Salud Pública, Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Área de Gestión Sanitaria Sur de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Sevilla, España.
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8
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Abdel-Hafiz HA, Kailasam Mani SK, Huang W, Gouin KH, Chang Y, Xiao T, Ma Q, Li Z, Knott SR, Theodorescu D. Single-cell profiling of murine bladder cancer identifies sex-specific transcriptional signatures with prognostic relevance. iScience 2023; 26:107703. [PMID: 37701814 PMCID: PMC10494466 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BLCA) is more common in men but more aggressive in women. Sex-based differences in cancer biology are commonly studied using a murine model with BLCA generated by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN). While tumors in the BBN model have been profiled, these profiles provide limited information on the tumor microenvironment. Here, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize cell-type specific transcriptional differences between male and female BBN-induced tumors. We found proportional and gene expression differences in epithelial and non-epithelial subpopulations between male and female tumors. Expression of several genes predicted sex-specific survival in several human BLCA datasets. We identified novel and clinically relevant sex-specific transcriptional signatures including immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and it validated the relevance of the BBN model for studying sex differences in human BLCA. This work highlights the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in the development of new and accurate cancer markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany A. Abdel-Hafiz
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Wesley Huang
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth H. Gouin
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuzhou Chang
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – The James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tong Xiao
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – The James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Qin Ma
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – The James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – The James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Simon R.V. Knott
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Song Y, Qin C, Zhang C, Peng Y, Yang W, Du Y, Xu T. GNRH family genes contributed to gender-specific disparity of bladder cancer prognosis through exerting opposite regulatory roles between males and females. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:6827-6840. [PMID: 36806614 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is gender-specific disparity in bladder cancer (BlCa) prognosis. Female BlCa patients present with more advanced tumor and have higher risks of disease recurrence, progression, and mortality than males. Since gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH) family genes were critical genes in gender-related biological activity and could be detected in BlCa specimens, this study aimed to explore potential roles of GNRH1 and GNRHR in gender disparity of BlCa. METHODS RNA-sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma dataset, IMvigor210 immunotherapy cohort and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database were used to compare potential roles of GNRH1 and GNRHR in males and females, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis was used to analyze the biological functions. RESULTS Males with higher GNRH1 and GNRHR have better overall survival (P < 0.05, HR < 1), while females with higher expression have a trend toward worse overall survival (P < 0.05, HR > 1). Gene set enrichment analysis identified GNRH1 and GNRHR exert opposite regulatory roles in myogenesis (M5909), interferon-α response (M5911), interferon-γ response (M5913), inflammatory response (M5932) and TNF-α signaling via NF-κβ (M5890) between males and females. The five functions are up-regulated in females (NES > 0), while down-regulated in males (NES < 0). GNRH1 in females was positively correlated with CD3D (R-value > 0 and P < 0.05), while GNRHR in males was negatively correlated with CD247, CD3D and CD3E (R-value < 0 and P < 0.05). CONCLUSION GNRH1 and GNRHR have opposite effects on overall survival in different genders, and exert opposite roles in immune-related functions between different genders, which could emerge as a contributor to gender disparity of BlCa prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Song
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Caipeng Qin
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yiqing Du
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.
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10
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Kannan D, Sekaran PG, Sankaran S, Taur P, J SP, Paul R, Thangarasu M, Jain N. The Impact of En-bloc Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour on Clinical, Pathological and Oncological Outcomes: A Cohort Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e42523. [PMID: 37637640 PMCID: PMC10457497 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background En-bloc transurethral resection of bladder tissue (ETURBT) has recently been proposed as a good alternative technique to trans-urethral resection of bladder tissue (TURBT) in terms of outcomes for bladder carcinoma. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the technique in terms of clinical, pathological and oncological outcomes. Methodology In this prospective study, data was collected from patients who underwent ETURBT for bladder space-occupying lesions between June 2021 and June 2022. Demographic characteristics, tumour characteristics, and postoperative outcomes were recorded. Results A total of 52 patients were studied with the majority being male and a mean age of 50.87 years. Smoking was recorded in 22 (38.5%) patients and 8 (15.4%) were on antiplatelet therapy. The majority fell in the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class I (59.6%). Most of the tumours were solitary (90.4%), primary (82.8%), papillary architecture (73.1%), and between 1-3 cm in size. The lateral wall was the most common position, and detrusor muscle was seen in 98.1% of the specimens. T1 stage (57.7%) and low grade (67.3%) were the common characteristics noted. 76.9% of the ETURBT was conducted using monopolar cautery. Recurrence was noted in 3 (5.8%) and bladder perforation in 1 patient (1.9%). Cautery artifact was seen in six patients (11.5%) and obturator jerk in nine patients (17.3%). Conclusion Our study suggests that ETURBT is a technique with a good success rate for bladder tumours less than 3 cm in size. The benefits include high chances of detrusor sampling while minimising crush artefacts and cautery damage. Specimen retrieval was challenging when the bladder tumour was solid and over 2 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Praveen G Sekaran
- General Surgery, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Sindhu Sankaran
- Urology, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, IND
- Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Services (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge, GBR
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11
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Schneidewind L, Kiss B, Zengerling F, Borkowetz A, Graf S, Kranz J, Dräger DL, Graser A, Bellut L, Uhlig A. Gender-specific outcomes in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04788-x. [PMID: 37079051 PMCID: PMC10374671 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04788-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze gender-specific differences in survival parameters in advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibition. METHODS The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate gender-specific differences in disease-free (DFS), progression-free (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR). The sources MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library were systematically searched from January 2010 to June 2022. No restrictions were made concerning language, study region or publication type. A comparison of gender-specific differences in survival parameters was performed using a random-effects meta-analysis. A risk of bias assessment was done using the ROBINS-I tool. RESULTS Five studies were included. In a random-effect meta-analysis of the studies, PCD4989g and IMvigor 211 with both using atezolizumab, females were more likely to have better objective response rate (ORR) than men (OR 2.24; 95% CI 1.20-4.16; p = 0.0110). In addition, females had a comparable median OS to men (MD 1.16; 95% CI - 3.15-5.46; p = 0.598). In summary, comparing all results, a tendency was seen toward better response rates and survival parameters in female patients. The risk of bias assessment yielded an overall low risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS There is a tendency toward better outcomes in women for immunotherapy in advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer, but only for the antibody atezolizumab women have a significantly better ORR. Unfortunately, many studies fail to report gender-specific outcomes. Therefore, further research is essential when aiming for individualized medicine. This research should address immunological confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Schneidewind
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18055, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Kiss
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sebastian Graf
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Kepler University Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Jennifer Kranz
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Martin Luther University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Desiree L Dräger
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Annabel Graser
- Department of Urology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Bellut
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annemarie Uhlig
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Obesity and main urologic cancers: Current systematic evidence, novel biological mechanisms, perspectives and challenges. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 91:70-98. [PMID: 36893965 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Urologic cancers (UC) account for 13.1% of all new cancer cases and 7.9% of all cancer-related deaths. A growing body of evidence has indicated a potential causal link between obesity and UC. The aim of the present review is to appraise in a critical and integrative manner evidence from meta-analyses and mechanistic studies on the role of obesity in four prevalent UC (kidney-KC, prostate-PC, urinary bladder-UBC, and testicular cancer-TC). Special emphasis is given on Mendelian Randomization Studies (MRS) corroborating a genetic causal association between obesity and UC, as well as on the role of classical and novel adipocytokines. Furthermore, the molecular pathways that link obesity to the development and progression of these cancers are reviewed. Available evidence indicates that obesity confers increased risk for KC, UBC, and advanced PC (20-82%, 10-19%, and 6-14%, respectively), whereas for TC adult height (5-cm increase) may increase the risk by 13%. Obese females tend to be more susceptible to UBC and KC than obese males. MRS have shown that a higher genetic-predicted BMI may be causally linked to KC and UBC but not PC and TC. Biological mechanisms that are involved in the association between excess body weight and UC include the Insulin-like Growth Factor axis, altered availability of sex hormones, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, abnormal secretion of adipocytokines, ectopic fat deposition, dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal and urinary tract microbiomes and circadian rhythm dysregulation. Anti-hyperglycemic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, statins, and adipokine receptor agonists/antagonists show potential as adjuvant cancer therapies. Identifying obesity as a modifiable risk factor for UC may have significant public health implications, allowing clinicians to tailor individualized prevention strategies for patients with excess body weight.
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DeWitt-Foy ME, Anele UA, Accioly JPE, Sharpe MG, Michael P, Angermeier KW. Cancer risk in bladder diverticula: a large institutional analysis of risk and management. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:541-546. [PMID: 36525224 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bladder diverticula (BD) are usually asymptomatic, but may increase the risk of infections, stones, or malignancy, likely due to urinary stasis within the BD. We aim to characterize the risk of bladder cancer (BC) within diverticula. METHODS Retrospective review was conducted of patients diagnosed with BD between 1994 and 2021 at a single institution. Cancer risk was characterized using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression as appropriate. RESULTS We identified 764 patients with mean age 68 years, the majority of whom were male (87%) and Caucasian (86%). Of this total, 13.3% (102/764) had a diagnosis of BC and 35.3% of this subset (36/102) had definitive cancer within the BD. Diverticulectomy or partial cystectomy was performed in 13.6% (104/764), 76% of whom were preoperatively presumed to have benign disease. Surgical patients were younger and had larger BD. Of the 79 patients who underwent diverticulectomy without preoperative suspicion for cancer, 5 were incidentally diagnosed with BC on final pathology. On multivariable logistic regression, male gender [odds ratio (OR) = 2.6, p = 0.03] and increasing age (OR = 1.02, p = 0.03) were independent risk factors for BC diagnosis. Indwelling catheter, recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), and bladder stones did not affect the risk of BC. CONCLUSIONS The majority of patients with BD are not managed with surgery. BC is identified in a small but considerable proportion of patients with BD, with an even lower rate of incidentally diagnosed cancer among those undergoing BD surgery. Male gender and increasing age increased the risk of BC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uzoma A Anele
- University of Louisville Health, Louisville, KY, USA
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14
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Androgen receptor-dependent regulation of metabolism in high grade bladder cancer cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1762. [PMID: 36720985 PMCID: PMC9889754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The observed sex disparity in bladder cancer (BlCa) argues that androgen receptor (AR) signaling has a role in these malignancies. BlCas express full-length AR (FL-AR), constitutively active AR splice variants, including AR-v19, or both, and their depletion limits BlCa viability. However, the mechanistic basis of AR-dependence is unknown. Here, we depleted FL-AR, AR-v19, or all AR forms (T-AR), and performed RNA-seq studies to uncover that different AR forms govern distinct but partially overlapping transcriptional programs. Overlapping alterations include a decrease in mTOR and an increase of hypoxia regulated transcripts accompanied by a decline in oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Queries of BlCa databases revealed a significant negative correlation between AR expression and multiple hypoxia-associated transcripts arguing that this regulatory mechanism is a feature of high-grade malignancies. Our analysis of a 1600-compound library identified niclosamide as a strong ATPase inhibitor that reduces OCR in BlCa cells, decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in a dose and time dependent manner. These results suggest that BlCa cells hijack AR signaling to enhance metabolic activity, promoting cell proliferation and survival; hence targeting this AR downstream vulnerability presents an attractive strategy to limit BlCa.
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15
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Yacouba A, Tidjani Alou M, Lagier JC, Dubourg G, Raoult D. Urinary microbiota and bladder cancer: A systematic review and a focus on uropathogens. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:875-884. [PMID: 34979272 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The higher incidence of bladder cancer in men has long been attributed to environmental factors, including smoking. The fact that the sex ratio of bladder cancer remains consistently weighted toward men despite the remarkable increase in the prevalence of smoking among women suggests that other risk factors influence the incidence rates of bladder cancer. These factors may include the urinary microbiota. In this study, we provide a review of recent literature regarding the association between bladder cancer and changes in the urinary microbiota, with a focus on the potential role of uropathogens in the microbiota and sex in bladder cancer. Four databases were systematically searched up to 31 March 2021 to identify human case-controlled studies that evaluated the relationship between urinary microbiota and bladder cancer. We combined bacterial taxa that were significantly higher or lower in the bladder cancer group in each study in the urine (voided and catheterized) and tissue samples. Findings from sixteen eligible studies were analyzed. The total sample size of the included studies was 708 participants, including 449 (63.4 %) bladder cancer patients and 259 (36.6 %) participants in the control group. When considering only the taxa that have been reported in at least two different studies, we observed that with regards to neoplastic tissues, no increased taxa were reported, while Lactobacillus (2/5 of the studies on tissue samples) was increased in nonneoplastic-tissue compared to neoplastic-tissues at the genus level. In catheterized urine, Veillonella (2/3 of the studies on catheterized urine) was increased in bladder cancer patients compared to the control groups at the genus level. In voided urine, Acinetobacter, Actinomyces, Aeromonas, Anaerococcus, Pseudomonas, and Tepidomonas were increased in the bladder cancer patients, while Lactobacillus, Roseomonas, Veillonella were increased in the control groups. Regarding gender, the genus Actinotignum was increased in female participants while Streptococcus was increased in male participants at the genus level. Regarding potential uropathogens in the urinary microbiota, Escherichia-Shigella provided conflicting results, with both showing higher and lower levels in the bladder cancer groups. However, the family Enterobacteriaceae was lower in the bladder cancer groups than in the control groups. In conclusion, there is no consensus on what taxa of the urinary microbiota are associated with bladder cancer according to the sample type. Findings on the potential role of uropathogens in the urinary microbiota in bladder cancer remain inconsistent. Due to the limited number of studies, further studies on urinary microbiota and bladder cancer are needed to address this issue. Given that all publications concerning the urinary microbiota and bladder cancer have been performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we propose that polyphasic approaches, including culture-dependent techniques, may allow for a more comprehensive investigation of the urinary microbiota associated with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdourahamane Yacouba
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), AP-HM, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, France; Université Abdou Moumouni, Niamey, Niger
| | - Maryam Tidjani Alou
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), AP-HM, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Lagier
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Grégory Dubourg
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), AP-HM, Marseille, France.
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), AP-HM, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, France.
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16
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Gakis G, Weckermann D. [Gender-associated differences in bladder cancer]. UROLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 61:1060-1067. [PMID: 35980439 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-022-01914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although the incidence of bladder cancer among women is lower, they tend to more often have advanced disease at presentation with a more aggressive course. It is still unclear which factors are responsible for the poorer prognosis of bladder cancer in women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Original papers and reviews from 2004 until 2022 were identified in a PubMed search and evaluated. RESULTS Multiple factors are likely responsible for the different courses of bladder cancer in women versus men. In the literature, epidemiologic and clinical aspects are discussed. Furthermore, genetic and hormonal causes and the role of the urobiome have been the focus of discussion more recently. CONCLUSIONS Earlier diagnosis and better surgical treatment could lead to a more favorable course of bladder cancer in women. Further analyses of genetic, hormonal, und microbiological factors could open new perspectives in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Gakis
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - Dorothea Weckermann
- Klinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Deutschland.
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Duggan B, O’Rourke D, Anderson N, Reid CN, Watt J, O’Kane H, Boyd R, Curry D, Evans M, Stevenson M, Kurth MJ, Lamont JV, Fitzgerald P, Ruddock MW. Biomarkers to assess the risk of bladder cancer in patients presenting with haematuria are gender-specific. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1009014. [PMID: 36212463 PMCID: PMC9539269 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1009014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Haematuria is a common red flag symptom of urinary tract cancer. Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common cancer to present with haematuria. Women presenting with haematuria are often underdiagnosed. Currently, no gender-specific tests are utilized in clinical practice. Considerable healthcare resources are needed to investigate causes of haematuria and this study was set up to help identify markers of BC. The aim of the study was to define biomarker algorithms in haematuria patients using an expanded panel of biomarkers to diagnose BC and investigate if the algorithms are gender-specific. Materials and Methods A total of n=675 patients with a history of haematuria were recruited from Northern Ireland hospitals. Patients were collected on a 2:1 ratio, non-BC (control) n=474: BC n=201. A detailed clinical history, urine and blood samples were collected. Biomarkers, known to be involved in the pathobiology underlying bladder carcinogenesis were investigated. Biomarkers differentially expressed between groups were investigated using Wilcoxon rank sum and linear regression. Results Biomarkers were gender specific. Two biomarker-algorithms were identified to triage haematuria patients; male - u_NSE, s_PAI-1/tPA, u_midkine, u_NGAL, u_MMP-9/TIMP-1 and s_prolactin (u=urine; s=serum); sensitivity 71.8%, specificity 72.8%; AUROC 0.795; and female urine biomarkers - IL-12p70, IL-13, midkine and clusterin; sensitivity 83.7%, specificity 79.7%; AUROC 0.865. Addition of the clinical variable infection to both algorithms increased both AUROC to 0.822 (DeLong p=0.014) and to 0.923 (DeLong p=0.004) for males and females, respectively. Combining clinical risk factors with biomarker algorithms would enable application of the algorithms to triage haematuria patients. Conclusion Using gender-specific biomarker algorithms in combination with clinical risks that are associated with BC would allow clinicians to better manage haematuria patients and potentially reduce underdiagnosis in females. In this study, we demonstrate, for the first time, that blood and urine biomarkers are gender-specific when assessing risk of BC in patients who present with blood in their urine. Combining biomarker data with clinical factors could improve triage when referring patients for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Duggan
- South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust, Ulster Hospital Dundonald, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Declan O’Rourke
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Anderson
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Cherith N. Reid
- Randox Laboratories Ltd, Randox Science Park, Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Watt
- Randox Laboratories Ltd, Randox Science Park, Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh O’Kane
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Boyd
- Northern Ireland Clinical Trials Network, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - David Curry
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Evans
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Stevenson
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Jo Kurth
- Randox Laboratories Ltd, Randox Science Park, Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - John V. Lamont
- Randox Laboratories Ltd, Randox Science Park, Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Fitzgerald
- Randox Laboratories Ltd, Randox Science Park, Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W. Ruddock
- Randox Laboratories Ltd, Randox Science Park, Antrim, United Kingdom
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18
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Guo Y, Zheng Z, Zhang W, Mao S, Yang F, Li W, Yan Y, Yao X. Gender dimorphism in survival of patients with lymph node metastasis of bladder cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221108690. [PMID: 35782750 PMCID: PMC9244946 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221108690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effect of gender on the prognosis of bladder cancer (BCa) in different metastatic sites is insufficiently understood. We aimed to assess the impact and potential mechanisms of a combination of gender dimorphism and BCa metastasis sites on the risk of death. Methods: Independent predictors of overall survival and cancer-specific survival were analyzed after stratification by gender and metastasis sites from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Furthermore, gender-differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and function-enriched annotations for patients with lymph node metastasis (LNM) were identified from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. A gender-associated signature was constructed in TCGA and validated in the IMvigor210 trial, and the magnetic resonance imaging-based radiomics signature was developed in our center to predict the gender-associated signature. Results: In patients with metastatic BCa, the most common site of metastasis is bone in men and lung in women. Moreover, stratified by sex, LNM had a better prognosis in men than visceral metastasis, which was not observed in female. Similarly, stratified by the metastasis site, the prognosis of men in patients with LNM is better than that of women, which was not observed in visceral metastasis patients. Enrichment of DEGs between sexes in patients with LNM may be related to metastasis and tumor immunity, especially the role of neutrophils. Moreover, the gender-associated signature is related to the clinicopathological characteristics of patients, and patients in the high-risk group had worse survival outcomes, and higher susceptibility to cisplatin, docetaxel, camptothecin, and paclitaxel. A nomogram combined with the signature and clinical staging showed significant predictive power in survival prediction. Furthermore, patients with high radiomics scores had a strong tendency for high-risk group. Conclusion: These results may improve the understanding of the differences in tumor biology between sexes and thus provide additional evidence for individualized treatment in BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Guo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongtai Zheng
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangdong, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyu Mao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuhan Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Yanzhong Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Yang Yan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Yanzhong Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Yanzhong Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
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Tanabe S, Sugino S, Niiya K, Ichida K, Morishima S. A Case of Incidental Detection of Asymptomatic Bladder Cancer by Transvaginal Ultrasound. Cureus 2021; 13:e20451. [PMID: 34956801 PMCID: PMC8675591 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of an incidental diagnosis of early asymptomatic bladder cancer using transvaginal ultrasonography. The patient was a 68-year-old female without urinary symptoms. Transvaginal ultrasonography revealed a 2-cm papillary mass in the bladder mucosa. Urine cytology revealed the presence of atypical cells indicative of malignancy. Cystoscopy revealed a stalked papillary tumor at the apex of the posterior wall of the bladder. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed, and a 2-cm papillary tumor was resected. A pathological diagnosis of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer was made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Tanabe
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe City Medical Center West Hospital, Kobe, JPN
| | - Sachiyo Sugino
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe City Medical Center West Hospital, Kobe, JPN
| | - Kiyoshi Niiya
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe City Medical Center West Hospital, Kobe, JPN
| | - Kotaro Ichida
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe City Medical Center West Hospital, Kobe, JPN
| | - Syuji Morishima
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe City Medical Center West Hospital, Kobe, JPN
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Ishiyama Y, Kondo T, Ishihara H, Yoshida K, Iizuka J, Tanabe K, Takagi T. Association between Ureteral Clamping Time and Acute Kidney Injury during Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:4986-4997. [PMID: 34940057 PMCID: PMC8700330 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) is replacing open radical cystectomy (ORC) and requires clamping of the ureters, resulting in a predisposition to postrenal acute kidney injury (AKI). We investigated the association between ureteral clamping or its duration and acute/chronic postoperative kidney function. Patients who underwent radical cystectomy (robotic or open) at two tertiary institutions during 2002-2021 were retrospectively enrolled. In those who underwent RARC, the maximum postoperative percentage serum creatinine level (%sCre) change was plotted against ureteral clamping duration. They were divided into two groups using the median clamping time (210 min), and the maximum %sCre change and percentage estimated glomerular filtration rate (%eGFR) change at 3-6 months (chronic) were compared between the ORC (no clamp), RARC < 210, and RARC ≥ 210 groups. In 44 RARC patients, a weak correlation was observed between the duration of ureteral clamping and %Cre change (R2 = 0.22, p = 0.001). Baseline serum creatinine levels were comparable between the groups. However, %sCre change was significantly larger in the RARC ≥ 210 group (N = 17, +32.1%) than those in the RARC < 210 (N = 27, +6.1%) and ORC (N = 76, +9.5%) groups (both, p < 0.001). Chronic %eGFR change was comparable between the groups. Longer clamping of the ureter during RARC may precipitate AKI; therefore, the clamping duration should be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Ishiyama
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Medical Center East, 2-1-10 Nishiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 1168567, Japan; (Y.I.); (H.I.)
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 1620054, Japan; (K.Y.); (J.I.); (K.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Tsunenori Kondo
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Medical Center East, 2-1-10 Nishiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 1168567, Japan; (Y.I.); (H.I.)
| | - Hiroki Ishihara
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Medical Center East, 2-1-10 Nishiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 1168567, Japan; (Y.I.); (H.I.)
| | - Kazuhiko Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 1620054, Japan; (K.Y.); (J.I.); (K.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Junpei Iizuka
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 1620054, Japan; (K.Y.); (J.I.); (K.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Kazunari Tanabe
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 1620054, Japan; (K.Y.); (J.I.); (K.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Toshio Takagi
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 1620054, Japan; (K.Y.); (J.I.); (K.T.); (T.T.)
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21
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Lutz CT, Livas L, Presnell SR, Sexton M, Wang P. Gender Differences in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Effects of Natural Killer Lymphocyte Immunity. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10215163. [PMID: 34768683 PMCID: PMC8584838 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Men are more likely to develop cancer than women. In fact, male predominance is one of the most consistent cancer epidemiology findings. Additionally, men have a poorer prognosis and an increased risk of secondary malignancies compared to women. These differences have been investigated in order to better understand cancer and to better treat both men and women. In this review, we discuss factors that may cause this gender difference, focusing on urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) pathogenesis. We consider physiological factors that may cause higher male cancer rates, including differences in X chromosome gene expression. We discuss how androgens may promote bladder cancer development directly by stimulating bladder urothelium and indirectly by suppressing immunity. We are particularly interested in the role of natural killer (NK) cells in anti-cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles T. Lutz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (L.L.); (S.R.P.); (M.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lydia Livas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (L.L.); (S.R.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Steven R. Presnell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (L.L.); (S.R.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Morgan Sexton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (L.L.); (S.R.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Peng Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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22
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Ufuah S, Tallman JE, Moses KA. The Pursuit of Health Equity and Equality in Urologic Oncology: Where We Have Been and Where We Are Going. Eur Urol Focus 2021; 7:929-936. [PMID: 34556454 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Advances in urologic oncology have improved early detection, treatment options, and health outcomes; however, racial/ethnic minorities continue to experience disparities in cancer incidence and survival. Research evaluating the optimal methods for closing these disparity gaps is under-reported. OBJECTIVE To highlight critical disparities in equity and equality in urologic oncology and identify ways in which health care professionals can reduce these disparities among disproportionately affected groups through a health equity-focused framework. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A literature search was performed using EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed. Articles were included if they were published in English from 1980 to 2021 and addressed barriers and health care disparities in urologic cancer care in racial/ethnic minorities. The same search was conducted to look at barriers and disparities according to gender and to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, intersex, or asexual (LGBTQIA) identity, and among immigrant populations. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Racial/ethnic minorities in the USA are less likely to be screened for urologic cancers, are less likely to have an early diagnosis of cancer, and have a higher mortality rate than their white counterparts. In addition, major European and North American clinical trials lack proper representation of diverse populations, leading to a knowledge gap regarding effective methods for addressing cancer health disparities. CONCLUSIONS Continued medical advances have increased the efficacy of screening, diagnosis, and treatment of urologic cancers, but there remain significant well-documented disparities in the receipt of these advances among racial/ethnic minorities, women, LGBTQIA individuals, and immigrant populations. Multidisciplinary efforts are needed to address and ultimately eliminate these gaps. PATIENT SUMMARY We analyzed several studies to understand current disparities in cancer screening, diagnosis, and health outcomes across under-represented populations. We found that under-represented populations have worse outcomes than their white counterparts diagnosed with cancer. We conclude that the best way to address these disparities is through a multidisciplinary approach that involves engagement at the individual, community, research, and institutional levels to provide the best care possible to each individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ufuah
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Kelvin A Moses
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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23
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Aalami AH, Abdeahad H, Mesgari M, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Urinary Angiogenin as a Marker for Bladder Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5557309. [PMID: 33997007 PMCID: PMC8099530 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5557309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Bladder cancer (BCa) is a common cancer in North America and Europe that carries considerable morbidity and mortality. A reliable biomarker for early detection of the bladder is crucial for improving the prognosis of BCA. In this meta-analysis, we examine the diagnostic role of the angiogenin (ANG) protein in patients' urine with bladder neoplasm. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search using ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Embase, up to 10th October 2020 databases. Meta-Disc V.1.4 and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V.2.2 software calculated the pooled specificity, sensitivity, area under the curve (AUC), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), positive likelihood ratio (LR+), negative likelihood ratio (LR-), Q ∗ index, and summary receiver-operating characteristic (SROC) for the role of ANG as a urinary biomarker for BCa patients. RESULTS Four case-control studies were included with 656 participants (417 cases and 239 controls) in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.66-0.75), specificity of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.73-0.81), LR+ of 3.34 (95% CI: 2.02-5.53), LR- of 0.37 (95% CI: 0.32-0.44), DOR of 9.99 (95% CI: 4.69-21.28), and AUC of 0.789 and Q ∗ index of 0.726 demonstrate acceptable diagnostic precision of ANG in identifying BCa. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis showed that ANG could be a fair biomarker for the diagnosis of BCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Aalami
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Abdeahad
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Collogue of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mohammad Mesgari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, UK
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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24
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Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Needing a Second-Line Therapy: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123634. [PMID: 33291600 PMCID: PMC7761871 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) represents a clinical challenge. Progression or toxicity may occur during first-line treatments and many patients require a second-line option. Given the expanding options for second-line therapies clinicians are faced with the challenge to individualize treatment. We performed a systematic review in order to summarize available evidences about the clinicopathological profile of mRCC patients who receive a second-line therapy. We identified twenty-nine studies enrolling 7650 patients. Discontinuation of first-line therapy was due to progression in the majority of patients with 77.8% patients harboring ≥2 metastatic sites. Most patients had a good performance status, their age ranged from 55 to 70 years and their prognostic profile revealed a good or intermediate disease in most cases. Tailoring of second-line treatment strategies based on these features is strongly advocated. Abstract A high percentage of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) require a second-line option. We aimed to summarize available evidences about the clinicopathological profile of mRCC patients who receive a second-line therapy. A systematic review was performed in August 2020. We included papers that met the following criteria: original research; English language; human studies; enrolling mRCC patients entering a second-line therapy. Twenty-nine studies enrolling 7650 patients (73.5% male, mean age: 55 to 70 years) were included. Clear cell histology was reported in 74.4% to 100% of cases. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immunotherapy, bevacizumab, mTOR inhibitors, and chemotherapy were adopted as first line option in 68.5%, 29.2%, 2.9%, 0.6%, and 0.2% of patients, respectively. Discontinuation of first-line therapy was due to progression and toxicity in 18.4% to 100% and in 17% to 48.8% of patients, respectively. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score was 0 or 1 in most cases. Most prevalent prognostic categories according to the International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium and Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Centre score were intermediate and good. About 77.8% of patients harboured ≥2 metastatic sites. In conclusion, patients who enter a second-line therapy are heterogeneous in terms of a clinical-pathological profile. Tailoring of second-line treatment strategies is strongly advocated.
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25
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Mancini M, Righetto M, Baggio G. Gender-Related Approach to Kidney Cancer Management: Moving Forward. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3378. [PMID: 32397685 PMCID: PMC7246979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Men are more frequently diagnosed with kidney cancer than women, with a more aggressive histology, larger tumors, a higher grade and stage, and worse oncological outcomes. Smoking habits and sex steroid hormones seem to have a possible role in explaining these gender disparities. Moreover, the expression of genes involved in tumor growth and immune response in kidney cancer varies between men and women, having an impact on the gender-related response to oncological therapy, such as anti-angiogenic drugs and immunotherapy. Recent advances have been made in our understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms involved in kidney cancer, which could partially explain the gender differences, and they are summarized in this paper. However, other key mechanisms, which fully clarify the striking clinical gender-related differences observed in kidney cancer, are not completely understood at present. We reviewed and summarized the most relevant publications about the relationship between gender and kidney cancer. Efforts should be made to progress in bench and clinical research on gender-related signatures and disparities, and their impact on the clinical management of kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Mancini
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Urological Clinic, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Marialaura Righetto
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Urological Clinic, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Giovannella Baggio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy;
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26
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Fang W, Yang ZY, Chen TY, Shen XF, Zhang C. Ethnicity and survival in bladder cancer: a population-based study based on the SEER database. J Transl Med 2020; 18:145. [PMID: 32228610 PMCID: PMC7106682 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer is the most common cancer in the urinary system and the fourth most common cancer in males. This study aimed to examine differences in the survival of bladder cancer patients of different ethnicities. Method We used the SEER database to obtain data pertaining to bladder cancer patients from 2010 to 2015. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between ethnicity and death. Kaplan–Meier survival and nomogram analyses were used to compare survival differences among patients with different ethnicities. Results Among 101,364 bladder cancer patients, 90,910 were white, 5893 were black, 337 were American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN), and 4224 were Asian or Pacific Islander (API). Our multivariate analysis identified differences between different ethnicities. Compared to the API group, the AIAN (HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.09–1.57, P < 0.001), black (HR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.46–1.67, P < 0.001), and white (HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.12–1.25, P < 0.001) groups showed lower survival probabilities. Based on data from all Kaplan–Meier survival curves, there was no significant difference in survival between the black and AIAN groups, but the survival of these two races was worse than that of the white and API groups. We also used a nomogram to estimate patient survival and validated its predictive value. Conclusion Our results suggest that ethnic differences exist in patients with bladder cancer, that the survival of black and AIAN bladder cancer patients is worse than that of other ethnicities and that the survival of API patients is the best. The significant prognostic factors of overall survival, which include age, sex, ethnicity, summary stage, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, surgery type, and histologic type, should be applied to bladder cancer patient prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 32, South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Zhi-Yan Yang
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 32, South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Ting-Yu Chen
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 32, South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Xian-Feng Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 32, South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, China.
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27
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Adashek JJ, Leonard A, Roszik J, Menta AK, Genovese G, Subbiah V, Msaouel P. Cancer Genetics and Therapeutic Opportunities in Urologic Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030710. [PMID: 32197306 PMCID: PMC7140104 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aims to summarize the current literature on genetic alterations related to tumors of the genitourinary tract. Novel associations have recently been reported between specific DNA alterations and genitourinary malignancies. The most common cause of chromosome 3p loss in clear cell renal cell carcinoma is a chromothripsis event, which concurrently generates a chromosome 5q gain. Specific patterns of clear cell renal cell carcinoma metastatic evolution have been uncovered. The first therapy targeting a specific molecular alteration has now been approved for urothelial carcinoma. Germline mutations in DNA damage repair genes and the transcription factor HOXB13 are associated with prostate cancer and may be targeted therapeutically. The genetic associations noted across different genitourinary cancers can inform potential screening approaches and guide novel targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J. Adashek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33606, USA;
| | - Alex Leonard
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Jason Roszik
- Departments of Genomic Medicine and Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Arjun K. Menta
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (P.M.); Tel.: +1-713-563-1930 (V.S.); +1-713-563-4585 (P.M.); Fax: +1-713-792-0334 (V.S.); +1-713-745-0422 (P.M.)
| | - Pavlos Msaouel
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (P.M.); Tel.: +1-713-563-1930 (V.S.); +1-713-563-4585 (P.M.); Fax: +1-713-792-0334 (V.S.); +1-713-745-0422 (P.M.)
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