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Ashrafizadeh M, Aref AR, Sethi G, Ertas YN, Wang L. Natural product/diet-based regulation of macrophage polarization: Implications in treatment of inflammatory-related diseases and cancer. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 130:109647. [PMID: 38604457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages are phagocytic cells with important physiological functions, including the digestion of cellular debris, foreign substances, and microbes, as well as tissue development and homeostasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) shapes the aggressiveness of cancer, and the biological and cellular interactions in this complicated space can determine carcinogenesis. TME can determine the progression, biological behavior, and therapy resistance of human cancers. The macrophages are among the most abundant cells in the TME, and their functions and secretions can determine tumor progression. The education of macrophages to M2 polarization can accelerate cancer progression, and therefore, the re-education and reprogramming of these cells is promising. Moreover, macrophages can cause inflammation in aggravating pathological events, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and neurological disorders. The natural products are pleiotropic and broad-spectrum functional compounds that have been deployed as ideal alternatives to conventional drugs in the treatment of cancer. The biological and cellular interactions in the TME can be regulated by natural products, and for this purpose, they enhance the M1 polarization of macrophages, and in addition to inhibiting proliferation and invasion, they impair the chemoresistance. Moreover, since macrophages and changes in the molecular pathways in these cells can cause inflammation, the natural products impair the pro-inflammatory function of macrophages to prevent the pathogenesis and progression of diseases. Even a reduction in macrophage-mediated inflammation can prevent organ fibrosis. Therefore, natural product-mediated macrophage targeting can alleviate both cancerous and non-cancerous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye; ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye.
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Chi HC, Lin YH, Wu YH, Chang CC, Wu CH, Yeh CT, Hsieh CC, Lin KH. CCL16 is a pro-tumor chemokine that recruits monocytes and macrophages to promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:3600-3613. [PMID: 39113854 PMCID: PMC11301285 DOI: 10.62347/vctw6889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Intricate signaling cascades involving chemokines and their cognate receptors on neoplastic and immune constituents within tumor microenvironment have garnered substantial research interest. Our investigation delineates the contribution of Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 16 (CCL16) to the clinico-pathological features and tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Analysis of 237 pairs of HCC specimens unraveled a significant association between CCL16 expression and vascular invasion, early-stage clinicopathological features, and diminished recurrence-free survival among HCC patients. Immunohistochemical (IHC) assays of the clinical HCC specimens indicated elevated CCL16 in tumorous versus normal hepatic tissues. Our in vivo experiments demonstrated CCL16 overexpression fostered tumor proliferation, whereas in vitro assays elucidated that CCL16-mediated chemotactic recruitment of monocytes and M2 macrophages was orchestrated via CCR1 and CCR5. In contrast to previous claims that CCL16 is physiologically irrelevant and has minimal affinity for its receptors (CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, CCR8), our findings unravel that inhibition of CCL16/CCR1 and CCL16/CCR5 interactions through receptor-specific antagonists markedly impeded CCL16-directed chemotaxis, migration, adhesion, and leukocyte recruitment. Moreover, CCL16-overexpression in HCCs significantly augmented levels of several cytokines implicated in tumor progression, namely IL-6, IL-10 and VEGFA. IHC analysis of CCL16-overexpressing xenografts elicited greatly enhanced levels of VEGFA and IL-6, while assessments of HCC specimens confirmed a positive correlation between CCL16 expression and IL-6 and VEGFA levels. Collectively, our study highlights oncogenic role of CCL16 in hepatocarcinogenesis and provides a foundational basis for novel therapeutic interventions targeting the CCL16/CCR1/CCR5 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Cheng Chi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hsiang Lin
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalLinkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Harn Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChiayi 613016, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Heng Wu
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalLinkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalLinkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chuan Hsieh
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChiayi 613016, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalLinkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and TechnologyTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Koustenis K, Dovrolis N, Viazis N, Ioannou A, Bamias G, Karamanolis G, Gazouli M. Insights into Therapeutic Response Prediction for Ustekinumab in Ulcerative Colitis Using an Ensemble Bioinformatics Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5532. [PMID: 38791570 PMCID: PMC11122545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Optimizing treatment with biological agents is an ideal goal for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Recent data suggest that mucosal inflammation patterns and serum cytokine profiles differ between patients who respond and those who do not. Ustekinumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the p40 subunit of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23, has shown promise, but predicting treatment response remains a challenge. We aimed to identify prognostic markers of response to ustekinumab in patients with active UC, utilizing information from their mucosal transcriptome. METHODS We performed a prospective observational study of 36 UC patients initiating treatment with ustekinumab. Colonic mucosal biopsies were obtained before treatment initiation for a gene expression analysis using a microarray panel of 84 inflammatory genes. A differential gene expression analysis (DGEA), correlation analysis, and network centrality analysis on co-expression networks were performed to identify potential biomarkers. Additionally, machine learning (ML) models were employed to predict treatment response based on gene expression data. RESULTS Seven genes, including BCL6, CXCL5, and FASLG, were significantly upregulated, while IL23A and IL23R were downregulated in non-responders compared to responders. The co-expression analysis revealed distinct patterns between responders and non-responders, with key genes like BCL6 and CRP highlighted in responders and CCL11 and CCL22 in non-responders. The ML algorithms demonstrated a high predictive power, emphasizing the significance of the IL23R, IL23A, and BCL6 genes. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies potential biomarkers associated with ustekinumab response in UC patients, shedding light on its underlying mechanisms and variability in treatment outcomes. Integrating transcriptomic approaches, including gene expression analyses and ML, offers valuable insights for personalized treatment strategies and highlights avenues for further research to enhance therapeutic outcomes for patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanellos Koustenis
- Gastroenterology Department, Evangelismos-Polykliniki General Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (N.V.)
| | - Nikolas Dovrolis
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Michalakopoulou 176, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikos Viazis
- Gastroenterology Department, Evangelismos-Polykliniki General Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (N.V.)
| | | | - Giorgos Bamias
- GI-Unit, 3rd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - George Karamanolis
- Gastroenterology Unit, Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Michalakopoulou 176, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
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Goetz C, Hammerbeck C, Boss K, Peterson R, Bonnevier J. Phenotyping of M1 and M2a Macrophages and Differential Expression of ACE-2 on Monocytes by Flow Cytometry: Impact of Cell Culture Conditions and Sample Processing. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2593:197-212. [PMID: 36513932 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2811-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are ubiquitously distributed throughout the various tissues of the body and perform many functions including the orchestration of inflammatory responses against pathogens by classically activated M1 macrophages and the regulation of wound healing and tissue remodeling by anti-inflammatory, alternatively activated M2 macrophages. The responsibility for these pleiotropic functions lies in the expression of a myriad of surface receptors unique to given subsets of macrophages. Much of what we know about the function of human macrophage subsets has been gleaned by studying in vitro generated macrophages matured in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF and polarized with different cytokines. Oftentimes, culture conditions, such as the type of serum used, the duration of the culture, and the use of polarizing cytokines, vary between studies making direct comparisons difficult. Sample preparation and processing (e.g., Ficoll® enrichment of leukocytes from whole blood) can also influence gene expression on human monocytes. Furthermore, overlap in surface marker expression can make it difficult to distinguish between different macrophage subsets.We directly compared the expression of over 20 different surface markers on M1 and M2a macrophages cultured in either serum-free media or in the presence of fetal bovine serum or human AB serum and found that the presence or type of serum used affected the expression of several markers such as CD200R1 and CD32. Moreover, we compared the expression of these surface markers on polarized and unpolarized macrophages and determined that polarization was critical to the expression of several of these markers including CD38 and SLAM F7. Differences in sample processing can alter the expression of surface markers, such as ACE-2, on monocytes. We observe that ACE-2 expression is higher on human whole blood CD14+ monocytes versus Ficoll®-enriched CD14+ monocytes derived from PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells), where expression can be reduced by up to 50%. These results indicate that differences in serum, culture media, and sample processing can alter gene expression in both human macrophages and monocytes. Importantly, the results of these studies significantly expand our knowledge of the phenotypic differences between human M1 and M2a macrophages and demonstrate the importance of culture conditions in generating these phenotypes.
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Chen RY, Yen CJ, Lin YJ, Wang JM, Tasi TF, Huang YC, Liu YW, Tsai HW, Lee MH, Hung LY. CPAP enhances and maintains chronic inflammation in hepatocytes to promote hepatocarcinogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:983. [PMID: 34686650 PMCID: PMC8536685 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic and persistent inflammation is a well-known carcinogenesis promoter. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common inflammation-associated cancers; most HCCs arise in the setting of chronic inflammation and hepatic injury. Both NF-κB and STAT3 are important regulators of inflammation. Centrosomal P4.1-associated protein (CPAP), a centrosomal protein that participates primarily in centrosome functions, is overexpressed in HCC and can increase TNF-α-mediated NF-κB activation and IL-6-induced STAT3 activation. A transgenic (Tg) mouse model with hepatocyte-specific CPAP expression was established to investigate the physiological role of CPAP in hepatocarcinogenesis. Obvious inflammatory cell accumulation and fatty change were observed in the livers of CPAP Tg mice. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level and the expression levels of inflammatory genes, such as IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, were higher in CPAP Tg mice than in wild type (WT) mice. High-dose/short-term treatment with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) increased the ALT level, proinflammatory gene expression levels, and STAT3 and NF-κB activation in CPAP Tg mice; low-dose/long-term DEN treatment induced more severe liver tumor formation in CPAP Tg mice than in WT mice. CPAP can increase the expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 16 (CCL-16), an important chemotactic cytokine, in human hepatocytes. CCL-16 expression is positively correlated with CPAP and TNF-α mRNA expression in the peritumoral part of HCC. In summary, these results suggest that CPAP may promote hepatocarcinogenesis through enhancing the inflammation pathway via increasing the expression of CCL-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Yu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Yih-Jyh Lin
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Ming Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fen Tasi
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Wen Liu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hao Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yi Hung
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Xu J, Li H, Lv Y, Zhang C, Chen Y, Yu D. Silencing XIST mitigated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory injury in human lung fibroblast WI-38 cells through modulating miR-30b-5p/CCL16 axis and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:108-127. [PMID: 33817304 PMCID: PMC7988359 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence shows that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has been a novel insight in various diseases, including pneumonia. Even though lncRNA X-inactive-specific transcript (XIST) is well studied, its role in pneumonia remains to be largely unrevealed. Methods Expression of XIST, miRNA-30b-5p (miR-30b-5p), and CC chemokine ligand 16 (CCL16) was detected using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting; their interaction was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Apoptosis, inflammation, and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signaling pathway were measured using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, flow cytometry, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation decreased cell viability and B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 expression, and increased cell apoptosis rate and expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), cleaved-caspase-3, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in WI-38 cells. Expression of XIST and CCL16 was upregulated in the serum of patients with pneumonia and LPS-induced WI-38 cells, respectively; silencing XIST and CCL16 could suppress LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammation in WI-38 cells, and this protection was abolished by miR-30b-5p downregulation. Moreover, XIST and CCL16 could physically bind to miR-30b-5p, and XIST regulated CCL16 expression via sponging miR-30b-5p. TLR4 and phosphorylated P65 (p-P65) and p-IκB-α were highly induced by LPS treatment, and this upregulation was diminished by blocking XIST, accompanied with CCL16 downregulation and miR-30b-5p upregulation. Conclusions Silencing XIST could alleviate LPS-induced inflammatory injury in human lung fibroblast WI-38 cells through modulating miR-30b-5p/CCL16 axis and inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 60 Hengfu Road, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Honggui Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guangdong Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiting Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dezhao Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 60 Hengfu Road, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Shen W, Zhang X, Tang J, Zhang Z, Du R, Luo D, Liu X, Xia Y, Li Y, Wang S, Yan S, Yang W, Xiang R, Luo N, Luo Y, Li J. CCL16 maintains stem cell-like properties in breast cancer by activating CCR2/GSK3β/β-catenin/OCT4 axis. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2297-2317. [PMID: 33500726 PMCID: PMC7797668 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Considerable evidence suggests that breast cancer metastasis and recurrence occur due to emergence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). In our previous study, we designed a high-throughput siRNA screening platform that identifies inflammation genes involved in the regulation of cancer cell stemness. We reported that CCL16 protein decreases OCT4 expression and reduces the ALDH+ subpopulation. However, the mechanism by which CCL16 maintains stem cell-like properties remains unclear. Methods: Tissue microarrays were used to evaluate CCL16 expression. Cancer stemness assays were performed in CCL16 knockdown and overexpressing cells in vitro and in a xenograft model in vivo. Human phosphokinase array, immunofluorescence and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to explore the underlying mechanism. Results: We report that CCL16 was overexpressed in breast tumors and significantly correlated with clinical progression. We found that silencing CCL16 in MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells diminished CSC properties including ALDH+ subpopulation, side population, chemo-resistance, and sphere formation. Furthermore, mice bearing CCL16-silenced MDA-MB-231 xenografts had lower tumorigenic frequency and developed smaller tumors. Exploration of the underlying mechanism found that CCL16 selects CCR2 to activate p-AKT/GSK3β signaling and facilitate β-catenin nuclear translocation. Further, CCL16 binds to the OCT4 promoter and promotes OCT4 expression. In addition, shRNAs targeting CCR2 and XAV939 targeting β-catenin abolished CCL16-mediated cancer stemness. Upstream, IL10 mediates STAT3 activation, which binds to the CCL16 promoter and enhances its expression. The STAT3-targeted inhibitor Stattic suppressed CCL16 expression in vitro and restrained tumor progression in vivo. Conclusions: We identified a potential CSC regulator and suggest a novel mechanism for how CCL16 governs cancer cell stemness. We propose that CCL16 could be an effective target for breast cancer therapy.
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Guo J, Cheng Y. RETRACTED: MicroRNA-1247 inhibits lipopolysaccharides-induced acute pneumonia in A549 cells via targeting CC chemokine ligand 16. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:60-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Role of Human Macrophage Polarization in Inflammation during Infectious Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061801. [PMID: 29921749 PMCID: PMC6032107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 799] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental models have often been at the origin of immunological paradigms such as the M1/M2 dichotomy following macrophage polarization. However, this clear dichotomy in animal models is not as obvious in humans, and the separating line between M1-like and M2-like macrophages is rather represented by a continuum, where boundaries are still unclear. Indeed, human infectious diseases, are characterized by either a back and forth or often a mixed profile between the pro-inflammatory microenvironment (dominated by interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α cytokines) and tissue injury driven by classically activated macrophages (M1-like) and wound healing driven by alternatively activated macrophages (M2-like) in an anti-inflammatory environment (dominated by IL-10, Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, chemokine ligand (CCL)1, CCL2, CCL17, CCL18, and CCL22). This review brews the complexity of the situation during infectious diseases by stressing on this continuum between M1-like and M2-like extremes. We first discuss the basic biology of macrophage polarization, function, and role in the inflammatory process and its resolution. Secondly, we discuss the relevance of the macrophage polarization continuum during infectious and neglected diseases, and the possibility to interfere with such activation states as a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of such diseases.
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Castellani ML, Petrarca C, Frydas S, Conti CM, Salini V, Conti P, Shanmugham LN. Rat Basophilic Leukemia Cells (RBL-2H3) Generate Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) after Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) activation. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 21:211-7. [PMID: 17177158 DOI: 10.1177/172460080602100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that local neurogenic inflammation, possibly in response to different stimuli, may be involved in sensory nerve sensitization, migraine generation and some other precipitating events leading to neuronal dysfunction in the brain. In addition, mast cells generate eicosanoids that are linked to asthma and other inflammatory diseases. Regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) is a small protein and a prototype member of the CC chemokine-beta subfamily with chemoattractant and inflammatory properties. In this study we used the RBL-2H3 cell line to determine whether or not these cells generate prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) after treatment with RANTES. After 4 hours of incubation, RBL-2H3 cells cultured with RANTES at 20 ng/mL released large amounts of PGD2 in a dose-response manner compared to control. Moreover, RBL-treated RANTES generated a large quantity of histamine. Our study confirms once again the proinflammatory action of RANTES, in this case acting on the stimulation of the arachidonic acid cascade product PGD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Castellani
- Department of Medicine and Aging, Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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Park JH, Jeong DY, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Eisenhut M, Shin JI. Insight into the role of TSLP in inflammatory bowel diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 16:55-63. [PMID: 27697608 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines are thought to modulate pathogeneses of various inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which has been studied in various allergic diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis (AD) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), has been less considered to be involved in IBDs. However, mucosal dendritic cells (DCs) induced by various cytokines including TSLP were reported to cause polarization of T cell toward Th2 response, the differentiation of regulatory T-cell (Treg), and secretion of IgA by B cells. In this review, we discuss the concept that decreased TSLP has the potential to accelerate the development of Th1 response dominant diseases such as the Crohn's disease (CD) while increased TSLP has the potential to lead to a development of Th2 cell dominant diseases such the ulcerative colitis (UC). To examine TSLP's role as a potential determining factor for differentiating UC and CD, we analyzed the effects of other genes regulated by TSLP in regards to the UC and CD pathogeneses using data from online open access resources such as NetPath, GeneMania, and the String database. Our findings indicate that TSLP is a key mediator in the pathogenesis of IBDs and that further studies are needed to evaluate its role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Inserm U954 and Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy University Hospital, Université de Lorraine, France
| | - Michael Eisenhut
- Luton & Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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12
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Frydas S, Papaioannou N, Papazahariadou M, Hatzistilianou M, Karagouni E, Trakatelli M, Brellou G, Petrarca C, Castellani ML, Conti P, Riccioni G, Patruno A, Grilli A. Inhibition of MCP-1 and MIP-2 Chemokines in Murine Trichinellosis: Effect of the Anti-Inflammatory Compound L-Mimosine. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 18:85-94. [PMID: 15698514 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mimosine, is a plant amino-acid which has been reported to block DNA replication in mammalian cells and to arrest cells reversibly towards the end of the G1 phase or at the beginning of the S phase. In this study, 42 mice were infected with T. spiralis, a nematode parasite, and treated with the anti-inflammatory compound L-mimosine, to determine if any alteration in the chronic inflammatory state occurred, by investigating the host's immunological response. MCP-1, a C-C chemokine and MIP-2, a C-X-C chemokine were tested and measured in the sera of infected animals, after 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days postinfection, by ELISA method. The diaphragm/muscle and the masseters of the infected mice, were tested for inflammatory response. We found that MCP-1 was partially inhibited by L-mimosine, while MIP-2 was totally inhibited. Moreover, in sections of the diaphragm and masseters, the infiltration of inflammatory cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes and eosinophils were more intense in untreated animals compared to those treated with L-mimosine. These findings show, that L-mimosine may have an inhibitory effect on MCP-1 and MIP-2 serum levels in Trichinellosis and may influence the recruitment of inflammatory cells and the intensity of the inflammatory reaction in this parasitic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Frydas
- Parasitology Dept. Veterinary Faculty, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
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13
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Di Giannantonio M, Frydas S, Kempuraj D, Karagouni E, Hatzistilianou M, Conti CM, Boucher W, Papadopoulou N, Donelan J, Cao J, Madhappan B, Boscolo P, Petrarca C, Castellani L, Quartesan L, Doyle R, Ferro FM. Cytokines in Stress. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 18:1-5. [PMID: 15698505 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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14
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Cassano N, Loconsole F, Amoruso A, Coviello C, Filieri M, Filotico R, Del Vecchio S, Vena GA. Infliximab Monotherapy for Refractory Psoriasis: Preliminary Results. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 17:373-80. [PMID: 15461871 DOI: 10.1177/039463200401700317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha plays an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Infliximab is an anti-TNF-alpha chimeric monoclonal antibody, which is licensed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. Some reports have shown the efficacy of infliximab, either in monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate, for the treatment of psoriatic arthropathy and psoriasis. The efficacy and tolerability of infliximab monotherapy was evaluated in 29 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis, unresponsive to conventional treatments. Fourteen patients suffered from concomitant arthropathy. Patients received intravenous infliximab, 5mg/kg, at weeks 0, 2, and 6. After this 3-dose-induction regimen, patients were followed-up at monthly intervals and retreated with a single-dose infusion in case of relapse of signs and symptoms. Clinical assessment was performed using the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) to monitor psoriasis activity; pruritus and joint pain were assessed on a scale of 0 to 3. A marked improvement of skin lesions and subjective symptoms was noted in the majority of patients; an excellent reduction of PASI score (⩾75%) was observed in 13.8% of cases at week 2, 71.4% at week 6 and 78.6% at week 10. During the follow-up period, some patients maintained satisfactory clinical results without requiring any additional infusions. In general, skin lesions showed a trend towards a more prolonged and sustained improvement as compared with subjective symptoms. Treatment was well tolerated and no serious adverse events occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cassano
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolato, I.D.I, I.R.C.C.S., Rome, Italy
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15
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Frydas S, Karagouni E, Hatzistilianou M, Kempuraj D, Comani S, Petrarca C, Iezzi T, Verna N, Conti P, Castellani ML. Cytokines and Allergic Disorders: Revisited Study. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 17:233-5. [PMID: 15461856 DOI: 10.1177/039463200401700302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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16
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DEL VALLE-PINERO AY, MARTINO AC, TAYLOR TJ, MAJORS BL, PATEL NS, HEITKEMPER MM, HENDERSON WA. Pro-inflammatory chemokine C-C motif ligand 16 (CCL-16) dysregulation in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): a pilot study. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 23:1092-7. [PMID: 21951809 PMCID: PMC3557463 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01792.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a serious health problem that affects an estimated 10-15% of people worldwide and has economic consequences in the United States of over $30 billion annually. In the US, IBS affects all races and both sexes, with more females than males (2:1) reporting symptoms consistent with IBS. Although the etiology of this functional gastrointestinal disorder is unknown, literature suggests that a subclinical inflammatory component has a role in the etiologic mechanisms underlying IBS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gene expression of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with and without IBS and among different IBS phenotypes. METHODS Irritable bowel syndrome patients (n=12) that met Rome III Criteria for IBS longer than 6months were compared with healthy matched controls (n=12). Peripheral whole blood from fasting participants was collected and RNA was extracted. The expression of 96 inflammatory genes was then analyzed using a custom quantitative real-time PCR array. KEY RESULTS CCL-16 gene expression was upregulated by 7.46-fold in IBS patients when compared with controls. CCL-16 was overexpressed by over 130-fold in IBS-constipation patients when compared with both controls and IBS-diarrhea patients. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES These results further suggest a subclinical inflammatory component underlying IBS. To better understand the phenotypic differences in IBS it is important to broaden the study of these inflammatory and other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Y. DEL VALLE-PINERO
- Biobehavioral Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A. C. MARTINO
- Biobehavioral Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T. J. TAYLOR
- Biobehavioral Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B. L. MAJORS
- Biobehavioral Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N. S. PATEL
- Biobehavioral Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M. M. HEITKEMPER
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W. A. HENDERSON
- Biobehavioral Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
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17
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Cappello P, Fraone T, Barberis L, Costa C, Hirsch E, Elia AR, Caorsi C, Musso T, Novelli F, Giovarelli M. CC-Chemokine Ligand 16 Induces a Novel Maturation Program in Human Immature Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:6143-51. [PMID: 17056542 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.9.6143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are indispensable for initiation of primary T cell responses and a host's defense against infection. Many proinflammatory stimuli induce DCs to mature (mDCs), but little is known about the ability of chemokines to modulate their maturation. In the present study, we report that CCL16 is a potent maturation factor for monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) through differential use of its four receptors and an indirect regulator of Th cell differentiation. MoDCs induced to mature by CCL16 are characterized by increased expression of CD80 and CD86, MHC class II molecules, and ex novo expression of CD83 and CCR7. They produce many chemokines to attract monocytes and T cells and are also strong stimulators in activating allogeneic T cells to skew toward Th1 differentiation. Interestingly, they are still able to take up Ag and express chemokine receptors usually bound by inflammatory ligands and can be induced to migrate to different sites where they capture Ags. Our findings indicate that induction of MoDC maturation is an important property of CCL16 and suggest that chemokines may not only organize the migration of MoDCs, but also directly regulate their ability to prime T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cappello
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy
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18
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Marchisio M, Bertagnolo V, Lanuti P, Gaspari AR, Paludi M, Ciccocioppo F, Ercolino E, Bascelli A, Cataldi A, Miscia S. Nuclear protein kinase C-delta: a possible check-point of cell cycle progression. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2006; 19:287-91. [PMID: 16831296 DOI: 10.1177/039463200601900206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase Cs (PKCs) belong to a serine/threonine kinase family, ubiquitously expressed and claimed to be involved in physiological processes including apoptosis, cell growth and differentiation. The question of the subcellular localization and activity of PKCs remains to be clarified. Here we report that nuclear PKC-delta cooperates to regulate the S-G2/M phase transition of cell cycle, apparently being associated to chromosome condensation and alignment on the metaphase plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marchisio
- Cell Signalling Unit at the Department of Biomorphology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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19
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Trakatelli C, Frydas S, Hatzistilianou M, Papadopoulos E, Simeonidou I, Founta A, Paludi D, Petrarca C, Castellani ML, Papaioannou N, Salini V, Conti P, Kempuraj D, Vecchiet J. Chemokines as markers for parasite-induced inflammation and tumors. Int J Biol Markers 2006; 20:197-203. [PMID: 16398400 DOI: 10.1177/172460080502000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are a group of small secreted proteins (8-10 kDa) produced and released by a wide variety of cell types. They were originally described as mediators of leukocyte recruitment, which is essential in acute and chronic inflammation. They also play a critical role in many pathophysiological processes such as allergic responses, infections and autoimmune diseases, tumor growth and hematopoietic development. This review introduces the three supergene families of chemokines (CXC, CC and C) with emphasis on their important role in different states in humans and in animal models with parasitic diseases. The concentration of transcription and translation of the cytokines and chemokines in the parasitic diseases may be an important marker for evaluation of the inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Trakatelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Georgios Gennimatas Hospital, Thessaloniki
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20
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Petrarca C, Frydas S, Donelan J, Boucher W, Papadopoulou N, Cao J, Castellani ML, Conti P, Toniato E, Robuffo I, Vecchiet J, Iezzi T, Madhappan B, Kempuraj D. Interleukin 27 (IL-27): A novel pleiotropic cytokine involved in T cell differentiation and T cell response modulation. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2005; 18:191-4. [PMID: 15888242 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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21
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Musso T, Cappello P, Stornello S, Ravarino D, Caorsi C, Otero K, Novelli F, Badolato R, Giovarelli M. IL-10 enhances CCL2 release and chemotaxis induced by CCL16 in human monocytes. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2005; 18:339-49. [PMID: 15888256 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CCL16 is a CC chemokine originally identified as a liver-expressed chemokine. Its expression has been detected in activated monocytes where it is up-regulated by stimulation with IL-10. This is in contrast with IL-10's inhibition of the expression of most chemokines. CCL16 is chemotactic for monocytes, lymphocyte and dendritic cells. We investigated whether CCL16 displays biological activities other than chemotaxis and whether IL-10 affects monocyte response to CCL16. We show that CCL16 induces the expression of CCL2 at the mRNA and protein level, but does not affect that of CCL5, CCL18 and proinflammatory cytokines. This effect was prevented by treatment with pertussis toxin and may thus be mediated by G-protein-coupled receptors. IL-10 markedly increased CCL2 production induced by CCL16, but suppressed that of CXCL8. It also enhanced the chemotactic response to CCL16. Addition of antibodies blocking CCR1, but not CCR8, prevented this enhanced chemotactic response and suggested that CCR1 is primarily involved. We propose that IL-10 modulates the effects of CCL16 on monocytes by increasing their CCR1-dependent response. The coordinated secretion of CCL16 and IL-10 may thus enhance monocyte infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Musso
- Department of Public Health and Microbiology, University of Turin, Italy
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22
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Haringman JJ, Smeets TJM, Reinders-Blankert P, Tak PP. Chemokine and chemokine receptor expression in paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells and synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and reactive arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 65:294-300. [PMID: 16107514 PMCID: PMC1798063 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2005.037176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokine receptors and chemokines have a crucial role in leucocyte recruitment into inflamed tissue. OBJECTIVE To examine the expression of an extensive number of chemokines and receptors in a unique bank of paired samples of synovial tissue (ST) and peripheral blood (PB) from patients with different forms of arthritis to assist in identifying suitable targets for therapeutic intervention. METHODS Synovial biopsy specimens were obtained from 23 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 16 with osteoarthritis, and 8 with reactive arthritis. ST chemokine (CCL2/MCP-1, CCL5/RANTES, CCL7/MCP-3, CCL8/MCP-2, CCL14/HCC-1, CCL15/HCC-2, CCL16/HCC-4), chemokine receptor (CCR1, CCR2b, CCR5, CXCR4), and CD13 expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry and two colour immunofluorescence. Chemokine receptor expression (CCR1, CCR3, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7) on PB cells was studied by flow cytometry. Non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Abundant expression of CCR1, CXCR4, and CCR5 was found in all forms of arthritis, with a specific increase of CCL5 and CCL15 in RA. CCL7, CCL8, CCL14, CCL15, and CCL16 were detected for the first time in ST. The results for PB analysis were comparable among different arthritides. Interestingly, compared with healthy controls, significantly lower expression of CCR1 (p<0.005) and CCR5 (p<0.05) by PB monocytes in the patient groups was seen. DISCUSSION A variety of chemokines and receptors might have an important role in several inflammatory joint disorders. Although other receptors are involved as well, migration of CCR1(+) and CCR5(+) cells towards the synovial compartment may play a part in the effector phase of various forms of arthritis.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Arthritis/blood
- Arthritis/metabolism
- Arthritis, Reactive/blood
- Arthritis, Reactive/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/blood
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Chemokines/blood
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Osteoarthritis/blood
- Osteoarthritis/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR1
- Receptors, CCR5/metabolism
- Receptors, Chemokine/blood
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Synovial Membrane/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Haringman
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology F4-218, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Centre/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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