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Cruz T, Agudelo Garcia PA, Chamucero-Millares JA, Bondonese A, Mitash N, Sembrat J, Tabib T, Zhang W, Seyed N, Peters V, Stacey S, Vignali D, Mora AL, Lafyatis R, Rojas M. End-Stage Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Lung Microenvironment Promotes Impaired NK Activity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1073-1081. [PMID: 37566492 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fibrotic age-related chronic lung disease characterized by the accumulation of senescent cells. Whether impaired immune response is responsible for the accumulation of senescent cells in the IPF lung remains unknown. In this study, we characterized the NK phenotype in IPF lungs via flow cytometry using 5-dodecanoylaminofluorescein di-β-d-galactopyranoside, markers of tissue residence, and chemokine receptors. The effect of the lung microenvironment was evaluated using lung fibroblast (LF) conditioned media (CM), and the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model was used to assess the in vivo relationship between NK cells and the accumulation of senescent cells. We found that NK cells from the lower lobe of IPF patients exhibited immune-senescent and impaired CD57-NKG2A+ phenotype. We also observed that culture of NK cells from healthy donors in CM from IPF lower lobe lung fibroblasts induced a senescent-like phenotype and impaired cytotoxic capacity. There is an impaired NK recruitment by LF, and NKs presented decreased migration toward their CM. In addition, NK cell-depleted mice treated with bleomycin showed increased collagen deposition and accumulation of different populations of senescent cells compared with controls. The IPF lung microenvironment induces a dysfunctional NK phenotype limiting the clearance of lung senescent cells and the resolution of lung fibrosis. We propose that impaired NK activity could be one of the mechanisms responsible for perpetuating the accumulation of senescent cells in IPF lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Cruz
- Fundacio Clinic per a la Recerca Biomedica, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula A Agudelo Garcia
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Anna Bondonese
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nilay Mitash
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - John Sembrat
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Tracy Tabib
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nouraie Seyed
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Victor Peters
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sean Stacey
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Division of Transplant Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Dario Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ana L Mora
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Huo R, Huang X, Yang Y, Yang Y, Lin J. Potential of resveratrol in the treatment of interstitial lung disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1139460. [PMID: 37089962 PMCID: PMC10117935 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1139460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by lung injury caused by lung fibroblast proliferation, interstitial inflammation, and fibrosis. Different cell signal transduction pathways are activated in response to various proinflammatory or fibrotic cytokines, such as IL-6, and these cytokines are increased in different ILDs. The overexpressed cytokines and growth factors in ILD can activate TGF-β/Smad2/3/4, NF-κB, and JAK/STAT signal transduction pathways, promote the activation of immune cells, increase the release of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic factors, differentiate fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, and promote the occurrence and development of ILD. This finding suggests the importance of signal transduction pathways in patients with ILD. Recent evidence suggests that resveratrol (RSV) attenuates excessive inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad2/3/4, NF-κB, and JAK/STAT signal transduction pathways and overactivation of immune cells. In this review, advances in lung protection and the underlying mechanisms of RSV are summarized, and the potential efficacy of RSV as a promising treatment option for ILD is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jinying Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
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Liao S, Tang Y, Zhang Y, Cao Q, Xu L, Zhuang Q. Identification of the shared genes and immune signatures between systemic lupus erythematosus and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Hereditas 2023; 160:9. [PMID: 36871016 PMCID: PMC9985223 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-023-00270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder which could lead to inflammation and fibrosis in various organs. Pulmonary fibrosis is a severe complication in patients with SLE. Nonetheless, SLE-derived pulmonary fibrosis has unknown pathogenesis. Of pulmonary fibrosis, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a typicality and deadly form. Aiming to investigate the gene signatures and possible immune mechanisms in SLE-derived pulmonary fibrosis, we explored common characters between SLE and IPF from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. RESULTS We employed the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the shared genes. Two modules were significantly identified in both SLE and IPF, respectively. The overlapped 40 genes were selected out for further analysis. The GO enrichment analysis of shared genes between SLE and IPF was performed with ClueGO and indicated that p38MAPK cascade, a key inflammation response pathway, may be a common feature in both SLE and IPF. The validation datasets also illustrated this point. The enrichment analysis of common miRNAs was obtained from the Human microRNA Disease Database (HMDD) and the enrichment analysis with the DIANA tools also indicated that MAPK pathways' role in the pathogenesis of SLE and IPF. The target genes of these common miRNAs were identified by the TargetScan7.2 and a common miRNAs-mRNAs network was constructed with the overlapped genes in target and shared genes to show the regulated target of SLE-derived pulmonary fibrosis. The result of CIBERSORT showed decreased regulatory T cells (Tregs), naïve CD4+ T cells and rest mast cells but increased activated NK cells and activated mast cells in both SLE and IPF. The target genes of cyclophosphamide were also obtained from the Drug Repurposing Hub and had an interaction with the common gene PTGS2 predicted with protein-protein interaction (PPI) and molecular docking, indicating its potential treatment effect. CONCLUSIONS This study originally uncovered the MAPK pathway, and the infiltration of some immune-cell subsets might be pivotal factors for pulmonary fibrosis complication in SLE, which could be used as potentially therapeutic targets. The cyclophosphamide may treat SLE-derived pulmonary fibrosis through interaction with PTGS2, which could be activated by p38MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liao
- Transplantation Center, the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Rd, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Youzhou Tang
- Department of Nephropathy, the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Transplantation Center, the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Rd, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Qingtai Cao
- Transplantation Center, the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Rd, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Linyong Xu
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center, the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Rd, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China. .,Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine, 138 Tongzipo Rd, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Atanasova E, Milosevic D, Bornschlegl S, Krucker KP, Jacob EK, Carmona Porquera EM, Anderson DK, Egan AM, Limper AH, Dietz AB. Normal ex vivo mesenchymal stem cell function combined with abnormal immune profiles sets the stage for informative cell therapy trials in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:45. [PMID: 35101101 PMCID: PMC8802496 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive pulmonary disease characterized by aberrant tissue remodeling, formation of scar tissue within the lungs and continuous loss of lung function. The areas of fibrosis seen in lungs of IPF patients share many features with normal aging lung including cellular senescence. The contribution of the immune system to the etiology of IPF remains poorly understood. Evidence obtained from animal models and human studies suggests that innate and adaptive immune processes can orchestrate existing fibrotic responses. Currently, there is only modest effective pharmacotherapy for IPF. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapies have emerged as a potential option treatment of IPF. This study characterizes the functionality of autologous MSCs for use as an IPF therapy and presents an attempt to determine whether the disease occurring in the lungs is associated with an alterated immune system. METHODS Comprehensive characterization of autologous adipose-derived MSCs (aMSCs) from 5 IPF patient and 5 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) was done using flow cytometry, PCR (ddPCR), multiplex Luminex xMAP technology, confocal microscopy self-renewal capacity and osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, multi-parameter quantitative flow cytometry of unmanipulated whole blood of 15 IPF patients and 87 (30 age- and gender-matched) HC was used to analyze 110 peripheral phenotypes to determine disease-associated changes in the immune system. RESULTS There are no differences between autologous aMSCs from IPF patients and HC in their stem cell properties, self-renewal capacity, osteogenic differentiation, secretome content, cell cycle inhibitor marker levels and mitochondrial health. IPF patients had altered peripheral blood immunophenotype including reduced B cells subsets, increased T cell subsets and increased granulocytes demonstrating disease-associated alterations in the immune system. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that there are no differences in aMSC properties from IPF patients and HC, suggesting that autologous aMSCs may be an acceptable option for IPF therapy. The altered immune system of IPF patients may be a valuable biomarker for disease burden and monitoring therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Atanasova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dragana Milosevic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Divisions of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Svetlana Bornschlegl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Karen P Krucker
- Divisions of Transfusion Medicine and Experimental Pathology, Immune Progenitor and Cell Therapeutics (IMPACT) Lab, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eapen K Jacob
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eva M Carmona Porquera
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dagny K Anderson
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ashley M Egan
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew H Limper
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Allan B Dietz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Divisions of Transfusion Medicine and Experimental Pathology, Immune Progenitor and Cell Therapeutics (IMPACT) Lab, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Bergantini L, d'Alessandro M, Cameli P, Otranto A, Finco T, Curatola G, Sestini P, Bargagli E. Prognostic role of NK cell percentages in bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with different fibrotic interstitial lung diseases. Clin Immunol 2021; 230:108827. [PMID: 34428741 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BAL cellularity and lymphocyte immunophenotyping offer insights into lung inflammatory status. Natural killer (NK) cells are efficient effector cells, producing pro-inflammatory cytokines. A better understanding of the biology of NK cells in BAL in the lungs is necessary to improve the pathogenesis of fibrotic ILD and develop prospective targeted treatments. Our aim was to analyse NK and NKT-like cell percentages in BAL from 159 patients with different ILD: f-HP, f-NSIP, IPF and CTD-ILD, to evaluate their potential diagnostic/prognostic role. BAL NK cell percentages showed significantly higher values in IPF than in f-HP and f-NSIP, while BAL NKT-like cells showed significantly lower values in the f-NSIP than the f-HP and IPF. A cut-off of 4%NK cells in BAL of IPF showed a significant difference in survival rate. It suggests a possible new marker of survival and raises the possibility of new targeted approach in treatment and management of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bergantini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neuroscience, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Siena University, Siena, Italy.
| | - Miriana d'Alessandro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neuroscience, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Paolo Cameli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neuroscience, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Ambra Otranto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neuroscience, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Finco
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neuroscience, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curatola
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neuroscience, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Piersante Sestini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neuroscience, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Bargagli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neuroscience, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Siena University, Siena, Italy
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Parimon T, Hohmann MS, Yao C. Cellular Senescence: Pathogenic Mechanisms in Lung Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6214. [PMID: 34207528 PMCID: PMC8227105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and fatal lung disease that significantly impacts the aging population globally. To date, anti-fibrotic, immunosuppressive, and other adjunct therapy demonstrate limited efficacies. Advancing our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of lung fibrosis will provide a future path for the cure. Cellular senescence has gained substantial interest in recent decades due to the increased incidence of fibroproliferative lung diseases in the older age group. Furthermore, the pathologic state of cellular senescence that includes maladaptive tissue repair, decreased regeneration, and chronic inflammation resembles key features of progressive lung fibrosis. This review describes regulatory pathways of cellular senescence and discusses the current knowledge on the senescence of critical cellular players of lung fibrosis, including epithelial cells (alveolar type 2 cells, basal cells, etc.), fibroblasts, and immune cells, their phenotypic changes, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which these cells contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. A few challenges in the field include establishing appropriate in vivo experimental models and identifying senescence-targeted signaling molecules and specific therapies to target senescent cells, known collectively as "senolytic" or "senotherapeutic" agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyalak Parimon
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Miriam S. Hohmann
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Changfu Yao
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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d’Alessandro M, Soccio P, Bergantini L, Cameli P, Scioscia G, Foschino Barbaro MP, Lacedonia D, Bargagli E. Extracellular Vesicle Surface Signatures in IPF Patients: A Multiplex Bead-Based Flow Cytometry Approach. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051045. [PMID: 33925174 PMCID: PMC8146446 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by cells from their membrane within circulation and body fluids. Knowledge of the involvement of EVs in pathogenesis of lung diseases is increasing. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of exosomal surface epitopes in a cohort of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients followed in two Italian Referral Centres for Interstitial Lung Diseases, comparing them with a group of healthy volunteers. Materials and Methods: Ninety IPF patients (median age and interquartile range (IQR) 71 (66–75) years; 69 males) were selected retrospectively. Blood samples were obtained from patients before starting antifibrotic therapy. A MACSPlex Exosome Kit, human, (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch-Gladbach, Germany), to detect 37 exosomal surface epitopes, was used. Results: CD19, CD69, CD8, and CD86 were significantly higher in IPF patients than in controls (p = 0.0023, p = 0.0471, p = 0.0082, and p = 0.0143, respectively). CD42a was lower in IPF subjects than in controls (p = 0.0153), while CD209, Cd133/1, MCSP, and ROR1 were higher in IPF patients than in controls (p = 0.0007, p = 0.0050, p = 0.0139, and p = 0.0335, respectively). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for IPF patients: for median values and a cut-off of 0.48 for CD25, the two subgroups showed a significant difference in survival rate (p = 0.0243, hazard ratio: 0.52 (95%CI 0.29–0.92); the same was true for CD8 (cut-off 1.53, p = 0.0309, hazard ratio: 1.39 (95%CI 0.75–2.53). Conclusion: Our multicenter study showed for the first time the expression of surface epitopes on EVs from IPF patients, providing interesting data on the communication signatures/exosomal profile in serum from IPF patients and new insights into the pathogenesis of the disease and a promising reliability in predicting mid-term survival of IPF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriana d’Alessandro
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-057-758-6713; Fax: +39-057-728-0744
| | - Piera Soccio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (P.S.); (G.S.); (M.P.F.B.); (D.L.)
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Laura Bergantini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Paolo Cameli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Giulia Scioscia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (P.S.); (G.S.); (M.P.F.B.); (D.L.)
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Foschino Barbaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (P.S.); (G.S.); (M.P.F.B.); (D.L.)
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (P.S.); (G.S.); (M.P.F.B.); (D.L.)
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Elena Bargagli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (E.B.)
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Risk Factors and Changes of Peripheral NK and T Cells in Pulmonary Interstitial Fibrosis of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Can Respir J 2019; 2019:7262065. [PMID: 31885749 PMCID: PMC6914899 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7262065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The absolute and relative changes of peripheral NK and T subsets are unclear in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) associated with pulmonary interstitial fibrosis (RA-ILD). To investigate the clinical risk factors, especially the changes of lymphocyte subsets, in RA-ILD in order to make early diagnosis and achieve prevention of the pulmonary interstitial lesions. Methods A total of 100 RA and 100 RA-ILD patients were enrolled. Rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrulline peptide antibody, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, immunoglobulin, and C-reactive protein were examined. The percentage and absolute number of NK, T, B, Treg, Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. Results RA-ILD is more common in older and male RA patients and/or those with higher autoantibody titers. Flow cytometry showed that the absolute and relative numbers of CD56+ NK cells were significantly higher in RA-ILD (280.40 ± 180.51 cells/μl vs. 207.66 ± 148.57 cells/μl; 16.62 ± 8.56% vs. 12.11 ± 6.47%), whereas the proportion of T cells and CD4+ T cells was lower in peripheral blood of RA-ILD patients (69.82 ± 9.30%; 39.44 ± 9.87 cells/μl) than that in RA patients (74.45 ± 8.72%; 43.29 ± 9.10 cells/μl). Conclusions The occurrence of RA-ILD is closely related to the older male patients with high titer of various self-antibodies. Imbalance of CD3−CD56+ NK cells and T cells with other subsets were found in RA-ILD patients, which, together with older age, male, and high levels of autoantibodies should be considered as risk factors of pulmonary interstitial lesions.
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Eduardo M, Ivette BR, Gabriela DP, Veronica MA, Victor R. Evaluation of Renin and Soluble (Pro)renin Receptor in Patients with IPF. A Comparison with Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. Lung 2019; 197:715-720. [PMID: 31616976 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-019-00278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal disease with an unclear pathogenic mechanism. Components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) have a role in the pathogenesis of IPF, specifically, the aspartyl protease renin acts as a profibrotic factor in the lung. However, the concentration of the RAS components renin and soluble (pro)renin receptor (sPRR) have not been previously evaluated neither in serum nor in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) of patients with IPF or chronic Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (cHP), a disease which may be confused with IPF. METHODS The serum levels of renin [IPF patients (n = 70), cHP patients (n = 83), and controls (n = 26)] and sPRR [IPF (n = 28), cHP (37), and controls (n = 20)] were measured by ELISA. Renin was also quantified in BALs of IPF patients and controls by Western blot. RESULTS We found that the levels of renin were higher in serum samples from IPF patients when compared with cHP patients and controls. Furthermore, BALs from IPF patients had more renin than BALs from controls. Unlike renin, the serum levels of sPRR were lower in IPF and cHP patients than in control individuals. CONCLUSIONS The high levels of renin in sera and BALs of IPF patients suggest that renin might play a major role in the pathogenesis of IPF. Results from BAL confirm that renin is produced locally in the lung. Serum levels of renin could be used to differentiate IPF from cHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montes Eduardo
- Clínica de Asma, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Buendía-Roldan Ivette
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Díaz-Piña Gabriela
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moreno-Avila Veronica
- Laboratorio de Morfología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruiz Victor
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Castellani ML, Salini V, Frydas S, Donelan J, Tagen M, Madhappan B, Petrarca C, Falasca K, Neri G, Tete S, Vecchiet J. The Proinflammatory Interleukin-21 Elicits Anti-Tumor Response and Mediates Autoimmunity. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 19:247-51. [PMID: 16831291 DOI: 10.1177/039463200601900201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M L Castellani
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
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Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) encompasses a large and diverse group of pathological conditions that share similar clinical, radiological and pathological manifestations, despite potentially having quite different aetiologies and comorbidities. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) represents probably the most aggressive form of ILD and systemic sclerosis is a multiorgan fibrotic disease frequently associated with ILD. Although the aetiology of these disorders remains unknown, in this review we analyse the pathogenic mechanisms by cell of interest (fibroblast, fibrocyte, myofibroblast, endothelial and alveolar epithelial cells and immune competent cells). New insights into the complex cellular contributions and interactions will be provided, comparing the role of cell subsets in the pathogenesis of IPF and systemic sclerosis. Distinct cell populations contribute to the complex pathogenesis of IPF and systemic sclerosis-associated ILDhttp://ow.ly/AjFaz
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Papanikolaou IC, Boki KA, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Kotsaki A, Kagouridis K, Karagiannidis N, Polychronopoulos VS. Innate immunity alterations in idiopathic interstitial pneumonias and rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung diseases. Immunol Lett 2014; 163:179-86. [PMID: 25540922 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is a prospective cohort study elucidating innate immunity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), rheumatoid arthritis-associated usual interstitial pneumonia (RA-UIP) and RA-associated non specific interstitial pneumonia (RA-NSIP). METHODS 23 IPF subjects, 9 COP subjects, 5 RA-UIP subjects, 8 RA-NSIP subjects were enrolled. 10 subjects were excluded. 19 healthy subjects served as controls. Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were obtained. Natural killer (NK) and NKT cells, NK cells apoptosis and the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells type 1 (TREM-1) were assessed. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production was measured in cell cultures after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS) and Pam3CysSK3, and in BAL. Surface expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 on peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC's) and circulating NK cells was also assessed. RESULTS RA-NSIP had low blood NKs, marginally insignificant (p=0.07). These NKs poorly produced TNF-α after LPS stimulation. TLR's expression on NK cells was similar throughout disease groups and controls. PBMC's mainly from IPF patients exhibited low TNF-α production after LPS stimulation but not after Pam3CysSK3 stimulation, while TLR4 expression on PBMC's was found normal in all study groups. TLR2 expression on PBMC's was increased in IPF, but mainly in COP, RA-UIP and RA-NSIP (p=0.015). TREM-1 expression was significant on COP monocytes and on COP neutrophils versus controls. RA-NSIP monocytes also exhibited TREM-1 expression (p=0.07). Decreased TNF-α concentration in BAL was finally observed in IPF and RA-UIP. CONCLUSIONS Innate immunity in the lungs and the peripheral circulation in IPF and RA-UIP are similar and more fibrotic than in RA-NSIP which is characterized by NK cell depletion and dysfunction. TREM-1 and TLR's likely affect patterns of inflammation in various interstitial lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias C Papanikolaou
- 3rd Pulmonary Department, Sismanoglion General Hospital, Sismanogliou 1, 15126 Attica, Greece.
| | - Kyriaki A Boki
- Rheumatology Department, Sismanoglion General Hospital, Sismanogliou 1, 15126 Attica, Greece.
| | | | - Antigoni Kotsaki
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, ATTIKON University General Hospital, Rimini 1, 12462 Attica, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Kagouridis
- 3rd Pulmonary Department, Sismanoglion General Hospital, Sismanogliou 1, 15126 Attica, Greece.
| | - Napoleon Karagiannidis
- 3rd Pulmonary Department, Sismanoglion General Hospital, Sismanogliou 1, 15126 Attica, Greece.
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Papakosta D, Manika K, Gounari E, Kyriazis G, Kontakiotis T, Spyropoulos G, Kontakioti E, Zarogoulidis K. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood natural killer and natural killer T-like cells in cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. Respirology 2014; 19:748-54. [PMID: 24889556 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Natural killer (NK) cells appear to be involved in the development of interstitial lung diseases (ILD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of NK and natural killer T (NKT)-like cells in two recognized cytotoxic ILD with systemic character, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), compared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and controls. METHODS Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood (PBL) cells and lymphocyte subsets of 83 patients (26 with COP, 19 with HP and 38 with IPF) and 10 controls were prospectively studied by flow cytometry. RESULTS The percentage of NK and NKT-like cells was lower in BALF than in PBL in all patient groups and controls. Patients with COP presented with statistically significantly higher NK and NKT-like cell counts in BALF compared with controls (P = 0.044 and P = 0.05 respectively) and IPF (P = 0.049 and P = 0.045 respectively). BALF NKT-like cell count correlated with PBL NKT-like cell count only in COP (r = 0.627, P = 0.002). In addition, a significant positive correlation between BALF NKT-like cell and PBL cytotoxic T CD8+ cell count was observed in COP (r = 0.562, P = 0.006) but not in HP, IPF or controls. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides for the first time evidence for the implication of NKT-like cells in the pathogenesis of COP, as part of both localized and systemic cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Papakosta
- Pulmonary Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 'G. Papanikolaou' Hospital, Exochi, Thessaloniki, Greece
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15
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Galati D, De Martino M, Trotta A, Rea G, Bruzzese D, Cicchitto G, Stanziola AA, Napolitano M, Sanduzzi A, Bocchino M. Peripheral depletion of NK cells and imbalance of the Treg/Th17 axis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. Cytokine 2014; 66:119-26. [PMID: 24418172 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The immune response plays an unsettled role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the contribution of inflammation being controversial as well. Emerging novel T cell sub-populations including regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) and interleukin (IL)-17 secreting T helper cells (Th17) may exert antithetical actions in this scenario. Phenotype and frequency of circulating immune cell subsets were assessed by multi-parametric flow cytometry in 29 clinically stable IPF patients and 17 healthy controls. The interplay between Treg lymphocytes expressing transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and Th17 cells was also investigated. Proportion and absolute number of natural killer (NK) cells were significantly reduced in IPF patients in comparison with controls (p<0.001). Conversely, the proportion and absolute number of CD3(+)CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp-3(+) cells were significantly increased in IPF patients (p=0.000). As in controls, almost the totality of cells (>90%) expressed TGF-β upon stimulation. Interestingly, the frequency of Th17 cells was significantly compromised in IPF patients (p=0.000) leading to an increased TGF-β/IL-17 ratio (4.2±2.3 vs 0.5±0.3 in controls, p=0.000). Depletion of NK and Th17 cells along with a not compromised Treg compartment delineate the existence of an "immune profile" that argue against the recent hypothesis of IPF as an autoimmune disease. Our findings along with the imbalance of the Treg/Th17 axis more closely suggest these immune perturbations to be similar to those observed in cancer. Clinical relevance, limitations and perspectives for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Galati
- Dipartimento di Ematologia, IRCCS INT Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marina De Martino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Annamaria Trotta
- UOSC Immunologia Oncologica, IRCCS INT Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gaetano Rea
- Dipartimento dei Servizi Diagnostici e Generali, Ospedali dei Colli, Monaldi-Cotugno-CTO, Napoli, Italy
| | - Dario Bruzzese
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Napolitano
- UOSC Immunologia Oncologica, IRCCS INT Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sanduzzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Bocchino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
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Long term impact of sulfur mustard exposure on peripheral blood mononuclear subpopulations — Sardasht-Iran Cohort Study (SICS). Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:931-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shimojima Y, Ishii W, Matsuda M, Ikeda SI. Phenotypes of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes and Cytokine Expression in Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis before Treatment and after Clinical Remission. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS 2012; 5:77-87. [PMID: 23115480 PMCID: PMC3480870 DOI: 10.4137/cmamd.s10272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations, particularly helper T (Th) cells and cytokine expression before and after treatment in polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). Patients and Methods Ten patients with PM and 15 with DM were enrolled in this study. As a control we used 11 age-matched healthy subjects. We analyzed peripheral blood lymphocytes using flow cytometry. Serum cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Th2/Th1 and Th2/Th17 ratios were significantly higher in both PM and DM than in controls and this Th2-predominancy is marked in DM associated with interstitial pneumonia. IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β were significantly higher in both PM and DM and IL-4 showed a significant increase in DM when compared to controls. There was no significant correlation between either any lymphocyte subpopulations or serum cytokines and clinical severity markers such as the manual muscle strength test, serum creatine kinase, and the total CT score. Th2/Th17 in both PM and DM, as well as Th2/Th1 in the latter, significantly decreased after clinical remission compared with before treatment. Conclusions Th2-predominancy as shown by the increase in Th2/Th1 and Th2/Th17 ratios may suggest active disease in PM/DM but does not reflect clinical severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shimojima
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Fesenkova VI, Kurchenko AI, Castellani ML, Conti P, Anogeianaki A, Caraffa A, Kalogeromitros D. Expression of Co-stimulatory molecules on langerhans cells in lesional epidermis of human atopic dermatitis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2008; 29:487-98. [PMID: 18075860 DOI: 10.1080/08923970701675101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LC) are immature dendritic cells (DC) present in the skin epithelium. To understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing the inflammatory reaction in atopic dermatitis (AD), the expression of the LC specific marker CD1a, a member of major histocompatibility (MHC)-like glycoproteins, and the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, expressed on functionally mature dendritic cells, were counted in lesional biopsies and normal epidermis by an immunohistochemical method. CD1a specific staining was observed in both normal and AD lesion specimens. CD80 and CD86 positive cells with morphological characteristics of the LC were found in lesional AD epidermis, suggesting a high level of functional maturity of these cells and their involvement in chronic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentyna I Fesenkova
- The Bogomolets National Medical University, The Immunological Laboratory of the Institute of Urology, AMS of Ukraine
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Shanmugham LN, Petrarca C, Castellani ML, Symeonidou I, Frydas S, Vecchiet J, Falasca K, Tetè S, Conti P, Salini V. IL-1beta induces alkaline phosphatase in human phagocytes. Arch Med Res 2007; 38:39-44. [PMID: 17174721 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2006.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 05/19/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) is found in blood plasma or serum and leukocytes and regulates intercellular processes, maintaining phosphoryl metabolites in a steady state, as well as synthesizing and hydrolyzing phosphate esters on membranes. ALPase supervises the active transport of inorganic phosphates, fats, proteins, carbohydrates and the sodium/potassium pump mechanisms. The formed elements of blood such as polymorphonuclear (PMNs) leucocytes, macrophages (MP) and some lymphocytes are high in ALPase concentrations. METHODS In this study we have tested whether the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-lra) could influence ALPase generation in IL-1beta or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated neutrophils and MP. Human neutrophils were isolated from heparin-anticoagulated blood drawn from healthy individuals by centrifugation in a two-step gradient, Ficoll-Hypaque. ALPase activity was assessed spectrophotometrically in test tubes containing isolated neutrophils and adherence PBMCs treated with LPS, IL-1beta and IL-1ra, alone or in combination. RESULTS IL-lbeta or LPS enhanced ALPase in both PMNs and MP, whereas IL-1ra could not inhibit ALPase activity. We performed time course experiments at 0 min, 5 min, 1 h, 24 h, and 43 h (LPS 20 microg/mL, IL-1beta 10 ng/mL). No significant increase in ALPase activity was seen until 1 h; however, there was a rapid rise over the next few hours. In another set of experiments using IL-1ra (500 ng/mL), there was no difference between treated cells and control cells. The combination of IL-1beta plus IL-1ra did not reduce the ability of IL-1beta to induce ALPase activity. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that IL-1beta stimulates ALPase through other mechanisms than the release of arachidonic acid products, which are inhibited by IL-lra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi N Shanmugham
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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