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The Multitasker Protein: A Look at the Multiple Capabilities of NUMB. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020333. [PMID: 36672267 PMCID: PMC9856935 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
NUMB, a plasma membrane-associated protein originally described in Drosophila, is involved in determining cell function and fate during early stages of development. It is secreted asymmetrically in dividing cells, with one daughter cell inheriting NUMB and the other inheriting its antagonist, NOTCH. NUMB has been proposed as a polarizing agent and has multiple functions, including endocytosis and serving as an adaptor in various cellular pathways such as NOTCH, Hedgehog, and the P53-MDM2 axis. Due to its role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, it has been suggested that NUMB may be involved in various human pathologies such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Further research on NUMB could aid in understanding disease mechanisms and advancing the field of personalized medicine and the development of new therapies.
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2
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Association of Low Expression of NUMB in Peripheral Blood with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Cardiol Res Pract 2022; 2022:7981637. [PMID: 35529060 PMCID: PMC9072008 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7981637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Our study's goal was to find out acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients' NUMB gene expression patterns and to evaluate its role as a diagnostic marker for AMI detection. Methods Peripheral blood was drawn from 124 individuals who had an AMI and 115 patients who had stable coronary artery disease (SCAD). The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the mRNA expression level of the NUMB gene in peripheral blood. Results The AMI group's NUMB gene expression was 0.906 (0.181–0.954), whereas the SCAD group's expression was 1.024 (0.207–1.127). However, the AMI group had 0.885 times lower NUMB mRNA expression than the SCAD group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Multivariate logistic regression evaluation found that lower NUMB expression was correlated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease. However, age and fasting plasma glucose levels were not associated with decreased NUMB expression.
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Adwani A, Kheur S, Kheur M, Mahajan P. Prognostic biomarkers for salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma: A systematic review. CLINICAL CANCER INVESTIGATION JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/ccij.ccij_110_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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4
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Cheng C, Huang Z, Zhou R, An H, Cao G, Ye J, Huang C, Wu D. Numb negatively regulates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer through the Wnt signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G841-G853. [PMID: 32146835 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00178.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors and is associated with a high mortality rate due to the lack of specific biomarkers available for early diagnosis, targeted therapies, and prognostic surveillance. In the present study, we investigated the function of Numb and its underlying mechanism in CRC. Immunohistochemical staining and clinicopathological analysis were used to assess the expression of Numb and its clinical significance in patients with CRC. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, cell proliferation, Western blot, wound healing, Transwell, and TOP/FOP flash reporter assays were used to investigate the function of Numb and its underlying mechanism in CRC. Numb expression was downregulated and negatively correlated with the depth of invasion, tumor size, metastasis, TNM stage, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in CRC specimens. Numb negatively regulates the EMT, proliferation, invasion, migration, and the Wnt signaling pathway in vitro, as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, activation of the Wnt signaling pathway by Wnt-3A negated the effect of Numb overexpression, whereas inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway by IWR-1 impaired the effect of the Numb knockdown on the EMT. We concluded that Numb downregulation is a common event in patients with CRC and is closely correlated with cancer progression and a poor prognosis. Numb functions as a tumor suppressor in CRC, and its tumor suppressor function is mediated by negative regulation of the EMT through the Wnt signaling pathway.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigate the function of Numb and its underlying mechanism in colorectal cancer through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, cell proliferation, Western blot, wound healing, Transwell, and TOP/FOP flash reporter assays. We conclude that Numb can negatively regulate the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through the Wnt signaling pathway to inhibit the development of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruian People's Hospital, Ruian, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenfeng Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruian People's Hospital, Ruian, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruiyao Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruian People's Hospital, Ruian, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huimin An
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaojian Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruian People's Hospital, Ruian, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Chaolin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Daoyi Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruian People's Hospital, Ruian, Zhejiang, China
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5
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Liu Z, Qi S, Fu Y, Shen L, Li M, Lu J, Zhao X, Zhang H. NUMB knockdown enhanced the anti-tumor role of cisplatin on ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:379-388. [PMID: 35116770 PMCID: PMC8798962 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.01.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background NUMB is an inhibitory regulator of NOTCH signaling, which is critical for the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Loss of NUMB expression is correlated with the genesis and development of multiple tumors. Recent studies reported that NUMB expression was upregulated in human ovarian cancer. However, the role of NUMB in ovarian cancer is still unclear. Here, we invested the effect of NUMB knockdown on the proliferation and EMT in ovarian cancer cells and explored the role of NUMB in the effect of cisplatin. Methods Two ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR-3 and SK-OV-3) were used in the experiments. The proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells was examined using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) test and flow cytometry assays. The invasion and migration of ovarian cancer cells were examined using Transwell assays. The expression of EMT markers were examined using Simple Western analysis. Results NUMB knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in both ovarian cancer cells. NUMB knockdown enhanced cisplatin-induced cell growth inhibiting and apoptosis in both ovarian cancer cells. NUMB knockdown enhanced cisplatin-induced cell invasion in SK-OV-3 cells. NUMB knockdown also decreased the expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin in SK-OV-3 cells. Conclusions NUMB acted as an oncogene in ovarian cancer and NUMB knockdown enhanced the anti-tumor role of cisplatin on ovarian carcinoma cells by inhibiting cell proliferation and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Shasha Qi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan 250021, China.,The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Yibing Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Liang Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Mingjiang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Jiaju Lu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Xingbo Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
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6
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Peng H, Wang L, Su Q, Yi K, Du J, Wang Z. MiR-31-5p promotes the cell growth, migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells by targeting NUMB. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:208-216. [PMID: 30396078 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role and specific molecular mechanism of miR-31-5 in colorectal cancer. The relative expression of miR-31-5p and NUMB in colorectal cancer tissues was analyzed by qRT-PCR. To knock down the expression of miR-31-5p, the transfection of miR-31-5p inhibitor was performed. The transfection with miR-31-5p mimic was used for miR-31-5p overexpression and pcDNA3.0-NUMB plasmid was used for NUMB overexpression. CCK-8 assay was used to analyze the cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the cell apoptosis and cell cycle. Matrigel invasion assay was performed to assess the invasion potency and migration assay was performed to assess the migration potency. Hoechst 33258 staining assay was performed to analyze the cell apoptosis of HT29 cells after the indicated transfection. Luciferase activity assays were performed to confirmed the potential binding site for miR-31-5p in 3'-UTR region of NUMB. MiR-31-5p is highly expressed in colorectal cancer and is critical for the cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration, invasion and apoptosis. NUMB is target of miR-31-5p and NUMB overexpression inhibited the cell proliferation, migration, invasion and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HT29 colorectal cancer cells. In conclusion, miR-31-5p promoted the cell growth, migration and invasion by targeting NUMB in colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Department of Anorectal Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, PR China
| | - Longfei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, PR China
| | - Qiang Su
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, PR China
| | - Kun Yi
- Department of Image Diagnoses, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, PR China
| | - Jingwei Du
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, PR China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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Zobel M, Disanza A, Senic-Matuglia F, Franco M, Colaluca IN, Confalonieri S, Bisi S, Barbieri E, Caldieri G, Sigismund S, Pece S, Chavrier P, Di Fiore PP, Scita G. A NUMB-EFA6B-ARF6 recycling route controls apically restricted cell protrusions and mesenchymal motility. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3161-3182. [PMID: 30061108 PMCID: PMC6123001 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201802023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocytic protein NUMB has been implicated in the control of various polarized cellular processes, including the acquisition of mesenchymal migratory traits through molecular mechanisms that have only been partially defined. Here, we report that NUMB is a negative regulator of a specialized set of understudied, apically restricted, actin-based protrusions, the circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs), induced by either PDGF or HGF stimulation. Through its PTB domain, NUMB binds directly to an N-terminal NPLF motif of the ARF6 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, EFA6B, and promotes its exchange activity in vitro. In cells, a NUMB-EFA6B-ARF6 axis regulates the recycling of the actin regulatory cargo RAC1 and is critical for the formation of CDRs that mark the acquisition of a mesenchymal mode of motility. Consistently, loss of NUMB promotes HGF-induced cell migration and invasion. Thus, NUMB negatively controls membrane protrusions and the acquisition of mesenchymal migratory traits by modulating EFA6B-ARF6 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zobel
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Disanza
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michel Franco
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | | | | | - Sara Bisi
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Barbieri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giusi Caldieri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Sigismund
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pece
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 144, Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics Team, Paris, France
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Scita
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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8
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Zhang C, Kang Y, Ma R, Chen F, Chen F, Dong X. Expression of Numb and Gli1 in malignant pleural mesothelioma and their clinical significance. J Cancer Res Ther 2018; 14:970-976. [PMID: 30197333 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.180614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly lethal and refractory to multimodal treatment tumor. Numb is considered as a tumor suppressor playing critical roles in determining cell fate and has been shown to target the oncogenic transcription factor Gli1 for Itch-dependent ubiquitination, resulting in suppression of the oncogenic sonic hedgehog signaling in medulloblastoma. This study was designed to analysis the role of Numb and Gli1 in MPM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissues of 61 MPM patients and 22 normal pleura as control were investigated. Numb and Gli1 expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The associations with clinical and pathological parameters of the two markers were statistically analyzed, and the correlation between them was also demonstrated. RESULTS The expression levels of Numb with nuclear Gli1 exhibited a significant inverse correlation (r = -0.361 P < 0.05). In addition, Numb has an inverse correlation with ki-67 labeling index (P < 0.05), and nuclear Gli1 was found in associated with the tumor International Mesothelioma Interest Group-stage (P < 0.05). The overall survival was influenced by the expression of Numb (P < 0.05) and histological subtype (P < 0.05), further regression analysis showed that only histological subtype has a prognostic influence on survival (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results provide new evidence of Numb and Gli1 on the clinical characteristics of MPM, which may be helpful in clinical diagnosis and targeted therapy. Further research with larger sample size is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanmeng Kang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ruiping Ma
- Department of Liver Disease, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xueli Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
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9
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García-Heredia JM, Verdugo Sivianes EM, Lucena-Cacace A, Molina-Pinelo S, Carnero A. Numb-like (NumbL) downregulation increases tumorigenicity, cancer stem cell-like properties and resistance to chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63611-63628. [PMID: 27613838 PMCID: PMC5325389 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
NumbL, or Numb-like, is a close homologue of Numb, and is part of an evolutionary conserved protein family implicated in some important cellular processes. Numb is a protein involved in cell development, in cell adhesion and migration, in asymmetric cell division, and in targeting proteins for endocytosis and ubiquitination. NumbL exhibits some overlapping functions with Numb, but its role in tumorigenesis is not fully known. Here we showed that the downregulation of NumbL alone is sufficient to increase NICD nuclear translocation and induce Notch pathway activation. Furthermore, NumbL downregulation increases epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC)-related gene transcripts and CSC-like phenotypes, including an increase in the CSC-like pool. These data suggest that NumbL can act independently as a tumor suppressor gene. Furthermore, an absence of NumbL induces chemoresistance in tumor cells. An analysis of human tumors indicates that NumbL is downregulated in a variable percentage of human tumors, with lower levels of this gene correlated with worse prognosis in colon, breast and lung tumors. Therefore, NumbL can act as an independent tumor suppressor inhibiting the Notch pathway and regulating the cancer stem cell pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M García-Heredia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain.,Department of Vegetal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Eva M Verdugo Sivianes
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Lucena-Cacace
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain
| | - Sonia Molina-Pinelo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain.,Present address: Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain
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Abstract
NUMB, and its close homologue NUMBL, behave as tumor suppressor genes by regulating the Notch pathway. The downregulation of these genes in tumors is common, allowing aberrant Notch pathway activation and tumor progression. However, some known differences between NUMB and NUMBL have raised unanswered questions regarding the redundancy and/or combined regulation of the Notch pathway by these genes during the tumorigenic process. We have found that NUMB and NUMBL exhibit mutual exclusivity in human tumors, suggesting that the associated tumor suppressor role is regulated by only one of the two proteins in a specific cell, avoiding duplicate signaling and simplifying the regulatory network. We have also found differences in gene expression due to NUMB or NUMBL downregulation. These differences in gene regulation extend to pathways, such as WNT or Hedgehog. In addition to these differences, the downregulation of either gene triggers a cancer stem cell-like related phenotype. These results show the importance of both genes as an intersection with different effects over cancer stem cell signaling pathways.
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11
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Abballe L, Mastronuzzi A, Miele E, Carai A, Besharat ZM, Moretti M, De Smaele E, Giangaspero F, Locatelli F, Ferretti E, Po A. Numb Isoforms Deregulation in Medulloblastoma and Role of p66 Isoform in Cancer and Neural Stem Cells. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:315. [PMID: 30443541 PMCID: PMC6221942 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Numb is an intracellular protein with multiple functions. The two prevalent isoforms, Numb p66 and Numb p72, are regulators of differentiation and proliferation in neuronal development. Additionally, Numb functions as cell fate determinant of stem cells and cancer stem cells and its abnormal expression has been described in several types of cancer. Involvement of deregulated Numb expression has been described in the malignant childhood brain tumor medulloblastoma, while Numb isoforms in these tumors and in cancer stem-like cells derived from them, have not been studied to date. Here we show that medulloblastoma stem-like cells and cerebellar neuronal stem cells (NSCs) express Numb p66 where its expression tampers stemness features. Furthermore, medulloblastoma samples evaluated in this study express decreased levels of Numb p66 while overexpressed Numb p72 compared with normal tissues. Our results uncover different roles for the two major Numb isoforms examined in medulloblastoma and a critical role for Numb p66 in regulating stem-like cells and NSCs maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Abballe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cellular and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cellular and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Carai
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marta Moretti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico De Smaele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Giangaspero
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cellular and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Agnese Po
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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12
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Guo Y, Zhang K, Cheng C, Ji Z, Wang X, Wang M, Chu M, Tang DG, Zhu HH, Gao WQ. Numb -/low Enriches a Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cell Subpopulation Associated with Enhanced Notch and Hedgehog Signaling. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:6744-6756. [PMID: 28751447 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To elucidate the role and molecular mechanism of Numb in prostate cancer and the functional contribution of Numb-/low prostate cancer cells in castration resistance.Experimental Design: The expression of Numb was assessed using multiple Oncomine datasets and prostate cancer tissues from both humans and mice. The biological effects of the overexpression and knockdown of Numb in human prostate cancer cell lines were investigated in vitro and in vivo In addition, we developed a reliable approach to distinguish between prostate cancer cell populations with a high or low endogenous expression of Numb protein using a Numb promoter-based lentiviral reporter system. The difference between Numb-/low and Numbhigh prostate cancer cells in the response to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) was then tested. The likely downstream factors of Numb were analyzed using luciferase reporter assays, immunoblotting, and quantitative real-time PCR.Results: We show here that Numb was downregulated and negatively correlated with prostate cancer advancement. Functionally, Numb played an inhibitory role in xenograft prostate tumor growth and castration-resistant prostate cancer development by suppressing Notch and Hedgehog signaling. Using a Numb promoter-based lentiviral reporter system, we were able to distinguish Numb-/low prostate cancer cells from Numbhigh cells. Numb-/low prostate cancer cells were smaller and quiescent, preferentially expressed Notch and Hedgehog downstream and stem-cell-associated genes, and associated with a greater resistance to ADT. The inhibition of the Notch and Hedgehog signaling pathways significantly increased apoptosis in Numb-/low cells in response to ADT.Conclusions: Numb-/low enriches a castration-resistant prostate cancer cell subpopulation that is associated with unregulated Notch and Hedgehog signaling. Clin Cancer Res; 23(21); 6744-56. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaping Cheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongzhong Ji
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minglei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingliang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Carlton and Elm Streets, Buffalo, New York
| | - Helen He Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Garcia-Heredia JM, Lucena-Cacace A, Verdugo-Sivianes EM, Pérez M, Carnero A. The Cargo Protein MAP17 (PDZK1IP1) Regulates the Cancer Stem Cell Pool Activating the Notch Pathway by Abducting NUMB. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:3871-3883. [PMID: 28153862 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Cancer stem cells (CSC) are self-renewing tumor cells, with the ability to generate diverse differentiated tumor cell subpopulations. They differ from normal stem cells in the deregulation of the mechanisms that normally control stem cell physiology. CSCs are the origin of metastasis and highly resistant to therapy. Therefore, the understanding of the CSC origin and deregulated pathways is important for tumor control.Experimental Design: We have included experiments in vitro, in cell lines and tumors of different origins. We have used patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and public transcriptomic databases of human tumors.Results: MAP17 (PDZKIP1), a small cargo protein overexpressed in tumors, interacts with NUMB through the PDZ-binding domain activating the Notch pathway, leading to an increase in stem cell factors and cancer-initiating-like cells. Identical behavior was mimicked by inhibiting NUMB. Conversely, MAP17 downregulation in a tumor cell line constitutively expressing this gene led to Notch pathway inactivation and a marked reduction of stemness. In PDX models, MAP17 levels directly correlated with tumorsphere formation capability. Finally, in human colon, breast, or lung there is a strong correlation of MAP17 expression with a signature of Notch and stem cell genes.Conclusions: MAP17 overexpression activates Notch pathway by sequestering NUMB. High levels of MAP17 correlated with tumorsphere formation and Notch and Stem gene transcription. Its direct modification causes direct alteration of tumorsphere number and Notch and Stem pathway transcription. This defines a new mechanism of Notch pathway activation and Stem cell pool increase that may be active in a large percentage of tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3871-83. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Manuel Garcia-Heredia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/Universidad de Sevilla/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain
- Department of Vegetal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Cancer, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Lucena-Cacace
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/Universidad de Sevilla/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Cancer, Seville, Spain
| | - Eva M Verdugo-Sivianes
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/Universidad de Sevilla/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Cancer, Seville, Spain
| | - Marco Pérez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/Universidad de Sevilla/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Cancer, Seville, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/Universidad de Sevilla/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain.
- CIBER de Cancer, Seville, Spain
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Sheng W, Dong M, Chen C, Li Y, Liu Q, Dong Q. Musashi2 promotes the development and progression of pancreatic cancer by down-regulating Numb protein. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14359-14373. [PMID: 27092875 PMCID: PMC5362411 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Musashi2-Numb interaction plays a vital role in the progression of myeloid leukemia. However, its potential role in solid cancers has rarely been reported. We investigated the coordinate function of Musashi2-Numb in the development of pancreatic cancer (PC) in vitro and vivo. Both Musashi2 protein and mRNA levels were higher in PC tissues than that in paired normal pancreas (P<0.05). Musashi2 overexpression and Numb positive expression were positively and negatively associated with tumor size and UICC stage, respectively (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis identified Musashi2 and Numb as adverse and favorable independent indicators for the survival of PC patients. Moreover, patients with high Musashi2 expression combining with negative Numb expression had a significantly worse overall survival (P=0.001). The negative relationship between Musashi2 and Numb was found at both PC tissue and cell levels. These two endogenous proteins can be co-immunoprecipitated from PC cell lines, and Musashi2 silence up-regulated Numb protein in vitro and vivo. Meanwhile, its silence decreased cell invasion and migration in vitro and inhibited the growth of subcutaneous tumors and the frequency of liver metastasis in vivo. However, Numb knockdown significantly reversed the decrease of cell invasion and migration induced by Musashi2 silence. Musashi2 promotes the development and progression of pancreatic cancer by down-regulating Numb protein. The interaction of Musashi2-Numb plays a significant role in the development and progression of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Chuanping Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Peoples’ Hospital of Shenyang City, 110003, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Peoples’ Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110015, China
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The Peoples’ Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110015, China
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15
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Zhang J, Shao X, Sun H, Liu K, Ding Z, Chen J, Fang L, Su W, Hong Y, Li H, Li H. NUMB negatively regulates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of triple-negative breast cancer by antagonizing Notch signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 7:61036-61053. [PMID: 27506933 PMCID: PMC5308634 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with higher rates of early relapse and metastasis, is frequently associated with aberrant activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Nonetheless, how EMT is initiated and regulated during TNBC progression is not well understood. Here, we report that NUMB is a negative regulator of EMT in both human mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells. Reduced NUMB expression was significantly associated with elevated EMT in TNBC. Conversely, overexpression of NUMB strongly attenuated the EMT program and metastasis of TNBC cell lines. Interestingly, we showed that NUMB employs different molecular mechanisms to regulate EMT. In normal mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells expressing wild-type p53, NUMB suppressed EMT by stabilizing p53. However, in TNBC cells, loss of NUMB facilitated the EMT program by activating Notch signaling. Consistent with these findings, low NUMB expression and high Notch activity were significantly correlated with the TNBC subtype in patients. Collectively, these findings reveal novel molecular mechanisms of NUMB in the regulation of breast tumor EMT, especially in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ximing Shao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhihao Ding
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Juntao Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Lijing Fang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Wu Su
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yang Hong
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Huashun Li
- SARITEX Center for Stem Cell Engineering Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine and Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200123, China
- ATCG Corporation, BioBay, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Hongchang Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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16
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XIE CHENGZHI, LU ZHENHUI, LIU GUOXING, FANG YU, LIU JIEFENG, HUANG ZHAO, WANG FUSHENG, WU XIAOLONG, LEI XIAOHUA, LI XIAOCHENG, ZHANG YUEMING, HU ZECHENG, QIAN KE, HU JIXIONG, HUANG SHENGFU, ZHONG DEWU, XU XUNDI. Numb downregulation suppresses cell growth and is associated with a poor prognosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:653-60. [PMID: 26165304 PMCID: PMC4533774 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numb, an endocytic adaptor, is a known cell fate determinant that participates in asymmetric cell division. The present study aimed to explore the potential roles of Numb in hepatocarcinogenesis. Numb expression was investigated in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) with reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical examination; its association with the prognosis of HCC patients was analyzed. In addition, the effects of Numb deletion on proliferation of HCC cells and its relevant molecules were evaluated in Huh7 and HepG2 cells. Numb overexpression was observed in 62% of adjacent non‑tumor tissues and 46% of tumor tissues. Overexpression of Numb in HCC was associated with histological grade, portal vein invasion and the number of tumors (P=0.001, 0.022 and 0.034 respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that Numb expression was an independent prognostic indicator of HCC patients. Methylation of the Numb promoter contributed to hepatocarcinogenesis. In vitro assays demonstrated that Numb silencing resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, downregulation of cyclin‑dependent protein kinase 4 (CDK4) and S‑phase kinase‑associated protein 2 (SKP2), and upregulation of Bcl‑2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK) and cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21). The present study suggests that downregulation of Numb inhibits colony formation and cell proliferation, induces apoptosis of HCC cells and independently predicts the poor prognosis of HCC patients. Thus, Numb has a potential role in the development and progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- CHENGZHI XIE
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - ZHENHUI LU
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - GUOXING LIU
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - YU FANG
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - JIEFENG LIU
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - ZHAO HUANG
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - FUSHENG WANG
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - XIAOLONG WU
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - XIAOHUA LEI
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - XIAOCHENG LI
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - YUEMING ZHANG
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - ZECHENG HU
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - KE QIAN
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - JIXIONG HU
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - SHENGFU HUANG
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - DEWU ZHONG
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - XUNDI XU
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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17
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Qi S, Zhao X, Li M, Zhang X, Lu Z, Yang C, Zhang C, Zhang H, Zhang N. Aberrant expression of Notch1/numb/snail signaling, an epithelial mesenchymal transition related pathway, in adenomyosis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:96. [PMID: 26307032 PMCID: PMC4549837 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis, and Notch signaling is crucial to EMT. The objective of this study was to explore Notch1/Numb/Snail signaling in adenomyosis. METHODS The expression levels of the members of the Notch1/Numb/Snail signaling cascade in normal endometria (proliferative phase: n = 15; secretory phase: n = 15; postmenopausal phase: n = 15) and adenomyotic endometria (proliferative phase: n = 15; secretory phase: n = 15) were determined by immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS We found that the expressions of Notch1 and the EMT-related proteins N-cadherin, Snail and Slug were upregulated in the ectopic endometrium of adenomyosis compared with normal endometrium. Numb, a negative regulator of Notch signaling, was significantly decreased in adenomyosis. In addition, reduced immunoexpression of E-cadherin was observed in adenomyosis. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that Notch1/Numb/Snail signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of adenomyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingbo Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingjiang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenzhen Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunrun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Women who report a history of endometrial cancer in a first-degree relative are at increased risk of endometrial cancer, with a hazard ratio of 1.5 to 2.0. Only a minority of patients with familial endometrial cancer have a recognized cancer syndrome. Lynch syndrome is the most common genetic syndrome associated with endometrial cancer and a marked increased risk of colon cancer. Cowden syndrome is a rare condition resulting from a mutation in the tumor suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homolog. The risk for endometrial cancer is about five times higher in women with Cowden syndrome than in the general population. Recently, a novel germline mutation in the POLD1 gene that encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase δ was described in several families with multiple cases of endometrial cancer. This mutation is also associated with colorectal cancer. The association between BRCA1 mutations and endometrial cancer has been investigated in several studies; it appears that the risk of endometrial cancer is restricted to women with a history of tamoxifen exposure. In recent years, research has focused on genetic polymorphisms that are associated with endometrial cancer risk. Although many polymorphisms have been identified, their clinical significance is unclear and they have not been adapted for clinical practice.
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19
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Sima J, Zhang B, Yu Y, Sima X, Mao Y. Overexpression of Numb suppresses growth, migration, and invasion of human clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:2885-92. [PMID: 25480416 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of Numb on cell growth, cell migration, and invasion in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Endogenous expression of Numb was evaluated in the ccRCC cell lines (786-O, Caki-1, and Caki-2) and control reference human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Numb expression was decreased in the ccRCC cells compared with the control cells (P < 0.01). Then, 786-O and Caki-1 cells described as suitable transfection hosts were used in transfection to carry out biological function studies. The three experimental groups were as follows: Numb-ORF (transfected with Numb-ORF plasmid), blank-vector (transfected with pCMV6-entry), and cell-alone group (no DNA). Numb expression in the Numb-ORF groups was significantly higher than that in the controls (P < 0.01). Cell growth was remarkably reduced (P < 0.01), and the number of migrating or invading cells was reduced (P < 0.01) in the Numb-ORF groups compared with controls. Furthermore, the ratio of G0/G1 phase in the Numb-ORF group of 786-O cells was increased, and the S phase fraction and proliferation index was decreased (P < 0.01). Cyclin D1 and MMP-9 expression was reduced in the Numb-ORF groups compared with controls. Here, we have provided data for attenuated Numb expression in the ccRCC cells. Overexpression of Numb could induce G0/G1 phase arrest and inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The suppressive effects might be due to downregulation of cyclin D1 or MMP-9 expression. Taken together, our data suggest that Numb may possibly function as a tumor suppressor involved in the carcinogenesis of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sima
- Department of Urology, Aerospace Central Hospital, No. 15 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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20
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Corallino S, Malabarba MG, Zobel M, Di Fiore PP, Scita G. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Plasticity Harnesses Endocytic Circuitries. Front Oncol 2015; 5:45. [PMID: 25767773 PMCID: PMC4341543 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of cells to alter their phenotypic and morphological characteristics, known as cellular plasticity, is critical in normal embryonic development and adult tissue repair and contributes to the pathogenesis of diseases, such as organ fibrosis and cancer. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a type of cellular plasticity. This transition involves genetic and epigenetic changes as well as alterations in protein expression and post-translational modifications. These changes result in reduced cell-cell adhesion, enhanced cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, and altered organization of the cytoskeleton and of cell polarity. Among these modifications, loss of cell polarity represents the nearly invariable, distinguishing feature of EMT that frequently precedes the other traits or might even occur in their absence. EMT transforms cell morphology and physiology, and hence cell identity, from one typical of cells that form a tight barrier, like epithelial and endothelial cells, to one characterized by a highly motile mesenchymal phenotype. Time-resolved proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of cells undergoing EMT recently identified thousands of changes in proteins involved in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation and motility, DNA repair, and - unexpectedly - membrane trafficking (1). These results have highlighted a picture of great complexity. First, the EMT transition is not an all-or-none response but rather a gradual process that develops over time. Second, EMT events are highly dynamic and frequently reversible, involving both cell-autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms. The net results is that EMT generates populations of mixed cells, with partial or full phenotypes, possibly accounting (at least in part) for the physiological as well as pathological cellular heterogeneity of some tissues. Endocytic circuitries have emerged as complex connectivity infrastructures for numerous cellular networks required for the execution of different biological processes, with a primary role in the control of polarized functions. Thus, they may be relevant for controlling EMT or certain aspects of it. Here, by discussing a few paradigmatic cases, we will outline how endocytosis may be harnessed by the EMT process to promote dynamic changes in cellular identity, and to increase cellular flexibility and adaptation to micro-environmental cues, ultimately impacting on physiological and pathological processes, first and foremost cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Grazia Malabarba
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM) , Milan , Italy ; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Martina Zobel
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM) , Milan , Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM) , Milan , Italy ; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy ; Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia , Milan , Italy
| | - Giorgio Scita
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM) , Milan , Italy ; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
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Abstract
Integrins are a family of transmembrane cell surface molecules that constitute the principal adhesion receptors for the extracellular matrix (ECM) and are indispensable for the existence of multicellular organisms. In vertebrates, 24 different integrin heterodimers exist with differing substrate specificity and tissue expression. Integrin–extracellular-ligand interaction provides a physical anchor for the cell and triggers a vast array of intracellular signalling events that determine cell fate. Dynamic remodelling of adhesions, through rapid endocytic and exocytic trafficking of integrin receptors, is an important mechanism employed by cells to regulate integrin–ECM interactions, and thus cellular signalling, during processes such as cell migration, invasion and cytokinesis. The initial concept of integrin traffic as a means to translocate adhesion receptors within the cell has now been expanded with the growing appreciation that traffic is intimately linked to the cell signalling apparatus. Furthermore, endosomal pathways are emerging as crucial regulators of integrin stability and expression in cells. Thus, integrin traffic is relevant in a number of pathological conditions, especially in cancer. Nearly a decade ago we wrote a Commentary in Journal of Cell Science entitled ‘Integrin traffic’. With the advances in the field, we felt it would be appropriate to provide the growing number of researchers interested in integrin traffic with an update.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hellyeh Hamidi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Jonna Alanko
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Pranshu Sahgal
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku 20521, Finland
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22
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Belle VA, McDermott N, Meunier A, Marignol L. NUMB inhibition of NOTCH signalling as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2014; 11:499-507. [PMID: 25134838 PMCID: PMC5240474 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2014.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the most prevalent life-threatening cancers diagnosed in the male population today. Various methods have been exploited in an attempt to treat this disease but these treatments, alongside preventative tactics, have been insufficient to control mortality rates and have usually resulted in detrimental adverse events. An opportunity to devise more-specific and potentially more-effective approaches for the eradication of prostate tumours can be found by targeting specific biological pathways. NUMB (protein numb homologue), a key regulator of cell fate, represents an attractive, actionable target in prostate cancer. NUMB participates in the observed deregulation of NOTCH (neurogenic locus notch homologue protein) signalling in prostate tumours, and the NUMB-NOTCH interaction regulates cell fate. NUMB has potential both as a target for control of prostate tumorigenesis and as a biomarker for identification of patients with prostate cancer who are likely to benefit from NOTCH inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niamh McDermott
- Radiation and Urologic Oncology, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity and Prostate Molecular Oncology Research Group, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, James's Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Armelle Meunier
- Radiation and Urologic Oncology, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity and Prostate Molecular Oncology Research Group, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, James's Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Laure Marignol
- Radiation and Urologic Oncology, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity and Prostate Molecular Oncology Research Group, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, James's Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
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Hong J, Liu Z, Zhu H, Zhang X, Liang Y, Yao S, Wang F, Xie X, Zhang B, Tan T, Fu L, Nie J, Cheng C. The tumor suppressive role of NUMB isoform 1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2014; 5:5602-14. [PMID: 24980814 PMCID: PMC4170621 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal quamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the predominant histological type of esophageal carcinoma in Asian populations. To date, few biomarkers have been identified for ESCC. In present study, we found a tumor suppressor, NUMB isoform 1 (NUMB-1), as a promising prognostic biomarker for patients with ESCC. NUMB-1 mRNA was downregulated in 66.7% of primary ESCC tissues when compared with matched adjacent non-tumor tissues. The low expression of NUMB-1 was significantly associated with high tumor recurrence (p=0.029) and poor post-operative overall survival (p=0.016). To further explore the underlying mechanisms by which NUMB-1 regulates ESCC, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of NUMB-1 inhibited cell proliferation through inducing G2/M phase arrest, which was accompanied by an increase in p21 and cyclin B1-cdc2 levels. However, it had no impact on apoptosis of ESCC cells. In addition, overexpression of NUMB-1 prevented epithelial-mesenchymal transition, inhibited invasion of ESCC cells and NOTCH pathway, suppressed Aurora-A activity by preventing phosphorylation of Aurora-A at T288 which resulted in cell cycle arrest. Taken together, our findings suggested NUMB-1 functions as a tumor-suppressor and serves as a prognositc biomarker for ESCC patients; thus, NUMB-1 may be a potential novel therapeutic target for treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmou Hong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH,USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongju Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyuan Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- Division of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH,USA
| | - Tao Tan
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH,USA
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Nie
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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24
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Yang Y, Chen L, Tian Y, Ye J, Liu Y, Song L, Pan Q, He Y, Chen W, Peng Z, Wang R. Numb modulates the paracellular permeability of intestinal epithelial cells through regulating apical junctional complex assembly and myosin light chain phosphorylation. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:3214-25. [PMID: 23872314 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Numb is highly expressed throughout the crypt-villus axis of intestinal mucosa and functions as cell fate determinant and integrator of cell-to-cell adhesion. Increased paracellular permeability of intestinal epithelial cells is associated with the epithelial barrier dysfunction of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). The apical junctional complex (AJC) assembly and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation regulate adherens junctions (AJ) and tight junctions (TJ). We determined whether and how Numb modulate the paracellular permeability of intestinal epithelial cells. Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells and their Numb-interfered counterparts were used in the study for physiological, morphological and biological analyses. Numb, expressed in intestinal epithelial cells and located at the plasma membrane of Caco-2 cells in a basolateral to apical distribution, increased in the intestinal epithelial cells with the formation of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Numb expression decreased and accumulated in the cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model. Numb co-localized with E-cadherin, ZO-1 and Par3 at the plasma membrane and interacted with E-cadherin and Par3. Knockdown of Numb in Caco-2 cells altered the F-actin structure during the Ca(2+) switch assay, enhanced TNFα-/INF-γ-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and TJ destruction, and increased the Claudin-2 protein level. Immunofluorescence experiments revealed that NMIIA and F-actin co-localized at the cell surface of Caco-2 cells. Numb knockdown in Caco-2 cells increased F-actin contraction and the abundance of phosphorylated MLC. Numb modulated the intestinal epithelial barrier in a Notch signaling-independent manner. These findings suggest that Numb modulates the paracellular permeability by affecting AJC assembly and MLC phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
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25
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Sheng W, Dong M, Zhou J, Li X, Liu Q, Dong Q, Li F. Cooperation among Numb, MDM2 and p53 in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 354:521-32. [PMID: 23881403 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We study the expression of Numb, MDM2 and p53 for clinical significance in pancreatic cancer (PC) and their functional relationship in regulating biological behaviors of PC cells. IHC, IB and qRT-PCR were used to detect Numb, MDM2 and p53 expression in PC. Transfection and drug intervention were used to investigate their functional relationship in PC cells. IHC showed that Numb expression was negatively associated with tumor size, differentiation and UICC stage, while expression of MDM2 and p53 was positively associated with tumor T and UICC stages, respectively (P < 0.05). Numb was an independent prognostic indicator in PC (P < 0.05). Patients with Numb-positive expression or combined with MDM2-negative expression had a significantly better overall survival (P < 0.05). Altered expression of Numb can regulate wild-type but not mutant p53 expression, while MDM2 knockdown increased Numb but not mutant p53 protein level. Meanwhile, Numb knockdown increased chemoresistance but decreased activated p53 and cleaved-caspase-3 protein expression in gemcitabine-treated Capan-2 cells. Moreover, Numb co-immunoprecipitated with p53 to prevent p53 ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation and this ubiquitin-dependent regulation plays an important role in the coordinate function of these three proteins on cell invasion and migration in PC cells. Our study is the first to demonstrate the clinical significance and functional cooperation among Numb, MDM2 and p53 involved in the development and progression of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
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26
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Kang Y, Ding M, Tian G, Guo H, Wan Y, Yao Z, Li B, Lin D. Overexpression of Numb suppresses tumor cell growth and enhances sensitivity to cisplatin in epithelioid malignant pleural mesothelioma. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:313-9. [PMID: 23624653 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive and conventional treatment-resistant tumor with a dismal prognosis. Among the three histological subtypes of MPM, the epithelioid is the most common type. Numb is considered as a tumor suppressor playing a critical role in controlling asymmetric cell division, maintenance of stem cell compartments, ubiquitination of specific substrates and regulating Notch-, Hedgehog- and TP53-activated pathways. The present study was designed to analyze the role of Numb in epithelioid MPM. We investigated the expression of Numb in 39 epithelioid MPM and 22 normal pleural tissues by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we overexpressed Numb in NCI-H2452, an epithelioid human MPM cell line, and investigated the effect of Numb overexpression on the proliferation, apoptosis and sensitivity to cisplatin in cells. The expression of Numb was significantly lower in MPM compared to the control group and Numb had an inverse correlation with the ki-67 labeling index. Loss of Numb expression was associated with poor prognosis in epithelioid MPM. Overexpression of Numb in NCI-H2452 cells significantly inhibited proliferation, promoted apoptosis and enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin. Moreover, Numb overexpression activated caspase-9 and caspase-3 through release of cytochrome c as well as downregulation of XIAP and survivin. We speculate that cytochrome c/caspase signaling is a possible mechanism through which Numb enhances the apoptosis of NCI-H2452 cells. These results suggest that Numb may be involved in epithelioid MPM development, and its upregulation may confer sensitivity to cisplatin, suggesting potential therapeutic options for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmeng Kang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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27
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Schmit TL, Nihal M, Ndiaye M, Setaluri V, Spiegelman VS, Ahmad N. Numb regulates stability and localization of the mitotic kinase PLK1 and is required for transit through mitosis. Cancer Res 2012; 72:3864-72. [PMID: 22593191 PMCID: PMC3410979 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-0714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Numb functions in progenitor cell fate determination and early development, but it is also expressed in postdevelopmental tissues and cancers where its role is unclear. In this study, we report that a targeted knockdown of Numb expression causes a G(2)-M arrest and reduced cell growth in human melanoma cells. Co-immunoprecipitation and colocalization studies showed that Numb interacts with the serine/threonine polo-like kinase Plk1 and Numb cycles in a cell-cycle-dependent fashion along with this mitotic regulator. Interestingly, Numb expression was required for Plk1 protein stability and localization to the spindle poles during mitosis. Reduction in Numb expression resulted in mislocalization of Plk1 at both metaphase and anaphase, leading to disorganized γ-tubulin recruitment in centrosomes. Together, our findings present a novel function for Numb during symmetric cell division. We suggest that dysregulation of Numb expression results in mislocalized Plk1 and poor centrosomal γ-tubulin recruitment, potentially contributing to mitotic errors, aneuploidy, and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis L. Schmit
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Minakshi Nihal
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Mary Ndiaye
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Vijayasaradhi Setaluri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Vladimir S. Spiegelman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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28
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Euskirchen P, Skaftnesmo KO, Huszthy PC, Brekkå N, Bjerkvig R, Jacobs AH, Miletic H. NUMB does not impair growth and differentiation status of experimental gliomas. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:2864-73. [PMID: 21939656 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The cell fate determinant NUMB orchestrates asymmetric cell division in flies and mammals and has lately been suggested to have a tumor suppressor function in breast and lung cancer. Here, we studied NUMB in the context of malignant gliomas. We used ectopic expression of NUMB in order to inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation in glioma cells by alteration of Notch, Hedgehog and p53 signaling. We found that NUMB is consistently expressed in glioma biopsies with predominance of NUMB2/4 isoforms as determined by isoform-specific real-time PCR and Western blotting. Upon lentiviral overexpression, in vitro proliferation rate and the grade of differentiation as assessed by morphology and expression of neural and glial markers remained unchanged. Orthotopic xenografts of NUMB-transduced human U87 glioma cells could be established in nude rats without impairing engraftment or causing significant changes in morphology based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The previously reported alteration of Hedgehog and p53 signaling by NUMB could not be recapitulated in glioma cells. We thus show that in experimental gliomas, NUMB overexpression most likely does not exert a tumor suppressor function such as seen in epithelial cancers.
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29
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Yang Y, Zhu R, Bai J, Zhang X, Tian Y, Li X, Peng Z, He Y, Chen L, Ji Q, Chen W, Fang D, Wang R. Numb modulates intestinal epithelial cells toward goblet cell phenotype by inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:1640-8. [PMID: 21557937 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Numb was originally identified as an important cell fate determinant that is asymmetrically inherited during mitosis and controls the fate of sibling cells by inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway in neural tissue. The small intestinal epithelium originates from the division of stem cells that reside in the crypt, which further differentiate into goblet cells, absorptive cells, paneth cells, and enteroendocrine cells. However, Numb's involvement in the differentiation process of intestinal epithelium is largely unknown. In the present study, we confirm that both the Numb mRNA and protein isoforms are expressed in adult mouse intestinal mucosa. Numb protein is ubiquitously expressed throughout the crypt-villus axis of the small intestinal epithelium and is mainly localized to the cytoplasmic membrane. Down-regulation of endogenous Numb using RNA interference in cultured intestinal LS174T cells increased Notch signaling, leading to the up-regulation of Hes1 and the down-regulation of Hath1. Knockdown of Numb alleviated MUC2 protein expression and led to loss of the goblet cell phenotype in LS174Tl cells. Our results provide the first evidence that Numb, an important cell fate determinant, modulates intestinal epithelial cells towards the goblet cell phenotype by inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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30
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Pece S, Confalonieri S, R Romano P, Di Fiore PP. NUMB-ing down cancer by more than just a NOTCH. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2011; 1815:26-43. [PMID: 20940030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The protein Numb does not live up to its name. This passive-sounding protein is anything but spent. Originally identified as a cell-fate determinant in Drosophila development, Numb received a good deal of attention as an inhibitor of the Notch receptor signaling pathway. It turns out, however, that Numb does a lot more than simply regulate Notch. It has been implicated in a variety of biochemical pathways connected with signaling (it regulates Notch-, Hedgehog- and TP53-activated pathways), endocytosis (it is involved in cargo internalization and recycling), determination of polarity (it interacts with the PAR complex, and regulates adherens and tight junctions), and ubiquitination (it exploits this mechanism to regulate protein function and stability). This complex biochemical network lies at the heart of Numb's involvement in diverse cellular phenotypes, including cell fate developmental decisions, maintenance of stem cell compartments, regulation of cell polarity and adhesion, and migration. Considering its multifaceted role in cellular homeostasis, it is not surprising that Numb has been implicated in cancer as a tumor suppressor. Our major goal here is to explain the cancer-related role of Numb based on our understanding of its role in cell physiology. We will attempt to do this by reviewing the present knowledge of Numb at the biochemical and functional level, and by integrating its apparently heterogeneous functions into a unifying scenario, based on our recently proposed concept of the "endocytic matrix". Finally, we will discuss the role of Numb in the maintenance of the normal stem cell compartment, as a starting point to interpret the tumor suppressor function of Numb in the context of the cancer stem cell hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Pece
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
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31
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Moran TB, Goldberg LB, Serviss SL, Raetzman LT. Numb deletion in POMC-expressing cells impairs pituitary intermediate lobe cell adhesion, progenitor cell localization, and neuro-intermediate lobe boundary formation. Mol Endocrinol 2010; 25:117-27. [PMID: 21084383 DOI: 10.1210/me.2010-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The pituitary gland contains six distinct hormone-secreting cell types that are essential for basic physiological processes including fertility and responding to stress. Formation of hormone-secreting cells during development relies on Notch signaling to prevent progenitors from prematurely differentiating. The nature of the signal curtailing Notch signaling in the pituitary is unknown, but a good candidate is the endocytic adaptor protein NUMB. NUMB targets Notch for proteolytic degradation, but it also has a broad range of actions, including stabilizing adherens junctions through interactions with cadherins and influencing cell proliferation by stabilizing expression of the tumor suppressor protein p53. Here, we show that NUMB and its closely related homolog, NUMBLIKE, are expressed in undifferentiated cells during development and later in gonadotropes in the anterior lobe and melanotropes of the intermediate lobe. All four isoforms of NUMB, are detectable in the pituitary, with the shorter forms becoming more prominent after adolescence. Conditionally deleting Numb and Numblike in the intermediate lobe melanotropes with Pomc Cre mice dramatically alters the morphology of cells in the intermediate lobe, coincident with impaired localization of adherens junctions proteins including E-CADHERIN, N-CADHERIN, β-CATENIN, and α-CATENIN. Strikingly, the border between posterior and intermediate lobes is also disrupted. These mice also have disorganized progenitor cells, marked by SOX2, but proliferation is unaffected. Unexpectedly, Notch activity appears normal in conditional knockout mice. Thus, Numb is critical for maintaining cell-cell interactions in the pituitary intermediate lobe that are essential for proper cell placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Moran
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 407 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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32
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Ostrakhovitch EA. Interplay between Numb and Notch in epithelial cancers: role for dual oxidase maturation factor. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45:2071-6. [PMID: 19523816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Numb and Notch signalling pathways are vitally important in cell fate and differentiation. The outcome of these signalling processes is determined by a delicate balance between opposing effects of Notch and Numb. Imbalance in Numb/Notch regulation was implicated in aberrant differentiation programme and epithelial cancer progression and metastasis. Recent identification of Numb-interacting protein (NIP), which is also known as dual oxidase maturation factor, and was shown to associate with Numb and DUOX and promote their translocation, sheds a new light on how Numb/Notch network may be coordinated in epithelial cancers. Here, a possible link between Numb, Notch and Dual oxidase maturation factor is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Ostrakhovitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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