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Jaybhaye AP, Sangle AL, Ugra D, Chittal RY. A Hospital-Based Study of Vitamin D Levels in Children With Recurrent Respiratory Infections. Cureus 2022; 14:e27864. [PMID: 36110478 PMCID: PMC9462840 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association of sub-normal vitamin D levels with respiratory tract infections in children has been a topic of interest in the recent literature. Vitamin D insufficiency has been explored as a modifiable risk factor in the management of pediatric recurrent respiratory tract infections. Methodology This hospital-based study included 108 children as cases aged six months to 15 years who were enrolled either as inpatients or outpatients with recurrent respiratory infections. In total, 55 healthy children of the same age group attending the hospital for vaccination and routine check-ups during the study period were included as controls. Venous blood specimens were collected from cases and controls to study serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Results The mean age of the cases and controls was 68.25 ± 40.3 months and 52.6 ± 40.9 months, respectively. Among the cases, 25% were vitamin D deficient and 75% had vitamin D insufficiency. The difference in proportions of vitamin D sufficiency status among cases and controls was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions There was a very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among children with recurrent respiratory infections compared to controls. The vitamin D status assessment should be included in the management of children with recurrent respiratory infections.
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Fontalvo-Rivera D, Mazenett E, Àlvarez-Zambrano C, Gómez-Camargo D. Vitamin D3 in acute respiratory infections in patients under five years old (Cartagena de Indias, Colombia). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.20883/medical.e679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim. Low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 are associated with an increased risk of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) that is among the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old. We describe the clinical behavior of acute respiratory infections in patients under five years ago in one sanitary institution in Colombia after VD3 supplementation.
Material and Methods. A case series was conducted on 38 patients of both genders aged less to 5 years ago was included. Participants were supplied 50,000 units of VD3 orally each month for three months. The number of events, consultations for emergency services, and hospitalization due to acute respiratory infections (ARIs) before and after VD3 administration were described.
Results. The average age of the participants was 25.81 ± 17.50 months. The average clinical ARIs per month was 4.02 (95% CI 3.64-4.40) before VD3 administration. Fewer episodes at the end of the three cycles was found at 2.23/month (95% CI 1.81-2.65; p=0.0230). The average consultations for emergency services during the three months before VD3 administration was 2.15 (95% CI 1.77-2.53). After three months of treatment, the average use of emergency services decreased to 0.52 (95% CI 0.37-0.72; p=0.0180). After the administration of the three doses of VD3, only one patient required hospitalization (2.63%; : 0.026 (IC95% 0.02-0.03; p=0.0368)).
Conclusions. The administration of vitamin D3 could have a benefit in decreasing the number of episodes, emergencies, and hospitalization for ARI in children under five years old. Trial studies are required to determine this potential benefit.
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Wijayanti SPM, Wahyono DJ, Rejeki DSS, Octaviana D, Mumpuni A, Darmawan AB, Kusdaryanto WD, Nawangtantri G, Safari D. Risk factors for acute otitis media in primary school children: a case-control study in Central Java, Indonesia. J Public Health Res 2021; 10:1909. [PMID: 33489992 PMCID: PMC7816044 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.1909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common disease in young children requiring antibiotic treatment. Information on AOM-related determinant risk factors in primary school children is still limited, particularly in Indonesia. This study aims to identify risk factors related to AOM in primary school children in Banyumas Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Design and Methods: This is an analytical study with a casecontrol design in Banyumas Regency, Indonesia. 3574 children from 6 regions of the Banyumas Regency were recruited for the screening of AOM detection, and confirmation of AOM diagnosis was determined by Otolaryngologist. One hundred and twentyfive cases and 125 control were involved in this study. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire focusing on several variables such as household cooking fuel, house environment, smoking exposure, knowledge of parents, and nutrition status. Univariate, bivariate using chi-square and multivariate with regression logistic was conducted for data analysis. Results: This study highlights the risk of household firewood use (p=0.003), poor nutritional status (p=0.009), and a family history of ear infections (p=0.015) with an increased risk of otitis media. Conclusions: Household firewood use, poor nutritional status and family history of ear infection are factors associated with the occurrence of acute otitis media. It is necessary to provide public health education to prevent exposure to fuel at risk for children and to improve their nutritional status. Significance for public health This study has important public health benefits because it offers valuable information about Acute Otitis Media (AOM) that is still limited in previous studies, particularly in Indonesia. This study confirms that problems related to AOM are still important because cases are still present in the community, particularly among primary school children. The basic advantage of this paper is the information that household firewood use, poor nutritional status and family history of ear infection are factors associated with acute otitis media in primary school children. This critical knowledge should be followed up by related parties to prevent the incidence of AOM cases in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dwi Sarwani Sri Rejeki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto
| | - Devi Octaviana
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto
| | - Aris Mumpuni
- Faculty of Biology, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto
| | - Anton Budhi Darmawan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto
| | - Wahyu Dwi Kusdaryanto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto
| | | | - Dodi Safari
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Lahoor Basha S, Suresh S, Ashok Reddy V, Surya Teja SP. Is the shielding effect of cholecalciferol in SARS CoV-2 infection dependable? An evidence based unraveling. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2021; 9:326-331. [PMID: 33102933 PMCID: PMC7576325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being announced as a global health concern and emergency in January by WHO, designing specific treatment for SARS-CoV-2 is still a summit yet to be conquered. Currently, many drugs are being tested in the clinical scenario and vitamins play a significant role in therapeutic management. Based on the available evidence, we postulate that maintaining normal vitamin D3 levels may reduce severity, mortality risk of COVID-19. This review elucidates the alarming need for randomized clinical trials to determine the role of vitamin D in patient prognosis in COVID-19 infection and on latitude bases epidemiological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Lahoor Basha
- Department of Medical Affairs, HealthMinds, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560038, India
| | - Sake Suresh
- Department of General Medicine, Andaman & Nicobar Health Services, Port Blair, 744104, India
| | - V.V. Ashok Reddy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Tiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - S P Surya Teja
- Health Minds Consulting Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru, India,Corresponding author
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Mirza AA, Alharbi AA, Marzouki H, Al-Khatib T, Zawawi F. The Association Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Recurrent Tonsillitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 163:883-891. [PMID: 32689892 DOI: 10.1177/0194599820935442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of vitamin D deficiency has been linked with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, but its impact on the frequency of tonsillitis is not yet fully understood. The objective of this study is to determine the association between vitamin D deficiency and recurrent tonsillitis based on current literature. DATA SOURCE A systematic review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Data were collected from online medical databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Collaboration Registry of Controlled Trials). REVIEW METHODS All studies addressing the association of vitamin D deficiency and recurrent tonsillitis prior to March 2019. The data were collected in different phases: screening review using search words and controlled vocabularies followed by detailed review of screened articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, then a full review that included screening the references of selected articles. RESULTS Fifty-three studies were potentially eligible; of these, 4 publications met the inclusion criteria and were included in the quantitative synthesis. There was a statistically significant reduction of vitamin D levels in patients with recurrent tonsillitis as compared to healthy controls (mean difference, -10.71; 95% CI, -19.12 to -2.31; P = .01). The odds of vitamin D insufficiency were significantly higher in patients with recurrent tonsillitis as compared to the control group (odds ratio, 4.37; 95% CI, 2.78-6.88; P < .001). CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency was present in patients with recurrent tonsillitis and might be associated with an increase in the risk of recurrent tonsillitis. There is a need to explore these findings via clinical trials based on large populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Mirza
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alharbi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Marzouki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Al-Khatib
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Zawawi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Updated Guidelines for the Management of Acute Otitis Media in Children by the Italian Society of Pediatrics: Prevention. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019; 38:S22-S36. [PMID: 31876602 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, new information has been acquired regarding the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of acute otitis media (AOM). The Italian Pediatric Society, therefore, decided to issue an update to the Italian Pediatric Society guidelines published in 2010. METHODS The search was conducted on Pubmed, and only those studies regarding the pediatric age alone, in English or Italian, published between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018, were included. Each study included in the review was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) methodology. The quality of the systematic reviews was evaluated using the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2 appraisal tool. The guidelines were formulated using the GRADE methodology by a multidisciplinary panel of experts. RESULTS The importance of eliminating risk factors (passive smoking, environmental pollution, use of pacifier, obesity, limitation of day-care center attendance) and the promotion of breastfeeding and hygiene practices (nasal lavages) was confirmed. The importance of pneumococcal vaccination in the prevention of AOM was reiterated with regard to the prevention of both the first episode of AOM and recurrences. Grommets can be inserted in selected cases of recurrent AOM that did not respond to all other prevention strategies. Antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended for the prevention of recurrent AOM, except in certain carefully selected cases. The use of complementary therapies, probiotics, xylitol and vitamin D is not recommended. CONCLUSIONS The prevention of episodes of AOM requires the elimination of risk factors and pneumococcal and influenza vaccination. The use of other products such as probiotics and vitamin D is not supported by adequate evidence.
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Atrushi A. The association of subclinical Vitamin D deficiency with severe acute lower respiratory infection in children under 5 years in Duhok. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF BABYLON 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_112_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Bayram A. The Role Of Vitamin D In Otolaryngological Diseases: Myth Or Truth. ENT UPDATES 2018. [DOI: 10.32448/entupdates.459029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Healthy changes in some cardiometabolic risk factors accompany the higher summertime serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in Iranian children: National Food and Nutrition Surveillance. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:2013-2021. [PMID: 29580303 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate seasonal variations of vitamin D status at different latitudes and if these changes are accompanied by corresponding variations in certain health parameters in children living in a broad latitudinal range in Iran. DESIGN Longitudinal study. SUBJECTS In total, 530 apparently healthy children aged 5-18 years were randomly selected from six regions of Iran with a latitudinal gradient from 29°N to 37·5°N. All anthropometric and biochemical assessments were performed twice during a year (summer, winter). High BMI (Z-score >1), low HDL cholesterol (150 mg/dl) were considered cardiometabolic risk factors. RESULTS Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) showed between-season variation, with significantly higher concentrations (mean (sd)) in summer v. winter (43 (29) v. 27 (18) nmol/l; P33°N v. <33°N: 4·5; 0·09, 9·0; P=0·04) were predictors of change of serum 25(OH)D between two seasons. CONCLUSIONS Summertime improvement of vitamin D status was accompanied by certain improved cardiometabolic risk factors, notably serum TAG, total cholesterol and BMI, in children.
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Guo LY, Li W, Cheng XF, Li HR, Sun CR, Guo J, Song GW, Cui XD, Zhang Q. Relationship Between Vitamin D Status and Viral Pneumonia in Children. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY IMMUNOLOGY AND PULMONOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/ped.2017.0750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Ying Guo
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Fen Cheng
- Central Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Ri Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Rong Sun
- Central Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Wei Song
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Dai Cui
- Central Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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Marom T, Marchisio P, Tamir SO, Torretta S, Gavriel H, Esposito S. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Treatment Options for Otitis Media: A Systematic Review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2695. [PMID: 26871802 PMCID: PMC4753897 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) has numerous presentations in children. Together with conventional medical therapies aimed to prevent and/or treat OM, a rising number of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatment options can be offered. Since OM is common in children, parents may ask healthcare professionals about possible CAM therapies. Many physicians feel that their knowledge is limited regarding these therapies, and that they desire some information. Therefore, we conducted a literature review of CAM therapies for OM, taking into account that many of these treatments, their validity and efficacy and have not been scientifically demonstrated.We performed a search in MEDLINE (accessed via PubMed) using the following terms: "CAM" in conjunction with "OM" and "children. Retrieved publications regarding treatment of OM in children which included these terms included randomized controlled trials, prospective/retrospective studies, and case studies.The following CAM options for OM treatment in children were considered: acupuncture, homeopathy, herbal medicine/phytotherapy, osteopathy, chiropractic, xylitol, ear candling, vitamin D supplement, and systemic and topical probiotics. We reviewed each treatment and described the level of scientific evidence of the relevant publications.The therapeutic approaches commonly associated with CAM are usually conservative, and do not include drugs or surgery. Currently, CAM is not considered by physicians a potential treatment of OM, as there is limited supporting evidence. Further studies are warranted in order to evaluate the potential value of CAM therapies for OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Marom
- From the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Zerifin, Israel (TM, HG); Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (PM, SE); Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Holon, Israel (SOT); and Otolaryngology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (ST)
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Esposito S, Lelii M. Vitamin D and respiratory tract infections in childhood. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:487. [PMID: 26521023 PMCID: PMC4628332 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) remain among of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality among children. Several studies have associated vitamin D deficiency with an increased risk of RTIs, and vitamin D supplementation has been proposed as a possible preventive measure against RTIs in children. The main aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence from the literature about the link between vitamin D and RTIs in children. DISCUSSION Several recent studies have shown that vitamin D has different immunomodulatory properties associated with the risk of RTIs in childhood. In this regard, it is very important to understand the definition of deficiency and insufficiency of vitamin D and when and how to treat this condition. Unfortunately, there is no consensus, although a level of at least 10 ng/mL 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25[OH]D) is thought to be necessary to promote bone mineralization and calcium homeostasis, and a concentration between 20 ng/mL and 50 ng/mL is considered adequate to provide an immunomodulatory effect. Available data support a role for vitamin D deficiency in the risk of pediatric tuberculosis, recurrent acute otitis media, and severe bronchiolitis, whereas further studies are needed to confirm an association in children with recurrent pharyngotonsillitis, acute rhinosinusitis and community-acquired pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS Maintenance of adequate vitamin D status may be an effective and inexpensive prophylactic method against some RTIs, but the supplementation regimen has not been clearly defined. Further clinical trials are needed to determine the 25(OH)D concentrations associated with an increased risk of RTIs and optimal vitamin D supplementation regimen according to the type of RTI while also taking into consideration vitamin D receptor polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Mara Lelii
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy.
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Vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of childhood acute respiratory infections: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:1026-34. [PMID: 26310436 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451500207x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Results from recent trials assessing the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the prevention of childhood acute respiratory infections (ARI) have been inconsistent. In the present study, we determined whether vitamin D supplementation prevents ARI in healthy children and repeated infections in children with previous ARI. We conducted a systematic literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The search included only randomised controlled clinical trials (RCT) comparing vitamin D supplementation with either placebo or no intervention in children younger than 18 years of age. We identified seven RCT and found that the summary estimates were not statistically significantly associated with a reduction in the risk of ARI (relative risk (RR) 0·79, 95% CI 0·55, 1·13), all-cause mortality (RR 1·18, 95% CI 0·71, 1·94), or the rate of hospital admission due to respiratory infection in healthy children (RR 0·95, 95% CI 0·72, 1·26). However, in children previously diagnosed with asthma, vitamin D supplementation resulted in a 74% reduction in the risk of asthma exacerbation (RR 0·26, 95% CI 0·11, 0·59; test of heterogeneity, I 2= 0·0%). Our findings indicate a lack of evidence supporting the routine use of vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of ARI in healthy children; however, they suggest that such supplementation may benefit children previously diagnosed with asthma. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies and possible publication biases related to this field, these results should be interpreted with caution.
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Lucas RM, Norval M, Neale RE, Young AR, de Gruijl FR, Takizawa Y, van der Leun JC. The consequences for human health of stratospheric ozone depletion in association with other environmental factors. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:53-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp90033b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ozone depletion, climate and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. M. Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health
- The Australian National University
- Canberra 2601
- Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute
| | - M. Norval
- Biomedical Sciences
- University of Edinburgh Medical School
- Edinburgh EH8 9AG
- UK
| | - R. E. Neale
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
- Brisbane 4029
- Australia
| | - A. R. Young
- King's College London (KCL)
- St John's Institute of Dermatology
- London SE1 9RT
- UK
| | - F. R. de Gruijl
- Department of Dermatology
- Leiden University Medical Centre
- NL-2300 RC Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - Y. Takizawa
- Akita University Graduate School of Medicine
- Akita Prefecture
- Japan
- National Institute for Minamata Diseases
- Kumamoto Prefecture
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Prenatal vitamin D₃ supplementation suppresses LL-37 peptide expression in ex vivo activated neonatal macrophages but not their killing capacity. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:908-15. [PMID: 25089537 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D has regulatory effects on innate immunity. In the present study, we aimed to assess the effect of prenatal vitamin D₃ (vitD₃) supplementation on neonatal innate immunity in a randomised, placebo-controlled trial by evaluating cathelicidin (LL-37) expression and the killing capacity of macrophages. Healthy pregnant women (n 129) attending a clinic in Dhaka were randomised to receive either a weekly oral dose of 0·875 mg vitD₃ or placebo starting from 26 weeks of gestation up to delivery. Serum, plasma and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were obtained from the cord blood. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was measured in serum. MDM were stimulated with or without Toll-like-receptor 4 ligand (TLR4L). Innate immune function was assessed by measuring LL-37 peptide levels in the culture supernatant of MDM by ELISA, LL-37 transcript levels by quantitative PCR, and ex vivo bactericidal capacity of MDM. VitD₃ supplementation did not increase LL-37 peptide levels in plasma or in the extracellular fluid of macrophages with or without TLR4L induction. However, stimulated intracellular LL-37 expression (ratio of stimulated:unstimulated MDM) was significantly reduced in the vitamin D group v. placebo (P=0·02). Multivariate-adjusted analyses showed that intracellular LL-37 peptide concentration from stimulated MDM was inversely associated with 25(OH)D concentration in serum (P=0·03). TLR4L stimulation increased the bactericidal capacity of MDM compared with the unstimulated ones (P=0·01); however, there was no difference in killing capacity between the two groups. A weekly dose of 0·875 mg vitD₃ to healthy pregnant women suppressed the intracellular LL-37 peptide stores of activated macrophages, but did not significantly affect the ex vivo bactericidal capacity of cord blood MDM.
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Marchisio P, Nazzari E, Torretta S, Esposito S, Principi N. Medical prevention of recurrent acute otitis media: an updated overview. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 12:611-20. [PMID: 24678887 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2014.899902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common pediatric diseases; almost all children experience at least one episode, and a third have two or more episodes in the first three years of life. The disease burden of AOM has important medical, social and economic effects. AOM requires considerable financial assistance due to needing at least one doctor visit and a prescription for antipyretics and/or antibiotics. AOM is also associated with high indirect costs, which are mostly related to lost days of work for one parent. Moreover, due to its acute symptoms and frequent recurrences, AOM considerably impacts both the child and family's quality of life. AOM prevention, particularly recurrent AOM (rAOM), is a primary goal of pediatric practice. In this paper, we review current evidence regarding the efficacy of medical treatments and vaccines for preventing rAOM and suggest the best approaches for AOM-prone children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Marchisio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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