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Scott S, Brameier DT, Tryggedsson I, Suneja N, Stenquist DS, Weaver MJ, von Keudell A. Intimate partner violence: An updated review of prevalence, identification, and screening tools for orthopaedic surgeons and training in medical education. Injury 2024; 55:111800. [PMID: 39121806 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence is an overlooked, underestimated, and under reported cause of musculoskeletal injury. This literature review aims to provide an updated overview of the prevalence of IPV, along with the identification and screening tools available to orthopaedic surgeons for early detection and intervention. Additionally, the review discusses the importance of training in medical education for orthopaedic surgeons to effectively recognize and address IPV. Through an analysis of current research and best practices, this review highlights the need for increased awareness, education, and collaboration among healthcare professionals to effectively address IPV as a public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Scott
- Harvard University, Human Evolutionary Biology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Devon T Brameier
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ida Tryggedsson
- Bispebjerg Hospital, Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nishant Suneja
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Michael J Weaver
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston, MA, USA
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Gris JC, Nikolaeva MG, Khizroeva J, Bitsadze V, Makatsariya A, Ripart S, Perez-Martin A. Is intimate partner abuse underestimated as a precipitating factor for venous thromboembolism in women? J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:3203-3206. [PMID: 37598883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Major and minor trauma increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), but violence against young women is not reported as a precipitating factor for thrombosis. Here, we report 20 cases of first VTE events in women of childbearing age after evidence of intimate partner violence. Other risk factors for VTE were often associated. In most cases, women did not report this state of violence at the first consultation and their doctors did not suspect it. We imagine that it is an underdiagnosed situation and should call for a systematic evaluation. Screening for intimate partner abuse could have significant consequences, both on protecting women who are affected by it and better evaluating the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant treatment in this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Gris
- Department of Haematology, CHU Nîmes, Univ Montpellier, Nîmes, France; Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France; UMR UA11 INSERM IDESP - Montpellier University, Montpellier, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | | | - Jamilya Khizroeva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victoria Bitsadze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Makatsariya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sylvie Ripart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CHU Nîmes, Univ Montpellier, Nîmes, France
| | - Antonia Perez-Martin
- UMR UA11 INSERM IDESP - Montpellier University, Montpellier, France; Department of Vascular Medicine, CHU Nîmes, Univ Montpellier, Nîmes, France
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Anyango C, Goicolea I, Namatovu F. Women with disabilities' experiences of intimate partner violence: a qualitative study from Sweden. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:381. [PMID: 37474929 PMCID: PMC10360297 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a prevalent form of gender-based violence affecting one in three women globally. It is also a preventable cause of ill-health, disability, and death. Current research suggests that women with disabilities are at a significantly higher risk of experiencing violence throughout their lifetime. They are almost twice as likely to experience violence compared to men with disabilities or men and women without disabilities. Additionally, they experience higher rates of all types of violence. This increased vulnerability may be due to factors related to disability such as dependence on others for support, mistrust, and social and physical isolation. Although there is existing research on IPV against women in general, there is limited knowledge on IPV against women with disabilities. To address this gap in knowledge, this study aimed to explore women with disabilities' perceptions and experiences of being victims/survivors of IPV in Sweden. METHODS This was a qualitative study conducted through in-depth interviews with eleven women with disabilities. The participants were aged eighteen years upwards. The collected data was analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis with a constructivist epistemological standpoint. RESULTS We developed four themes. Theme one: "multiple abuse by multiple abusers, over time," describes the participants' experiences of various types of violence from different perpetrators for prolonged periods. Theme two: "psychological abuse-harmful, but neglected and difficult to prove," explains how women with disabilities' perceive psychological abuse as harmful, but not given the same level of seriousness as physical violence. It also expresses the difficulties they encountered in providing tangible evidence to prove instances of psychological abuse. Theme three: "abuse does not end with separation," highlights how abuse can continue beyond separation/divorce. Theme four: "surviving abusive relationships" describes the different and evolving ways the participants used to navigate their abusive relationships. CONCLUSIONS Women with disabilities face all forms of abuse. They find it challenging to prove psychological abuse, and the system is inadequate in addressing its harm. The abuse also continues after separation or divorce. The support system should consider the needs of women with disabilities who experience violence, both during and after the abusive relationship. Service providers should be better equipped to detect and handle all types of IPV, especially psychological abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cartrine Anyango
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Isabel Goicolea
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fredinah Namatovu
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Social media jealousy and intimate partner violence in young adults’ romantic relationships: A longitudinal study. TELEMATICS AND INFORMATICS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2023.101956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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Kita S, Kamibeppu K, Saint Arnault D. "Knitting Together the Lines Broken Apart": Recovery Process to Integration among Japanese Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12504. [PMID: 36231808 PMCID: PMC9566111 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study used narrative interviewing and grounded theory analysis to discover the phases of trauma integration for Japanese women who had experienced intimate partner violence (IPV). METHOD We interviewed 23 Japanese women who had experienced IPV using the Clinical Ethnographic Narrative Interviews (CENI) from November 2017 to September 2018 in Tokyo, Japan. The data from 11 participants who had achieved trauma integration using the Trauma Recovery Rubric were analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach. RESULTS Six phases of the trauma integration journey after IPV were discovered: (1) Chaos, (2) Burning out, (3) Focusing, (4) Challenging, (5) Deepening insights, and (6) Re-building. The survivors described the processes of exploration of themselves and their reactions to their concurrent challenges. They focused on finding ways to protect, re-discover, and re-embrace themselves by healing from physical, psychological, and spiritual distresses. They also rebuilt relationships with others and acquired knowledge and skills to achieve a new life. Notably, the primary components of their recovery processes were changes in self-perception and self-interpretation of the trauma itself and its impacts on one's life and within oneself from multiple angles. In addition, traditional Japanese norms and gender roles, such as beliefs concerning the "ideal life of a woman" and fear of not behaving differently from others, profoundly influenced their recovery process. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of incorporating individuals' cultures and their phase, needs, and personal self-development timeframes when developing trauma integration interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Kita
- Department of Family Nursing, Division of Health Sciences & Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1130003, Japan
- Department of Health Quality and Outcome Research, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kamibeppu
- Department of Family Nursing, Division of Health Sciences & Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1130003, Japan
- Department of Health Quality and Outcome Research, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
- Graduate Programs in Family Nursing, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo 1078402, Japan
| | - Denise Saint Arnault
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Cavanagh A, Kimber M, MacMillan HL, Ritz SA, Vanstone M. Conceptualizing Physicians' Roles in Addressing Intimate Partner Violence: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Resources for Canadian Physicians. Violence Against Women 2022:10778012221114922. [PMID: 35989661 DOI: 10.1177/10778012221114922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Resources addressing intimate partner violence (IPV) play a role in shaping how physicians conceptualize and perform their roles in caring for affected patients. This study combines environmental scanning with critical discourse analysis (CDA) to parse how roles of physicians were represented in 28 education materials and policy documents about IPV, taking the Canadian training milieu as an example. We developed a cyclical model of three core physician roles in addressing IPV-learning about IPV, identifying patients experiencing IPV, and responding to patients' disclosures of IPV. The construction of these physician roles is suggestive of an ongoing process of medicalization of IPV.
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Loncar N, Scott KL. “The Average Counsellor Wouldn’t Know”: Exploring How General Health Practitioners Understand and Respond to Domestic Violence. Can J Nurs Res 2022; 55:153-164. [PMID: 35726162 PMCID: PMC10061613 DOI: 10.1177/08445621221107296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals experiencing and perpetrating intimate partner violence (IPV) are frequently in contact with general health and mental health services. Health service providers, including nurses, thus have a key role in identifying and responding to initial indicators of IPV risk. Purpose The present study provides descriptive information about current assessment and intervention practices of health and mental health service providers when patients are presenting with concerns about IPV. Methods A secondary data analysis of interviews with general health practitioners (n = 17) were coded and dominant themes analyzed through thematic analysis. Results The present study uncovered ways in which IPV-related risks are, and are not, recognized and responded to. A metaphorical visual display in the form of a “domestic violence supply room” depicts the level of access and degree of competency described by practitioners in respective areas of practice. Within reach for all practitioners is the knowledge of factors that increase risk and vulnerability to IPV. Out of reach is a comprehensive understanding of the needs of children and perpetrators as well as the consistent ability to consider intersectionality and be reflexive when working with culturally and linguistically diverse populations. The step ladder to improved IPV response, including formal supports such as training and procedures, is frequently described as lacking. Conclusions A consistent and empirically supported approach to IPV assessment and response is rare to find across generalist service provision. Although service providers possess basic knowledge of risk factors, organizational direction is needed to allow providers to address IPV confidently and effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Loncar
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katreena L. Scott
- Faculty of Applied Psychology, Centre for Research & Education on Violence Against Women and Children, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Paterson J, Prah P, Tautolo ES, Iusitini L. Pacific Islands Families Study: Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence Among Pacific Mothers. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:2598-2614. [PMID: 32659146 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520938510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread social problem affecting all populations regardless of gender, race, and socioeconomic status. The aims of this study were to examine (a) patterns of IPV among Pacific women living in New Zealand and (b) the risk and protective factors associated with IPV perpetration and victimization. As part of the longitudinal Pacific Islands Families (PIF) Study, maternal interviews, which included reports about IPV, acculturation, and sociodemographic characteristics, were administered at phases 6 weeks, 2, 6, 11, and 14 years postpartum. Age had a significant effect on perpetration of both minor and severe perpetration of IPV, and on being a victim of minor IPV. However, no significant effect was found for severe victimization. Cultural alignment also had a significant effect on perpetration of IPV with Pacific mothers who were strongly aligned to their traditional Pacific culture being significantly less likely to report minor or severe IPV perpetration compared with Pacific mothers who were closely aligned to western culture. Single mothers reported significantly more minor victimization, and those mothers who were more highly educated and were in a higher income bracket were significantly less likely to report severe physical IPV victimization. These findings can inform the timing and targeting of culturally appropriate violence prevention efforts in adolescence and young adulthood that focus on the development of healthy intimate partner relationships and effective methods of conflict resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Prah
- Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
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Comacchio C, Antolini G, Ruggeri M, Colizzi M. Gender-Oriented Mental Health Prevention: A Reappraisal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1493. [PMID: 35162515 PMCID: PMC8835536 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the impact of gender on mental health, but only a few have addressed gender differences in mental health risk and prevention. We conducted a narrative review to assess the current state of knowledge on gender-specific mental health preventive interventions, along with an analysis of gender-based risk factors and available screening strategies. Out of 1598 articles screened using a comprehensive electronic search of the PubMed, Web-of-Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases, 53 were included for review. Among risk factors for mental health problems, there are individual, familiar, social, and healthcare factors. Individual factors include childhood adversities, which show gender differences in distribution rates. However, current childhood abuse prevention programs are not gender-specific. Familiar factors for mental health problems include maternity issues and intimate partner violence, and for both, some gender-specific preventive interventions are available. Social risk factors for mental health problems are related to education, employment, discrimination, and relationships. They all display gender differences, but these differences are rarely taken into account in mental health prevention programs. Lastly, despite gender differences in mental health service use being widely known, mental health services appear to be slow in developing strategies that guarantee equal access to care for all individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Antolini
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy;
| | - Mirella Ruggeri
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Marco Colizzi
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
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Stewart DE, MacMillan H, Kimber M. Recognizing and Responding to Intimate Partner Violence: An Update. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2021; 66:71-106. [PMID: 32777936 PMCID: PMC7890590 DOI: 10.1177/0706743720939676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donna E Stewart
- University Professor, Department of Psychiatry, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Head of Research and Academic Development, Centre for Mental Health, Senior Scientist, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Ethics and Review Committee, World Psychiatric Association, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Harriet MacMillan
- Distinguished University Professor, Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, and Pediatrics, and Chedoke Health Chair in Child Psychiatry, Offord Centre for Child Studies, 3710McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Kimber
- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences and Core Member of the Offord Centre for Child Studies, 3710McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Jackson KT, Mantler T, Jackson B, Walsh EJ, Baer J, Parkinson S. Exploring mothers' experiences of trauma and violence-informed cognitive behavioural therapy following intimate partner violence: a qualitative case analysis. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2020; 41:308-316. [PMID: 31902267 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2019.1707799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive public health issue impacting one in three women, worldwide. Broadly defined as any act of coercive control within the context of an intimate relationship, IPV often results in significant negative health outcomes. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a mainstay treatment for relational trauma, has particular relevance for women undergoing the many transformations associated with the perinatal period. The findings of this case analysis build upon existing literature supporting the positive impact of Trauma and Violence- Informed CBT (TVICBT) for women who have experienced IPV and are living with mental health challenges. METHODS As part of a larger mixed-methods study, three women who experienced IPV and received TVICBT during pregnancy participated in in-depth, semi-structured interviews to determine the perceived value and acceptability of this intervention. FINDINGS Insights gained herein, serve to enrich current evidence, suggesting that TVICBT provided during pregnancy may hold promise for the treatment of IPV-related mood and anxiety disorders. CONCLUSIONS Given that improved perinatal mental health has been linked to enhanced maternal resiliency and quality of life, greater maternal-infant attachment, and positive child health outcomes, this research has the potential to bridge the critical knowledge gap at the intersection of motherhood, trauma, and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tara Mantler
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Brianna Jackson
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Edmund J Walsh
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Jessi Baer
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, Canada
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Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is common worldwide and occurs in more than one-third of American women and psychiatric patients. As well as physical injuries, it may cause mental health sequelae, such as depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychosis, inability to trust others, self-harm, and a host of psychosomatic conditions, that may be referred to psychiatrists. It is imperative that psychiatrists know the risk factors, how to assist disclosure of IPV, and how to safely respond. Psychiatrists must know the best evidence-based management of IPV and its mental health sequelae to best assist patients who have been exposed to IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Eileen Stewart
- University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, EN-7-229, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, 200 Elizabeth Street, 7EN-229, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada; Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, 7EN-229, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada.
| | - Simone Natalie Vigod
- University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, EN-7-229, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada; Women's College Hospital and Research Institute, 76 Grenville Street, Room 7234, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1B2, Canada
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Kita S, Haruna M, Matsuzaki M, Kamibeppu K. Does Antenatal Social Support Affect the Relationships Between Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy And Perinatal Mental Health? Violence Against Women 2019; 26:573-589. [DOI: 10.1177/1077801219835052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) causes adverse perinatal mental health outcomes; however, few studies have identified why. We focused on antenatal social support to reveal how it affects the relationship between IPV during pregnancy and mental health outcomes. A prospective cohort study was conducted during the third trimester and 1-month postnatal. The relationship between IPV during pregnancy and antenatal depressive symptoms, which were associated with mother–infant bonding failure and postnatal depressive symptoms, was affected by mother’s satisfaction with antenatal social support. Perceived social support for abused women must be increased to prevent antenatal depressive symptoms and adverse postnatal mental health outcomes.
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Barker LC, Stewart DE, Vigod SN. Intimate Partner Sexual Violence: An Often Overlooked Problem. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2018; 28:363-374. [PMID: 30335574 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2017.6811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) is a common but often overlooked form of intimate partner violence (IPV) that may have unique consequences for those who experience it. We aimed to explore how outcomes associated with IPSV differ from outcomes associated with other forms of intimate partner and sexual violence. METHODS We conducted a narrative review of the English-language literature, including original research studies and reports that focused on outcomes associated with IPSV. We aimed to quantify the risk for health outcomes associated with exposure to IPSV in comparison with exposure to other forms of interpersonal violence or nonexposure to interpersonal violence. RESULTS Twenty-eight publications were reviewed, most were small observational studies focused on women exposed to IPSV. Reported outcomes were related to mental health (n = 20 studies), physical and sexual health (n = 19 studies), and health of children with a parent exposed to IPSV (n = 1 study). Compared with other forms of interpersonal violence, exposure to IPSV was associated with greater risk for posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms, problematic substance use, suicidality, pain and other somatic symptoms, adverse sexual health problems, specific physical injuries including strangulation, and death by homicide. Children with an exposed parent were at higher risk for internalizing symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and somatization. CONCLUSIONS Sexual violence in intimate partner relationships is common and has distinct consequences compared with other forms of interpersonal violence including elevated risks for suicidality and death by homicide. It should be given special consideration within the assessment and management of interpersonal violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donna E Stewart
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada .,2 Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada
| | - Simone N Vigod
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada .,3 Department of Psychiatry, Women's College Hospital and Research Institute , Toronto, Canada
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Field S, Onah M, van Heyningen T, Honikman S. Domestic and intimate partner violence among pregnant women in a low resource setting in South Africa: a facility-based, mixed methods study. BMC Womens Health 2018; 18:119. [PMID: 29973182 PMCID: PMC6030741 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-018-0612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of violence against women are reported to be highest in Africa compared to other continents. We aimed to determine associations between mental illness, demographic, psychosocial and economic factors with experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) among pregnant women in a low resource setting in Cape Town and to explore the contextual elements pertaining to domestic violence. METHODS We recruited adult women attending antenatal services at a primary-level maternity facility. Demographic, socioeconomic and psychosocial data were collected by questionnaire. The Expanded Mini- International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) Version 5.0.0 was used to assess mental health status and the Revised Conflict Tactic Scale (CTS2) used to assess IPV in the six months prior to the study. Non-parametric tests, Wilcoxon sum of rank test, Fisher Exact and two sample T test and multicollinearity tests were performed. Descriptive, bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify associations between the outcome of interest and key predictors. A probability value of p ≤ 0.05 was selected. From counselling case notes, a thematic content analysis was conducted to describe contextual factors pertaining to forms of domestic violence (DV). RESULTS The prevalence of IPV was 15% of a sample of 376 women. Women who were food insecure, unemployed, in stable but unmarried relationships, had experienced any form of past abuse and were not pleased about the current pregnancy were more likely to experience IPV. MINI-defined mental health problems and a history of mental illness were significantly associated with IPV. Qualitative analysis of 95 counselling case notes revealed that DV within the household was not limited to intimate partners and, DV in this context was often perceived as 'normal' behaviour by the participants. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes towards a greater understanding of the risk profile for IPV amongst pregnant women in low-income settings. Adversity, including food insecurity and mental ill-health are closely associated with IPV during the antenatal period. Advocates against violence against pregnant women are advised to consider that violence in the home may be perpetrated by non-intimate partners and may by enabled by a pervasive belief in the acceptability of the violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Field
- Perinatal Mental Health Project, Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Building B, 46 Sawkins Road, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
| | - Michael Onah
- Perinatal Mental Health Project, Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Building B, 46 Sawkins Road, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Thandi van Heyningen
- Perinatal Mental Health Project, Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Building B, 46 Sawkins Road, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
| | - Simone Honikman
- Perinatal Mental Health Project, Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Building B, 46 Sawkins Road, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
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Wathen CN, MacGregor JCD, MacQuarrie BJ. Relationships Among Intimate Partner Violence, Work, and Health. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2018; 33:2268-2290. [PMID: 26792825 DOI: 10.1177/0886260515624236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health problem, and recent attention has focused on its impact on workers and workplaces. We provide findings from a pan-Canadian online survey on the relationships among IPV, work, and health. In total, 8,429 people completed the survey, 95.5% of them in English and 78.4% female. Reflecting the recruitment strategy, most (95.4%) were currently working, and unionized (81.4%). People with any lifetime IPV experience reported significantly poorer general health, mental health, and quality of life; those with both recent IPV and IPV experience over 12 months ago had the poorest health. Among those who had experienced IPV, about half reported that violence occurred at or near the workplace, and these people generally had poorer health outcomes. Employment status moderated the relationship between IPV exposure and health status, with those who were currently working and had experienced IPV having similar health status to those without IPV experience who were not employed. While there were gender differences in IPV experience, in the impacts of IPV at work, and in health status, gender did not moderate any associations. In this very large data set, we found robust relationships among different kinds of IPV exposure (current, recent, and lifetime), health and quality of life, and employment status, including the potentially protective effect of current employment on health for both women and men. Our findings may have implications for strategies to address IPV in workplaces, and should reinforce emerging evidence that IPV is also an occupational health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nadine Wathen
- 1 Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- 2 PreVAiL Research Network
- 3 Centre for Research and Education on Violence Against Women and Children, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer C D MacGregor
- 1 Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- 2 PreVAiL Research Network
- 3 Centre for Research and Education on Violence Against Women and Children, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara J MacQuarrie
- 1 Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- 3 Centre for Research and Education on Violence Against Women and Children, London, Ontario, Canada
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Jackson KT, Parkinson S, Jackson B, Mantler T. Examining the Impact of Trauma-Informed Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Perinatal Mental Health Outcomes Among Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence (The PATH Study): Protocol for a Feasibility Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2018; 7:e134. [PMID: 29802091 PMCID: PMC5993975 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.9820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive public health problem, impacting the health and quality of life of survivors worldwide. The trauma of IPV is associated with a high incidence of mental illness, namely depressive and anxiety disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Moreover, literature endorses cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions as a gold standard for those with symptomatology consistent with anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and PTSD. However, efficacy has not been evaluated among a population of pregnant survivors of IPV. Objective We present the protocol that will be used to explore the efficacy of trauma-informed cognitive behavioral therapy on maternal and child health outcomes for pregnant women with PTSD, depression, or anxiety symptomatology resulting from IPV. A secondary aim will be to test the validity and feasibility of study methodology to support the successful implementation of a full-scale randomized controlled trial. Methods The Promoting Attachment Through Healing (PATH) study will use a mixed-methods approach grounded in an intersectional feminist framework to explore the effectiveness of trauma-informed CBT for pregnant survivors of IPV. Study participants will be recruited through the hospital-based Perinatal Mental Health Clinic (London, Ontario, Canada). A feasibility sample of 20 pregnant women (cohort 1) will be selected to engage in an eight-session antenatal CBT intervention facilitated by the program’s perinatal clinical nurse specialist, with evaluation at baseline, at two months postpartum (intervention and online questionnaire), and at six and twelve months postpartum (online questionnaire only). Concurrently, we will conduct a retrospective audit of 100 medical charts (cohort 2; 50 charts of perinatal women who received CBT and 50 charts of women who did not receive perinatal CBT) from the past five years. The efficacy of the intervention will be based on a reduction of mental illness symptomatology, improved maternal-infant attachment, maternal coping, and maternal quality of life. Additionally, the feasibility of the protocol and acceptability of the intervention from the women’s perspective will be examined. Inductive content analysis of all qualitative data will be used to determine common themes. Additionally, descriptive statistics, including measures of central tendency and dispersion, will be computed for all continuous variables. Alternatively, frequency tables will be constructed for all categorical variables. Results The work reported here is in the proposal phase. Once the protocol is implemented, we will report the results in a follow-up paper. Participant recruitment for cohort 1 has started and we have finished data collection for cohort 2. It is anticipated that the results will be available by the end of 2018. Conclusions Findings will assess the acceptability of the study methodology and protocol for a full-scale randomized controlled trial. Furthermore, if CBT is proven effective for pregnant survivors of IPV, this intervention could be readily adopted by health care and social support services, thereby contributing to an improved standard of care for this unique population. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03536442; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03536442 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6zeurv1ay) Registered Report Identifier RR1-10.2196/9820
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley T Jackson
- Labatt School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Brianna Jackson
- Labatt School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tara Mantler
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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MacGregor JCD, Wathen CN, MacQuarrie BJ. Resources for domestic violence in the Canadian workplace: Results of a pan-Canadian survey. JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2017.1349612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C. D. MacGregor
- Faculty of Information & Media Studies, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Centre for Research and Education on Violence against Women and Children, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - C. Nadine Wathen
- Faculty of Information & Media Studies, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Centre for Research and Education on Violence against Women and Children, London, Ontario, Canada
- PreVAiL Research Network, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara J. MacQuarrie
- Centre for Research and Education on Violence against Women and Children, London, Ontario, Canada
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Stewart DE, Chandra PS. WPA International Competency-Based Curriculum for Mental Health Providers on Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Violence Against Women. World Psychiatry 2017; 16:223-224. [PMID: 28498592 PMCID: PMC5428184 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Donna E Stewart
- University Health Network Centre for Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Prabha S Chandra
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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20
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Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is common worldwide and occurs in more than one-third of American women and psychiatric patients. As well as physical injuries, it may cause mental health sequelae, such as depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychosis, inability to trust others, self-harm, and a host of psychosomatic conditions, that may be referred to psychiatrists. It is imperative that psychiatrists know the risk factors, how to assist disclosure of IPV, and how to safely respond. Psychiatrists must know the best evidence-based management of IPV and its mental health sequelae to best assist patients who have been exposed to IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Eileen Stewart
- University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, EN-7-229, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, 200 Elizabeth Street, 7EN-229, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada; Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, 7EN-229, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada.
| | - Simone Natalie Vigod
- University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, EN-7-229, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada; Women's College Hospital and Research Institute, 76 Grenville Street, Room 7234, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1B2, Canada
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21
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Stewart DE, Vigod SN, MacMillan HL, Chandra PS, Han A, Rondon MB, MacGregor JCD, Riazantseva E. Current Reports on Perinatal Intimate Partner Violence. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2017; 19:26. [PMID: 28417270 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-017-0778-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this study was to review the literature on perinatal intimate partner violence, focusing on recent knowledge to guide mental health professionals on the best approaches to identify and treat women exposed to perinatal intimate partner violence. RECENT FINDINGS Risk factors have been broadened from individual victim and perpetrator factors to include relationship, community, and societal factors which interact together. Better information is now available on how to identify, document, and treat women exposed to violence around the time of conception, pregnancy, and the postpartum period. Recent information helps psychiatrists and other mental health professionals assist women exposed to violence related to the perinatal period; however, further research is needed to provide improved evidence for optimal interventions for better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna E Stewart
- University Health Network Centre for Mental Health, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, EN-7-229, Toronto, ON, M5G2C4, Canada.
| | - Simone N Vigod
- Women's College Hospital and Research Institute and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Harriet L MacMillan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, and of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Prabha S Chandra
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bengaluru, India
| | - Alice Han
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marta B Rondon
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Unit, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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22
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Oram S, Khalifeh H, Howard LM. Violence against women and mental health. Lancet Psychiatry 2017; 4:159-170. [PMID: 27856393 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Violence against women is widely recognised as a violation of human rights and a public health problem. In this Series paper, we argue that violence against women is also a prominent public mental health problem, and that mental health professionals should be identifying, preventing, and responding to violence against women more effectively. The most common forms of violence against women are domestic abuse and sexual violence, and victimisation is associated with an increased risk of mental disorder. Despite clinical guidance on the role of mental health professionals in identifying violence against women and responding appropriately, poor identification persists and can lead to non-engagement with services and poor response to treatment. We highlight that little research has been done on how to improve identification and treatment of victims and perpetrators in contact with mental health services, but that mental health services could play a major role in primary and secondary prevention of violence against women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Oram
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Hind Khalifeh
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Louise M Howard
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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23
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MacGregor JCD, Wathen CN, Olszowy LP, Saxton MD, MacQuarrie BJ. Gender Differences in Workplace Disclosure and Supports for Domestic Violence: Results of a Pan-Canadian Survey. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2016; 31:1135-1154. [PMID: 27641211 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-15-00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although domestic violence is increasingly identified as a workplace issue, little is known about workplace supports and the role of gender in workplace disclosure experiences. Using a subset of 2,831 people who experienced domestic violence, we examined (a) who discloses at work and to whom, and reasons for not disclosing; (b) helpfulness of disclosure recipients, including types of supports received; and (c) overall outcomes of disclosing, including negative consequences. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. More than 40% of participants disclosed domestic violence at work, usually to coworkers or supervisors. They received various supports which were generally seen as helpful. Although not common, negative consequences of disclosure were reported. Men were less likely to disclose, but few other gender differences emerged. Implications for improving workplace supports are discussed.
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McTavish JR, MacGregor JCD, Wathen CN, MacMillan HL. Children's exposure to intimate partner violence: an overview. Int Rev Psychiatry 2016; 28:504-518. [PMID: 27414209 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2016.1205001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Children's exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with significant emotional impairment and other harmful effects. It is increasingly recognized as a type of child maltreatment, with outcomes similar to other types of abuse and neglect. Children can experience harm from exposure to IPV, even when not directly involved in, or a witness to, the violence between caregivers. This review, based on a synthesis of best available evidence, addresses the epidemiology of children's exposure to IPV, including prevalence, risk and protective factors, and associated impairment, as well as strategies for identification, and interventions for prevention of exposure and impairment. Strategies for ensuring children's safety are also discussed. The article concludes with guidance specific to mental health clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill R McTavish
- a Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences and of Pediatrics , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada
| | - Jen C D MacGregor
- b Faculty of Information & Media Studies , Western University , London , ON , Canada
| | - C Nadine Wathen
- b Faculty of Information & Media Studies , Western University , London , ON , Canada
| | - Harriet L MacMillan
- c Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada
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25
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Kita S, Haruna M, Matsuzaki M, Kamibeppu K. Associations between intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy, mother-to-infant bonding failure, and postnatal depressive symptoms. Arch Womens Ment Health 2016; 19:623-34. [PMID: 26803782 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-016-0603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the associations between intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy, mother-to-infant bonding failure, and postnatal depressive symptoms at 1 month postnatal. This study also examined if these relationships would be mediated by antenatal depressive symptoms. This study was a prospective cohort study that investigated effects between the third trimester of pregnancy and 1 month after childbirth. The Japanese version of the Index of Spouse Abuse (ISA), the Japanese version of the Mother-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS), and the Japanese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used to measure IPV during pregnancy, bonding failure with infants, and depressive symptoms during pregnancy and the postnatal period respectively. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to find the associations between those four variables. The final path model of the SEM showed good fit with the data. IPV during pregnancy was associated with mother-to-infant bonding failure at 1 month postnatal, whereas IPV during pregnancy was not significantly associated with postnatal depressive symptoms at 1 month postnatal. In addition, this study demonstrated that the associations between IPV during pregnancy, mother-to-infant bonding failure, and postnatal depressive symptoms at 1 month postnatal were mediated by antenatal depressive symptoms. The results of this study indicated the need for interventions for IPV and psychological health care for abused pregnant women to prevent antenatal depressive symptoms in prenatal health settings. Those interventions by perinatal health professionals would help to prevent bonding failure with infants and postnatal depressive symptoms after childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Kita
- Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, Division of Health Sciences & Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Family Nursing, Division of Health Sciences & Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Haruna
- Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, Division of Health Sciences & Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Masayo Matsuzaki
- Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, Division of Health Sciences & Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kamibeppu
- Department of Family Nursing, Division of Health Sciences & Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Kita S, Haruna M, Hikita N, Matsuzaki M, Kamibeppu K. Development of the Japanese version of the Woman Abuse Screening Tool-Short. Nurs Health Sci 2016; 19:35-43. [DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Kita
- Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Family Nursing, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Megumi Haruna
- Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Naoko Hikita
- Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masayo Matsuzaki
- Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kamibeppu
- Department of Family Nursing, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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Stewart DE, Vigod S, Riazantseva E. New Developments in Intimate Partner Violence and Management of Its Mental Health Sequelae. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2016; 18:4. [PMID: 26711508 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-015-0644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health and human rights problem that causes physical, sexual and psychological harms to men and women. IPV includes physical aggression, sexual coercion, psychological abuse and/or controlling behaviours perpetrated by a current or previous intimate partner in a heterosexual or same-sex relationship. IPV affects both men and women, but women are disproportionately affected with nearly one third reporting IPV during their lifetime. Physical and sexual harms from IPV include injury, increased risk for sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy complications and sometimes death. Psychological consequences include depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, impulsivity and suicidality and non-specific physical complaints thought to be related to the traumatic nature and chronic stress of IPV. Children who witness IPV are also negatively impacted in the short and long term. This paper reviews prevalence, risk factors, adverse effects and current evidence-based mental health treatment advice for IPV victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna E Stewart
- UHN Centre for Mental Health, Toronto General Research Institute, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, EN-7-229, Toronto, M5G2C4, Ontario, Canada. .,Women's Health Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Simone Vigod
- Shirley Brown Clinician Scientist in Women's Mental Health, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Stewart DE, Aviles R, Guedes A, Riazantseva E, MacMillan H. Latin American and Caribbean countries' baseline clinical and policy guidelines for responding to intimate partner violence and sexual violence against women. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:665. [PMID: 26173722 PMCID: PMC4502608 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Violence against women is a global public health problem with negative effects on physical, mental, and reproductive health. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence (SV) as major targets for prevention and amelioration and recently developed clinical and policy guidelines to assist healthcare providers. This project was undertaken to determine the 2013 baseline national policies and clinical guidelines on IPV and SV within the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region to identify strengths and gaps requiring action. Methods Each Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization Regional Office for the Americas (PAHO/WHO) country focal point was contacted to request their current national policy and clinical guidelines (protocol) on IPV/SV. We augmented this by searching the internet and the United Nations Women website. Each country’s policy and clinical guideline (where available) was reviewed and entered into a scoring matrix based on WHO Clinical and Policy Guidelines. A total score for each heading and subheading was developed by adding positive responses to identify LAC regional strengths and gaps. Results We obtained 15 national policies and 12 national clinical guidelines (protocols) from a total of 18 countries (“response” rate 66.7 %). National policies were comprehensive in terms of physical, emotional, and sexual violence and recommended good intersectoral collaboration. The greatest gap was in the training of health-care providers. National Guidelines for women-centered care for IPV/SV survivors were strong in the vital areas of privacy, confidentiality, danger assessment, safety planning, and supportive reactions to disclosure. The largest gaps noted were again in training healthcare professionals and strengthening monitoring and evaluation of services. Conclusions Baseline measurement of policy and clinical guidelines for IPV/SV in LAC PAHO/WHO member countries at the time of issuing the 2013 WHO Clinical and Policy Guidelines reveals some important strengths, but also serious gaps that need to be addressed. The most pressing needs are for concerted training initiatives for healthcare providers and strengthening multisectoral monitoring and evaluation of services. A future evaluation of national policies, clinical guidelines, monitoring and evaluation will need to be conducted to measure the progress of the required scaling-up process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna E Stewart
- University Health Network, Centre for Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | - Alessandra Guedes
- Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization Regional Office for the Americas, Washington, DC, USA.
| | | | - Harriet MacMillan
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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Shanthakumari RS, Chandra PS, Riazantseva E, Stewart DE. 'Difficulties come to humans and not trees and they need to be faced': a study on resilience among Indian women experiencing intimate partner violence. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2014; 60:703-10. [PMID: 24351964 DOI: 10.1177/0020764013513440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Not much is known about factors that contribute to resilience among women facing intimate partner violence (IPV), particularly from countries where patriarchy predominates. This qualitative study aimed to gather the perspectives of Indian women self-identified as resilient in the face of IPV and tried to understand the strategies and resources that helped them to maintain or regain resilience. MATERIALS Data were collected from 16 consenting women who reported IPV and whose husbands were being treated for alcohol problems at a psychiatric centre in Bangalore, India. A semi-structured guided interview format that aimed at understanding factors that enabled them to feel resilient despite IPV in their challenging circumstances was used to gather narratives from the participants. DISCUSSION Six themes were identified using QSR NVivo software. They were as follows: the support of women, men and family; personal attributes; dignity and work; being strong for the children; and faith in God. Among these women, supportive social networks, personal attributes and aspirations were major clusters contributing to resilience. CONCLUSION Attention to these factors may provide an important, strengths-based perspective for interventions to enhance women's resilience when facing IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shobitha Shanthakumari
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Prabha S Chandra
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Ekaterina Riazantseva
- Women's Health Program, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Donna E Stewart
- Women's Health Program, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Colucci E, Hassan G. Prevention of domestic violence against women and children in low-income and middle-income countries. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2014; 27:350-7. [PMID: 25033276 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Violence against women and children is increasingly recognized as an important and urgent public health, social and human rights issue cutting across geographical, socioeconomic and cultural boundaries. There is a large and growing body of literature that demonstrates the negative impact of such violence on the victim's mental and physical health, as well as several other consequences on them, their families and communities. However, this literature for the most part comes from the so-called 'developed countries'. This review, at the opposite, focused on current literature on prevention of domestic/family violence against children and women in low and middle income countries (LMICs). RECENT FINDINGS Establishing effective prevention programmes for domestic violence against women and children in LMICs requires an understanding of the sociopolitical, economic and cultural settings and a multilevel collaboration among various stakeholders. SUMMARY This review confirms the lack of research in the so-called 'developing countries' and provides suggestions for further research and prevention efforts in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erminia Colucci
- aCentre for Mental Health, Global and Cultural Mental Health Unit, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia bDepartment of Psychology, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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MacGregor JCD, Wathen N, Kothari A, Hundal PK, Naimi A. Strategies to promote uptake and use of intimate partner violence and child maltreatment knowledge: an integrative review. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:862. [PMID: 25146253 PMCID: PMC4152574 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment (CM) are major social and public health problems. Knowledge translation (KT) of best available research evidence has been suggested as a strategy to improve the care of those exposed to violence, however research on how best to promote the uptake and use of IPV and CM evidence for policy and practice is limited. Our research asked: 1) What is the extent of IPV/CM-specific KT research? 2) What KT strategies effectively translate IPV/CM knowledge? and 3) What are the barriers and facilitators relevant to translating IPV/CM-specific knowledge? METHODS We conducted an integrative review to summarize and synthesize the available evidence regarding IPV/CM-specific KT research. We employed multiple search methods, including database searches of Embase, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycInfo, Sociological Abstracts, and Medline (through April, 2013). Eligibility and quality assessments for each article were conducted by at least two team members. Included articles were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics and qualitatively using descriptive content analysis. RESULTS Of 1230 identified articles, 62 were included in the review, including 5 review articles. KT strategies were generally successful at improving various knowledge/attitude and behavioural/behavioural intention outcomes, but the heterogeneity among KT strategies, recipients, study designs and measured outcomes made it difficult to draw specific conclusions. Four key themes were identified: existing measurement tools and promising/effective KT strategies are underused, KT efforts are rarely linked to health-related outcomes for those exposed to violence, there is a lack of evidence regarding the long-term effectiveness of KT interventions, and authors' inferences about barriers, facilitators, and effective/ineffective KT strategies are often not supported by data. The emotional and sometimes contested nature of the knowledge appears to be an important barrier unique to IPV/CM KT. CONCLUSIONS To direct future KT in this area, we present a guiding framework that highlights the need for implementers to use/adapt promising KT strategies that carefully consider contextual factors, including the fact that content in IPV/CM may be more difficult to engage with than other health topics. The framework also provides guidance regarding use of measurement tools and designs to more effectively evaluate and report on KT efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer CD MacGregor
- />Faculty of Information & Media Studies, The University of Western Ontario, North Campus Building, Room 240, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
- />Lab for Knowledge Translation in Health, The University of Western Ontario, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Health Sciences Building, Room 403, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Nadine Wathen
- />Faculty of Information & Media Studies, The University of Western Ontario, North Campus Building, Room 240, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
- />Lab for Knowledge Translation in Health, The University of Western Ontario, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Health Sciences Building, Room 403, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Anita Kothari
- />Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Health Sciences Building, Room 222, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5B9 Canada
- />Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, The University of Western Ontario, The Western Centre for Public Health and Family Medicine, 1465 Richmond St., 4th Floor, London, ON N6G 2M1 Canada
- />Lab for Knowledge Translation in Health, The University of Western Ontario, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Health Sciences Building, Room 403, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Prabhpreet K Hundal
- />Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Health Sciences Building, Room 222, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Anthony Naimi
- />Faculty of Information & Media Studies, The University of Western Ontario, North Campus Building, Room 240, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
- />Lab for Knowledge Translation in Health, The University of Western Ontario, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Health Sciences Building, Room 403, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5B9 Canada
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