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Chang J, Yang H, Shan X, Zhao L, Li Y, Zhang Z, Abankwah JK, Zhang M, Bian Y, Guo Y. Bergamot essential oil improves CUMS-induced depression-like behaviour in rats by protecting the plasticity of hippocampal neurons. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18178. [PMID: 38553964 PMCID: PMC10980931 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Bergamot essential oil (BEO) is an extract of the bergamot fruit with significant neuroprotective effect. This study was to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanism of BEO in mitigating depression. GC-MS were used to identify its constituents. Antidepressive properties of BEO were evaluated by sucrose preference test (SPT), force swimming test (FST) and open field test (OFT). Nissl staining was used to determine the number of Nissl bodies in hippocampus (HIPP) of rats. Changes in HIPP dendritic length and dendritic spine density were detected by Golgi-Cox staining. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) and synaptophysin (SYP) in the HIPP of rats. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the HIPP, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rats. Inhaled BEO significantly improved depressive behaviour in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats. BEO increased Nissl bodies, dendritic length and spine density, PSD-95 and SYP protein in the HIPP. Additionally, BEO upregulated serum 5-HT, serum and CSF IGF-1, while downregulating serum IL-1β. Collectively, inhaled BEO mitigates depression by protecting the plasticity of hippocampal neurons, hence, providing novel insights into treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Huimin Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Xiaoqian Shan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
| | - Lan Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
| | - Yujiao Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
| | - Zhao Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
| | | | - Mingxing Zhang
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Yuhong Bian
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Yi Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture ScienceTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
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2
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Nunes A, Singh S. A computational model to characterize the time-course of response to rapid antidepressant therapies. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297708. [PMID: 38306352 PMCID: PMC10836665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Our objective is to propose a method capable of disentangling the magnitude, the speed, and the duration or decay rate of the time course of response to rapid antidepressant therapies. To this end, we introduce a computational model of the time course of response to a single treatment with a rapid antidepressant. Numerical simulation is used to evaluate whether model parameters can be accurately estimated from observed data. Finally, we compare our computational modelling-based approach with linear mixed effects modelling in terms of their ability to detect changes in the magnitude and time-course of response to rapid antidepressant therapies in simulated randomized trials. Simulation experiments show that the parameters of our computational model can be accurately recovered using nonlinear least squares. Parameter estimation accuracy is stable over noise levels reaching as high as 25% of the true antidepressant effect magnitude. Comparison of our approach to mixed effects modelling using simulated randomized controlled trial data demonstrates an inability of linear mixed models to disentangle effect magnitude and time course, while our computational model accurately separates these response components. Our modelling approach may accurately identify the (A) magnitude, (B) speed, and (C) durability or decay rate of response to rapid antidepressant therapies. Future studies should fit this model to data from real clinical trials, and use resulting parameter estimates to uncover predictors and causes of different elements of the temporal course of antidepressant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Selena Singh
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Li BR, Wang J. Research status of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy in cancer patients. World J Psychiatry 2023; 13:831-837. [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i11.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The latest global cancer burden data released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization in 2020 shows that there were 19.29 million new cancer cases worldwide, with 4.57 million in China, ranking first. The number of cancer survivors is increasing, with a 5-year survival rate exceeding 85%, but there are emotional disorders. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can improve negative emotions and has significant effects on patients. However, there is a limited number of physicians and high costs, so internet interventions have become a solution. The feasibility of web-based interventions for breast cancer patients has been proven. Research on internet-delivered CBT is also increasing. The purpose of this study was to review the concept of web-based CBT and its application status in cancer survivors, in order to provide relevant intervention for scholars and provide reference and supplement for patients to provide psychological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Rui Li
- Operating Room, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110033, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Operating Room, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110033, Liaoning Province, China
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4
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Wright E, Pagliaro C, Page IS, Diminic S. A review of excluded groups and non-response in population-based mental health surveys from high-income countries. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:1265-1292. [PMID: 37212903 PMCID: PMC10423166 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
National mental health surveys play a critical role in determining the prevalence of mental disorders in a population and informing service planning. However, current surveys have important limitations, including the exclusion of key vulnerable groups and increasing rates of non-response. This review aims to synthesise information on excluded and undersampled groups in national mental health surveys. We conducted a targeted review of nationally representative adult mental health surveys performed between 2005 and 2019 in high-income OECD countries. Sixteen surveys met our inclusion criteria. The response rate for included surveys ranged between 36.3% and 80.0%. The most frequently excluded groups included people who were homeless, people in hospitals or health facilities and people in correctional facilities. Males and young people were the most commonly underrepresented groups among respondents. Attempts to collect data from non-responders and excluded populations were limited, but suggest that mental health status differs among some of these cohorts. The exclusion of key vulnerable groups and high rates of non-response have important implications for interpreting and using the results of national mental health surveys. Targeted supplementary surveys of excluded or hard-to-reach populations, more inclusive sampling methodologies, and strategies aimed at improving response rates should be considered to strengthen the accuracy and usefulness of survey findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryn Wright
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, 4006, Australia.
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Locked Bag 500, Archerfield, Qld, 4108, Australia.
| | - Claudia Pagliaro
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Locked Bag 500, Archerfield, Qld, 4108, Australia
| | - Imogen S Page
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Locked Bag 500, Archerfield, Qld, 4108, Australia
| | - Sandra Diminic
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Locked Bag 500, Archerfield, Qld, 4108, Australia
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5
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Song M, Rubin BS, Ha JW, Ware RS, Doan TN, Harley D. Use of psychotropic medications in adults with intellectual disability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2023; 57:661-674. [PMID: 36700564 DOI: 10.1177/00048674221149864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study presents the proportion of adults with intellectual disability using psychotropic medications including antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives, and psychostimulants. METHODS A search was performed in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus up to 31 December 2021. Articles were included if they reported the proportion of adults with intellectual disability using psychotropic medications. Frequency of use was estimated using a random effects meta-analysis. Meta-regression analysis was used to assess the association between study-level characteristics and variability in estimates, when heterogeneity was considerable. RESULTS Twenty-four articles were included in pooled analysis. The pooled prevalence of psychotropic medications was 41% (95% confidence interval: 35-46%). Pooled prevalences of subclasses were as follows: antipsychotics 31% (27-35%), antidepressants 14% (9-19%), anxiolytics 9% (4-15%), hypnotics/sedatives 5% (2-8%), and psychostimulants 1% (1-2%). Heterogeneity was considerable between studies, except for psychostimulants. There was no significant association between assessed characteristics and variability in prevalence estimates. CONCLUSION Two-fifths of adults with intellectual disability were prescribed psychotropic medications. Antipsychotics and antidepressants were used by one-third and one-seventh of adults, respectively. There was considerable variability between studies, and further investigation is required to determine the source of variability. More studies are needed to better characterise prescribed psychotropic medications, including effectiveness and adverse effects, to ensure appropriate use of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghuan Song
- Queensland Centre for Intellectual and Developmental Disability (QCIDD), Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland (MRI-UQ), Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bryn S Rubin
- Ochsner Clinical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Justin Wt Ha
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert S Ware
- Queensland Centre for Intellectual and Developmental Disability (QCIDD), Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland (MRI-UQ), Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Tan N Doan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Harley
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Wang H, Li Z, Fan R, Tian S, Yang X. Can scope-of-practice transfer psychiatrists be up for their job? A cross-sectional study of clinical competence status and related factors. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:777. [PMID: 36357917 PMCID: PMC9650843 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The great economic and social changes have resulted in the prevalence of mental disorder increasing year by year in China. Mental health medical service resources of China are significantly insufficient. The program of Transfer Training for psychiatrist was launched in China in October 2015. Thousands of physicians completed the transfer training and obtained certificates. To date, there is little evidence to identify the status and related factors of clinical competence among scope-of-practice transfer psychiatrists in China. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the status and related factors of clinical competence among scope-of-practice transfer psychiatrists of Sichuan Province, China. PATIENTS AND METHODS The sample was composed of 291 physicians who certificated the transfer training. Data were collected between September and November 2021, using self-made questionnaire with a total of 22 items to record demographic characteristics, practice status and workplace of participants. Descriptive statistics analysis, independent sample T-test, one-way ANOVA, Spearman rank correlation, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The clinical competence of participants score was (8.02 ± 1.48). Significant differences were found in clinical competence scores among: the subgroups of practice category, reasons for attending in the transfer training for psychiatrists, whether transfer to/ add mental health practice registration, whether engage in mental / psychological work after training, whether the level of transfer training meeting participants' job needs, whether the level of transfer training meeting their theoretical learning needs, whether the level of transfer training meeting their clinical practice needs, salary change compared with pre-training, whether join in continuing education after training, whether wanted to join in continuing education after training, whether the workplace before training has mental / psychological department, whether the workplace after training has mental / psychological department, institutional nature, institutional level and institutional affiliation. Multiple regression analysis identified that level of transfer training meeting participants' job needs, level of transfer training meeting their clinical practice needs, Whether the workplace before training has mental / psychological department, whether wanted to join in continuing education after training, institutional nature were the contributors of clinical competence. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that clinical competence of scope-of-practice transfer psychiatrists needed to be improved. Whether workplace has mental/psychological departments was an important factor of clinical competence. Besides, interest of physicians is another crucial factor for their clinical competence. The continuing education of those psychiatrists may be one effective measure considering their factual working conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Nursing Department, the Third Hospital of Mianyang ▪ Sichuan Mental Health Centre, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuowei Li
- Nursing Department, the Third Hospital of Mianyang ▪ Sichuan Mental Health Centre, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoxin Fan
- Department for prevention and control of mental illness, the Third Hospital of Mianyang ▪ Sichuan Mental Health Centre, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoli Tian
- Department for prevention and control of mental illness, the Third Hospital of Mianyang ▪ Sichuan Mental Health Centre, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianmei Yang
- Department for prevention and control of mental illness, the Third Hospital of Mianyang ▪ Sichuan Mental Health Centre, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621000, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Flannigan K, McMorris C, Ewasiuk A, Badry D, Mela M, Ben Gibbard W, Unsworth K, Cook J, Harding KD. Suicidality and Associated Factors Among Individuals Assessed for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Across the Lifespan in Canada. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2022; 67:361-370. [PMID: 34738837 PMCID: PMC9065486 DOI: 10.1177/07067437211053288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) experience a range of complex neurodevelopmental, psychological, and socioenvironmental vulnerabilities. There is growing evidence that suicidal ideation, attempts, and death by suicide are significant concerns within this population. In this study, we (1) determined the rate of suicidal ideation/attempts in a large group of individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) who were assessed for FASD in Canada and (2) investigated the associations between suicidal ideation/attempts and select demographic and biopsychosocial factors in this group. METHOD A secondary analysis of data from Canada's National FASD Database, a national repository of clinical information gathered through FASD assessment and diagnostic clinics across the country, was conducted. Descriptive analyses, chi-square/Fisher's exact tests, and binary logistic regression were used to examine demographic and biopsychosocial variables and their associations with suicidality. RESULTS In our sample of 796 participants (Mage = 17.7 years, range = 6-59; 57.6% male) assessed for FASD, 25.9% were reported to experience suicidal ideation/attempts. Numerous demographic and biopsychosocial factors were found to be significantly associated with suicidal ideation/attempts. The strongest associations with suicidal ideation/attempts were substance use, history of trauma/abuse, and impaired affect regulation. CONCLUSIONS With this study, we contribute to the emerging evidence of elevated risk of suicidality among individuals with PAE/FASD and improve our understanding of factors that may exacerbate this risk. Findings have relevance for improving screening, prevention, and proactive treatment approaches for individuals with PAE and FASD, their families, and wider support systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Flannigan
- Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Carly McMorris
- Werklund School of Education, 2129University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta.,70401Cumming School of Medicine, 2129University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
| | - Amanda Ewasiuk
- CASA Child, Adolescent, and Family Mental Health, Edmonton, Alberta
| | - Dorothy Badry
- Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network, Vancouver, British Columbia.,Faculty of Social Work, 2129University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
| | - Mansfield Mela
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
| | - W Ben Gibbard
- 70401Cumming School of Medicine, 2129University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
| | - Kathy Unsworth
- Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Jocelynn Cook
- Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network, Vancouver, British Columbia.,The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 12365University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Onatrio
| | - Kelly D Harding
- Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network, Vancouver, British Columbia.,Department of Psychology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario
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Mansuri Z, Reddy A, Vadukapuram R, Thootkur M, Trivedi C. Does Insomnia Increase the Risk of Suicide in Hospitalized Patients with Major Depressive Disorder? A Nationwide Inpatient Analysis from 2006 to 2015. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:117. [PMID: 35621414 PMCID: PMC9137701 DOI: 10.3390/bs12050117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Insomnia is an important symptom associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). In addition, it is one of the risk factors for suicide. Studies have shown the relationship be-tween insomnia and suicidal behavior in patients with MDD. However, this association has not been evaluated in a large sample of hospitalized patients. Objectives. To evaluate the suicidal be-havior in MDD patients with insomnia compared to those without insomnia. Methods. From the National Inpatient Sample (NIS 2006−2015) database using the ICD-9 code, patients’ data were obtained with the primary diagnosis of MDD and comorbid diagnosis of insomnia disorders (MDD+I). These patients were compared with MDD patients without insomnia disorders (MDD−I) by performing a 1:2 match for the primary diagnosis code. Suicidal ideation/attempt da-ta were compared between the groups by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results. After the diagnostic code matching, 139061 patients were included in the MDD+I group and 276496 patients in the MDD−I group. MDD+I patients were older (47 years vs. 45 years, p < 0.001) com-pared to the MDD−I group. The rate of suicidal ideation/attempt was 56.0% in the MDD+I group and 42.0% in the MDD−I group (p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, race, borderline personal-ity disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders, ‘insomnia’ was associated with 1.71 times higher odds of suicidal behavior among MDD patients admitted to the hospital. (Odds ratio: 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.60−1.82, p < 0.001). Conclusions. Insomnia among MDD patients is significantly associated with the risk of suicide. MDD patients with insomnia need to be closely monitored for suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Mansuri
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abhishek Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA;
| | - Ramu Vadukapuram
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Mounica Thootkur
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA;
| | - Chintan Trivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Science Center at Permian Basin, Odessa, TX 79763, USA;
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9
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Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Brain Function and Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050921. [PMID: 35267907 PMCID: PMC8912287 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While the vast majority of research involving creatine supplementation has focused on skeletal muscle, there is a small body of accumulating research that has focused on creatine and the brain. Preliminary studies indicate that creatine supplementation (and guanidinoacetic acid; GAA) has the ability to increase brain creatine content in humans. Furthermore, creatine has shown some promise for attenuating symptoms of concussion, mild traumatic brain injury and depression but its effect on neurodegenerative diseases appears to be lacking. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the current body of research pertaining to creatine supplementation on total creatine and phophorylcreatine (PCr) content, explore GAA as an alternative or adjunct to creatine supplementation on brain creatine uptake, assess the impact of creatine on cognition with a focus on sleep deprivation, discuss the effects of creatine supplementation on a variety of neurological and mental health conditions, and outline recent advances on creatine supplementation as a neuroprotective supplement following traumatic brain injury or concussion.
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10
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Stinchcombe A, Hammond NG. Sexual orientation as a social determinant of suicidal ideation: A study of the adult life span. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2021; 51:864-871. [PMID: 33823066 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rates of suicide attempts are highest among younger ages and women, and especially elevated among sexual minorities (lesbian, gay, and bisexual [LGB] people). We examined the prevalence of lifetime suicide ideation among sexual minorities and sought to determine whether this relationship depended on age and gender. METHOD Using data from the Annual Component of the 2015-2016 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), participants were asked whether they had seriously contemplated suicide (lifetime suicidal ideation: yes/no). In adjusted multiple logistic regression analyses, we entered a sexual orientation by gender and age (three-way) interaction. RESULTS There was evidence of an interaction between sexual orientation, gender, and age on lifetime suicidal ideation (Wald χ2 : p = 0.009); the strength of the relationship between sexual orientation and suicidal ideation varied by gender and age. Lesbian/gay and bisexual respondents of both genders were more likely to report suicidal ideation across the life span, when compared to heterosexuals. This finding was strongest for bisexual respondents. CONCLUSION The results highlight the relevance of sexual orientation as a social determinant of lifetime suicidal ideation. Suicide prevention and surveillance efforts should take into consideration that sexual minorities, especially bisexual persons, disproportionately consider harming themselves when compared to the heterosexual population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Stinchcombe
- Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole G Hammond
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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11
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Levinson A, Davidson S, Szatmari P. What's in a Name? It's Time to Reconsider the Name of the Academy. JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY = JOURNAL DE L'ACADEMIE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE DE L'ENFANT ET DE L'ADOLESCENT 2021; 30:211-216. [PMID: 34381516 PMCID: PMC8315214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is important the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CACAP) change its name to the Canadian Academy of Child and Youth Psychiatry. This name change will match the organization's goals to enhance its future mandate, scope and reach, to include youth in its mandate while consolidating its existing mandate. There is an ethical and moral imperative for the Academy to indicate strong leadership as an organization to support the needs of youth mental health. The Academy can achieve this by facilitating greater continuing professional development and the sharing of research, scholarship, education and advocacy. Key reasons to support a name change are reviewed in this article and include the contextual history of CACAP and the idea of a name change; the epidemiology of mental health concerns in youth; the need for youth specific services within a biopsychosocial understanding; a focus on development and its importance for youth engagement and transitions as a topic of training, curriculum and service design. Finally, potential perceived threats or concerns that may exist are explored and argued as unwarranted. CACAP's vision to include youth is an act of true leadership for all engaged in mental health in Canada, and will serve as a model for other global psychiatric organizations, by fostering collaboration, partnership, curiosity and a greater understanding of colleagues' perspectives within both the child and adult mental health communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Levinson
- The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
- The Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario
| | - Simon Davidson
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Peter Szatmari
- The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
- The Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
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12
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Paletta A, Yu D, Li D, Sareen J. COVID-19 pandemic inpatient bed allocation planning - A Canada-wide approach. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2021; 69:126-128. [PMID: 33431231 PMCID: PMC7831391 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A Canada-wide survey was disseminated to collect information regarding changes in processes related to providing care to patients on inpatient psychiatry units in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our aim was to share this information with those who have an interest in problem-solving these significant and unique challenges. METHOD The survey was distributed through the Association of Chairs of Psychiatry of Canada to Department Heads of Psychiatry at all sixteen medical schools. Information was collected via SurveyMonkey April 26-May 9, 2020. Eleven psychiatrists representing 11 different Canadian city/centre/zone(s) completed the survey. RESULTS Information was collected about process changes: physical separation on the wards, symptom and vital signs screening, testing, isolation, rationales for number of beds allocated for COVID-positive, -suspect and -negative patients and for selecting a particular hospital to provide care to these different groupings of patients. One subsection of the information is presented in this letter. Further information is available upon request. CONCLUSION Similarities and differences existed between city/centre/zone(s) regarding approaches to providing care to patients on inpatient psychiatry wards. Significant preparation and consideration was put into determining necessary changes in response to this pandemic, and this is reflected in the information provided from each city/centre/zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Paletta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Dorothy Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Daniel Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Addiction and Mental Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jitender Sareen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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