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Mostefaoui N, Oturan N, Bouafia SC, Hien SA, Gibert-Vilas M, Lesage G, Pechaud Y, Tassin B, Oturan M, Trellu C. Integration of electrochemical processes in a treatment system for landfill leachates based on a membrane bioreactor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168841. [PMID: 38036133 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of electrocoagulation (EC) and anodic oxidation (AO) processes was studied for improving a treatment system for landfill leachates based on a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and a nanofiltration step. The main limitation of the current full-scale system is related to the partial removal of organic compounds that leads to operation of the nanofiltration unit with a highly concentrated feed solution. Application of the EC before the MBR participated in partial removal of the organic load (40 %) with limited energy consumption (2.8 kWh m-3) but with additional production of iron hydroxide sludge. Only AO allowed for non-selective removal of organic compounds. As a standalone process, AO would require a sharp increase of the energy consumption (116 kWh for 81 % removal of total organic carbon). But using lower electric charge and combining AO with EC and MBR processes would allow for achieving high overall removal yields with limited energy consumption. For example, the overall removal yield of total organic carbon was 65 % by application of AO after EC, with an energy consumption of 21 kWh m-3. Results also showed that such treatment strategy might allow for a significant increase of the biodegradability of the effluent before treatment by the MBR. The MBR might then be dedicated to the removal of the residual organic load as well as to the removal of the nitrogen load. The data obtained in this study also showed that the lower electric charge required for integrating AO in a coupled process would allow for strongly decreasing the formation of undesired by-products such as ClO3- and ClO4-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Mostefaoui
- Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement EA 4508, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, Cedex 2, France; Laboratory of Reaction Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Process Engineering USTHB, BP 32, El-Allia, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria
| | - Nihal Oturan
- Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement EA 4508, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, Cedex 2, France
| | - Souad Chergui Bouafia
- Laboratory of Reaction Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Process Engineering USTHB, BP 32, El-Allia, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria
| | - Sié Alain Hien
- Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement EA 4508, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, Cedex 2, France; Laboratoire des Procédés Industriels, de Synthèse de l'Environnement et des Energies Nouvelles (LAPISEN), Institut National Polytechnique Houphouët-Boigny, BP 1313, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Màxim Gibert-Vilas
- Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement EA 4508, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, Cedex 2, France
| | - Geoffroy Lesage
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University Montpellier, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Yoan Pechaud
- Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement EA 4508, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, Cedex 2, France
| | - Bruno Tassin
- Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains, LEESU, Ecole des Ponts, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Mehmet Oturan
- Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement EA 4508, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, Cedex 2, France
| | - Clément Trellu
- Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement EA 4508, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, Cedex 2, France.
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Khan A, Ibrar I, Mirdad A, Al-Juboori RA, Deka P, Subbiah S, Altaee A. Novel Approach to Landfill Wastewater Treatment Fouling Mitigation: Air Gap Membrane Distillation with Tin Sulfide-Coated PTFE Membrane. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050483. [PMID: 37233544 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study addressed the fouling issue in membrane distillation (M.D.) technology, a promising method for water purification and wastewater reclamation. To enhance the anti-fouling properties of the M.D. membrane, a tin sulfide (TS) coating onto polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was proposed and evaluated with air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) using landfill leachate wastewater at high recovery rates (80% and 90%). The presence of TS on the membrane surface was confirmed using various techniques, such as Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), contact angle measurement, and porosity analysis. The results indicated the TS-PTFE membrane exhibited better anti-fouling properties than the pristine PTFE membrane, and its fouling factors (FFs) were 10.4-13.1% compared to 14.4-16.5% for the PTFE membrane. The fouling was attributed to pore blockage and cake formation of carbonous and nitrogenous compounds. The study also found that physical cleaning with deionized (DI) water effectively restored the water flux, with more than 97% recovered for the TS-PTFE membrane. Additionally, the TS-PTFE membrane showed better water flux and product quality at 55 °C and excellent stability in maintaining the contact angle over time compared to the PTFE membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Khan
- Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering (MME), University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Mechanical Department at Taif Technical College, Technical and Vocational Training Corporation (TVTC), Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrar Ibrar
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Abeer Mirdad
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, 5 Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Raed A Al-Juboori
- NYUAD Water Research Centre, New York University-Abu Dhabi Campus, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priyamjeet Deka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Senthilmurugan Subbiah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Ali Altaee
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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de Almeida R, Porto RF, Quintaes BR, Bila DM, Lavagnolo MC, Campos JC. A review on membrane concentrate management from landfill leachate treatment plants: The relevance of resource recovery to close the leachate treatment loop. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:264-284. [PMID: 35924944 PMCID: PMC9972246 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221116212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Membrane filtration processes have been used to treat landfill leachate. On the other hand, closing the leachate treatment loop and finding a final destination for landfill leachate membrane concentrate (LLMC) - residual stream of membrane systems - is challenging for landfill operators. The re-introduction of LLMC into the landfill is typical; however, this approach is critical as concentrate pollutants may accumulate in the leachate treatment facility. From that, leachate concentrate management based on resource recovery rather than conventional treatment and disposal is recommended. This work comprehensively reviews the state-of-the-art of current research on LLMC management from leachate treatment plants towards a resource recovery approach. A general recovery train based on the main LLMC characteristics for implementing the best recovery scheme is presented in this context. LLMCs could be handled by producing clean water and add-value materials. This paper offers critical insights into LLMC management and highlights future research trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronei de Almeida
- School of Chemistry, Inorganic
Processes Department, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
- Department of Civil, Environmental and
Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Ronei de Almeida, School of Chemistry,
Inorganic Processes Department, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 149
Athos da Silveira Ramos Avenue, laboratory I-124, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909,
Brazil.
| | - Raphael Ferreira Porto
- School of Chemistry, Inorganic
Processes Department, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
| | | | - Daniele Maia Bila
- Department of Sanitary and Environment
Engineering, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Lavagnolo
- Department of Civil, Environmental and
Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Juacyara Carbonelli Campos
- School of Chemistry, Inorganic
Processes Department, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
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Glarakis J, Remmas N, Azis K, Melidis P. Retrofitting a full-scale multistage landfill leachate treatment plant by introducing coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation and ultrafiltration process steps. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:326. [PMID: 36692638 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-10939-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Considering that landfilling still remains among the most commonly used methods for the confrontation of solid wastes, effective methods should be applied to treat the leachate generated, due to its recalcitrant nature. In this work, a full-scale system consisting of two SBRs operating in parallel (350 m3 each) and two activated carbon (AC) columns operating in series (3 m3 each) was retrofitted by introducing a coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation (C/F/S) unit of 7.8 m3 and an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane of 100 m2 to effectively treat landfill leachate. The raw leachate was characterized by high COD and NH4+-N concentration, i.e., 3095 ± 706 mg/L and 1054 ± 141 mg/L respectively, a BOD/COD ratio of 0.22, and high concentrations of certain heavy metals. Leachate processing in this retrofitted multistage treatment system resulted in total COD removal efficiency of 89.84%, with biological treatment, C/F, UF, and AC contributing 46.31%, 4.68%, 15.98%, and 22.87% to the overall organic content removal. The retrofitted scheme achieved an overall NH4+-N and TKN removal of 92.03% and 91.75% respectively, attributed mostly to the activity of an effective nitrifying community. Color number (CN) was reduced by 26.96%, 10.29%, 15.94%, and 5.39% after the activated sludge, the C/F, the UF, and the AC adsorption process respectively, corresponding to a 58.91% overall decrease. Regarding heavy metal removal, all elements examined, apart from Ni, i.e., effluent As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mg, Mn, and Pb, were below the legislative limits set by the national authorities for restricted or unrestricted irrigation. Lastly, total operating expenses (OPEX) were estimated as equal to 72,687 €/year or 6.64 €/m3.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Glarakis
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67132, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Remmas
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67132, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Azis
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67132, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Paraschos Melidis
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67132, Xanthi, Greece.
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Huang Y. Degradation of refractory organic matter in the effluent from a semi-aerobic aged refuse biofilter-treated landfill leachate by a nano-Fe 3O 4 enhanced ozonation process. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2022; 40:1242-1255. [PMID: 34967246 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x211066229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the transformation and degradation mechanisms of refractory organic matter in biologically treated leachate from a semi-aerobic aged refuse biofilter (SAARB) in a nano-Fe3O4 enhanced ozonation process (nFe3O4-O3) were investigated in batch experiments. A continuous experiment then confirmed the effectiveness of the process for SAARB effluent treatment. In a batch experiment, the effects of influencing factors, including nFe3O4 dosage, O3 dosage and initial pH on the treatment performance of nFe3O4-O3 process, were comprehensively investigated. The results showed that when the nFe3O4 dosage = 6 g L-1, O3 dosage = 0.15 L minute-1 and initial pH = 7, the total organic carbon, absorbance at 254 nm and colour number removal efficiencies were 40.58%, 62.55% and 89.80%, respectively. In addition, most of the humic- and fulvic-like substances in the SAARB effluent were removed, and the condensation degree, aromaticity and humification degree of the organics were substantially reduced. The morphology and elemental valence state analysis showed that the nFe3O4 in the process was relatively stable and could form an nFe3O4-organic complex. Therefore, the probability of organics reacting with hydroxyl radical increased and the oxidation efficiency was enhanced. In the continuous experiment, both the O3 dosage and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were the key influencing factors. The treatment efficiency of the nFe3O4-O3 process was enhanced at a higher O3 dosage and longer HRT. The electrical energy consumption of the continuous nFe3O3-O3 process was calculated to be 17.72 kW h m-3 in SAARB effluent treatment. This study proved the feasibility of biologically treated landfill leachate treatment by the nFe3O3-O3 process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Huang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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de Almeida R, Pimenta de Oliveira TJ, Maurício Gouvea R, Carbonelli Campos J. Technical and economic aspects of a sequential MF + NF + zeolite system treating landfill leachate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:675-684. [PMID: 35876049 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This work explores the techno-economic aspects of landfill leachate treatment by an integrated scheme composed of microfiltration (MF), nanofiltration (NF), and zeolite application for carbon and nitrogen removal. In bench-scale experiments, MF and NF were investigated, and zeolite batch tests were carried out to determine optimum conditions. A preliminary economic analysis is presented for a 200 m3 d-1 full-scale treatment facility based on the data obtained from experimental tests and literature surveys. The maximum removals of 92%, 94%, and 79% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), absorbance at 254 nm, and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) were achieved in bench experiments, respectively. It was possible to reach the local discharge standard for COD (200 mg L-1), but it was not possible to reach the Brazilian disposal requirement for NH4+-N (20 mg L-1). The total cost of the integrated MF + NF + zeolite system was estimated at 19.89 US$m-3. In this study, the costs of the zeolite application account for around 70% of the total costs of the integrated scheme. Membrane process integration was an adequate strategy for removing organic compounds at low operating costs; However, further NH4+-N depuration is needed to meet discharge requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronei de Almeida
- School of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lucero-Sorbazo D, Beltrán-Villavicencio M, González-Aragón A, Vázquez-Morillas A. Recycling of nutrients from landfill leachate: A case study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09540. [PMID: 35663733 PMCID: PMC9156885 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous increase in the consumption of natural resources requires different solutions directed to the recovery and recycling of different materials and products, including the nutrients used as fertilizers for food production. In this context, this research assessed the feasibility of using landfill leachate as a source of nutrients for the growth of maize. Leachate was treated to precipitate struvite, a rich magnesium, phosphate, and ammonium mineral that can be applied directly as fertilizer. It was used for the growth of maize, which was sowed in three different parcels. A commercial DAP + urea mixture was used to compare, and non-fertilized parcels were used as controls. Struvite was successfully obtained and applied in the fields. A marginal higher maize yield was achieved in two sites when using struvite (6.36% and 2.16%) compared to the commercial fertilizer, even if it was applied in a lower dose to weather conditions. An increase in N and Mg in soil could be observed, which allowed for the assimilation of nutrients in the plants. Concerning safety, the use of struvite did not produce the transfer of heavy metals or pathogens to the soil or plants. This research shows a promising way of dealing with leachate, which could be attractive in countries where organic waste is buried in landfills. Landfill leachate can be used as a source of nutrients for the grow of maize by precipitation of struvite. A field trial in real scale was performed. A marginal higher maize yield was achieved in two of the sites (6.36% and 2.16%) when compared to the commercial fertilizer. Struvite did not cause presence of pathogens or heavy metals in the crops. It offers an alternative to conventional leachate treatment options, aligned with the principles of the circular economy.
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Ghaffariraad M, Ghanbarzadeh Lak M. Landfill Leachate Treatment Through Coagulation-flocculation with Lime and Bio-sorption by Walnut-shell. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 68:226-239. [PMID: 34100132 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-021-01489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the environmental consequences corresponding to leachate penetration, a sequence of inexpensive conventional processes proposed leachate treatment. The main objective was maximizing the COD and heavy metal removal efficiencies while minimizing generated sludge volume and material consumption rate. Walnut-shell adsorption complements lime treatment by eliminating heavy metals and low molecular-weight organic compounds. Samples gathered from Nazlou-landfill, Urmia, Iran. The relative significance of independent variables (lime and walnut-shell dosages and pH) on the removal efficiency was investigated using response surface methodology. By estimating the gradient of relative equations of the experimental results, the ideal direction of independent variable change was found as such increasing COD removal. A new variable called OSVLDR was utilized for measuring the ratio of the observed sludge volume to used lime dosage. The proposed sequence resulted in 43.24% COD removal under optimal conditions (i.e., 6.83, and 25 g/L of lime and walnut-shell dosage and pH values of 6, and 4 for two sets). Furthermore, effective removal in heavy metal concentrations was observed, i.e., 98.17, 67.45, 91.03, and 88.02% for nickel, cadmium, zinc, and lead, respectively. The results showed that a change in variables' amount affects associated costs while making a variation at removal efficiency. Reducing the initial pH value of leachate to 3.50 might decrease the consumed raw materials and OSVLDR value, resulting in a considerable decline in material costs (by 10%). Also, the inactive walnut-shell surface with a more crushing degree was used to reduce costs in walnut-shell set experiments rather than the activated surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ghaffariraad
- Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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