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Holder S, Sifat M, Kuo C, Green K. The Role of Adolescent Anxious Mood, Marijuana Use, and Locus of Control in the School to Prison Pipeline. EDUCATION AND URBAN SOCIETY 2024; 56:472-492. [PMID: 39036337 PMCID: PMC11259312 DOI: 10.1177/00131245221124871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Racial disparities are evident in both educational outcomes and incarceration rates when comparing African American and white youth. It is essential to understand the school-to-prison pipeline and the ways in which school discipline practices and other factors disproportionately affect African American students, limit educational attainment, and increase risk for future incarceration in order to improve students' educational and life outcomes. This study explores how marijuana, anxiety and locus of control interact with school disciplinary practices in pushing students out of schools and into the criminal justice system. Analyses utilizing data from the Woodlawn Study, a longitudinal study of African Americans followed from first grade through adolescence, young adulthood, and midlife (n = 1,242), reveal that suspension or expulsion, frequent marijuana use, and locus of control (males only) all predict criminal justice system involvement above and beyond not graduating from high school, but do not interact significantly. This study offers avenues for intervention to reduce disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifah Holder
- University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Munjireen Sifat
- University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Charlene Kuo
- University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kerry Green
- University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
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2
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Leary MR. Emotional reactions to threats to acceptance and belonging: a retrospective look at the big picture. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2021.1883410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Leary
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, USA
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3
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Nowicki S, Gregory S, Iles-Caven Y, Ellis G, Golding J. Early Home-Life Antecedents of Children's Locus of Control. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2032. [PMID: 30443228 PMCID: PMC6221930 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Children's external locus of control has been linked to a wide variety of negative academic achievement, personality, and social adjustment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to discover which features of early home environment may facilitate the development of external as opposed to internal control expectancies in children. We use an exposome approach to analyze data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort study, a longitudinal study starting in pregnancy in England in 1990-1992. Details of parents and their study children were collected prospectively, and children's locus of control was assessed at age 8 using an abbreviated form of the most frequently used measure of children's locus of control (Nowicki-Strickland Internal External locus of control scale). A series of stepwise logistic regression analyses were undertaken to determine the strongest independent associations. The final model (n = 4,075 children) comprised 13 variables - those with the strongest associations with the child becoming externally oriented were two that were positive indicators of the mother being distracted (TV on almost the whole time, and a consideration that pets should be treated as members of the family), three that were indicators of protective (negative) effects of interaction between mother and child (child was breast fed, mother read stories to the child, mother cuddled the baby when he/she woke at night), and two divergent indicators of maternal health behavior (more frequent cleaning of the child's hands before a meal which was associated with a heightened risk of become external, and providing a healthy-type of diet, which was associated with a reduced risk of becoming external). The findings suggest that inadequate early maternal interaction with the child is associated with an increased risk of the child being externally oriented by the age of 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Nowicki
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Steven Gregory
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yasmin Iles-Caven
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Genette Ellis
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Golding
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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4
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Weems CF, Costa NM, Watts SE, Taylor LK, Cannon MF. Cognitive Errors, Anxiety Sensitivity, and Anxiety Control Beliefs. Behav Modif 2016; 31:174-201. [PMID: 17307934 DOI: 10.1177/0145445506297016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the interrelations among negative cognitive errors, anxiety sensitivity, and anxiety control beliefs and explored their unique and specific associations with anxiety symptoms in a community sample of youth. Existing research has suggested that these constructs are related to childhood anxiety disorder symptoms; however, additional research is needed to test the interrelations among negative cognitive errors, anxiety sensitivity, and anxiety control beliefs and to determine if they show unique and specific associations with anxiety symptoms. The results of this study indicated that negative cognitive errors, anxiety sensitivity, and anxiety control beliefs were associated with each other and that they demonstrated unique concurrent associations with childhood anxiety disorder symptoms. Moreover, certain cognitive biases showed specificity in their association with anxiety symptoms versus depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl F Weems
- Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
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Lu W, Daleiden E, Pratt S, Shay A, Stone B, Asaku-Yeboah M. Life events and internalizing problems among Chinese school children: An examination of the cognitive diathesis model. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weili Lu
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; Scotch Plains New Jersey USA
| | | | - Sarah Pratt
- Dartmouth Medical School; Hanover New Hampshire USA
| | - Alexander Shay
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; Scotch Plains New Jersey USA
| | - Brittany Stone
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; Scotch Plains New Jersey USA
| | - Michael Asaku-Yeboah
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; Scotch Plains New Jersey USA
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Delineating the maladaptive pathways of child maltreatment: a mediated moderation analysis of the roles of self-perception and social support. Dev Psychopathol 2010; 22:337-52. [PMID: 20423545 DOI: 10.1017/s095457941000009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated concurrent and longitudinal mediated and mediated moderation pathways among maltreatment, self-perception (i.e., loneliness and self-esteem), social support, and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. For both genders, early childhood maltreatment (i.e., ages 0-6) was related directly to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems at age 6, and later maltreatment (i.e., ages 6-8) was directly related to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems at age 8. Results of concurrent mediation and mediated moderation indicated that early maltreatment was significantly related to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems at age 6 indirectly both through age 6 loneliness and self-esteem for boys and through age 6 loneliness for girls. Significant moderation of the pathway from early maltreatment to self-esteem, and for boys, significant mediated moderation to emotional and behavioral problems were found, such that the mediated effect through self-esteem varied across levels of social support, though in an unexpected direction. No significant longitudinal mediation or mediated moderation was found, however, between the age 6 mediators and moderator and internalizing or externalizing problems at age 8. The roles of the hypothesized mediating and moderating mechanisms are discussed, with implications for designing intervention and prevention programs.
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Kim J, Cicchetti D. Mean-level change and intraindividual variability in self-esteem and depression among high-risk children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2009; 33:202-214. [PMID: 22822280 DOI: 10.1177/0165025408098021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated mean-level changes and intraindividual variability of self-esteem among maltreated (n=142) and nonmaltreated (n=109) school-aged children from low-income families. Longitudinal factor analysis revealed higher temporal stability of self-esteem among maltreated children compared to nonmaltreated children. Cross-domain latent growth curve models indicated that nonmaltreated children showed higher initial levels and greater increases in self-esteem than maltreated children, and that the initial levels of self-esteem were significantly associated with depressive symptoms among maltreated and nonmaltreated children. The average level (mean of repeated measurements) of self-esteem was predictive of depression at the final occasion for both maltreated and nonmaltreated children. For nonmaltreated children intraindividual variability of self-esteem had a direct contribution to prediction of depression. The findings enhance our understanding of developmental changes in self-esteem and the role of the average level and within-person variability of self-esteem in predicting depressive symptoms among high-risk children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmeen Kim
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA
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9
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Does adolescent self-esteem predict later life outcomes? A test of the causal role of self-esteem. Dev Psychopathol 2008; 20:319-39. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579408000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between self-esteem in adolescence and later mental health, substance use, and life and relationship outcomes in adulthood. The investigation analyzed data from a birth cohort of approximately 1,000 New Zealand young adults studied to the age of 25. Lower levels of self-esteem at age 15 were associated with greater risks of mental health problems, substance dependence, and lower levels of life and relationship satisfaction at ages 18, 21, and 25. Adjustment for potentially confounding factors reduced the strength of these associations to either moderate or statistically nonsignificant levels. It was concluded that the effects of self-esteem during adolescence on later developmental outcomes were weak, and largely explained by the psychosocial context within which self-esteem develops.
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Jackson Y, Kim KL, Delap C. Mediators of control beliefs, stressful life events, and adaptive behavior in school age children: the role of appraisal and social support. J Trauma Stress 2007; 20:147-60. [PMID: 17427906 DOI: 10.1002/jts.20192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The authors examine the role of appraisal and social support as mediators of the relation between control beliefs and adaptive behavioral outcome. Using the responses from 297 children, ages 8 to 12 years old, the results suggest two significant mediational pathways. Social support was a mediator of the relation between unknown control for negative events and adaptive behavior and the relation between unknown control for positive events and adaptive behavior. Negative appraisal demonstrated no mediation relations. The role of social support and negative appraisal in the display of adaptive behavior and the implications for further model testing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Jackson
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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11
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Kim J, Cicchetti D. Longitudinal trajectories of self-system processes and depressive symptoms among maltreated and nonmaltreated children. Child Dev 2006; 77:624-39. [PMID: 16686792 PMCID: PMC1551975 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study used latent growth modeling to investigate longitudinal relationships between self-system processes and depressive symptoms among maltreated (n = 142) and nonmaltreated children (n = 109) aged 6-11 years. On average, self-esteem and self-agency increased and depressive symptoms decreased over time. Multivariate growth modeling indicated that, regardless of gender, physical abuse was negatively related to initial levels of self-esteem, and physical abuse and physical neglect were positively associated with initial levels of depressive symptoms. Emotional maltreatment was predictive of changes in self-esteem and changes in depressive symptoms. Initial levels of self-esteem were negatively associated with initial levels of depressive symptoms. The findings contribute to enhancing our understanding of the developmental processes whereby early maltreatment experiences are linked to later maladjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmeen Kim
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, 24061, USA.
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12
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Weems CF, Silverman WK. An integrative model of control: implications for understanding emotion regulation and dysregulation in childhood anxiety. J Affect Disord 2006; 91:113-24. [PMID: 16487599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2006.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2005] [Revised: 12/15/2005] [Accepted: 01/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Theorists and investigators have emphasized an important role for control in emotional problems such as anxiety and anxiety disorders in youth. However, the term "control" is subject to theoretical ambiguities because of the broad conceptual bases for the term. In this article, we examine the concepts of locus of control, learned helplessness/attributional style, self-efficacy, and perceived control to develop an integrative model of control based on research and theory. The review emphasizes each of the theories distinguishing features in order to show how these distinctive features relate to real versus perceived control and how they may be differentially associated with childhood anxiety. We attempt to clarify the various definitions of control and the implications of these various definitions with respect to childhood anxiety, its disorders and their treatment and present a model of control that is integrative but also addresses the complexities of the different definitions of control (i.e., is multifaceted). The model developed from our review of the literature postulates that individuals differ in the extent to which they actually have control and differ, also on a continuum, in their perceptions of control. The need for this integrative model is highlighted by methodological, developmental, and clinical considerations. In particular, research has operationalized control and related constructs such as emotion regulation in ways that may be confounding actual control and perceived control. The need for an integrative but also multifaceted conceptualization of the role of control in childhood anxiety is also highlighted by clinical and developmental considerations. For instance, different facets of control may have differential relevance to clinical anxiety and at different points in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl F Weems
- Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
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13
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Vickery CD, Gontkovsky ST, Wallace JJ, Caroselli JS. Group psychotherapy focusing on self-concept change following acquired brain injury: A pilot investigation. Rehabil Psychol 2006. [DOI: 10.1037/0090-5550.51.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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15
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The Motivation to Maintain Subjective Well-Being: A Homeostatic Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7750(04)28008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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16
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Cummins RA, Gullone E, Lau ALD. A Model of Subjective Well-Being Homeostasis: The Role of Personality. SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH SERIES 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0271-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Han SS, Weisz JR, Weiss B. Specificity of relations between children's control-related beliefs and internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. J Consult Clin Psychol 2001; 69:240-51. [PMID: 11393601 DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.69.2.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The authors examined the specificity of the relation between 3 types of control-related beliefs and internalizing and externalizing psychopathology in a sample of 290 clinic-referred children aged 7 to 17 years. Self-reported beliefs about control (the capacity to cause an intended outcome), contingency (the degree to which a desired outcome can be controlled by a relevant behavior), and competence (an individual's ability to produce the relevant behavior) across 3 domains (academic, behavioral, and social) showed more specific relations with psychopathology than have been previously reported. Among children with externalizing psychopathology, internalizing psychopathology may be specifically associated with increased self-critical awareness about their conduct; externalizing psychopathology may attenuate the specific negative relation between internalizing psychopathology and control-related beliefs in the social domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Han
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA.
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18
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�sterman K, Bj�rkqvist K, Lagerspetz KM, Charpentier S, Caprara GV, Pastorelli C. Locus of control and three types of aggression. Aggress Behav 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2337(1999)25:1%3c61::aid-ab6%3e3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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�sterman K, Bj�rkqvist K, Lagerspetz KM, Charpentier S, Caprara GV, Pastorelli C. Locus of control and three types of aggression. Aggress Behav 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2337(1999)25:1<61::aid-ab6>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Morton TL, Mann BJ. The relationship between parental controlling behavior and perceptions of control of preadolescent children and adolescents. J Genet Psychol 1998; 159:477-91. [PMID: 9845976 DOI: 10.1080/00221329809596165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has suggested that a noncontrolling, independence-encouraging parenting style is correlated with children's having an internal locus of control. In the present study, children's and adolescents' reports of parent behaviors were used. Parental acceptance and child-centeredness were found to be related to more internal control beliefs in both preadolescent children and adolescents. Parental controlling behavior, however, was related to more internal control beliefs in preadolescent children and more external control beliefs in adolescents. The relationships among structure, parent controlling behavior, and the age and developmental level of children are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Morton
- Department of Education and Psychology, Walla Walla College, USA
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Irrational beliefs and self-esteem: Predictors of depressive symptoms in children? JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02354510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Rawson HE, Bloomer K, Kendall A. Stress, anxiety, depression, and physical illness in college students. J Genet Psychol 1994; 155:321-30. [PMID: 7964658 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.1994.9914782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The interrelationships among measures of stress, anxiety, depression, and physical illness in a proportional sample of college undergraduates (N = 184) were examined. Significant correlations were found in the stress-illness, anxiety-illness, depression-illness, and anxiety-depression relationships. Partial correlations demonstrated that the stress-illness relationship remained significant, though lowered, when first anxiety and then depression were held constant. In the second phase of the research the indices of stress, anxiety, depression, and illness were predicted to vary by both year in school and gender within this sample. Significant differences in reported stress and anxiety by year in school and in reported illness incidence by gender were found. Possible ties between these results and research on coping, social support, and gender roles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Rawson
- Department of Psychology, Hanover College, IN 47243-0108
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Reynolds WM. Assessment of Depression in Children and Adolescents by Self-Report Questionnaires. HANDBOOK OF DEPRESSION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1510-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Huang K, Leong FT, Wagner NS. Coping with peer stressors and associated dysphoria: Acculturation differences among Chinese-American children. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/09515079408254134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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