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Mangini C, Zarantonello L, Formentin C, Giusti G, Domenie ED, Ruggerini D, Costa R, Skene DJ, Basso D, Battagliarin L, Di Bella A, Angeli P, Montagnese S. Managing Circadian Disruption due to Hospitalization: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of the CircadianCare Inpatient Management System. J Biol Rhythms 2024; 39:183-199. [PMID: 38153134 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231213916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to test the effects of an inpatient management system (CircadianCare) aimed at limiting the negative impact of hospitalization on sleep by enhancing circadian rhythmicity. Fifty inpatients were randomized to either CircadianCare (n = 25; 18 males, 62.4 ± 1.9 years) or standard of care (n = 25; 14 males, 64.5 ± 2.3 years). On admission, all underwent a full sleep-wake evaluation; they then completed daily sleep diaries and wore an actigraph for the whole length of hospitalization. On days 1 (T0), 7 (T1), and 14 (T2, if still hospitalized), salivary melatonin for dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) and 24-h skin temperature were recorded. In addition, environmental noise, temperature, and illuminance were monitored. Patients in the CircadianCare arm followed 1 of 3 schedules for light/dark, meal, and physical activity timings, based on their diurnal preference/habits. They wore short-wavelength-enriched light-emitting glasses for 45 min after awakening and short-wavelength light filter shades from 18:00 h until sleep onset. While the first, primary registered outcome (reduced sleep-onset latency on actigraphy or diary) was not met, based on sleep diaries, there was a trend (0.05 < p < 0.1) toward an advance in bedtime for CircadianCare compared to standard of care patients between T0 and T1. Similarly, DLMO time significantly advanced in the small group of patients for whom it could be computed on both occasions, with untreated ones starting from earlier baseline values. Patients sleeping near the window had significantly higher sleep efficiency, regardless of treatment arm. As noise fluctuation increased, so did the number of night awakenings, regardless of treatment arm. In conclusion, the CircadianCare management system showed positive results in terms of advancing sleep timing and the circadian rhythm of melatonin. Furthermore, our study identified a combination of environmental noise and lighting indices, which could be easily modulated to prevent hospitalization-related insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mangini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Gianluca Giusti
- Chronobiology Section, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | | | - Rodolfo Costa
- Chronobiology Section, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | - Debra J Skene
- Chronobiology Section, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Daniela Basso
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lisa Battagliarin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Iuav University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Bella
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Angeli
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Montagnese
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Chronobiology Section, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Nasiri K, Shriniy M, Pashaki NJ, Aghamohammadi V, Saeidi S, Mirzaee M, Soodmand M, Najafi E. The effect of foot bath on sleep quality in the elderly: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:191. [PMID: 38408926 PMCID: PMC10898139 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Population aging is a problem that has affected most countries in the world. Poor-quality sleep is a common complaint among the elderly. Foot baths are a method of heat therapy and are performed as an independent nursing care in different departments. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of foot baths with spa on improving the sleep quality of the elderly. METHODS This research is a systematic review. We systematically searched six databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and the World Health Organization databases, to retrieve the related articles based on the keywords used in our search strategy from 2010 to March 2023. RESULT Finally, 10 articles were included in this study. All studies were randomized controlled trial (RCTs) and semi-experimental. In all 9 studies, the positive effects of the foot bath were reported. In 9 studies, the effect of foot baths with water above 40 degrees Celsius was reported. The PSQR questionnaire was used in most of the studies. CONCLUSION The total findings of this study showed that due to the high prevalence of sleep problems in the elderly, foot baths with warm water can be used as an easy, simple, and safe nursing intervention to improve sleep quality. Therefore, it can be used in nursing homes and hospitals. It is also a non-pharmacological and inexpensive nursing intervention that can be implemented by the elderly themselves after training by community health nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Nasiri
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shriniy
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nursing, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
| | - Nazila Javadi Pashaki
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
| | | | - Solmaz Saeidi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mirzaee
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Soodmand
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
| | - Esmail Najafi
- Department of Public Health, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran.
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Negoro H, Nakamoto I, Uiji S, Matsushima Y, Mathis BJ, Kanikowska D, Wakamura T. Diurnal differences in urine flow in healthy young men in a light-controlled environment: a randomized crossover design. J Physiol Anthropol 2023; 42:27. [PMID: 37978565 PMCID: PMC10655426 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-023-00346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older men often experience nocturnal urination difficulties, reflected by diurnal differences in maximum urine flow (Qmax). Since lower urinary tract symptoms and pathological comorbidities are frequent in older men, it remains unclear whether this diurnal variation is a physiological or pathological phenomenon. Our aim was to quantify the diurnal variability of Qmax in healthy young participants under varying daylight conditions in a stable environment to discern potential underlying causes of nocturnal urination difficulties. METHODS Twenty-one healthy young men were recruited in a 4-day study utilizing daytime (08:00-18:00) exposure with two light conditions in randomized order: dim (< 50 lx) or bright (~2500 lx). Day 1 was for acclimation, and urine flow was assessed from day 2. The participants urinated ad libitum during day 2 and then at fixed 3-4-h intervals thereafter (days 3-4). Regular urination Qmax at late night (04:00) on day 4 was compared with the nearest voided volume during daytime of day 3 (mDay). RESULTS Morning Qmax scores (after bed-11:00) on day 2 were significantly lower than evening (17:00-before pre-sleep) in bright conditions and those of daytime (11:00-17:00), evening (17:00-before pre-sleep), and pre-sleep in dim conditions. Pre-sleep Qmax during the ad libitum period was significantly higher in dim than bright conditions. Late-night Qmax values (04:00) on day 4 were significantly lower than Qmax scores of mDay on day 3 in both light conditions. CONCLUSIONS Healthy young men had a clear diurnal Qmax difference that decreased during late night and morning. In addition, the pre-sleep Qmax values in dim daylight were significantly higher than in bright daylight. Taken together, we conclude that late-night and morning decreases in Qmax are an instinctive physiological phenomenon in humans, and the diurnal difference of Qmax can be influenced by daylight conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Negoro
- Department of Urology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Isuzu Nakamoto
- Department of Gerontological and Home Healthcare Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Sayaka Uiji
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Matsushima
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bryan J Mathis
- International Medical Center, University of Tsukuba Affiliated Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Dominika Kanikowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomoko Wakamura
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Frid LM, Kessler U, Ousdal OT, Hammar Å, Haavik J, Riemer F, Hirnstein M, Ersland L, Erchinger VJ, Ronold EH, Nygaard G, Jakobsen P, Craven AR, Osnes B, Alisauskiene R, Bartsch H, Le Hellard S, Stavrum AK, Oedegaard KJ, Oltedal L. Neurobiological mechanisms of ECT and TMS treatment in depression: study protocol of a multimodal magnetic resonance investigation. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:791. [PMID: 37904091 PMCID: PMC10617235 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive neurostimulation treatments are increasingly being used to treat major depression, which is a common cause of disability worldwide. While electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are both effective in treating depressive episodes, their mechanisms of action are, however, not completely understood. ECT is given under general anesthesia, where an electrical pulse is administered through electrodes placed on the patient's head to trigger a seizure. ECT is used for the most severe cases of depression and is usually not prescribed before other options have failed. With TMS, brain stimulation is achieved through rapidly changing magnetic fields that induce electric currents underneath a ferromagnetic coil. Its efficacy in depressive episodes has been well documented. This project aims to identify the neurobiological underpinnings of both the effects and side effects of the neurostimulation techniques ECT and TMS. METHODS The study will utilize a pre-post case control longitudinal design. The sample will consist of 150 subjects: 100 patients (bipolar and major depressive disorder) who are treated with either ECT (N = 50) or TMS (N = 50) and matched healthy controls (N = 50) not receiving any treatment. All participants will undergo multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as neuropsychological and clinical assessments at multiple time points before, during and after treatment. Arterial spin labeling MRI at baseline will be used to test whether brain perfusion can predict outcomes. Signs of brain disruption, potentiation and rewiring will be explored with resting-state functional MRI, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and multishell diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Clinical outcome will be measured by clinician assessed and patient reported outcome measures. Memory-related side effects will be investigated, and specific tests of spatial navigation to test hippocampal function will be administered both before and after treatment. Blood samples will be stored in a biobank for future analyses. The observation time is 6 months. Data will be explored in light of the recently proposed disrupt, potentiate and rewire (DPR) hypothesis. DISCUSSION The study will contribute data and novel analyses important for our understanding of neurostimulation as well as for the development of enhanced and more personalized treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05135897.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Marie Frid
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ute Kessler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olga Therese Ousdal
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Åsa Hammar
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, , Psychiatry Research Skåne, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - Jan Haavik
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank Riemer
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marco Hirnstein
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Ersland
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vera Jane Erchinger
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eivind Haga Ronold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gyrid Nygaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Petter Jakobsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- NORMENT, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexander R Craven
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Berge Osnes
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Hauke Bartsch
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne-Kristin Stavrum
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ketil J Oedegaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- NORMENT, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Leif Oltedal
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Brooks TG, Lahens NF, Grant GR, Sheline YI, FitzGerald GA, Skarke C. Diurnal rhythms of wrist temperature are associated with future disease risk in the UK Biobank. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5172. [PMID: 37620332 PMCID: PMC10449859 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many chronic disease symptomatologies involve desynchronized sleep-wake cycles, indicative of disrupted biorhythms. This can be interrogated using body temperature rhythms, which have circadian as well as sleep-wake behavior/environmental evoked components. Here, we investigated the association of wrist temperature amplitudes with a future onset of disease in the UK Biobank one year after actigraphy. Among 425 disease conditions (range n = 200-6728) compared to controls (range n = 62,107-91,134), a total of 73 (17%) disease phenotypes were significantly associated with decreased amplitudes of wrist temperature (Benjamini-Hochberg FDR q < 0.05) and 26 (6.1%) PheCODEs passed a more stringent significance level (Bonferroni-correction α < 0.05). A two-standard deviation (1.8° Celsius) lower wrist temperature amplitude corresponded to hazard ratios of 1.91 (1.58-2.31 95% CI) for NAFLD, 1.69 (1.53-1.88) for type 2 diabetes, 1.25 (1.14-1.37) for renal failure, 1.23 (1.17-1.3) for hypertension, and 1.22 (1.11-1.33) for pneumonia (phenome-wide atlas available at http://bioinf.itmat.upenn.edu/biorhythm_atlas/ ). This work suggests peripheral thermoregulation as a digital biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Brooks
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Nicholas F Lahens
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gregory R Grant
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yvette I Sheline
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carsten Skarke
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Salazar A, von Hagen J. Circadian Oscillations in Skin and Their Interconnection with the Cycle of Life. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065635. [PMID: 36982706 PMCID: PMC10051430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodically oscillating biological processes, such as circadian rhythms, are carefully concerted events that are only beginning to be understood in the context of tissue pathology and organismal health, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions. Recent reports indicate that light can independently entrain peripheral circadian clocks, challenging the currently prevalent hierarchical model. Despite the recent progress that has been made, a comprehensive overview of these periodic processes in skin is lacking in the literature. In this review, molecular circadian clock machinery and the factors that govern it have been highlighted. Circadian rhythm is closely linked to immunological processes and skin homeostasis, and its desynchrony can be linked to the perturbation of the skin. The interplay between circadian rhythm and annual, seasonal oscillations, as well as the impact of these periodic events on the skin, is described. Finally, the changes that occur in the skin over a lifespan are presented. This work encourages further research into the oscillating biological processes occurring in the skin and lays the foundation for future strategies to combat the adverse effects of desynchrony, which would likely have implications in other tissues influenced by periodic oscillatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Salazar
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Jörg von Hagen
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Life Science Engineering, University Applied Sciences, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Gießen, Germany
- ryon—GreenTech Accelerator Gernsheim GmbH, Mainzer Str. 41, 64579 Gernsheim, Germany
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7
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Skarke C, Brooks T, Lahens N, Grant G, Sheline Y, FitzGerald G. Diurnal rhythmicity of wearable device-measured wrist temperature predicts future disease incidence in the UK Biobank. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2535978. [PMID: 36824952 PMCID: PMC9949244 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2535978/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Many chronic disease symptomatologies involve desynchronized sleep-wake cycles, indicative of disrupted biorhythms. This can be interrogated using body temperature rhythms, which are well-established biomarkers for circadian clock function. Here, we investigated the association of wrist temperature amplitudes with a future onset of disease in the UK Biobank one year after actigraphy. Among 425 disease conditions (range n = 200-6,728) compared to controls (range n = 62,107 - 91,134), a total of 73 (36.5%) disease phenotypes were significantly associated with decreased amplitudes of wrist temperature (Benjamini-Hochberg FDR q < 0.05) and 26 (13%) PheCODEs passed a more stringent significance level (Bonferroni-correction α < 0.05). Here, for example, a two-standard deviation (1.8° Celsius) lower wrist temperature amplitude corresponded to hazard ratios of 1.91 (1.58-2.31 95% CI) for NAFLD, 1.69 (1.53-1.88) for type 2 diabetes, 1.25 (1.14-1.37) for renal failure, 1.23 (1.17-1.3) for hypertension, and 1.22 (1.11-1.33) for pneumonia. A comprehensive phenome-wide atlas of the identified mappings has been made available at http://bioinf.itmat.upenn.edu/biorhythm_atlas/. These findings strongly suggest peripheral thermoregulation as a digital biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gregory Grant
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), University of Pennsylvania; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
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Effect of time-of-day on human dynamic thermal perception. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2367. [PMID: 36759630 PMCID: PMC9911694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Implementing heating and cooling set-point temperature modulations in buildings can promote energy savings and boost energy flexibility. However, time and time-of-day requirements in current indoor climate regulations are either overly simplified or ignored completely. A better understanding of how human thermal responses vary throughout the day is useful to effectively design and operate energy-flexible buildings. To date, only a handful of studies have looked at diurnal changes in thermal perception and mostly near steady-state neutrality without controlling for light exposure. This is the first experimental investigation aimed at understanding how the time of the day influences physiological and subjective human sensory responses to a localized dynamic thermal stimulus under constant light rich in long wavelengths (red). Results indicated that humans responded physiologically differently depending on the time of the day with a higher rate of change in the skin temperature in the evening compared with the afternoon. Furthermore, the increase of thermal sensation during the warming skin temperature transients was found to be greater in the evening. No differences were observed under steady-state thermal conditions. This evidence suggests that accounting for the time of the day is important when dynamically operating buildings, such as during demand-response programs.
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Pakarinen T, Joutsen A, Oksala N, Vehkaoja A. Assessment of chronic limb threatening ischemia using thermal imaging. J Therm Biol 2023; 112:103467. [PMID: 36796912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) diagnostics require expensive equipment, using ionizing radiation or contrast agents, or summative surrogate methods lacking in spatial information. Our aim is to develop and improve contactless, non-ionizing and cost-effective diagnostic methods for CLTI assessment with high spatial accuracy by utilizing dynamic thermal imaging and the angiosome concept. APPROACH Dynamic thermal imaging test protocol was suggested and implemented with a number of computational parameters. Pilot data was measured from 3 healthy young subjects, 4 peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients and 4 CLTI patients. The protocol consists of clinical reference measurements, including ankle- and toe-brachial indices (ABI, TBI), and a modified patient bed for hydrostatic and thermal modulation tests. The data was analyzed using bivariate correlation. RESULTS The thermal recovery time constant was on average higher for the PAD (88%) and CLTI (83%) groups with respect to the healthy young subjects. The contralateral symmetry was high for the healthy young group and low for the CLTI group. The recovery time constants showed high negative correlation to TBI (ρ = -0.73) and ABI (ρ = -0.60). The relation of these clinical parameters to the hydrostatic response and absolute temperatures (|ρ|<0.3) remained unclear. CONCLUSION The lack of correlation for absolute temperatures or their contralateral differences with the clinical status, ABI and TBI disputes their use in CLTI diagnostics. Thermal modulation tests tend to augment the signs of thermoregulation deficiencies and accordingly high correlations were found with all reference metrics. The method is promising for establishing the connection between impaired perfusion and thermography. The hydrostatic modulation test requires more research with stricter test conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomppa Pakarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Postal: Tampereen Yliopisto, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Atte Joutsen
- Department of Medical Physics, Medical Imaging Center, Tampere University Hospital, Postal: Sädetie 6, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Niku Oksala
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Postal: Tampereen Yliopisto, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland; Vascular Surgery and Procedural Radiology, Tampere University Hospital, Postal: Elämänaukio 2, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Antti Vehkaoja
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Postal: Tampereen Yliopisto, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland.
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10
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Lok R, Woelders T, van Koningsveld MJ, Oberman K, Fuhler SG, Beersma DGM, Hut RA. Bright Light Decreases Peripheral Skin Temperature in Healthy Men: A Forced Desynchrony Study Under Dim and Bright Light (II). J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:417-428. [PMID: 35723003 PMCID: PMC9326805 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221096948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human thermoregulation is strictly regulated by the preoptic area of the hypothalamus, which is directly influenced by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The main input pathway of the SCN is light. Here, thermoregulatory effects of light were assessed in humans in a forced desynchrony (FD) design. The FD experiment was performed in dim light (DL, 6 lux) and bright white light (BL, 1300 lux) in 8 men in a semi-randomized within-subject design. A 4 × 18 h FD protocol (5 h sleep, 13 h wake) was applied, with continuous core body temperature (CBT) and skin temperature measurements at the forehead, clavicles, navel, palms, foot soles and toes. Skin temperature parameters indicated sleep-wake modulations as well as internal clock variations. All distal skin temperature parameters increased during sleep, when CBT decreased. Light significantly affected temperature levels during the wake phase, with decreased temperature measured at the forehead and toes and increased navel and clavicular skin temperatures. These effects persisted when the lights were turned off for sleep. Circadian amplitude of CBT and all skin temperature parameters decreased significantly during BL exposure. Circadian proximal skin temperatures cycled in phase with CBT, while distal skin temperatures cycled in anti-phase, confirming the idea that distal skin regions reflect heat dissipation and proximal regions approximate CBT. In general, we find that increased light intensity exposure may have decreased heat loss in humans, especially at times when the circadian system promotes sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lok
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherland.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.,University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - T Woelders
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherland
| | - M J van Koningsveld
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherland
| | - K Oberman
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherland
| | - S G Fuhler
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherland
| | - D G M Beersma
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherland
| | - R A Hut
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherland
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11
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Ghorbani S, Golkashani HA, Chee NIYN, Teo TB, Dicom AR, Yilmaz G, Leong RLF, Ong JL, Chee MWL. Multi-Night at-Home Evaluation of Improved Sleep Detection and Classification with a Memory-Enhanced Consumer Sleep Tracker. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:645-660. [PMID: 35444483 PMCID: PMC9015046 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s359789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the benefits of applying an improved sleep detection and staging algorithm on minimally processed multi-sensor wearable data collected from older generation hardware. PATIENTS AND METHODS 58 healthy, East Asian adults aged 23-69 years (M = 37.10, SD = 13.03, 32 males), each underwent 3 nights of PSG at home, wearing 2nd Generation Oura Rings equipped with additional memory to store raw data from accelerometer, infra-red photoplethysmography and temperature sensors. 2-stage and 4-stage sleep classifications using a new machine-learning algorithm (Gen3) trained on a diverse and independent dataset were compared to the existing consumer algorithm (Gen2) for whole-night and epoch-by-epoch metrics. RESULTS Gen 3 outperformed its predecessor with a mean (SD) accuracy of 92.6% (0.04), sensitivity of 94.9% (0.03), and specificity of 78.5% (0.11); corresponding to a 3%, 2.8% and 6.2% improvement from Gen2 across the three nights, with Cohen's d values >0.39, t values >2.69, and p values <0.01. Notably, Gen 3 showed robust performance comparable to PSG in its assessment of sleep latency, light sleep, rapid eye movement (REM), and wake after sleep onset (WASO) duration. Participants <40 years of age benefited more from the upgrade with less measurement bias for total sleep time (TST), WASO, light sleep and sleep efficiency compared to those ≥40 years. Males showed greater improvements on TST and REM sleep measurement bias compared to females, while females benefitted more for deep sleep measures compared to males. CONCLUSION These results affirm the benefits of applying machine learning and a diverse training dataset to improve sleep measurement of a consumer wearable device. Importantly, collecting raw data with appropriate hardware allows for future advancements in algorithm development or sleep physiology to be retrospectively applied to enhance the value of longitudinal sleep studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Ghorbani
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hosein Aghayan Golkashani
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas I Y N Chee
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teck Boon Teo
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew Roshan Dicom
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gizem Yilmaz
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruth L F Leong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ju Lynn Ong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael W L Chee
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Boivin DB, Boudreau P, Kosmadopoulos A. Disturbance of the Circadian System in Shift Work and Its Health Impact. J Biol Rhythms 2021; 37:3-28. [PMID: 34969316 PMCID: PMC8832572 DOI: 10.1177/07487304211064218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The various non-standard schedules required of shift workers force abrupt changes in the timing of sleep and light-dark exposure. These changes result in disturbances of the endogenous circadian system and its misalignment with the environment. Simulated night-shift experiments and field-based studies with shift workers both indicate that the circadian system is resistant to adaptation from a day- to a night-oriented schedule, as determined by a lack of substantial phase shifts over multiple days in centrally controlled rhythms, such as those of melatonin and cortisol. There is evidence that disruption of the circadian system caused by night-shift work results not only in a misalignment between the circadian system and the external light-dark cycle, but also in a state of internal desynchronization between various levels of the circadian system. This is the case between rhythms controlled by the central circadian pacemaker and clock genes expression in tissues such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells, hair follicle cells, and oral mucosa cells. The disruptive effects of atypical work schedules extend beyond the expression profile of canonical circadian clock genes and affects other transcripts of the human genome. In general, after several days of living at night, most rhythmic transcripts in the human genome remain adjusted to a day-oriented schedule, with dampened group amplitudes. In contrast to circadian clock genes and rhythmic transcripts, metabolomics studies revealed that most metabolites shift by several hours when working nights, thus leading to their misalignment with the circadian system. Altogether, these circadian and sleep-wake disturbances emphasize the all-encompassing impact of night-shift work, and can contribute to the increased risk of various medical conditions. Here, we review the latest scientific evidence regarding the effects of atypical work schedules on the circadian system, sleep and alertness of shift-working populations, and discuss their potential clinical impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane B Boivin
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Boudreau
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anastasi Kosmadopoulos
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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13
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Vellei M, Chinazzo G, Zitting KM, Hubbard J. Human thermal perception and time of day: A review. Temperature (Austin) 2021; 8:320-341. [PMID: 34901316 PMCID: PMC8654484 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2021.1976004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates diurnal variations in autonomic thermoregulatory processes such as core body temperature in humans. Thus, we might expect that similar daily fluctuations also characterize human thermal perception, the ultimate role of which is to drive thermoregulatory behaviors. In this paper, we explore this question by reviewing experimental and observational thermal comfort investigations which include the "time of day" variable. We found only 21 studies considering this factor, and not always as their primary analysis. Due to the paucity of studies and the lack of a specific focus on time-of-day effects, the results are difficult to compare and appear on the whole contradictory. However, we observe a tendency for individuals to prefer higher ambient temperatures in the early evening as compared to the rest of the day, a result in line with the physiological decrease of the core body temperature over the evening. By drawing from literature on the physiology of thermoregulation and circadian rhythms, we outline some potential explanations for the inconsistencies observed in the findings, including a potential major bias due to the intensity and spectrum of the selected light conditions, and provide recommendations for conducting future target studies in highly-controlled laboratory conditions. Such studies are strongly encouraged as confirmed variations of human thermal perceptions over the day would have enormous impact on building operations, thus on energy consumption and occupant comfort. List of abbreviations: TSV: Thermal Sensation Vote; TCV: Thermal Comfort Vote; Tpref: Preferred Temperature; TA: Indoor Air Temperature; RH: Indoor Relative Humidity; Tskin: Skin Temperature; Tty: Tympanic Temperature; Tre: Rectal Temperature; Toral: Oral Temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Vellei
- Laboratory of Engineering Sciences for the Environment (LaSIE) (Umr Cnrs 7356), La Rochelle University, La Rochelle, France
| | - Giorgia Chinazzo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA
| | - Kirsi-Marja Zitting
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Ma, USA
| | - Jeffrey Hubbard
- Laboratory of Integrated Performance in Design (Lipid), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (Enac), École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne (Epfl), Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Zhu TY, Rothenbühler M, Hamvas G, Hofmann A, Welter J, Kahr M, Kimmich N, Shilaih M, Leeners B. The Accuracy of Wrist Skin Temperature in Detecting Ovulation Compared to Basal Body Temperature: Prospective Comparative Diagnostic Accuracy Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e20710. [PMID: 34100763 PMCID: PMC8238491 DOI: 10.2196/20710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As a daily point measurement, basal body temperature (BBT) might not be able to capture the temperature shift in the menstrual cycle because a single temperature measurement is present on the sliding scale of the circadian rhythm. Wrist skin temperature measured continuously during sleep has the potential to overcome this limitation. Objective This study compares the diagnostic accuracy of these two temperatures for detecting ovulation and to investigate the correlation and agreement between these two temperatures in describing thermal changes in menstrual cycles. Methods This prospective study included 193 cycles (170 ovulatory and 23 anovulatory) collected from 57 healthy women. Participants wore a wearable device (Ava Fertility Tracker bracelet 2.0) that continuously measured the wrist skin temperature during sleep. Daily BBT was measured orally and immediately upon waking up using a computerized fertility tracker with a digital thermometer (Lady-Comp). An at-home luteinizing hormone test was used as the reference standard for ovulation. The diagnostic accuracy of using at least one temperature shift detected by the two temperatures in detecting ovulation was evaluated. For ovulatory cycles, repeated measures correlation was used to examine the correlation between the two temperatures, and mixed effect models were used to determine the agreement between the two temperature curves at different menstrual phases. Results Wrist skin temperature was more sensitive than BBT (sensitivity 0.62 vs 0.23; P<.001) and had a higher true-positive rate (54.9% vs 20.2%) for detecting ovulation; however, it also had a higher false-positive rate (8.8% vs 3.6%), resulting in lower specificity (0.26 vs 0.70; P=.002). The probability that ovulation occurred when at least one temperature shift was detected was 86.2% for wrist skin temperature and 84.8% for BBT. Both temperatures had low negative predictive values (8.8% for wrist skin temperature and 10.9% for BBT). Significant positive correlation between the two temperatures was only found in the follicular phase (rmcorr correlation coefficient=0.294; P=.001). Both temperatures increased during the postovulatory phase with a greater increase in the wrist skin temperature (range of increase: 0.50 °C vs 0.20 °C). During the menstrual phase, the wrist skin temperature exhibited a greater and more rapid decrease (from 36.13 °C to 35.80 °C) than BBT (from 36.31 °C to 36.27 °C). During the preovulatory phase, there were minimal changes in both temperatures and small variations in the estimated daily difference between the two temperatures, indicating an agreement between the two curves. Conclusions For women interested in maximizing the chances of pregnancy, wrist skin temperature continuously measured during sleep is more sensitive than BBT for detecting ovulation. The difference in the diagnostic accuracy of these methods was likely attributed to the greater temperature increase in the postovulatory phase and greater temperature decrease during the menstrual phase for the wrist skin temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Y Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Györgyi Hamvas
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Hofmann
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - JoEllen Welter
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maike Kahr
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Kimmich
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Brigitte Leeners
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Mazri FH, Manaf ZA, Shahar S, Mat Ludin AF, Karim NA, Ban AYL, Osman RA. Modified Munich chronotype questionnaire for application to short-interval split sleep of non-shift workers. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:659-665. [PMID: 33733959 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1887209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) has been widely validated among various types of populations. However, determination of chronotype among individuals who have a split sleep pattern with short intervals between the first and second sleep bouts on free days has not yet been reported. This study aimed to validate the MCTQ modified for this purpose by assessing the actual sleep-wake timing against the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). The modified calculation for the midpoint of sleep on free days (MSF) of the split sleep pattern considers the second sleep bout as the total sleep duration on free days. We recruited 161 participants (mean age: 38.7 ± 7.8 years; 73% females, 29% with split sleep pattern) were recruited to administer the modified version of the MCTQ and MEQ. All of the MCTQ original parameters: midpoint of sleep on work days (MSW, r = -0.575), midpoint of sleep on free days (MSF, r = -0.568), and midpoint of sleep on free days corrected for sleep debt (MSFsc,r = -0.566) were significantly correlated with MEQ. The MEQ was further tested against MSF in four conditions of the split sleep pattern. The MSF modified for split sleep within 60 minutes after the first awakening showed highest correlation (r = -0.576) against MEQ score. The results demonstrate the modified version of MCTQ is valid to determine the chronotype in participants who practice consolidated and split sleep patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Hanani Mazri
- Dietetic Program and Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zahara Abdul Manaf
- Dietetic Program and Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Dietetic Program and Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin
- Biomedical Science Program and Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norwahidah Abdul Karim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Andrea Yu-Lin Ban
- Respiratory Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rose Azzlinda Osman
- Respiratory Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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16
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Austin E, Geisler AN, Nguyen J, Kohli I, Hamzavi I, Lim HW, Jagdeo J. Visible light. Part I: Properties and cutaneous effects of visible light. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 84:1219-1231. [PMID: 33640508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 50% of the sunlight reaching the Earth's surface is visible light (400-700 nm). Other sources of visible light include lasers, light-emitting diodes, and flash lamps. Photons from visible light are absorbed by photoreceptive chromophores (e.g., melanin, heme, and opsins), altering skin function by activating and imparting energy to chromophores. Additionally, visible light can penetrate the full thickness of the skin and induce pigmentation and erythema. Clinically, lasers and light devices are used to treat skin conditions by utilizing specific wavelengths and treatment parameters. Red and blue light from light-emitting diodes and intense pulsed light have been studied as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory treatments for acne. Pulsed dye lasers are used to treat vascular lesions in adults and infants. Further research is necessary to determine the functional significance of visible light on skin health without confounding the influence of ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Austin
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, New York
| | | | - Julie Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Indermeet Kohli
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Iltefat Hamzavi
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jared Jagdeo
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, New York.
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17
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Kaduk SI, Roberts APJ, Stanton NA. The circadian effect on psychophysiological driver state monitoring. THEORETICAL ISSUES IN ERGONOMICS SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1463922x.2020.1842548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia I. Kaduk
- Human Factors Engineering, Transportation Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron P. J. Roberts
- Human Factors Engineering, Transportation Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Neville A. Stanton
- Human Factors Engineering, Transportation Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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18
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Aghamohammadi V, Salmani R, Ivanbagha R, Effati Daryani F, Nasiri K. Footbath as a safe, simple, and non-pharmacological method to improve sleep quality of menopausal women. Res Nurs Health 2020; 43:621-628. [PMID: 33112004 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the adverse effects of medication we decided to provide a safe, economic, and easy intervention to decrease sleep problems in menopausal women. This trial aimed to determine the effect of footbath on sleep disturbance in postmenopausal women. One hundred menopausal women were randomly stratified using a permuted block randomization procedure by Random Allocation Software, and assigned to one of two study groups: control (without intervention, n = 50) and intervention (footbath, n = 50). The footbath group was asked to lie their feet into the warm water for 20 min in a container with a depth of 10 cm one hour before the usual sleeping time for 6 weeks. To assess sleep quality, we used the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). To evaluate severity of menopause symptoms, the Greene scale was applied. Before the intervention, 96% of the subjects in the footbath group and 94% in the control group were poor sleepers. The results of analysis of covariance showed significant improvement in sleep quality and decrease in severity of menopause signs in the footbath group compared to the control group. At the baseline, there was a statistically significant correlation between the severity of menopause signs and the global score of PSQI in all study individuals (p ≤ .001, r = .464). The present study findings showed that footbath intervention enhanced sleep quality in menopausal women. Thus, footbath as a safe, simple, and non-pharmacological application can improve quality of life in postmenopausal women and inhibit problems due to inadequate sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roghayeh Salmani
- Department of Midwifery, Khalkhal University of Medical sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Ivanbagha
- Department of Midwifery, Khalkhal University of Medical sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Effati Daryani
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Nasiri
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Khalkhal University of Medical sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
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Refinetti R. Circadian rhythmicity of body temperature and metabolism. Temperature (Austin) 2020; 7:321-362. [PMID: 33251281 PMCID: PMC7678948 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2020.1743605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the literature on the circadian rhythms of body temperature and whole-organism metabolism. The two rhythms are first described separately, each description preceded by a review of research methods. Both rhythms are generated endogenously but can be affected by exogenous factors. The relationship between the two rhythms is discussed next. In endothermic animals, modulation of metabolic activity can affect body temperature, but the rhythm of body temperature is not a mere side effect of the rhythm of metabolic thermogenesis associated with general activity. The circadian system modulates metabolic heat production to generate the body temperature rhythm, which challenges homeothermy but does not abolish it. Individual cells do not regulate their own temperature, but the relationship between circadian rhythms and metabolism at the cellular level is also discussed. Metabolism is both an output of and an input to the circadian clock, meaning that circadian rhythmicity and metabolism are intertwined in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Refinetti
- Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
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20
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de Assis LVM, Moraes MN, Castrucci AMDL. The molecular clock in the skin, its functionality, and how it is disrupted in cutaneous melanoma: a new pharmacological target? Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3801-3826. [PMID: 31222374 PMCID: PMC11105295 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the interface between the organism and the external environment, acting as its first barrier. Thus, this organ is constantly challenged by physical stimuli such as UV and infrared radiation, visible light, and temperature as well as chemicals and pathogens. To counteract the deleterious effects of the above-mentioned stimuli, the skin has complex defense mechanisms such as: immune and neuroendocrine systems; shedding of epidermal squamous layers and apoptosis of damaged cells; DNA repair; and pigmentary system. Here we have reviewed the current knowledge regarding which stimuli affect the molecular clock of the skin, the consequences to skin-related biological processes and, based on such knowledge, we suggest some therapeutic targets. We also explored the recent advances regarding the molecular clock disruption in melanoma, its impact on the carcinogenic process, and its therapeutic value in melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, R. do Matão, Trav. 14, No. 101, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Maria Nathalia Moraes
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, R. do Matão, Trav. 14, No. 101, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
- School of Health Science, University Anhembi Morumbi, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, R. do Matão, Trav. 14, No. 101, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil.
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21
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Sherratt MJ, Hopkinson L, Naven M, Hibbert SA, Ozols M, Eckersley A, Newton VL, Bell M, Meng QJ. Circadian rhythms in skin and other elastic tissues. Matrix Biol 2019; 84:97-110. [PMID: 31422155 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are daily oscillations that, in mammals, are driven by both a master clock, located in the brain, and peripheral clocks in cells and tissues. Approximately 10% of the transcriptome, including extracellular matrix components, is estimated to be under circadian control. Whilst it has been established that certain collagens and extracellular matrix proteases are diurnally regulated (for example in tendon, cartilage and intervertebral disc) the role played by circadian rhythms in mediating elastic fiber homeostasis is poorly understood. Skin, arteries and lungs are dynamic, resilient, elastic fiber-rich organs and tissues. In skin, circadian rhythms influence cell migration and proliferation, wound healing and susceptibility of the tissues to damage (from protease activity, oxidative stress and ultraviolet radiation). In the cardiovascular system, blood pressure and heart rate also follow age-dependent circadian rhythms whilst the lungs exhibit diurnal variations in immune response. In order to better understand these processes it will be necessary to characterise diurnal changes in extracellular matrix biology. In particular, given the sensitivity of peripheral clocks to external factors, the timed delivery of interventions (chronotherapy) has the potential to significantly improve the efficacy of treatments designed to repair and regenerate damaged cutaneous, vascular and pulmonary tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Sherratt
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Louise Hopkinson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK; Centre for Doctoral Training in Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, UK
| | - Mark Naven
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, UK
| | - Sarah A Hibbert
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Matiss Ozols
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander Eckersley
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - Mike Bell
- Walgreens Boots Alliance, Thane Rd, Nottingham, England, UK
| | - Qing-Jun Meng
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, UK
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22
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Melatonin: A Cutaneous Perspective on its Production, Metabolism, and Functions. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:490-499. [PMID: 29428440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, an evolutionarily ancient derivative of serotonin with hormonal properties, is the main neuroendocrine secretory product of the pineal gland. Although melatonin is best known to regulate circadian rhythmicity and lower vertebrate skin pigmentation, the full spectrum of functional activities of this free radical-scavenging molecule, which also induces/promotes complex antioxidative and DNA repair systems, includes immunomodulatory, thermoregulatory, and antitumor properties. Because this plethora of functional melatonin properties still awaits to be fully appreciated by dermatologists, the current review synthesizes the main features that render melatonin a promising candidate for the management of several dermatoses associated with substantial oxidative damage. We also review why melatonin promises to be useful in skin cancer prevention, skin photo- and radioprotection, and as an inducer of repair mechanisms that facilitate the recovery of human skin from environmental damage. The fact that human skin and hair follicles not only express functional melatonin receptors but also engage in substantial, extrapineal melatonin synthesis further encourages one to systematically explore how the skin's melatonin system can be therapeutically targeted in future clinical dermatology and enrolled for preventive medicine strategies.
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Costa CMA, Moreira DG, Sillero-Quintana M, Brito CJ, de Azambuja Pussieldi G, de Andrade Fernandes A, Cano SP, Bouzas Marins JC. Daily rhythm of skin temperature of women evaluated by infrared thermal imaging. J Therm Biol 2018; 72:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Rapid resetting of human peripheral clocks by phototherapy during simulated night shift work. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16310. [PMID: 29176713 PMCID: PMC5701225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A majority of night shift workers have their circadian rhythms misaligned to their atypical schedule. While bright light exposure at night is known to reset the human central circadian clock, the behavior of peripheral clocks under conditions of shift work is more elusive. The aim of the present study was to quantify the resetting effects of bright light exposure on both central (plasma cortisol and melatonin) and peripheral clocks markers (clock gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMCs) in subjects living at night. Eighteen healthy subjects were enrolled to either a control (dim light) or a bright light group. Blood was sampled at baseline and on the 4th day of simulated night shift. In response to a night-oriented schedule, the phase of PER1 and BMAL1 rhythms in PBMCs was delayed by ~2.5–3 h (P < 0.05), while no shift was observed for the other clock genes and the central markers. Three cycles of 8-h bright light induced significant phase delays (P < 0.05) of ~7–9 h for central and peripheral markers, except BMAL1 (advanced by +5h29; P < 0.05). Here, we demonstrate in humans a lack of peripheral clock adaptation under a night-oriented schedule and a rapid resetting effect of nocturnal bright light exposure on peripheral clocks.
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