1
|
Firouzabadi FD, Hesami M, Sheikhy A, Radmard M, Dabiri M, Ramezanpour S, Yousem DM. Representation of International Medical Graduates Among Diagnostic Radiology Chairs, Neuroradiology Chiefs, and Program Directors. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:3844-3850. [PMID: 38871553 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The number of international medical graduates (IMGs) entering radiology residencies and neuroradiology fellowships averaged 9.7% and 20.9% from 2021 to 2023, respectively. We aimed to determine whether IMG graduates are populating leadership roles at a proportionate rate in diagnostic radiology (DR) and neuroradiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS We surveyed 191 DR program directors, 94 neuroradiology program directors (PDs), 192 chairs of radiology, and 91 directors of neuroradiology inquiring about their original citizenship and medical school (American Medical Graduates [AMG] vs IMG). We reviewed institutional websites to obtain missing data and recorded H indices for each person using Scopus. RESULTS We confirmed the original citizenship and medical school location in 61-75% and 93-98% of each leadership group. We found that 16.2% of DR program directors, 43.7% of neuroradiology PDs, 28.5% of Chairs, and 40.6% of neuroradiology directors were not originally US citizens. The IMG rate was 18/188 (9.6%), 20/90 (22.2%), 26/186 (14.0%), and 19/85 (22.4%) for the same groups respectively. The most common country of origin and medical school cited was India for all leadership groups. IMGs had a median H index of 14 while AMG 10, significantly different (p = 0.021) CONCLUSION: Compared to the rate of diagnostic and neuroradiology trainees entering from 2021 to 2023, IMGs are proportionately represented at the leadership positions studied. The H index of the IMGs was higher than AMG. We conclude that IMGs have made substantial and proportionate inroads in radiology and neuroradiology leadership.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mina Hesami
- Section of Emergency Ultrasound, Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ali Sheikhy
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahla Radmard
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mona Dabiri
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - David M Yousem
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Joarder I, Ahmadi S, Ding J, Khosa F. Gender and race in radiology: An intersectional analysis of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) database from 1966 to 2021. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2024:S0363-0188(24)00125-7. [PMID: 39033063 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe trends in gender and racial representation within academic radiology in the United States over a 55-year period from 1966 to 2021. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the American Association of Medical Colleges database of radiology faculty members from 1966 to 2021 was conducted. Trends in academic rank and tenure status for five different ethnoracial groups (White, Asian, Black, Hispanic, and Native American) each subdivided into two gender identities (men and women) were analyzed. The proportional change over time of each demographic group per outcome was analyzed with linear regression models. RESULTS Between 1966 and 2021, White men comprised the largest demographic in academic radiology each year. A significant decrease in both White individuals (-0.51 % per year) and men (-0.30 % per year) were observed over the study period. Additionally, the only demographic groups with meaningful changes in representation were White women (+0.20 % per year) and Asian men (+0.23 % per year), followed by Asian women in later years. Underrepresented minority groups (Black, Hispanic and Native American) collectively comprised less than 5 % of all academic radiologists. Finally, within each demographic group, the representation of women consistently lagged behind men. Despite these relative increases, in 2021, the majority of US academic radiologists were White (59.1 %) and male (70.1 %). CONCLUSION Historically underrepresented minorities, especially women within these groups, continue to face discrimination and are consistently the least represented in radiology. Initiatives that incorporate the intersectionality framework are imperative to break this cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishraq Joarder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shukria Ahmadi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Ding
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of BC, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, BC Cancer Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
McCloskey C, Hince DA, Timler A, Oh JG, Langton P, Lee E. Gender diversity in radiology: Shedding light on the 256 shades of grey. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2024; 68:361-368. [PMID: 38654599 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite medical school cohorts being composed of approximately 50% men and women, trainee positions in Clinical Radiology remain predominantly occupied by men. This study aims to identify reasons behind the gender gap, explore why more women are not pursuing a career in Clinical Radiology and to assess if there are gender differences in these reasons. METHODS Prospective multi-centre study using a voluntary, anonymous questionnaire aimed at senior Medical Students and Junior Doctors. RESULTS A total of 318 participants responded to the questionnaire - 197 women (61.9%), 114 men (35.8%), 4 non-binary (1.3%), 2 preferred not to answer gender (0.6%), 1 I/they (0.3%). The most common reasons for not considering Clinical Radiology as a specialty include 'perceived limited patient contact' (62%), 'never/rarely exposed to it' (59%) and 'too lonely' (49%). Reasons with the largest gender discrepancies were 'too technology heavy' and 'limited patient contact', both cited more frequently by women. Most respondents indicated that their opinions of Clinical Radiology may change with more exposure during medical school, more patient contact and more mentorship. CONCLUSION This study has revealed multiple reasons why women may not pursue specialty training in Clinical Radiology. Notable differences were found in the reasonings provided by men and women. Limited Clinical Radiology exposure and mentorship in medical school result in a lack of interest in this specialty as a career option. A proposed solution is to offer more medical school lectures and more junior doctor rotations to debunk stereotypes that may be negatively impacting opinions on Clinical Radiology. More mentorship of Medical Students and Junior Doctors, particularly from women, may also help decrease the gender gap.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassie McCloskey
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dana A Hince
- Institute for Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, Midwifery and Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda Timler
- Institute for Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, Midwifery and Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John G Oh
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Langton
- University of Notre Dame, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Emmeline Lee
- Western Ultrasound For Women, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Joarder I, Ahmadi S, Khosa F. Gender and Racial Diversity in Relation to Publication Rates at the Canadian Association of Radiology Annual Scientific Meetings 2016 to 2019. Can Assoc Radiol J 2024; 75:313-322. [PMID: 37965916 DOI: 10.1177/08465371231210473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the overall rate of publication of abstracts presented at the 2016 to 2019 Canadian Association of Radiology Annual Scientific Meeting (CAR ASM), with an emphasis on gender and racial diversity. Methods: Abstracts from publicly available past programs were analyzed using PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar for publication status, time to publication (TTP), author affiliation, and journal of publication. Past programs were used to determine the abstract format, abstract category, and the subspecialty and imaging modalities explored. First author demographics were identified using the Namsor software. Results: Four hundred and sixty-two abstract presentations were included in the analysis with an overall conversion rate of 34.63%. Two hundred and ninety-two (63.2%) of the first-authors were male-identified, of which 104 (35.62%) were published. In contrast, 170 (36.8%) were female-identified, of which 56 (32.94%) were published. Additionally, 50.87% first-authors were identified as white, 38.31% asian, 6.06% black, 4.76% latino, and 0.00% indigenous. While diversity was seen in demographics, 60% of publications had a white first-author. The following conversion rates were found: 40.85% white, 30.51% asian, 25% black, and 13.64% latino. In terms of abstract category, radiologist-in-training had the highest conversion rate at 60.71%. The median TTP was 14 months, with an average impact factor of 5.26. Conclusion: Less than half of abstracts at the 2016 to 2019 CAR ASM were published and both gender and racial disparities in relation to conversion rates were identified. Measures to improve publication rates and overall diversity in Radiology are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishraq Joarder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shukria Ahmadi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharma S, Hillier T, Parsons M, Glanc P, Miller E, Nguyen ET, Doria AS, Dhillon S, Seely JM, Borgaonkar J, Yong-Hing CJ. Promoting Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in Medicine: A Comprehensive Toolkit for Change in Radiology. Can Assoc Radiol J 2024; 75:323-329. [PMID: 38063367 DOI: 10.1177/08465371231214232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This toolkit presents a comprehensive framework for a toolkit intended to increase equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) within the medical field and recommendations. We advocate for clear, comprehensive definitions and interpretations of fundamental EDI terms, laying the groundwork necessary for initiating and maintaining EDI initiatives. Furthermore, we offer a systematic approach to establishing EDI committees within medical departments, accentuating the pivotal role these committees play as they drive and steer EDI strategies. This toolkit also explores strategies tailored for the recruitment of a diverse workforce. This includes integral aspects such as developing inclusive job advertisements, implementing balanced search methods for candidates, conducting unbiased appraisals of applications, and structuring diverse hiring committees. The emphasis on these strategies not only augments the diversity within medical institutions but also sets the stage for a more holistic approach to healthcare delivery. Therefore, by adopting the recommended strategies and guidelines outlined in this framework, medical institutions and specifically radiology departments can foster an environment that embodies inclusivity and equity, thereby enhancing the quality of patient care and overall health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Sharma
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tracey Hillier
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marlee Parsons
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Phyllis Glanc
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Obstetrical Ultrasound Centre at Sunnybrook, Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elka Miller
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Ottawa, CHEO, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Elsie T Nguyen
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, 33540 Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea S Doria
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sukhvinder Dhillon
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jean M Seely
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joy Borgaonkar
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Charlotte J Yong-Hing
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Diagnostic Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khounsarian F, Abu-Omar A, Emara A, Marinescu D, Yong-Hing CJ, Ali IT, Khosa F. A trend, analysis, and solution on women's representation in diagnostic radiology in North America: a narrative review. Clin Imaging 2024; 109:110135. [PMID: 38547670 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2024.110135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Despite the demonstrated benefits of gender diversity in medicine, women in Radiology in North America are still underrepresented. We reviewed the literature to highlight the current status of women in Radiology in North America, identify the underlying causes of the gender gap, and provide potential strategies to close this gap. We conducted a narrative literature review using the terms ("Gender Disparity" OR "Gender Inequality") AND ("Radiology Department" OR "Radiology Residency"), searching data from April 2000 to April 2022 in Ovid Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus. Our results indicate that Radiology in North America lacks gender diversity in its subspecialties, academic leadership, and research productivity, which the COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated. Challenges stemming from a dearth of women role models, limited preclinical contact, and a high rate of burnout contribute to the current gender inequality. Several complementary and supplementary steps can enhance gender diversity in Radiology. These include increasing education and exposure to Radiology at earlier stages and optimizing mentorship opportunities to attract a more diverse pool of talent to the discipline. In addition, supporting resident parents and enhancing the residency program's culture can decrease the rate of burnout and encourage women to pursue careers and leadership positions in Radiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Abu-Omar
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Aida Emara
- Health Education England North East, United Kingdom
| | | | - Charlotte J Yong-Hing
- Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ismail Tawakol Ali
- Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Offiah AC, Atalabi OM, Epelman M, Khanna G. Disparities in paediatric radiology research publications from low- and lower middle-income countries: a time for change. Pediatr Radiol 2024; 54:468-477. [PMID: 37773442 PMCID: PMC10902002 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-023-05762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The positive impact of diversity on health research and outcomes is well-recognised and widely published. Despite this, published evidence shows that at every step of the research pathway, issues of equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) arise. There is evidence of a lack of diversity within research teams, in the research questions asked/research participants recruited, on grant review/funding panels, amongst funded researchers and on the editorial boards and reviewer pools of the journals to which results are submitted for peer-reviewed publication. Considering the journal Pediatric Radiology, while its editorial board of 92 members has at least one member affiliated to a country in every region of the world, the majority are in North America (n=52, 57%) and Europe (n=30, 33%) and only two (2%) are affiliated to institutions in a lower middle-income country (LMIC) (India, Nigeria), with one (1%) affiliated to an institution in an upper middle-income country (UMIC) (Peru) and none in a low-income country (LIC). Pediatric Radiology is "…the official journal of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology, the Society for Pediatric Radiology, the Asian and Oceanic Society for Pediatric Radiology and the Latin American Society of Pediatric Radiology". However, of the total number of manuscripts submitted for potential publication in the four years 2019 through 2022, only 0.03% were from a LIC and only 7.9% were from a LMIC. Further, the frequency of acceptance of manuscripts from UMIC was seven times higher than that from LMIC (no manuscripts were published from LIC). Increased collaboration is required between researchers across the globe to better understand the barriers to equity in the funding, conduct and publication of research from LIC and LMIC and to identify ways in which we can overcome them together.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amaka C Offiah
- Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Room 3, Damer Street Building, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK.
- Department of Radiology, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Omolola M Atalabi
- Department of Radiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Monica Epelman
- Department of Radiology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Geetika Khanna
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Silver A, Bentley H, Darras KE, Vertinsky AT. MI-RADS: An Innovative Mentorship Initiative to Improve Gender Disparity in Application to Diagnostic Radiology. Can Assoc Radiol J 2023; 74:766-767. [PMID: 36898694 DOI: 10.1177/08465371231160999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Silver
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Helena Bentley
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kathryn E Darras
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexandra T Vertinsky
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Taylor J, Sharma S, Supersad A, Miller E, Lebel K, Zabihaylo J, Glanc P, Doria AS, Cashin P, Hillier T, Yong-Hing CJ. Recommendations for Improvement of Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in the CaRMs Selection Process. Can Assoc Radiol J 2023; 74:624-628. [PMID: 37173872 DOI: 10.1177/08465371231174897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) in the medical field is crucial for meeting the healthcare needs of a progressively diverse society. A diverse physician workforce enables culturally sensitive care, promotes health equity, and enhances the comprehension of the various needs and viewpoints of patients, ultimately resulting in more effective treatments and improved patient outcomes. However, despite the recognized benefits of diversity in the medical field, certain specialties, such as Radiology, have struggled to achieve adequate equity, diversity and inclusion, which results in a discrepancy in the demographics of Canadian radiologists and the patients we serve. In this review, we propose strategies from a committee within the Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) EDI working group to improve EDI in the CaRMS selection process. By adopting these strategies, residency programs can foster a more diverse and inclusive environment that is better positioned to address the health needs of a progressively diverse patient population, leading to improved patient outcomes, greater patient satisfaction, and advancements in medical innovation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Taylor
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonali Sharma
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alanna Supersad
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, 2A2.41 WC Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Elka Miller
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kiana Lebel
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joanne Zabihaylo
- Department of Medical Imaging, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Phyllis Glanc
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea S Doria
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paula Cashin
- EDI Oversight Committee Member, Canadian Association Radiologists, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tracey Hillier
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Charlotte J Yong-Hing
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Diagnostic Imaging, BC Cancer Vancouver, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hillier E, Hodgson CS, Lebel K, Spalluto LB, Trop I, Yap WW, Hillier T, Darras KE, Sharma S, Yong-Hing CJ. Canadian radiology workforce demographics: Results from a national survey. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18852. [PMID: 37636473 PMCID: PMC10448061 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale and objective Demographic data collected about Canadian radiologists and trainees has been limited primarily to binary gender and geographic location. The purpose of this study was to investigate: (1) demographic characteristics of Canadian radiologists and trainees; (2) types of diversity important to radiologists; (3) relationship of radiologist demographics to practice characteristics; and (4) relationship of radiologist demographics to years in practice, (YIP). Materials and methods French and English surveys were distributed via email through radiology associations and social media. Frequency counts of demographic variables were calculated, and chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were performed to explore the relationships between demographic characteristics and role. Results 611 individuals responded to the survey. 573 respondents were included in the analysis. 454 (78.8%) were practicing radiologists and 119 (20.7%) were residents/fellows. Half identified as women (50.4%). English was the primary language for most respondents. There was an association between role and sexual orientation (p = 0.02), visible minority (χ2 = 4.79, p < 0.05), religion (χ2 = 4.11, p < 0.05), and having children (χ2 = 136.65, p < 0.05). For radiologists, being a visible minority (χ2 = 11.59, p < 0.05) and age (χ2 = 56.3, p < 0.05) were associated with academic rank while gender (χ2 = 3.83, p < 0.05) and age (χ2 = 13.74, p < 0.05) were related to part-/full-time status. Less women, visible minorities, and women with children had been in practice for long. Discussion This study represents a comprehensive analysis of Canadian radiology demographics. Results suggest there is increasing diversity among trainees; however, significant demographic underrepresentation compared to the diversity of Canada exists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol S. Hodgson
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Kiana Lebel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada
| | - Lucy B. Spalluto
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | | | - Wan Wan Yap
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tracey Hillier
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Sonali Sharma
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cusson T, Lebel K, Spalluto L, Hillier T, Darras K, Yong-Hing C. Recommendations for Improving Canadian Radiology Equity, Diversity and Inclusion. Can Assoc Radiol J 2023; 74:30-36. [PMID: 35617112 DOI: 10.1177/08465371221099956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) within Canadian radiology is critical for optimal patient care and to reduce health disparities. Although there are increasing national EDI initiatives, there is a paucity of resources available to assist radiology departments as the culture of EDI evolves and faculty and institutions are expected to incorporate EDI in their practice. We present practical recommendations for radiology departments, radiology training programs, and individual radiologists wishing or mandated to improve EDI in the workplace. Actionable strategies for creating an environment that promotes EDI, attracting and supporting diverse trainees, and for how individual radiologists can be allies are presented. These EDI strategies are imperative to provide the best patient care and to strengthen the future of Canadian radiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tasha Cusson
- Faculty of Medicine, 5622University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kiana Lebel
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, 5622University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lucy Spalluto
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, 12328Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Veterans Health Administration-Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tracey Hillier
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, 3158University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kathryn Darras
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charlotte Yong-Hing
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Diagnostic Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Southerst D, Bakaa N, Côté P, Macedo L, Carlesso L, MacDermid J, Mior S. Diversity of the chiropractic profession in Canada: a cross-sectional survey of Canadian Chiropractic Association members. Chiropr Man Therap 2022; 30:52. [PMID: 36494690 PMCID: PMC9733254 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-022-00463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the diversity of the chiropractic profession with respect to gender, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity and community of practice. This knowledge is important as profession representation of key equity seeking groups may impact quality of care and access for vulnerable communities. The aim of this cross-sectional survey was to explore the diversity of the chiropractic profession in Canada. METHODS All registered members of the Canadian Chiropractic Association (N = 7721) were invited to participate in a web-based survey between May and June 2021. Survey questions explored diversity with respect to personal demographics (age, sex, gender, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, language) and practice characteristics (community setting, practice type). Where possible, survey data was compared to data from the 2016 Census of the Canadian population. RESULTS We received a total of 3143 survey responses (response rate-41%). The average age of our sample was 44.7 years (standard deviation 12.7). Forty-five percent were female with the same proportion (45.2%) self-identifying as women. Ninety-one percent of the sample self-identified as heterosexual. With respect to race, 80% of respondents were Caucasian. Seventy percent of chiropractors in our sample identified with Canadian ancestry and 29% with European ancestry. In comparison to the Canadian population, some visible minorities were underrepresented. The greatest discrepancy between the Canadian population and our sample was in the proportion of Black and Indigenous chiropractors. With respect to ethnicity, chiropractors identifying themselves with Canadian ancestry were overrepresented in our sample compared to others, specifically those with North American Indigenous and South, Central and Latin American ancestry. Sixty-one percent of chiropractors practiced in major cities and most work in interdisciplinary clinics (42% Complementary and Alternative Medicine and 33% rehabilitation). CONCLUSIONS This study provides an initial description of diversity within the chiropractic profession in Canada. Women represent less than 50% of the profession nationally. Overall, there is little racial and ethnic diversity in the chiropractic profession compared to the Canadian population, with Black and Indigenous peoples being underrepresented. Future work should focus strategies to foster the development of a more diverse chiropractic workforce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Southerst
- Institute for Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada
| | - Nora Bakaa
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Pierre Côté
- Institute for Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada
| | - Luciana Macedo
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lisa Carlesso
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Joy MacDermid
- School of Physical Therapy, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Silvano Mior
- Institute for Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada.
- Division of Research, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yap WW, Hodgson CS, Spalluto L, Lebel K, Trop I, Hillier E, Darras K, Hillier T, Yong-Hing CJ. Canadian Radiology Gender Pay Gap-Reality or Myth? Can Assoc Radiol J 2022; 74:288-297. [PMID: 36223428 DOI: 10.1177/08465371221132465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Prior studies on Canadian physicians' income have demonstrated a gender pay gap (GPG); however, there is a paucity of data in the Radiology specialty. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine if practicing Canadian radiologists' self-reported income is related to gender, controlling for demographic and work variables. Methods: English and French online surveys were distributed by email and social media to radiologists and trainees (May-July 2021). The association between Gender (controlling for Ethnicity variables, Region, having Children, Full-/Part-Time work, and Academic position) and Self-Reported Income was examined using chi-square tests. Pearson correlations examined relationships between opinion variables. Analyses were conducted using SPSS V28.0. A priori significance was P < .05. Study had ethics approval. Results: Four hundred and fifty-four practicing Canadian radiologists responded. Majority were women (51.2%, n = 227), a non-visible Minority (71.7%, n = 317), and from Western Provinces (67.8%, n = 308). Significant relationship was established between Self-Reported Income and Gender (χ2 = 10.44, df = 2, P < .05). More men (70.6%, n = 120) than women (56.4%, n = 110), reported income "greater than $500 000"; fewer men (20.6%, n = 35) than women (35.9%, n = 70) reported "$300 000-$500 000"; a similar percent of men (8.8%, n = 15) and women (7.7%, n = 15) reported "less than $300 000." No relationship was found between self-reported income and gender for ethnicity variables, those without children, part-time, or non-academic radiologists. The opinion "Addressing the GPG is important" correlated to "Canadian Association of Radiologists should collect demographic data" (r = 0.63). Responses were low for ethnic minorities and non-western provinces. Conclusion: Our results suggest a GPG exists in Canadian radiology and is an important first step for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan W Yap
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, 12358Abbotsford Regional Hospital and Cancer Centre, Abbotsford, BC, Canada
| | - Carol S Hodgson
- Gilbert Chair Medical Education Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Alberta Institute Director IDEAS Office, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, 12357University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lucy Spalluto
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, 12328Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Veterans Health Administration-Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kiana Lebel
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, 12368University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Trop
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, 12368University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Hillier
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, 12357University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kathryn Darras
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tracey Hillier
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, 3158University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Charlotte J Yong-Hing
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Diagnostic Imaging, 8144BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ayesa SL, McEniery JC, Hill LS, McCloskey CE, Lee EH. Navigating the glass labyrinth: Addressing gender diversity in Australian and New Zealand representative radiology leadership. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2022; 67:155-161. [PMID: 36200663 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gender inequity among representative leadership in Clinical Radiology is a global issue, with the lack of gender diversity in leadership even more marked when compared to workforce representation. Women leaders face a disproportionate magnitude of seen and unseen challenges to leadership engagement and progression when compared to men (a 'glass labyrinth'), which is likely contributing to this discrepancy. The aim of the study was to examine and reflect on the state of gender diversity in representative leadership within the RANZCR Faculty of Clinical Radiology. METHODS Review of the 2021 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) Board, Clinical Radiology Faculty Council and local Branch Committees with regard to the numbers of women and men in representative roles. RESULTS In 2021, the RANZCR Board had no women representatives from Clinical Radiology (one woman representative from Radiation Oncology). 1/5 Clinical Radiology Faculty Council office Bearers were women. Local Branch Committees had 16.3% (13/80) women representatives. Three branches (the NSW, ACT and Victorian branches) had no women representatives. There were no women Committee Chairs, Branch Secretaries or Treasurers, with 2/7 Branch Education Officers women. CONCLUSION The issues underpinning gender inequality in representative leadership are complex and diverse, resulting in disproportionate losses of women radiologists along the leadership pathway compared to men. Unconscious biases, including assumptions of inferior capability, capacity and credibility among women radiologist leaders, create unique challenges at organisational, institutional and personal levels. Change cannot be achieved by passive momentum alone: concrete initiatives and active engagement are required. To improve leadership diversity, strategies must be multifaceted and supported at an organisational level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally L Ayesa
- Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Medical Imaging & Nuclear Medicine, Gosford & Wyong Hospitals, Gosford, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane C McEniery
- Department of Medical Imaging, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,QScan Radiology Clinics, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laura S Hill
- Department of Radiology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cassie E McCloskey
- Department of Medical Imaging, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Emmeline H Lee
- Western Ultrasound for Women, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Radiology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yan TD, Yuan PHS, Saha T, Lebel K, Spalluto L, Yong-Hing CJ. Female Authorship Trends Among Articles About Artificial Intelligence in North American Radiology Journals. Can Assoc Radiol J 2022; 74:264-271. [PMID: 36062579 DOI: 10.1177/08465371221122637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To examine trends in female authorship of peer-reviewed North American radiology articles centred around artificial intelligence (AI). Method: A bibliographic search was conducted for all AI-related articles published in four North American radiology journals. Collected data included the genders of the first and last (senior) authors, year and country. We compared the trends of female authorship using Pearson chi-square, Fisher exact tests and logistic regression models. Results: 453 articles met the inclusion criteria. Among these, 107 (22.3%) had a female first author and 97 (27.3%) had a female senior author. Female first authors were over three times more likely to publish with a female senior author. Among the four journals, the CARJ had the highest proportion of female senior authors at 45.5%. The only significant temporal trend identified was an increase over the years in female senior authors in Radiology. Twenty-four countries contributed to the included articles, with the largest contributors being the United States (n = 290) and Canada (n = 30). Of the countries contributing more than 15 articles, there were none with above 50% female authorship. Conclusions: Female authors are underrepresented in AI-related radiology literature. However, there has been an encouraging recent increase in female authorship in AI-related radiology articles trending towards significance. There is a great opportunity to improve female representation in AI with intentional mentorship and recruitment. We urge more platforms for female voices in radiology as AI becomes increasingly integrated into the radiology community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Yan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Tania Saha
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kiana Lebel
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lucy Spalluto
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Veterans Health Administration-Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Charlotte J Yong-Hing
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Diagnostic Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Khatchikian AD, Spalluto LB, Patlas MN, Yong-Hing CJ. Canadian Association of Radiologists Commitment to Equity, Diversity and Inclusion in Canadian Radiology. Can Assoc Radiol J 2022; 74:234-235. [PMID: 35786019 DOI: 10.1177/08465371221112663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aline D Khatchikian
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, 5620McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lucy B Spalluto
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, 12328Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Veterans Health Administration-Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael N Patlas
- Department of Radiology, 3710McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Charlotte J Yong-Hing
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Diagnostic Imaging, 8144BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yong-Hing CJ, Patlas MN, Khosa F. Pioneering EDI in Canadian Academic Radiology. Can Assoc Radiol J 2022; 73:614-615. [PMID: 35499091 DOI: 10.1177/08465371221099479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte J. Yong-Hing
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Diagnostic Imaging, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Faisal Khosa
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim KY, Kearsley EL, Yang HY, Walsh JP, Jain M, Hopkins L, Wazzan AB, Khosa F. Sticky Floor, Broken Ladder, and Glass Ceiling in Academic Obstetrics and Gynecology in the United States and Canada. Cureus 2022; 14:e22535. [PMID: 35345751 PMCID: PMC8956275 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the gender proportion in academic obstetrics and gynecology faculty across the United States and Canada and further assess any gender differences in academic ranks, leadership positions, and research productivity. Methods Obstetrics and gynecology programs were searched from the Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA) (n=145) and the Canadian Resident Matching Service (CaRMS) (n=13) to compile a database of gender and academic profiles of faculty physicians with Medical Doctorate (MD) or Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degrees. Elsevier's Scopus was used to gather individual research metrics for analysis, and the data were analyzed using Strata v14.2 (StataCorp. 2015. Stata Statistical Software: Release 14. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP). Results Among 3556 American and 689 Canadian Obstetrics and Gynaecology physicians, women comprised 60.9% and 61.4%, respectively. Among physicians with professorships, women physicians comprised 36.2% and 35.8% in the United States and Canada, respectively. When examining the gender proportion of physicians in leadership roles, women comprised 52.2% and 56.1% in the United States and Canada, respectively. The h-index between men and women physicians showed a significant difference overall in both the United States (p<0.001) and Canada (p<0.001), indicating that men have higher academic output. Conclusion Although the overall proportion of women academic staff physicians in Obstetrics and Gynaecology is higher than the proportion of men, there are more men who had a full professor rank. Men also had higher academic productivity.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lawley M, Dobson J, Heelan F, Manos D. Gender Distribution of Faculty Is Strongly Correlated With Resident Gender at Canadian Radiology Residency Programs. Can Assoc Radiol J 2022; 73:486-490. [PMID: 35086343 DOI: 10.1177/08465371211069325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women are underrepresented in radiology overall, in radiology subspecialties, and in radiology leadership and academic positions. It is unclear why this disparity persists despite greater gender diversification in medicine. We sought to determine if a correlation exists between the proportion of female faculty at an institution, and the proportion of female residents in the associated residency program across Canada. METHODS Faculty gender for each Canadian Diagnostic Imaging Residency Program was obtained through publicly available sources (departmental websites and provincial physician registries) in the fall of 2020. Resident gender data was obtained through a survey emailed to programs following the April 2021 CaRMS match. Data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Research ethics approval was obtained. RESULTS Faculty information was available for 15 of the 16 Canadian radiology residency programs (94%) and resident information was obtained for 16 programs (100% response rate). Overall, women accounted for 31.4% of radiologist faculty and 31.9% of radiology residents, with a wide range between institutions (19.5-47.8% for faculty and 13.3%-47.1% for residents). There was a strong positive correlation between the proportion of female faculty and the proportion of female residents within individual programs (r=0.73; R2=0.54; p=0.002). CONCLUSION Approximately one third of faculty and residents at Canadian Diagnostic Radiology residency programs were female but there was a wide range across the country with a strong correlation between faculty and resident gender distribution. Further exploration is warranted to determine causes of this correlation including the possible influence of role modeling, mentoring, female-friendly culture, and bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Lawley
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jessica Dobson
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Francine Heelan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Daria Manos
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yan TD, Mak LE, Carroll EF, Khosa F, Yong-Hing CJ. Gender-Inclusive Fellowship Naming and Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in Radiology: An Analysis of Radiology Department Websites in Canada and the United States. Can Assoc Radiol J 2022; 73:473-477. [PMID: 35019762 DOI: 10.1177/08465371211066104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Transgender and gender non-binary (TGNB) individuals face numerous inequalities in healthcare and there is substantial work to be done in fostering TGNB culturally competent care in radiology. A radiology department's online presence and use of gender-inclusive language are essential in promoting an environment of equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI). The naming of radiology fellowships and continuing medical education (CME) courses with terminology such as "Women's Imaging" indicates a lack of inclusivity to TGNB patients and providers, which could result in suboptimal patient care. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of all institutions in Canada and the United States (US) offering training in Breast Imaging, Women's Imaging, or Breast and Body Imaging. Data was collected from each institution's radiology department website pertaining to fellowship names, EDI involvement, and CME courses. Results: 8 Canadian and 71 US radiology fellowships were identified. 75% of Canadian and 90% of US fellowships had gender-inclusive names. One (12.5%) Canadian and 29 (41%) US institutions had EDI Committees mentioned on their websites. Among institutions publicly displaying CME courses about breast/body or women's imaging, gender-inclusive names were used in only 1 (25%) of the Canadian CME courses, compared to 81% of the US institutions. Conclusions: Most institutions in Canada and the US have gender-inclusive names for their radiology fellowships pertaining to breast and body imaging. However, there is much opportunity to and arguably the responsibility for institutions in both countries to increase the impact and visibility of their EDI efforts through creation of department-specific committees and CME courses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Yan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lauren E Mak
- Department of Radiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Faisal Khosa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Charlotte J Yong-Hing
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mosaic mentoring: finding the right mentor for the issue at hand. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:5480-5484. [PMID: 34716779 PMCID: PMC8556786 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mentoring has a vital role throughout the medical profession. Over the past few years, mentoring has become an area of focus as being an important aspect of radiologists’ career starting from the early trainee level. A variety of mentorship strategies have come to the forefront, allowing many avenues for those seeking to engage in mentorship as either a mentee or mentor. Mosaic mentoring is a new approach that emphasizes utilizing a collection of mentorship approaches to maximize outcomes based on individual and/or domain-specific needs. The purpose of our paper is to provide a brief overview of a variety of mentorship models while introducing the concept of mosaic mentoring and exploring how it can benefit radiologists throughout their career.
Collapse
|
22
|
Adham S, Rybicki FJ, Mahoney MC, Yong-Hing CJ, Khosa F. Analysis of Gender Disparity in US and Canadian Radiology Residency Programs. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2021; 51:21-24. [PMID: 33775505 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equity, diversity, and inclusion in academic radiology are a work in progress and although the gender gap has decreased, there remains a paucity of studies examining female representation among radiology trainees over the past decade. OBJECTIVE The aim of our undertaking was to evaluate gender parity in United States (US) and Canadian radiology residency programs and to suggest future directions to improve female representation MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of publicly available data on radiology residents from the US and Canada was performed from 2007to 2019. Data on diagnostic radiology residents was collected from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education for the US and the Canadian Post M.D. Education Registry for Canada. Statistical tests including regression and ANOVA were used to study the gender proportions from 2007to 2019. RESULTS There has been little progress in bridging the gender gap in the last 12 years. The proportion of female residents pursuing radiology has remained at an average of 26.74% (n = 1,238of 4,629) in US programs and 31.78% (n = 28 of88) in Canadian programs. The average change in the percentage of female residents was 0.0% per year (P = 0.0) for US programs and -2.9% per year (P = 0.3) for Canadian programs. DISCUSSION Despite a higher proportion of females in North American medical schools, gender disparity persists among radiology residents. More research is needed to identify barriers limiting female representation and improve gender parity across North American radiology programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Adham
- McMaster University Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, ON; Canada..
| | - Frank J Rybicki
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Mary C Mahoney
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Charlotte J Yong-Hing
- Department of Cancer, University of British Columbia, BC Cancer - Vancouver, Vancouver, BC; Canada
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Surov A, March C, Pech M. [Curricular teaching during the COVID-19-pandemic : Evaluation of an online-based teaching concept]. Radiologe 2021; 61:300-306. [PMID: 33416926 PMCID: PMC7791331 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-020-00793-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has created multiple challenges for health care, social and economic systems worldwide, but also for school and university teaching. Most learning has been shifted to online classes. So far, it is unclear whether these changes are well received within the student body. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was the evaluation of a newly developed online-based teaching concept for medical students studying radiology during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS The concept consisted of 12 online seminars of the 11-week course "Imaging Procedures", which were combined with 31 prerecorded video presentations. Five weeks after the start of the summer term, we conducted an anonymous online survey, which consisted of 12 questions and a box for additional comments. Furthermore, we analysed the number of requests of the presentations, the duration and the average viewing time. RESULTS In all, 110 of 213 students (51.6%) completed the survey; 72.7% stated that the new teaching concept drew their interest for radiology, 78.2% agreed that it incited self-study as well as would facilitate time- and place-independent learning (95.5%). The majority indicated that the time investment for the video presentations was appropriate, but shorter video sections would simplify the learning process (70.9%) and the ideal timeframe would be 10-20 min. The majority (80.9%) agreed that the concept should be maintained in upcoming semesters. CONCLUSIONS This newly developed online-based teaching concept enjoys high acceptance rates among students. It offers advantages such as time- and location-independent learning, possibilities for self-study and should be maintained in upcoming semesters after the end of social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Surov
- Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Leipziger Str 44, 39112, Magdeburg, Deutschland.
| | - Christine March
- Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Leipziger Str 44, 39112, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - Maciej Pech
- Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Leipziger Str 44, 39112, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|